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5 


PENNSYLVANIA 


AT 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


CEREMONIES 


AT  THE 


DEDICATION  OF  THE  MONUMENTS 


ERECTED  BY  THE 


COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


TO  MARK  THE  POSITIONS  OF  THE  PENNSYLVANIA  COMMANDS 
ENGAGED  IN  THE  BATTLES. 


There  is  a  heritage  of  heroic  example  and  noble  obligation,  not  reckoned 
in  the  wealth  of  nations,  but  essential  to  life." 


1897 


Entered  according  to  the  act  of  Congress  by  the  editor  and 

compiler,  Ca|>t.  George  \V.  Skinner,  Secretary  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Cuickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission. 


8TATK    I'IMN 


•HINTKlt    OK    PKXXSYI.VANIA. 


Lieut. 
Edwin  McC.  Boring. 


Lieut. 
S    W.  McClutkay 


Lieut.  Col. 

Archibald  Blakeley, 

President. 


Sergt. 

J.  H.  R.  Storey. 


C*pt. 

George.  W.  Skinner, 
Secretary. 


Executive  Committee  of  the  Chickamauga  Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission. 


H- 


THE  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 


CHICKAMAUGA-CHATTANOOGA      BATTLEFIELDS    COMMISSION,     UNDER 
THE  ACTS -APPROVED  JULY  3RD,  1895,  AND  JULY  22o,  1897. 


For  the  erection  of  monuments  to  mark  the  positions  of  the  Pennsylvania  commands 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga,  and  to  control  and  direct 
the  ceremonies  of  the  dedication  exercises  on  the  fields,  etc.,  on  Pennsylvania  Day. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Archibald  Blakeley,  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteer  Infantry,  President. 

Captain  George  W.  Skinner,  Seventy-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry,  Secretary. 

Brevet  Brig-adier  General  Wm.  A.  Robinson,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Sev- 
enty-seventh Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  Treasurer. 

Lieutenant  Sylvester  W.  McCluskey,  Knap's  Independent  Battery  E. 

Lieutenant  Thomas  H.  Rickert,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cav- 
alry. 

Lieutenant  Edwin  McC.  Boring,  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry. 

Sergeant  J.  H.  R.  Storey,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteer Infantry. 


(3) 


(4. 


PREFACE. 


8 
i 

8 


UNDER  date  of  December  20, 1893,  General  J.  S.  Fullerton,  Chairman  of 
the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Military  Park  Com- 
mission, addressed  a  communication  to  the  Chief  Executives  of  such 
states  as  were  represented  by  military  organizations  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  and  the  various  other  engagements  in  the  vicinity  of  Chat- 
tanooga, Tennessee,  asking  their  co-operation  in  the  work  of  correctly 
locating  the  positions  of  the  organizations  so  engaged.  In  response  to  this 
request,  His  Excellency,-  Governor  Robert  E.  Pattison,  on  the  30th  day  of 
April,  1894,  appointed  a  Commission  from  the  survivors  of  these  regiments 
and  batteries  to  aid  in  this  work  on  behalf  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
Promptly  within  two  weeks  after  such  appointment,  the  gentlemen  so 
selected  met  at  Harrisburg  for  organization  and  the  transaction  of  other 
business.  The  record  of  this  initial  meeting  which  led  up  to  all  the  im- 
portant work  which  has  since  been  done  to  perpetuate  the  history  of 
Pennsylvania  troops  on  these  fields,  is  best  told  in  the  report  of  Captain 
Waltman,  recording  secretary,  which  is  here  inserted  in  full. 

THE    PENNSYLVANIA    DELEGATION     TO   THE     CHICKAMAUGA- 
CHATTANOOGA  BATTLEFIELDS  COMMISSION. 

AN  ACCOUNT  of  the  appointment,  organization  and  proceedings  of  delegates  commis- 
sioned by  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  to  act  with  the  United 
States  Commissioners,  for  the  establishment  of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga 
National  Military  Park,  in  locating  the  positions  of  Pennsylvania  troops  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Chickamauga  and  the  battles  about  Chattanooga,  in  the  year  1863  of 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 


His  Excellency,  Robert  E.  Pattison,  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, 
•»  having  commissioned  ninety-six  of  the  survivors  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops  engaged 
Ul  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  and  the  battles  about  Chattanooga,  to  act  with  the  United 
States  Commission  for  the  establishment  of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  Military 
3  Park,  in  locating  the  positions  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops  in  those  engagements,  the  fol- 
3  lowing  list  of  the  persons  thus  commissioned  has  been  prepared,  alphabetically,  with 
^  rank,  organization  and  present  address  of  each  delegate. 

ROLL,  OF  DELEGATES. 

Adams,  Joseph  H.,  Private,   Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Alexander,  Win.  J.,  Captain,  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Infantry,  Warren,  Pa. 
Allen,  Thomas  G.,  Corporal,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Reading,  Pa. 

Baker,    Theodore    S.    S.,    Lieutenant.   Twenty-ninth  Infantry,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 
Balmer,  Benjamin  F.,  Commissary  Sergeant,  Fifteenth  Cavalry,  Harrisburg,   Pa. 

(5) 


6  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Beeoher,   George  R.,   Sergeant,   Forty-sixth  Infantry.  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

Bentley,  Jno.  D.,  Captain,  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Infantry,  Corry,  Pa. 

Bergstresser,  Alex.  W.,  Private,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Harrlsburg,  Pa. 

Betts,  Chas.  M.,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Fifteenth  Cavalry,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Blakeley,  Archibald,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Boring,  Edwin  McC. ,  Lieutenant,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 

Brinker,  Jno.  M.,  Captain,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

Byrnes,  Wm.  J. ,  Captain,  Twenty-ninth  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Clalr,  Steven  S.,  Lieutenant,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Columbia,  Pa. 

Clark,   Geo.  W. ,  Lieutenant,  One  hundred  and  ninth  and  One  hundred  and  eleventh 
Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Conaway,  John  F. ,   Lieutenant,   Fifteenth  Cavalry,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Craig,   John,    Lieutenant  Colonel,    One  Hundred  and  forty-seventh  Infantry,    Lehigh 
Gap,  Pa. 

Davis,  Charles  C.,  Major,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Davis.  Samuel  T.,  Captain,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Demmlng,  Henry  C.,  Lieutenant,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  Harrlsburg,  Pa. 

Devlin,  Charles  P.,   Private,   Seventy- third  Infantry,  Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Dornblaser,  T.  F.,  Sergeant,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Bucyrus,  Ohio. 

Edgerley,  Edward,  Captain,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Elliott,  Fergus,   Sergeant,  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Infantry,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ellwood,  Robert  D.,  Captain,   Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Foerlng,  John  Oppell,  Captain,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Frldy,  J.  Halls,  Quartermaster  Sergeant,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Mountville,  Pa. 

Getter,  J.  B.(  Lieutenant,  Forty-sixth  Infantry,  Shamokln,  Pa. 

Gibson,  Rev.  J.  Thompson,  Sergeant,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Giilespie,  Chas.  B.,  Captain,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Freeport,  Pa. 

Goodman,  Wm.  E.,  Major,  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Greeno,    Charles  L.,    Major  and   Brevet   Lieutenant  Colonel,    Seventh   Cavalry,    Cin- 
rlnnatl,  Ohio. 

Hambrlght,  Emanuel  L.,   Private,   Seventy-ninth  Infantry,   Roherstown,  Pa. 

Hammann,   Edward,   Lieutenant,   Knap's  Battery,   Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Hancock,  E.  A.,  Major.  Ninth  Cavalry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hay,   A.  B.,   Sergeant,   Seventy-eighth  Infantry,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Hougendobler,  W.  H.,  Musician,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Columbia,  Pa. 

Houghtelln,   William  D.,   Sergeant,   Seventy-seventh  Infantry,   Oakmont,   Pa. 

Jordan,  Thomas  J.,  Colonel,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Brevet  Brigadier  General,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Happier,   Frederick,  Bugler,   Ninth  Cavalry,   Wllkes-Barre,   Pa. 

Keith,   Isaac,  Lieutenant,   Seventh  Cavalry,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Keller,  John  W. ,  Corporal,   Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Kennedy,  Hugh,  Private,  Seventy-third  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ker,  Wm.  W.,   Captain,  Seventy-third  Infantry,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Landis,  Isaac  D.,  Lieutenant,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Coatesville,  Pa. 

Ledlg,    August,   Major,    Seventy-fifth  Infantry,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 

Lewis,   Thomas  E.,   Private,   One  hundred  and  ninth  and  One  hundred  and  eleventh 
Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Longsdorf,  Wm.  H.,  Major,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

Lowell,  Noah  W. ,  Quartermaster,  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Infantry,  Erie,  Pa. 

Lutje,  W.  F.,  Lieutenant,  Muehler's  Battery,  Erie,  Pa. 

MacKnight,   Owen  B..   Captain,   Ninth  Cavalry,   Plains,   Pa. 

Mauk,  Henry.  Corporal,  Twenty-seventh  Infantry,   Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Marshall,  James  H.,   Lieutenant,   Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Matchette,   Joesph,  Captain,   Forty-sixth  Infantry,    Catasauqua,    Pa. 

Miller,  J.  Frank,  Major,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Berrysburg,  Pa. 

Mish,   George  F.,   Surgeon,  Fifteenth  Cavalry,  Mlddletown,   Pa. 

Monroe,  Thomas,  Lieutenant,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  Gallitzln,  Pa. 

Moore,  Joseph  A.,  Captain,  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Infantry,  Camp  Hill,   Pa. 

Muller,  Charles  F.,  Lieutenant,  Twenty-ninth  Infantry,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

McCluskey,   Sylvester  W.,  Lieutenant,   Knap's  Battery,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
McGIll,  James  D.,   Captain,   Knap's  Battery,  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Nachtlgall,  Herman,   Sergeant,   Seventy-fifth  Infantry,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 
Nicholson,  John  P.,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Nlssley,  Harry.  Private,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Mount  Joy,  Pa. 
Negley,  James  S.,  Major  General,  Plainfleld,  N.  J. 
Over,   Hon.  James  W.,  Corporal,  Fifteenth  Cavalry,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Palmer,   Wm.  J.,   Colonel,   Fifteenth  Cavalry,   Brevet  Brigadier  General,   New  York, 
N.  Y. 

Parrtee,  Arlo,  Jr.,  Colonel,  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Infantry,  Brevet  Brigadier 
General,  Wyncote,  Pa. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  7 

Porter,  Jno.  M.,  Major,  Ninth  Cavalry,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Pontz,  Jacob,   Lieutenant,   Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Ransing,  Henry,  Lieutenant,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Rickards,   William,   Colonel,   Twenty-ninth  Infantry,  Franklin,  Pa. 

Rickert,  Thomas  H.,  Quartermaster,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Pottsville,  Pa. 

Robinson,  Wm.  A.,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  Brevet  Brigadier 
General,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Rose,  Thomas  E.,  Colonel,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  Brevet  Brigadier  General, 
Lebanon ,  Ky. 

Russell,  R.  M.,  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Hanover,  Pa'. 

Schaffner,  George,  Corporal,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Butler,  Pa. 

Scholder,    Christian,    Private,   Twenty-seventh  Infantry,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Schuyler,  Jno.,  Captain,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Lock  Haven,  Pa. 

Schaeffer,   Israel  B.,   Captain,  Seventh  Cavalry,    Valley  Falls.  Kan. 

Shenck,  Albert  F.,   Bugler,  Ninth  Cavalry,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

Shenck,  Henry  C.,  Musician,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry;  Corporal,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Lan- 
caster, Pa. 

Shipp,  James  A.,  Corporal,  Forty-sixth  Infantry,  Sbamokln,  Pa. 

Ehuman,  George  A.,  Major,  Ninth  Cavalry,  Landisburg,  Pa. 

Skinner,  George  W. ,  Captain,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  Big  Cove  Tannery,  Pa. 

Steahlin,   George  F.,  Adjutant,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Orwlgsburg,  Pa. 

Storey,  J.  H.  R.,  Sergeant,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Thompson,  Heber  S.,  Captain,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Pottsville,  Pa. 

Tweedale,  John,  Private,  Fifteenth  Cavalry,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Vale,  Jos.  G.,  Captain,  Seventh  Cavalry,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

Waltman,  H.  B.,  Captain,  Ninth  Cavalry,  York,  Pa. 

Wiehl,  Fred.  F.,  Lieutenant,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Wisner,   Sigmund  E.,   Captain,— Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  Marietta,  Pa. 

Young,  James  Rankin,   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

The  commissions  were  in  the  following  form: 

Tn  the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, 
[Coat  of  Arms  of  Pennsylvania.] 

Executive   Department. 
To  all  to  whom  these  presents  shall  come,  greeting: 

Whereas,  General  J.  S.  Fullerton,  Chairman  of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga 
National  Military  Park  Commission,  engaged  under  the  direction  of  the  Honorable 
Secretary  of  War  in  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress,  approved 
August  19,  1890,  and  subsequent  amendments,  in  establishing  the  Chickamauga  and 
Chattanooga  National  Military  Park,  has  requested  the  appointment  of  a  delegation  from 
this  State  to  co-operate  with  the  National  Commission  in  the  work  of  correctly  locating 
the  positions  of  regiments  and  batteries  from  this  State  that  participated  In  the  battles 
of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga,  including  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge: 
Now  Therefore,  Having  been  informed  that 


of  the  County  of 

was  connected  with  an  organization  the  members  of  which  participated  in  one  or  more 
of  said  battles,  and  reposing  especial  trust  and  confidence  in  his  judgment,  integrity 
and  ability,  I  have  appointed  and  do  by  these  presents  commission  him  to  be  a  delegate 
on  behalf  of  and  to  represent  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  purposes  above 
mentioned. 

A  preliminary  meeting  of  the  delegation  from  this  State"  will  be  held  at  Harrisburg  on 
Tuesday,  May  15,  1894,  to  organize  and  to  select  a  suitable  time  to  visit  the  fields  em- 
braced within  said  park.  As  no  funds  are  available,  delegates  will  have  to  bear  their 
own  expenses. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State,  at  the  City  of 
[  Great  Seal.]       Harrisburg,   this  thirtieth  day  of  April,   In  the  year  of  our  Lord  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-four,  and  of  the  Commonwealth 
the  one  hundred  and  eighteenth. 

ROBT.  E.  PATTISON. 
By  the  Governor, 

WM.   F.   HARRITY, 

Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth. 


8  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Under  the  call  set  forth  In  the  commissions,  the  delegates  convened,  May  15.  A.  D. 
1894.  In  the  Supreme  Court  Room  of  the  Capitol  Building,  at  Harrlsburg,  Pennsylvania, 
when  Comrade  Alexander  W.  Bergstresser,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  arose  and  called  the 
deleKates  to  order,  whereupon  Comrade  Joseph  G.  Vale,  Seventh  Cavalry,  moved  that 
Comrade  Alexander  W.  Bergstresser  be  elected  temporary  chairman:  the  motion  being 
seconded,  was  put  by  Comrade  Vale  and  carried  unanimously.  Chairman  Bergstresser 
thanked  the  delegates  In  most  appropriate  words  for  the  honor  conferred  upon  him, 
and  called  for  nominations  for  temporary  secretary. 

Comrade  H.  B.  Waltman,  Ninth  Cavalry,  was  nominated  and  unanimously  elected 
temporary  secretary.' 

On  motion,  duly  seconded  and  carried,  the  chair  appointed  Comrades  S.  S.  Clalr, 
Seventy-ninth  Infantry;  R-  M.  Russell,  Ninth  Cavalry;  H.  C.  Demming,  Seventy-seventh 
Infantry,  a  committee  to  notify  the  Governor  of  the  assembling  and  organization  of  the 
delegates,  and  requesting  his  presence. 

The  committee  returned,  escorting  Humphrey  D.  Tate,  Esq.,  Private  Secretary  to  the 
Governor,  who  being  introduced  by  the  chairman  of  the  committee,  spoke  as  follows: 

Mr.  President  and  Gentlemen: 

Governor  Pattison  will  deeply  regret  his  inability  to  meet  with  you  on  this  Interesting 
occasion.  He  anticipated  great  pleasure  in  meeting  with  some  of  the  survivors  of  the 
great  battles  of  Chlckairmuga  and  Chattanooga,  and  had  made  all  his  arrangements 
for  so  doing;  but  death,  which  did  such  havoc  on  those  memorable  fields  of  carnage,  and 
has  persistently  followed  those  who  there  escaped,  has  further  diminished  your  ranks 
by  calling  away  your  comrade,  General  Robert  Porter  Dechert,  whose  remains  the 
Governor  is  this  hour  following  to  their  last  resting  place. 

To  you,  old  soldiers,  such  an  engagement  is  a  sufficient  excuse  for  the  absence  of  the 
Governor. 

It  was  his  pleasure  to  respond  with  alacrity  to  the  request  of  the  National  Commis- 
sioners to  appoint  a  delegation  from  Pennsylvania  to  co-operate  with  the  National 
Commission  in  the  work  of  correctly  locating  the  positions  of  Pennsylvania  regiments 
and  batteries  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga,  including  Lookout  Moun- 
tain and  Missionary  Ridge,  and  he  greatly  regretted  that  there  was  not  a  fund,  over 
which  he  had  supervision,  out  of  which  the  expenses  attending  this  important  work 
could  be  defrayed. 

It  Is  timely,  old  soldiers,  and  pre-eminently  proper  that  you  should  thus  assemble. 
The  hoary  locks  and  bowed  heads  of  many  of  you  betoken  that  the  weight  of  years  Is 
upon  you,  and  that,  in  the  natural  course  of  human  events,  soon  the  last  survivor  of 
these  hard-fought  battles  will  be  followed  by  patriotic  citizens  to  the  grave,  and  these 
battles  will  remain  only  in  recorded  history.  This. is  a  sadly  solemn  thought,  but  we 
dare  not  refuse  to  entertain  it.  Pennsylvania  is  proud  of  the  record  made  by  her  sons 
on  the  great  battlefields  of  the  war,  and  it  is  just  to  her,  as  well  as  to  her  sons,  that 
no  doubt  should  ever  be  raised  as  to  their  true  position  on  each  field.  Who  can  do  this 
work  for  her  so  well  as  the  actual  participants  in  the  several  engagements?  Go  then  for- 
ward in  the  performance  of  the  duty  assigned  you,  remembering  that  the  people  of 
Pennsylvania  go  with  you  in  spirit.  I  bespeak  for  the  Governor  his  hearty  co-operation 
in  any  and  every  way  that  tends  to  make  your  "labor  of  love"  a  perfect  success,  ending 
In  a  consummation  of  your  most  sanguine  expectations,  the  erection  of  monuments  to 
perpetuate  to  unborn  generations  the  exact  positions  where  Pennsylvanians  dared  to  die. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  address,  Secretary  Tate  was  warmly  applauded. 

Comrade  William  W.  Ker,  Seventy-third  Infantry,  then  moved  the  appointment  of  a 
committee  of  five  on  permanent  organization;  the  motion  being  seconded  and  carried, 
the  chair  appointed  Comrades 

William  W.  Ker,   Seventy- third  Infantry. 

George  Schaffner,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry. 

Thomas  H.  Rlckert,   Seventh  Cavalry. 

Charles  C.   Davis,    Seventh  Cavalry. 

J.  B.  Getter,  Forty-sixtn  Infantry. 

The  committee  retired,  and  after  considerable  time  spent  In  consultation,  returned 
and  reported  the  following  organization: 

President. 
Archibald  Blakeley,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry. 

Vice  Presidents. 
James  Rankin  Young. 

Alexander  W.  Bergstresser,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry. 
George  W.  Skinner,   Seventy-seventh  Infantry. 
Charles  C.  1  'avis.  Seventh  Cavalry. 


CHTCKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  9 

John  Craig,    One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Infantry. 

Joseph  G.  Vale,  Seventh  Cavalry. 

Noah  \V.  Lowell,  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Infantry. 

Charles  M.  Betts,  Fifteenth  Cavalry. 

Sylvester  W.  McCluskey,  Knap's  Battery. 

Thomas  Monroe,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry. 

James  A.  Shipp,  Forty-sixth  Infantry. 

William  Rickards,  Twenty-ninth  Infantry. 

George  W.  Clark,  One  hundred  and  ninth  and  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Infantry. 

August  Ledig,   Seventy-fifth  Infantry. 

Recording  Secretary. 
H.  B.  Waltman,  Ninth  Cavalry. 

Corresponding    Secretary. 

Ji.hn  P.  Nicholson,   Twenty-eighth  Infantry. 

/ 

Treasurer. 
E.  A.  Hancock,  Ninth  Cavalry. 

With  the  following  committees  to  be  appointed  by  the  president: 

A  committee  of  five  to  confer  with  the  United  States  Commission. 

A  committee  of  five  on  transportation. 

A  committee  of  three  on  hotel  arrangements. 

A  committee  of  three  on  programme  and  badges. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  permanent  organization  being  read,  it  was  unanimously 
adopted,  and  the  committee  discharged. 

Comrade  Archibald  Blakeley,  being  escorted  to  the  chair  and  introduced  by  Comrade 
Bergstresser,  spoke  as  follows: 

My  Comiades: 

It  Is  an  old  saying,  that  a  falsehood  oft  repeated,  in  time  is  accepted  as  truth.  A 
great  poet,  however,  formulated  a  better  maxim  when  he  wrote: 


"Truth  crushed   to  earth   shall  rise  again: 

The  eternal  years  of  God  are  her's; 
But  Error,   wounded,   writhes  with  pain, 
And   dies  among  his   worshippers." 


The  popular  idea  of  the  campaign  and  battle  of  Chickamauga  is  a  falsehood,  oft  re- 
peated, commonly  accepted  by  those  who  do  not  investigate,  and  I  regret  to  say  by  many 
who  do  investigate,  but  are  consciously  or  unconsciously  swayed  into  error  by  prejudice. 

The  campaign  and  battle  of  Chickamauga,  combined,  was  one  of  the  greatest  Union 
victories  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  The  truth  of  that  campaign  and  battle  have  been 
largely  crushed  to  earth  but  will  rise  again,  for  "the  eternal  years  of  God  are  her's" 
May  we,  in  the  work  we  have  now  to  do,  materially  aid  in  wounding  the  error,  and 
lifting  crushed  truth  from  the  earth,  that  the  world  to-day  and  hereafter  may  see  and 
know  the  reality  of  that  wonderful  campaign,  and  more  wonderful  battle,  where  two 
monster  armies,  cut  off  from  supplies,  support  and  lines  of  retreat,  fought  in  the  wilder- 
ness of  Northwestern  Georgia  until  the  dark  waters  of  the  Chickamauga  ran  red  with 
the  blood  of  the  contending  hosts! 

In  August,  1863,  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  commanded  by  General  Rosecrans, 
rested  from  its  Tullahoma  campaign  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Cumberland  Moun- 
tains, well  advanced  to  the  Tennessee  river.  The  Confederate  army,  commanded  by 
General  Bragg,  held  the  country  south  of  the  river,  its  centre  at  its  key  point,  Chat- 
tanooga. The  leading-  military  men  of  the  south,  including  Jefferson  Davis,  pronounced 
Chs.ttanooga,  with  the  force  then  there,  impregnable  to  all  the  forces  that  could  be 
brought  against  it. 

By  a  feint  In  front  of  Chattanooga,  and  a  feint  to  cross  the  Tennessee,  east  of  Chat- 
tanooga, General  Rosecrans  was  enabled  to  throw  his  army  across  the  Tennessee,  west 
of  Chattanooga,  and  across  the  Sand  Mountains  of  Alabama  and  the  Lookout  Range, 
striking  the  rear  of  Bragg'  s  army  east  of  the  latter  range,  south  of  Chattanooga,  thereby 
compelling  the  surrender  and  abandonment  of  Chattanooga,  with  its  fortifications, 
mountains,  ridges  and  heights,  with  the  Confederate  army  in  full  retreat.  This  was  the 
movement  and  this  the  result,  without  appreciable  loss  to  the  Union  army. 

The  primary  object  of  the  movement  was  the  possession  of  Chattanooga  as  a  base  for 
future  movements  into  the  South.  "With  the  contending  armies  at  their  relative  strength 
when  our  movement  commenced,  we  could  have  held  the  positions  attained  and  also 


10  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

our  line  of  supplies,  but  at  the  critical  moment  the  army  under  General  Bragg  was 
augmented  by  the  arrival  of  General  Longstreet  with  his  strong  corps  from  the  Army 
of  North  Virginia,  and  other  troops  In  large  numbers  from  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi. 
With  these  combined  forces,  Bragg  turned  upon  us,  and  the  battle  of  Cliickamauga  was 
fought. 

The  fight  was  a  hard  one  from  the  beginning,  but  everything  ran  In  our  favor  until 
near  noon  on  Sunday,  when,  by  a  mistake  or  misapprehension  of  orders,  one  of  our 
largest  divisions  was  withdrawn  from  our  battle  line,  leaving  a  gap  through  which  the 
^nemy  came,  cutting  off  the  right  of  our  line,  driving  It  from  the  field,  leaving  the  left 
alone  in  line.  It  was  then  that  the  Invincible  Thomas  massed  the  troops  of  the  left  on 
ihe  now  historic  "Horse  Shoe  Ridge,"  and  with  re-enforcements  from  the  fourth  corps 
and  the  broken  line,  fought  a  battle,  which  to-day  is,  and  for  all  time  will  be,  the  ad- 
miration of  the  world,  and  won  for  himself  net  a  title,  dukedom  or  promotion,  but  a 
name— The  Rock  of  Chickamauga— which  shall  live  with  that  of  George  H.  Thomas  until 
history  falls  to  tell  the  story  of  brave  deeds  and  mighty  battles. 

At  nightfall  the  enemy  retired  from  our  front,  and  left  us  in  Che  position  In  which  we 
fought.  General  Rosecrans  deeming  it  prudent  to  do  so,  General  Thomas  reluctantly 
yielded  to  the  retirement  of  his  army  at  midnight  to  a  new  line  on  Missionary  Ridge, 
which  being  maintained  during  the  following  day,  the  troops  were  all  quietly  retired 
during  Monday  night  to  a  line  for  the  defense  of  Chattanooga.  There  we  lay  for  nearly 
two  months,  besieged  it  Is  true,  and  dodging  the  shells  which  the  enemy  persistently 
plunged  Into  our  camps  from  Missionary  Ridge,  Orchard  Knob  and  Lookout  Mountain. 

And  then,  you,  our  good  breve  comrades,  came  down  to  us  from  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  How  glad  we  were  to  know  you  were  coming.  If  you  could  know  the  glad- 
ness brought  to  our  hearts  by  the  rattle  of  your  muskets,  the  thunder  of  your  guns,  and 
above  all  by  your  shouts  of  victory  in  your  awful  midnight  fight  at  Wauhatchle,  it 
would,  I  know,  repay  you  for  all  you  then  suffered  and  endured.  While  you  fought  the 
battle  of  Wauhatchle  we  were  under  arms,  did  not  exactly  know  where  the  fight  was, 
cculd  not  have  reached  you  If  we  had  known,  but  we  knew  what  it  all  meant;  you 
were  not  only  fighting  for  your  country,  but  the  imperiled  life  of  a  starving  army,  and 
thousands  of  the  brave,  famishing  men  of  that  army  were  praying  the  God  of  Battles  to 
nerve  your  arms  for  the  great  victory  you  won.  The  annals  of  warfare  record  but  few 
engagements  such  as  Wauhatchie. 

A  few  days  later  it  was  our  fortune  to  stand  on  the  plains  of  Chattanooga  and  see 
you  charging  Lookout  Mountain.  All  morning  we  heard  your  guns  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  mountain.  At  noon,  your  long  blue  battle-line  swung  around  the  point,  with 
your  right  against  the  palisades  and  your  left  retired,  turning  all  the  enemy's  positions 
and  driving  all  before  you— a  more  magnificent  battle  scene  was  never  presented  to  the 
eye  of  man.  It  was  then  the  shifting  clouds  hid  you  from  our  sight,  but  the  roar  of 
battle  above  the  clouds  grew  louder  and  stronger,  echoes  and  reverberations  from 
mountain  point  to  mountain  point  filled  the  air,  the  cheeks  of  brave  men  blanched  and 
the  knee?  of  strong  men  trembled,  as  looking  upon  each  other  they  exclaimed,  "It  is  a 
battle  of  the  gods!"  You  won  the  fight,  and  "the  battle  above  the  clouds"  has  passed  to 
its  place  in  recorded  history. 

Hastening  across  the  valley  of  Chattanooga  you  seized  and  held  the  South  Point  of 
Missionary  Ridge  at  Ressville  Gap  In  the  afternoon  of  the  following  day.  Sherman  was 
fighting  for  the  North  Point,  while  we  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  held  the  plains 
of  Chattanooga  In  front.  We  stood  there  under  arms  looking  at  Sherman's  two  days' 
fight  at  the  north  point,  and  your  one  day's  fight  on  the  mountain,  and  it  now  came  our 
turn  to  be  the  "observed  of  all  observers." 

At  the  critical  moment,  when  Sherman  had  failed  to  turn  the  enemy's  right  flank, 
and  Hooker  was  struggling  with  his  left  flank,  a  portion  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, under  General  Thomas,  charged  his  centre  and  drove  him  from  the  front  and  sum- 
mit of  Missionary  Ridge  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  and  uniting  with  the  forces  on  his 
flanks,  completely  routed  him,  and  drove  him  pell-mell  from  all  his  positions.  Chat- 
tanooga, her  mountains,  hills,  fcrts,  defenses,  northern  and  western  approaches,  were 
ours! 

Neither  the  recollections  of  men,  or  the  histories  of  war,  describe  a  grander  panorama 
of  battle  than  that  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge.  Few,  if  any,  battles 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  were  so  fraught  with  immediate  and  resulting  helps  to 
our  cause.  We  had  the  base  we  started  for  when  we  left  the  western  slopes  of  the  Cum- 
berland mountains,  three  months  before — the  base  from  which  Grant  fought  and  won  the 
victories  which  made  him  Lieutenant  General,  and  gave  him  command  of  the  armies 
of  the  nation— the  base  from  which  Sherman  afterward  fought  the  Atlanta  campaign, 
with  the  resulting  march  to  the  sea. 

A  merciful  Providence  having  spared  our  lives  through  these  engagements  and  the 
Intervening  years,  you  and  I  have  now  been  commissioned  by  the  Governor  of  the 
Commonwealth  to  re-vUIt  these  battlefields,  to  mark  the  places  where  Pennsylvanlans 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  11 

fought  and  Pennsylvanians  died!  The  scene  of  these  conflicts  has  passed  to  the  posses- 
sion and  control  of  a  National  Commission,  under  an  act  of  Congress,  for  the  purpose  of 
making  it  a  National  Military  Park.  Six  thousand  acres,  covering  the  larger  part  of  the 
battle-field  of  Chlckamauga,  have  been  purchased  by  the  National  Commission. 

The  State  of  Georgia  has  ceded  jurisdiction  to  the  United  States  over  the  Chlckamauga 
field  and  the  roads  approaching  it. 

The  State  of  Tenne&see  has  ceded  to  the  United  States  the  roads  over  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, through  the  battlefield,  the  roads  thence  to  Rossville  Gap,  and  thence  along  the 
crest  of  Missionary  Ridge  to  General  Sherman's  position  at  the  north  point  of  the  ridge. 

Historical  tablets  along  these  roads  will  set  forth  all  the  details  of  the  battles.  The 
National  Commission  is  now  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  the  field  works  of  General 
Sherman,  at  and  beyond  the  north  point  of  the  ridge;  also,  for  Orchard  Knob,  and  the 
site  of  General  Bragg's  headquarters  on  Missionary  Ridge. 

Five  observation  towers  of  iron  and  steel,  seventy  feet  high,  have  been  erected,  three 
on  the  field  of  Chlckamauga  and  two  on  Missionary  Ridge. 

General  Wilder' s  brigade  of  mounted  Infantry  has  erected  a  monument  near  Widow 
Glenn's  house,  on  the  Chickamauga  field,  one  hundred  and  ten  feet  high.  Eight  monu- 
ments marking  the  pcsitions  of  the  regular  regiments  have  been  erected,  and  many  other 
monuments  are  In  process  of  erection. 

The  National  Commission  will  erect  historical  tablets  for  army  headquarters,  corps, 
divisions  and  brigades  for  both  sides. 

These  tablets  will  set  forth  the  composition  and  commanders  of  each  of  these  organiza- 
tions as  far  as  the  commanders  of  regiments  and  batteries,  with  concise  statements 
of  the  part  taken  by  each  organization. 

The  act  of  Congress  leaves  It  to  the  states  to  erect  monuments  to  regiments  and  bat- 
teries. It  leaves  It  to  corps,  divisions  and  brigades  to  erect  their  own  monuments. 

The  National  Commission  will  permanently  mark  and  record  locations  agreed  upon 
with  State  Commissioners,  until  such  time  as  the  states  may  choose  to  erect  monuments. 

The  park,  when  completed,  will  be  the  most  comprehensive  and  extended  military 
object-lesson  In  existence.  It  Is  at  the  same  time  a  perfect  wonderland  of  the  wildest 
works  of  nature,  attracting  visitors  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  central  drive  now 
being  constructed  from  the  southern  limits  of  the  Chlckamauga  field  to  the  field  of  Sher- 
man's battle  at  th3  north  point  of  Missionary  Ridge,  will  be  twenty  miles  In  length,  and 
all  of  It  passes  through  or  overlooks  heavy  fighting  ground.  The  details  of  six  battles 
will  be  set  forth  upon  the  historical  tablets  to  be  erected  by  the  National  Commission 
within  the  park  and  Its  approaches,  namely,  Wauhatchie,  Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard 
Knob,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  and  the  three  days'  fighting  at  Chlcka- 
mauga. 

It  Is  now  our  duty  as  well  as  our  high  privilege  to  co-operate  with  the  National 
Commission  In  designating  the  positions  held  by  the  Pennsylvania  organizations  on 
those  fields.  We  should  come  to  this  work  with  more  than  a  sense  of  duty  or  privi- 
lege. We  should  come  to  It  as  to  a  "work  of  love."  Love  for  our  grand  old  Com- 
monwealth, and  the  heroic  deeds  of  her  sons,  living  or  dead!  Love  for  those  who 
set  out  from  their  base  In  Middle  Tennessee,  crossed  mountains  and  rivers  to  strike 
the  rear  of  a  mighty  army,  then  entrenched  at  Chattanooga!  Love  for  those  who 
fought  three  days  and  nights  at  Chickamauga  against  heavy  odds  to  hold  the  fruits 
of  their  campaign!  Love  for  those  who  stood  by  Thomas  in  nis  answer  to  the  Gov- 
ernment, when  asked  how  long  he  could  hold  Chattanooga— "We  will  hold  the  town 
until  we  starve!"  Love  for  our  own  John  W.  Geary,  who  fought  and  won  at  Wau- 
hatchie, and  led  the  charge  at  Lookout!  Love  for  the  lion-hearted  Pennsylvanians 
who  so  largely  constituted  his  fighting  forces  at  Wauhatchie  and,  with  him,  scaled  the 
giddy  heights  of  Lookout,  planting  the  star-spangled  banner  on  the  enemy's  fortifica- 
tions above  the  clouds!  And  we  must  not  omit  to  say  that  in  the  final  onslaught  on 
the  Confederate  Army,  concentrated  on  Missionary  Ridge,  Pennsylvania  were  on 
his  front  and  flanks.  Considering  the  charging  force,  the  breadth  of  ground  covered, 
the  natural  and  artificial  obstructions  In  the  way,  and  the  army  to  overcome,  it  was 
a  charge  without  precedent.  In  that  charge,  Grant  and  Thomas  were  nowhere. 

True,  fifteen  brigades  of  live,  wide-awake  American  citizens  in  uniform,  under 
regulation  orders,  charged  across  the  plains  and  Citico  Creek  to  the  base  of  the  ridge, 
where  they  were  to  halt  and  await  orders.  The  most  exacting  martinet  In  military 
affairs  could  not  have  excepted  to  their  perfect  and  orderly  movement  to  the  base 
of  the  ridge.  In  that  preliminary  charge,  Missionary  Ridge  arose  before  them,  high, 
steep,"  rugged,  dotted  with  rifle  pits,  glistening  with  bayonets  and  the  long  guns  of 
sharpshooters,  obstructed  by  abattis,  its  summit  covered  with  artillery  from  flank  to 
flank  of  the  opposing  army,  and  the  whole  thing  a  blazing  volcano,  showering  shot  and 
shell  on  the  advancing  line. 

Under  these  conditions,   it  did  not  take  the  fifteen  brigades  of  thinking,   observant 
men  and  officers  long  to  decide  what  to  do,  and  as  they  leaped  the  little  creek,  acting 


12  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

as  one  man,  and  by  a  common  Impulse,  they  clashed  across  the  halting  line,  without 
orders  and  against  orders,  charged  up  the  Ridge  like  very  devils,  killing,  capturing  and 
driving,  they  reached  the  summit,  turned  the  unflred  batteries  on  the  fleeing  foe,  firing 
parting  salutes  to  Bragg  and  his  defeated  army  as  they  rushed  in  an  undistlngulshable 
mass  from  his  chosen  field  of  battle. 

This  charge  was  made  in  the  golden  sunset  of  November  25,  1863,  and  ended  the  chapter 
of  battles  about  Chattanooga. 

The  ever-efficient  cavalry  of  the  Keystone  State,  here  as  everywhere,  were  in  at  the 
nick  of  time,  and  smote  the  retreating  army  hip  and  thigh  In  hand  to  hand  conflicts, 
until  the  mountains  of  Georgia  prevented  further  pursuit.  ; 

Pennsylvania  had  but  few  trocps  in  these  fields  as  compared  with  many  other  states, 
yet,  considering  her  share  of  the  work  done  there,  she  can  well  say  to  the  National 
Commission  and  the  commissions  from  other  states:  "I,  too,  was  here,  with  my  bat- 
teries, my  horsemen  and  my  footmen." 

Unexpectedly  called  upon  to  serve  as  your  President;  unskilled  in  parliamentary  pro- 
ceedings, I  ask  you  to  look  upon  my  errors  with  soldierly  frankness,  here  dedicating  to 
and  with  you,  all  I  have  of  mind,  body  and  ability  for  the  successful  accomplishment  of 
this  work  of  love. 

Thanking  you,  my  comrades,  with  my  whole  heart  for  the  honor  you  have  conferred 
upon  me,  we  will  now  proceed  to  the  business  of  the  Commission. 

On  motion  of  Comrade  J.  H.  R.  Storey,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry,  the  presi- 
dent was  directed  to  appoint  a  committee  of  five  on  Legislation. 

Comrade  Joseph  G.  Vale,  Seventh  Cavalry,  moved  that  the  Commission  appointed  by 
the  Governor  proceed  to  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  and  about  Chattanooga,  at  the 
call  of  the  President;  the  motion  was  seconded  by  Comrade  John  Schuyler,  Seventh  Cav- 
alry; put,  and  carried. 

Comrade  Joseph  A.  Moore,  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Infantry,  moved  that  when 
we  adjourn,  it  be  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the  president,  and  that  a  copy  of  the  minutes 
of  this  meeting  be  sent  to  all  the  delegates,  which  motion  was  agreed  to. 

Comrade  J.  H.  R.  Storey,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry,  moved  an  adjournment, 
which  motion  being  seconded  and  put,  was  lost. 

Comrade  Joseph  G.  Vale,  Seventh  Cavalry,  moved  to  reconsider  the  motion  for 
the  appointment  of  a  committee  on  legislation,  which  motion,  being  seconded,  debated 
and  put,  was  lost. 

On  motion,  adjourned. 

The  president  afterwaids  announced  the  appointment  of  the  following  committees: 

To  Confer  with  United  States  Commissioners. 
Comrade  Wm.  A.  Robinson,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry. 
Comrade  Rev.  J.  Thompson  Gibson,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry. 
Comrade  Hon.  James  W.  Over,  Fifteenth  Cavalry. 
Comrade  Sylvester  W.  McCluskey,   Knap's  Battery. 
Comrade  Charles  B.  Glllespie,   Seventy-eighth  Infantry. 

On    Transportation. 

Comrade  William  W.  Ker,  Seventy-third  Infantry. 
Comrade  E.  A.  Hancock,  Ninth  Cavalry. 
Comrade  John  P.  Nicholson,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry. 
Comrade  Thomas  J.  Jordan,  Ninth  Cavalry. 
Comrade  George  Schaffner,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry. 

Hotel  Accommodations. 

Comrade  John  P.  Nicholson,  Twenty-eighth  Infantry. 
Comrade  Fred.  F.  Wiehl,  Seventy-eighth  Infantry. 
Comrade  Charles  F.  Muller.  Twenty-ninth  Infantry. 

Programme  and  Badges. 

Comrade  Charles  M.  Belts,  Fifteenth  Cavalry. 
Comrade  James  S.  Negley,  Major  General,  Volunteers. 
Con-.rade    James     Rankln    Young. 

Committee   on   Legislation. 

Comrade  J.  H.  R.  Storey,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry. 
Comrade  George  W.  Skinner,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry. 
Comrade  Thomas  H.  Rickert.  Seventh  Cavalry. 
Comrade  Samuel  T.  Davis,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry. 
Comrade  John  F.  Conaway,  Fifteenth  Cavalry- 

H.   B.   WALTMAN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Cavalry, 
Recording  Secretary. 


Gov.  ROBERT  E.  PATTISON,  Gov.  WILLIAM  A.  STONE, 

who  appointed  Original  Commission.  who  approved  Act  for  Publication  of 

Proceeding's. 

Gov.  DANIEL  H.  HASTINGS, 

rho  approved  Acts  providing  for  Erection  ADJUTANT  GENERAL  THOMAS  J.  STEWART, 

of   Monuments  and   Transportation  under  whose  direction  transportation 

of  Survivors.  was  furnished. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  IS 

A  majority  of  the  members  of  this  Commission  met  by  appointment 
at  Chattanooga  during  the  month  of  September  following  and  after 
spending  several  days  and  going  carefully  over  the  various  battlefields, 
accompanied  by  the  members  of  the  National  Commission,  succeeded  in 
satisfactorily  locating  the  more  important  positions  occupied,  as  well  as 
in  determining  where  monuments  and  markers  might  be  appropriately 
erected.  The  result  of  their  labors  in  this  direction  was  made  the  subject 
of  a  report  to  His  Excellency  Governor  Hastings,  who  transmitted  the 
same  to  the  General  Assembly  with  the  recommendation  that  legislation 
be  enacted  providing  for  the  erection  of  monuments  on  the  field,  com- 
memorative of  the  services  of  these  organizations.  The  Legislature  at  its 
next  session  gave  approval  to  these  recommendations  by  passing  the  fol- 
lowing two  acts  of  Assembly: 

AN  ACT  making  an  appropriation  for  the  payment  of  the  expenses  of  the  Chickamauga- 
Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission  and  the  executive  committee  thereof. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  &c.(  That  the  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof 
as  may  be  necessary,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  specifically  appropriated  out  of  any 
moneys  in  the  State  Treasury,  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for  the  purpose  of  paying 
the  necossary  expenses  of  the  members  of  the  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields 
Commission,  the  executive  committee  thereof,  and  of  such  officers  of  the  State  of  Penn- 
sjlvania  as  may  be  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  "War  of  the  United  States  or  the  Na- 
tional Commission  to  represent  the  State  in  the  dedicatory  ceremonies;  the  said  commis- 
sion being  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  in  the  month  of  April,  in  the 
year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-four,  to  co-operate  with  the  commissioners 
of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Military  Park  in  correctly  locating  the 
positions  of  the  Pennsylvania  regiments  and  batteries  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga 
and  Chattanooga,  including  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  and  the  said 
executive  committee  thereof  being  a  part  of  said  commission  provided  for  by  an  act  of 
the  present  session  of  the  legislature.  The  said  appropriation  to  be  paid  on  the  warrant 
of  the  Auditor  General  on  a  settlement  made  by  him  and  the  State  Treasurer,  upon  spe- 
cifically itemized  vouchers  duly  verified  by  the  officers  of  said  executive  committee;  and 
unexpended  balances  of  the  sum  herein  appropriated  shall  revert  to  the  State  Treasury 
at  the  close  of  the  two  fiscal  years  beginning  June  first,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
ninety-five. 

Approved— The  3d  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1895. 

DANIEL  H.  HASTINGS. 


AN  ACT  to  provide  for  the  erection  of  monuments  to  Pennsylvania  organizations  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga,  Wauhatchie,  Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard  Knob,  Lookout 
Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Ringgold,  and  making  an  appropriation  therefor. 

"\\~hereas,  In  the  war  of  the  rebellion  seven  battles  were  fought  near  Chattanooga  in  the 
States  of  Georgia  and  Tennessee,  known  as  the  battles  of  Chickamauga,  Wauhatchie, 
Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard  Knob,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Ringgold. 

And  whereas.  The  Government  of  the  United  States  has  purchased  over  eleven  thou- 
sand acres  of  this  fighting  ground  and  organized  and  established  thereon  the  Chicka- 
mauga and  Chattanooga  National  Military  Park,  embracing  the  fields  of  the  aforestated 
battles,  and  has  invited  all  the  states  having  troops  in  those  battles  to  erect  monuments 
to  the  regiments  and  batteries  from  the  respective  states; 

And  whereas,  Many  of  the  states  have  already  made  appropriations  and  erected  monu- 
ments as  requested  and  all  arc  expected  to  do  so; 

And  whereas,  The  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  in  the  month  of  April  In  the  year  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-four,  responded  to  the  call  by  commissioning  a 
number  of  the  survivors  of  the  organizations  from  Pennsylvania,  participating  in  the 
said  battles,  t ••>  co-operate  with  the  National  Commission  in  correctly  locating  the  posi- 
tions of  Pennsylvania  regiments  and  batteries  in  the  said  battles;  , 

And  whereas,  The  said  commissioners,  by  direction  of  the  Governor,  met  and  organized 
on  the  fifteenth  day  of  May,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-four, 
in  the  Capitol  building  at  Harrisburg,  and  in  the  following  September  proceeded  to  the 
said  battlefields  and  in  co-operation  with  the  National  Commissioners  ascertained,  cor- 
rectly located  and  officially  marked  the  positions  of  the  Pennsylvania  organizations  in 


14  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

those  battles  with  locations  for  monuments  and  made  report  thereof  to  the  Governor,  who 
addressed  the  General  Assembly  on  the  subject  In  bis  annual  message  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  present  session,  therefore 

.•in  1.  LJe  It  enacted,  &<?.,  That  nninutUiiU-ly  after  the  passage  and  approval  of  this 
act  the  Governor  shall  appoint  an  executive  committee  of  seven  persons  from  amongst 
those  commissioned  In  the  month  of  May,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
ninety-four.  That  the  said  committee  shall  be  known  as  "The  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Chickamauga-Chattanccga  Battlefields  Commission."  That  the  Governor  shall  fill 
all  vacancies  occurring  in  the  said  committee,  and  it  shall  serve  without  compensation 
aad  Its  duties  shall  l>e  to  decide  upon  the  design,  materials  and  inscriptions  for  monu- 
ments to  mark  the  positions  of  each  Pennsylvania  command  on  the  battlefields  of  Chick- 
amauga,  Wauhatchle,  Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard  Knob,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary 
Ridge  and  Ringgold,  and  to  contract  for  the  construction  and  erection  of  the  said  mon- 
uments. And  when  such  monuments  shall  have  been  completed  and  erected  at  the  places 
selected  and  marked  by  the  general  commission  therefor,  the  Auditor  General  shall, 
upon  properly,  specifically  itemized  vouchers  to  be  presented  by  the  said  executive  com- 
mittee, draw  his  warrant  upon  the  State  Treasurer  for  the  sum  of  one  thousand  five 
hundred  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  for  the  payment  of  the  monu- 
ment of  each  of  the  seventeen  Pennsylvania  commands  or  organizations  participating  In 
the  aforesaid  battles,  and  the  sum  of  twenty-five  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  or  so 
much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  specifically  appropriated  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act;  and  unexpended  balances  of  the  sum  herein  ap- 
propriated shall  revert  to  the  State  Treasury  at  the  close  of  the  two  fiscal  years  begin- 
ning June  first,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-flve. 
Approved— The  Sd  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1893. 

DANIEL.  H.   HASTINGS. 

In  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  these  acts,  the  Governor,  on  the 
9th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1895,  named  the  following  members  of  the  Commis- 
sion to  be  the  executive  committee  thereof,  viz: 

Brev.  Brig.-Gen.  William  A.  Robinson,  Lieut-Col.  Seventy-seventh  In- 
fantry. 

Lieut.-Col.    Archibald    Blakeley,    Seventy-eighth    Infantry. 

Captain  George  W.  Skinner,  Seventy-seventh  Infantry. 

Lieutenant  Tlumas  H.  Rickert,  Quartermaster,  Seventh  Cavalry. 

Lieutenant  S.  W.  McCluskey,  Knap's  Battery. 

Lieutenant  Edwin  McC.  Boring,  Seventy-ninth  Infantry. 

Sergeant  J.  H.  R.  Storey,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry. 

At  an  early  date  after  its  appointment  the  executive  committee  met  at 
Altoona,  Pa.,  and  organized  by  the  election  of  Lieut.-Colonel  Blakeley,  as 
chairman;  Captain  Skinner,  as  secretary,  and  General  Robinson,  as  treas- 
urer. The  committee  went  vigorously  to  work  with  the  result  that  at  the 
beginning  of  the  legislative  session  of  1897,  its  members  were  able  to  re- 
port to  His  Excellency  that  their  labors,  so  far  as  the  erection  of  the 
monuments  was  concerned,  was  completed,  with  the  exception  of  monu- 
ments for  the  Seventy-third  and  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry.  The  battle 
lines  of  these  two  regiments  being  outside  of  the  limits  of  the  National 
Park,  their  representatives  upon  the  General  Commission  declined  to 
select  designs  or  locations  within  such  limits,  and  therefore  no  contracts 
were  made  for  the  erection  of  their  monuments,  and  consequently  their 
share  of  the  appropriation  for  that  purpose  lapsed  into  the  State  Treasury. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  at  some  future  time  the  money  for  this  purpose  will 
be  again  appropriated  in  order  that  the  two  gallant  regiments  named  may 
be  placed  upon  a  like  footing  with  the  other  Pennsylvania  regiments, 
which  saw  service  in  that  department  of  the  army.  Report  of  the  work 
of  the  executive  committee,  having  been  made  as  above  stated  to  Gov- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  16 

ernor  Hastings  with  the  recommendation  that  an  appropriation  be  made 
of  a  sum  sufficient  to  transport  the  survivors  of  these  regiments  to  the 
dedication  of  the  monuments,  he,  in  his  annual  message  to  the  Legislature, 
on  January  5,  1897,  made  special  mention  of  the  action  of  the  committee, 
and  cordially  approved  the  recommendations  made  by  it.  As  a  result,  the 
Legislature  of  1897,  in  a  spirit  of  generosity  and  patriotism,  promptly  en- 
acted the  following: 

AN  ACT  to  provide  transportation  to  and  from  Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  at  the  time  of 
dedication  of  the  monuments  of  the  Pennsylvania  regiments  and  batteries,  for  all  sur- 
viving soldiers  of  those  organizations  which  participated  in  the  battles  of  Chicka- 
tnauga,  Wauhatchie,  Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard  Knob,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary 
Ridge  and  Ringgold,  at  and  near  Chattanooga,  in  the  States  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia, 
in  September  and  November,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-three,  and  making 
appropriations  therefor. 

Whereas,  The  General  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  by  act  ap- 
proved July  third,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  ninety-five,  authorized  "The  Exe- 
cutive Committee  of  the  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commissions  to  decide 
upon  the  design,  materials  and  inscriptions  for  monuments  to  mark  the  positions  of  each 
Pennsylvania  command  on  the  battlefields  of  Chickamauga,  Wauhatchie,  Brown's 
Ferry,  Orchard  Knob,  Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Ringgold,  and  to  con- 
tract for  the  construction  and  erection  of  the  said  monuments,  and  making  an  appro- 
priation for  payment  therefor;" 

And  whereas,  Under  the  provisions  of  said  act  appropriate  monuments  and  tablets 
have  been  constructed  and  erected  under  the  superintendence  of  the  said  committee  for 
the  Twenty-seventh,  Twenty-ninth,  Forty-sixth,  Seventy-fifth,  Seventy-seventh,  Seven- 
ty-eighth, Seventy-ninth  and  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regiments  of  Pennsylvania 
Infantry,  and  for  the  Seventh,  Ninth  and  Fifteenth  Regiments  of  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry,  and  (Muehler's)  Independent  Battery  B,  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  and 
Knap's  Independent  Battery  E,  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  which  monuments  and 
tablets  have  been  accepted  and  paid  for  by  the  State; 

And  whereas,  The  monuments  and  tablets  for  the  Twenty-eighth  and  One  hundred 
and  forty-seventh  Regiments  of  Pennsylvania  Infantry  have  been  constructed  and  are 
now  being  put  in  position  on  their  respective  battle  lines; 

And  whereas,  The  people  of  this  Commonwealth  have  always  venerated  the  patriotic 
and  heroic  deeds  of  her  soldiers,  and  now  desire  not  only  to  commemorate  the  sacrifice 
of  the  fallen  heroes  of  the  Republic,  but  also  to  honor  the  surviving  veterans;  therefore, 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  &c. ,  That  the  Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  shall,  at  such 
time  as  he  shall  deem  best,  appoint  a  day  for  the  dedication  of  the  aforesaid  monuments, 
to  be  called  "Pennsylvania  Day." 

Section  2.  That  the  said  dedication  shall  be  under  the  control  and  direction  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  who  shall  also  take  charge  of  the  ceremonies  on  the  field. 

Section  3.  That  there  shall  be  provided  and  furnished  at  the  expense  of  the  Common- 
wealth to  all  surviving  honorably  discharged  soldiers,  resident  in  Pennsylvania  at  the 
date  of  the  passage  of  this  act  and  whose  names  were  borne  upon  the  rolls  of  such 
Pennsylvania  organizations  at  the  date  on  which  such  Pennsylvania  organizations  were 
engaged  in  the  hereinbefore  stated  battles;  such  transportation  to  cover  distance  from 
the  railway  station  in  Pennsylvania  at  which  such  soldier  lives  or  from  the  railroad  sta- 
tion in  Pennsylvania  nearest  to  their  places  of  residence,  by  the  shortest  and  most 
convenient  route  to  Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  and  return,  and  shall  be  so  arranged  as  to 
terms  of  passage  that  the  said  soldiers  shall  have  the  privilege  of  remaining  at  Chat- 
tanooga not  less  than  five  days. 

Section  4.  That  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Commonwealth  be  and  he  is  hereby  au- 
thorized, directed  and  empowered  to  provide  transportation  for  said  soldiers  by  railway, 
as  aforesaid,  to  and  from  Chattanooga,  and  for  such  transportation  he  Is  authorized  to 
pay  such  sums  of  morey  as  shall  be  agreed  upon,  not  exceeding  one  cent  per  mile.  And 
the  Adjutant  General  is  further  authorized  to  provide  such  blanks  and  establish  such 
rules  for  the  reception  of  applications  and  the  issuance  of  orders  for  transportation  as 
may  be  deemed  proper;  and  he  shall  take  the  necessary  means  to  give  publicity  to  the 
provisions  of  this  act  in  order  that  all  the  soldiers,  entitled  to  transportation  under  the 
same,  may  avail  themselves  of  Its  benefits. 

Section  5.  That  any  person  who  shall  personate  or  attempt  to  personate  any  soldier 
entitled  to  the  provisions  of  this  act  in  order  to  secure  transportation  under  this  act,  or 
shall  use  or  attempt  to  use  the  transportation  provided  for  any  such  soldier,  shall  be 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  more  than  one 
hundred  dollars,  or  be  Imprisoned  not  exceeding  one  month,  or  be  both  fined  and  Im- 
prisoned, at  the  discretion  of  the  court  before  which  conviction  is  had. 


16  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Section  6.  That  the  sum  of  twenty  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be 
necessary,  be  and  the  same  is  hereby  specifically  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  to  defray  the  expense  of  the  transportation  pro- 
vided for  in  this  act  and  the  necessary  expenses  incident  thereto. 

Said  appropriation  to  be  paid  on  the  warrant  of  the  Auditor  General  upon  the  requisi- 
tion of  the  Adjutant  General  drawn  In  the  usual  manner:  Provided,  That  the  Adjutant 
General  shall,  within  sixty  days  after  the  dedication  of  said  monuments,  file  with  the 
Auditor  Genei-al  specifically  itemized  vouchers  showing  the  detail  disbursements  under 
this  act.  And  unexpended  balances  of  the  money  herein  appropriated  shall  revert  to 
the  State  Treasury  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  May  thirty-first,  one  thousand 
right  hundred  and  ninety-eight. 

Approved— The  22d  day  of  July.  A.  D.  1897. 

D  A.NIEL  H.  HASTINGS. 

The  wisdom  of  the  Legislature  in  designating  Adjutant  General  Stewart 
to  perform  the  arduous  work  of  arranging  for  the  transportation  of  these 
surviving  veterans  was  soon  made  manifest  by  the  prompt  and  energetic 
manner  in  which  he  proceeded  to  carry  out  the  Legislative  intent. 

The  following  extract  from  his  annual  report  for  the  year  1897  will  afford 
some  idea  of  the  amount  of  labor  thus  imposed  upon  him,  viz: 


TRANSPORTATION  FURNISHED  HONORABLY   DISCHARGED   SOLDIERS  TO 
CHATTANOOGA,   TENN.,   AND  RETURN. 

The  last  General  Assembly  by  an  act  approved  July  22,  1897,  appropriated  "the  sum  of 
fvcnty  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary"  for  the  purpose  of 
furnishing  transportation  at  the  expense  of  the  Commonwealth  to  all  surviving  hon- 
orably discharged  soldiers  of  certain  Pennsylvania  commands  (named  in  the  act),  which 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Chtckamauga,  Wauhatchie,  Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard  Knob, 
Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Ringgold  in  1863.  I  quote  section  4  of  said  act 
showing  the  duties  imposed  thereby  upon  the  Adjutant  General: 

"Section  4.  That  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Commonwealth  be  and  is  hereby  au- 
thorized, directed  and  empowered  to  provide  transportation  for  said  soldiers  by  railway, 
"as  aforesaid,  to  and  from  Chattanooga,  and  for  such  transportation  he  is  authorized  to 
"pay  such  sums  of  money  as  shall  be  agreed  upon,  not  exceeding  one  cent  per  mile;  and 
"the  Adjutant  General  is  further  authorized  to  provide  such  blanks  and  establish  such 
"rules  for  the  reception  of  applications,  and  the  issuance  of  orders  for  transportation  as 
"may  be  deemed  proper,  and  he  shall  take  the  necessary  means  to  give  publicity  to  the 
"provisions  of  this  act  in  order  that  all  soldiers  entitled  to  transportation  under  the 
"same  may  avail  themselves  of  its  benefits." 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act,  I  formulated  the  necessary  blanks,  re- 
ceived the  applications  for  transportation,  issued  orders  therefor  and  audited  and  paid 
the  necessary  bills  incurred. 

The  following  statistical  information  will  no  doubt  be  interesting  to  many: 

Total  number  of  applications  received 1,644 

Duplicate  and  ineligible,   95 


Orders  issued  for  transportation. 

Orders  returned  unused,  

Orders  retained  by  applicants  and  not  used, 


Applicants  entitled  to  transportation,    1,549 


Total  number  of  orders  Issued  and  used 1,074 

Percentage  used  of  all  orders  issued,   69  1-3 

Total  cost  of  transportation $15,698.01 

Average  cost  per  rran,    14.612-3 

Applications  were  received  from  every  county  in  the  State,  except  Pike,  Sullivan  and 
Union  counties. 

Orders  for  transportation  were  issued  to  and  used  by  members  of  organizations  entitled 
thereto  as  follows: 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  17 

Twenty-seventh  Regiment,   Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry 18 

Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry 81 

Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,   62 

Forty-sixth   Regiment,    Pennsylvania   Volunteer   Infantry 69 

Seventy-fifth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry 18 

Seventy  seventh  Regiment,   Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,    63 

Seventy-eighth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,    171 

Seventy-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry Ill 

Eightieth  Regiment  (Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry),   105 

Ninety-second  Regiment  (Ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry) 120 

One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry 73 

One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry 78 

One  hundred  and  sixtieth  Regiment  (Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry),  77 

Muehler's  Independent  Battery  "B,"  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,    11 

Knap's  Independent  Battery   "E,"   Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery 27 


1,074 

As  a  still  further  recognition  of  the  services  of  our  Pennsylvania  troops 
on  these  fields,  the  Legislature,  at  its  recent  session,  passed  an  act,  ap- 
proved May  11,  1899,  by  His  Excellency,  Governor  William  A.  Stone,  pro- 
viding for  the  publication,  by  the  State  Printer,  in  book  form,  under  the 
direction  of  "The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Chickamauga-Chattanooga 
Battlefields  Commission,"  of  all  the  proceedings  attending  the  dedication 
ceremonies,  and  directing  how  the  distribution  of  the  same  should  be 
made.  The  duty  of  editing,  revising  and  classifying  the  material  neces- 
sary to  complete  such  a  work  having  been  assigned  by  the  executive  com- 
mittee to  the  secretary  thereof,  he  at  once  availed  himself  of  the  as- 
sistance of  Sergeant  J.  B.  Stauffer,  who,  as  a  clerk  in  the  Adjutant  Gen- 
eral's Office,  had  been  employed  by  that  official  in  connection  with  the  very 
arduous  labois  of  arranging  so  successfully  for  the  transportation  to 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  of  our  surviving  comrades  at  the  time  of  the 
dedication  ceremonies.  To  his  intelligent  labors  and  to  the  assistance  of 
General  Stewart,  he  is  largely  indebted  for  whatever  of  merit  may  be  at- 
tained by  this  publication.  Owing  to  the  very  great  difficulty  in  procuring 
accurate  reports  of  all  the  addresses  made,  several  of  which  were  largely 
of  an  extemporaneous  character,  and  owing  to  a  further  difficulty  in  pro- 
curing correct  photographic  views  and  certain  accurate  official  data  his 
task  has  not  been  a  light  one  nor  as  promptly  performed  as  he  had  hoped 
it  might  be  when  first  undertaken. 

Within  a  few  hours  after  bringing  this  preface  to  what  was  thought 
would  be  its  close,  and  just  as  about  to  pass  the  manuscript  into  the  hands 
of  the  State  Printer,  there  has  come,  with  all  the  force  and  pain  of  a  heavy 
and  sudden  blow,  the  intelligence  of  the  death  of  Lieutenant  Thomas  H. 
Rickert,  of  Pottsville,  Pa.,  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  charged 
with  the  preparation  of  this  work.  As  quartermaster  of  the  Seventh  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry,  and  afterwards  as  quartermaster  of  the  cavalry  division 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  he  was  well  and  favorably  known  to  all 
the  leading  officers  of  that  department.  He  was  one  of  the  most  genial  and 
companionable  of  all  our  Pennsylvania  comrades,  and  the  news  of  his 
death  must  have  occasioned  deepest  sorrow  in  many  hearts.  Less  than 
a  month  ago  he  had  written  a  merry,  pleasant  letter,  enclosing  the  photo- 


18  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

graph  of  himself,  which  will  appear  elsewhere  in  this  volume,  and  now  he 
is  numbered  with  the  great  army  of  cherished  and  well-remembered  dead. 

GEORGE  W.  SKINNER, 
Secretary,  Executive  Committee. 
Big  Cove  Tannery,   Pa.,  November  20,  1899. 


PENNSYLVANIA  COMMANDS  ENGAGED  IN  THE  BATTLES  OF 
CHICKAMAUGA,  BROWN'S  FERRY,  WAUHATCHIE,  ORCHARD 
KNOB,  LOOKOUT  MOUNTAIN,  MISSIONARY  RIDGE  AND  RING- 
GOLD. 

Twenty-seventh   Regiment,   Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Forty-sixth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Seventy-third  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Seventy-fifth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Seventy-seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Seventy-eighth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

Seventy-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry. 

One  hundred  and  ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. 

One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer 
Infantry. 

One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Vol- 
unteer Infantry. 

Seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry. 

Ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry. 

Fifteenth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry. 

Battery  "B,"  Twenty-sixth  Independent  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Light 
Artillery. 

Battery  "E,"  Knap's  Independent  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Light  Ar- 
tillery. 


(20) 


GENERAL  RECEPTION  COMMITTEES. 


CITIZENS'  COMMITTEE. 
F.  F.  Wiehl,  Chairman. 


Andrews,  Champ., 
Anderson,  Milton  J., 
Bennett,  F.  J., 
Biese,  C.  W., 
Boulden,  George  W., 
Burnette,  J.  H., 
Callaway,  R.  F., 
Condrey,  C.  C., 
Chamberlain,  H.  S., 
Clippinger,  D.  T., 
Dewees,  S.  T., 
Evans,  H.  Clay, 
Faxson,  Ross, 
Fox,  Fred.,  Jr., 
Gahagan,  A.  J., 
Giles,  D., 
Gordon,  C.  D., 
Griffiss,  John  C.,  Jr., 
Hughes,  D.  "W., 
Hulse,  A.  J., 
Jenkins,  A.  C., 
Kelly,  W.  D., 


Kendall,  C.  P., 
Kuster,  C.  E., 
Kline,  M.  M., 
Llewellyn,  M., 
Loop,  C.  L., 
Moyses,  Sol., 
McClatchy,  W.  P., 
Nicklin,  John  B., 
O'Connell,  D.  J., 
Patton,  George  W., 
Rose,  Henry, 
Rood,  F.  W., 
Sanders,  W.  W., 
Sharp,  Robert  S., 
Smith,  Samuel  Bosworth, 
Stewart,  T.  F., 
Thomas,  A.  R., 
Tyler,  F.  E., 
Wildman,  L.  D., 
Woodburn,  M.  A., 
Yeager,  F.  S. 


Bassett,  C.  T., 
Brown,  J.  J., 
Dillard,  E.  J., 


COMMITTEE  FROM  CITY  COUNCIL. 

McMahon,  T.  P., 
Twinam,  John. 


COMMITTEE  FROM  POSTS  2  AND  45,  G.  A.  R. 


Bathman,  Chris., 
Blacker,  Charles  B., 
Brannon,  Robert  E., 
Case,  Halbert  B., 
Cowdery,  Asa  A., 
Duncan,  S.  W., 
Eaton,  W.  T., 
French,  Walter  W., 
Cleaves,  Isaac  L., 


Hulse,  Albert  F., 
Lauter,  A.  Walter, 
Mack,  John, 
Norwood,   Charles  W., 
Seiters,  Henry, 
Thompson,  Wm.  B., 
Trindle,  John, 
Wallace,  Fred.  S., 
Walker,  John. 


(21) 


22  PENNSYLVANIAXAT 

COMMITTEE     FROM   N.   B.    FORREST   CAMP,     CONFEDERATE 

VETERANS. 

J.  L.  Price,  Chairman. 

Andrews,  Garnett,  Harkins.  W.  W., 

Dickinson,  L.  T.,  Middleton,  H.  M., 

Clift,  M.  H.,  Powell,  S.  F., 

Goulding,  B.  L..,  Russell,  Milton, 

Henderson,  E.  T.,  Smartt,  J.  P., 

Hill.  Thomas,  Shipp,  J.  F. 


OFFICIAL  RECEPTION  PROGRAMME 


MASTER  OP  CEREMONIES. 
Mayor  Ed.  Watkins. 

MUSIC   BY   ORCHESTRA. 

Chtckamauga  Battlefield   March, 
(Prepared  especially  for  the  occasion.) 

ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  STATE  AND  CITY. 
Mayor  Ed.  Watklns. 

RESPONSES. 
Governor  Daniel  H.  Hastings  and  Adjutant  General  Thomas  J.  Stewart. 

ADDRESS  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  TENNESSEE  O.  A.  R. 
Colonel  H.  B.  Case. 

RESPONSE. 
General  J.  P.  S.  Gobin,  Commander-ln-Chlef  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

ADDRESSES  ON   BEHALF  OF  THE  UNITED  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 

Captain  J.  F.  Shlpp. 
Colonel  L.  T.  Dickinson. 

RESPONSE. 

Captain   George   W.    Skinner,    Secretary   of  Executive   Committee  of   the 
Chlckamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission. 

At   the   conclusion   of    the   speaking,    Governor    Hastings,    Commander-ln-Chlef 
Gobln,   and  other  distinguished   visitors  will  hold  an   Informal  re- 
ception on  the  platform. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  23 


ADDRESS  OF  WELCOME  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  STATE 

AND  CITY. 


MAYOR  ED.  WATKINS,  Presiding-  Officer. 


YOUR  EXCELLENCY,  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  and  Staff,  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen: — It  is  my  pleasure  on  behalf  of  the  people  of  the 
State  of  Tennessee,  and  particularly  of  the  city  of  Chattanooga, 
to  extend  to  you,  our  distinguished  visiting  friends,  a  cordial  welcome. 

We  are  extremely  happy  to  have  you  with  us  on  this  occasion,  and  we 
trust  that  we  may  be  able  to  make  your  stay  pleasant  and  entertaining. 
We  cannot  more  fittingly  illustrate  the  pleasure  it  affords  us  than  to  say 
on  behalf  of  the  citizens  of  Tennessee,  that  we  are  a  younger  member  in 
the  sisterhood  of  states  and,  like  the  younger  children  at  home,  we  are  ex- 
tremely happy  to  have  our  older  brothers  from  the  great  Keystone  State 
with  us  on  this  occasion.  Younger  in  the  sisterhood  of  states,  however, 
we  say  to  our  older  brothers  that  when  the  next  quarter  of  a  century  shall 
have  rolled  around  it  is  our  purpose  and  determination  to  have  reached 
you  in  the  race  of  progress,  and  then  it  can  only  be  said  that  the  two 
greatest  states  of  the  Union  are  the  Keystone  State  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
the  Volunteer  State  of  Tennessee. 

Thirty  odd  years  ago,  when  many  of  you  were  here,  the  circumstances 
and  surroundings  were  vastly  different.  Martial  music  filled  the  air  and 
the  glitter  and  shine  of  musketry  was  seen  from  every  hilltop.  You  then 
captured  the  city  of  Chattanooga  by  force  of  arms,  but  to-day  you  have 
captured  her  through  the  avenues  of  that  common  loyalty  to 
the  National  Government  which  is  shared  alike  by  the  boys 
who  wore  the  blue  and  the  boys  who  wore  the  gray.  Dixie  and  Yankee 
Doodle  have  become  so  blended  into  each  other  until  it  takes  the  com- 
bined strains  of  music  emanating  from  both  pieces  to  constitute  the 
popular  national  air.  No  spirit  of  animosity  between  the  once  contending 
forces  exists  to-day. 

With  all  this  we  invite  you  to  feel  your  perfect  freedom  within  the  great 
city  of  Chattanooga,  because  we  have  the  most  chivalric  and  the  most 
generous  people  in  the  world.  Perhaps  you  may  not  understand  exactly 
why  I  should  make  this  assertion. 

In  the  early  days  of  Chattanooga  we  sent  missionaries  to  the  older 
states  and  gathered  from  their  midst  many  of  their  best  people  and  trans- 
planted them  into  Chattanooga— more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  of  our 
very  best  citizens  came  from  your  great  State.  Thus,  bringing  together 
the  very  best  people  from  various  sections  of  the  country,  we  have  built 


24  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

up  a  city  peculiar  to  itself,  and,  therefore,  as  the  municipal  head  of  the 
government,  I  am  happy  to  say  to  you  that  we  have  the  finest  people  in 
the  world.  Bright,  flashing  minds  from  different  sections  of  the  country 
have  rubbed  off  the  rugged  edges  of  sectional  prejudice  and  obstinate 
determination  and  have  left  the  polished  minds  of  the  most  loyal  citizens 
of  the  nation.  The  commingling  of  our  citizenship  in  this  manner  has 
blended  the  manners  and  habits  of  the  various  sections  into  a  cultivated 
harmony. 

It  is  said  on  a  public  occasion  of  this  kind  it  is  not  with  entire  good  taste 
to  render  an  apology  for  the  surrounding  circumstances,  but  I  am  con- 
strained to  override  the  rules  of  propriety  and  say  to  you  that  we  are 
extremely  sorry  that  we  have  not  present  on  this  occasion  the  Hon.  Robt. 
L.  Taylor,  the  distinguished  Governor  of  Tennessee,  in  order  that  he,  as 
the  head  of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  might  extend  to  you  a  welcome  which 
he,  in  his  inimitable  style,  alone  could  do.  He  Is  so  engaged  in  the  per- 
formance of  his  official  duties  that  it  is  impossible  for  him  to  be  with 
us.  Therefore,  in  behalf  of  the  good  people  of  Tennessee  and  in  response 
to  the  express  wish  of  the  city  government,  I  extend  that  cordial  welcome 
which  the  good  people  of  Chattanooga  extend  you,  also  on  behalf  of  the 
people  of  the  State  of  Tennessee. 

There  is  but  one  flag — the  flag  of  our  common  country,  which 
unfurls  itself  above  the  heads  of  the  soldiers  of  Pennsylvania  and  the 
soldiers  of  Tennessee.  Let  the  invader  who  seeks  to  destroy  our  national 
freedom  plant  his  footsteps  upon  this  continent,  and  the  boys  who  wore 
the  blue  and  the  gray  will  vie  with  each  other  as  to  the  extent  of  their 
loyalty. 

Therefore,  to  you  who  constituted  the  soldiers  of  the  Union  army  in  1863 
when  you  occupied  the  hills  and  hollows  which  surround  the  city,  on  be- 
half of  the  Confederate  soldiers  of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  I  tender  a  most 
hearty  and  cordial  welcome  on  this  occasion. 

Every  man  and  every  woman  in  the  great  State  of  Tennessee  echoes  the 
welcome  back  as  it  stretches  across  hilltops  and  valleys. 

With  pleasure  we  invite  you  to  visit  with  freedom,  the  historic  places 
and  spots  which  surround  our  beautiful  city.  We  ask  you  to  go  to  the 
crest  of  towering  Lookout,  which  lifts  its  peaks  above  our  city,  and 
there  witness  the  panorama  which  stretches  out  before  you,  and  which  Is 
unequaled  by  any  scenery  upon  the  American  continent. 

We  ask  you  also  to  visit  our  beautiful  cemetery  where  the  silent  dead, 
who  fought  for  their  country,  slumber  peacefully  in  Nature's  most  beauti- 
ful yard. 

We  invite  you  also  to  visit  the  historic  spots  on  Missionary  Ridge  and 
Orchard  Knob  and  there  behold  the  battle  ground  of  the  celebrated  battle 
of  Missionary  Ridge  between  General  Bragg  and  General  Grant;  but 
above  all,  do  not  neglect  to  follow  the  majestic  Tennessee  as  she  flows 
through  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  winding  her  way  onward,  in  order 
that  you  may  behold  the  prettiest  river  scenery  in  the  world. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  25 

I  am  not  unmindful  of  the  great  honor  that  is  conferred  upon  us  by  hav- 
ing this  distinguished  assembly  of  the  people  from  one  of  the  greatest 
states  of  the  Union  held  in  our  city,  and  this  reason  makes  us  all  the  more 
anxious  to  have  you  feel  and  enjoy  the  freedom  of  our  city  and  the  hos- 
pitality of  our  people. 

As  a  distinct  token  of  the  pleasure  and'love  which  we  maintain  for  you 
and  of  the  welcome  which  we  desire  to  extend  to  you,  I  herewith  hand  to 
your  Excellency,  the  Governor  of  the  great  State  of  Pennsylvania,  this 
key  with  the  National  colors  attached  thereto,  and  say  to  you  that  it  will 
unlock  to  you  every  privilege  and  every  right  and  every  pleasure  that 
Chattanooga  can  afford.  Its  size  is  emblematic  of  the  fact  that  in  order  to 
enter  the  hearts  of  the  good  people  of  Chattanooga  you  require  but  little 
force. 

Take  this  as  a  memento  of  that  warm  appreciation  which  we  have  for 
you  and  for  your  citizens,  and  make  your  stay  as  pleasant  as  possible. 


RESPONSE. 


GOVERNOR  DANIEL  H.  HASTINGS. 


M 


R.  MAYOR,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — We,  as  representatives  of 
Pennsylvania,  come  into  the  presence  of  this  splendid  representa- 
tive gathering  with  uncovered  heads  and  warm  hearts  to  return 
sincere  thanks  for  your  kindly  welcome.  We  are  here  on  a  mission  of 
love.  We  have  been  looking  forward  to  this  event  for  many  months.  We 
were  compelled  to  wait  till  the  government  provided  a  national  park. 
We  waited  till  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  provided  transportation  to  the 
scenes  of  your  conquest.  More  than  that,  Pennsylvania,  claiming  you  as 
children,  arranged  to  put  monuments  upon  the  field  to  be  an  everlasting 
memorial  of  your  valor  and  the  valor  of  your  comrades  who  fell  in  battle. 
We  wanted  to  visit  the  Centennial  but  were  warned  that  we  might  be 
endangered  by  yellow  fever;  we  had  to  husk  our  corn,  make  our  apple 
butter,  thresh  our  buckwheat,  get  our  winter  wood,  and  clothe  our  chil: 
dren  for  school.  We  could  not  come  sooner. 

Words  fail  me  to  tell  how  glad  we  are  to  be  with  you. 

We  are  perhaps  better  acquainted  with  each  other  than  with  the 
younger  generation.  When  these  old  soldiers  of  Pennsylvania  return 
they  may  tell  of  visiting  the  national  cemetery  and  finding  the  graves  of 
brave  men  who  fell  on  the  battlefields.  Mayhap  when  they  return  they 
may  have  to  tell  some  widow  and  orphans  the  old,  old  story.  No  one  can 
tell  who  ministered  to  your  loved  one  in  his  last  hours;  no  one  can  tell 


26  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

who  tenderly  laid  him  to  rest.    Loving  hearts  will  wonder  who  will  deck 
his  grave  with  flowers  and  bedew  it  with  tears. 

We  cannot  find  all  the  graves,  but  instead  we  can  find  representatives 
of  the  splendid  patriotic  people  of  Tennessee  who  will  send  their  love 
to  the  widows  and  orphans  of  Pennsylvania  as  we  bring  words  of  love 
to  the  widows  and  orphans  of  "those  who  were  our  foes. 

I  love  to  hear  your  mayor  say  what  he  did  about  this  splendid  city.  I 
believe,  strange  as  it  may  seem,  that  he  told  the  truth,  although  he  may 
be  a  politician,  which  I  believe  he  is  not. 

I  overheard  a  confederate  say  to  a  federal  to-day,  "You  won  the  law- 
suit." "Yes,"  was  the  reply,  "but  you  got  the  mule!" 

Whatever  may  have  divided  the  north  and  south,  the  east  and  west, 
we  are  to-day  the  greatest  people  on  earth;  under  this  beautiful  emblem, 
representing  one  united  country,  we  have  better  soil,  more  waterways, 
hotter  mineral  deposits,  better  educational  institutions,  better  clothes, 
that  fit  us  better,  better  food,  that  is  cooked  better,  better  wives  and  more 
politicians  to  the  acre  than  any  country  on  earth. 

Our  visit  here  on  this  occasion  will  mark  an  epoch  in  our  history;  the 
State  that  furnished  the  woman  who  made  this  beautiful  emblem  of 
liberty  and  equality— the  State  where  the  Declaration  of  Independence 
was  written,  where  the  Constitution  was  wrought— the  great  State  of 
Pennsylvania  would  take  you  up  as  a  younger  sister  and  say  to  you  as 
Ruth  to  Naomi:  "Where  thou  goest,  I  will  go;  thy  flag  shall  be  my  flag; 
thy  God  my  God." 

We  are  here  to  pay  tearful  tribute  as  you  have  often  paid  tribute  to 
your  beloved  dead— your  patriotic  dead.  For  I  am  free  to  say  it  would  not 
have  been  possible  to  have  gotten  an  appropriation  for  these  monuments 
had  we  not  been  met  by  foemen  worthy  of  our  steel. 

At  Appomattox  the  world  was  introduced  to  a  new  soldiery — the  Ameri- 
can eoldier — the  grandest  soldiery  in  the  world. 

All  over  this  Union  peace  reigns.  Let  us  foster  peace.  Not  in  the  sense 
of  blind  security,  but  an  intelligent  peace. 

We  are  your  older  brothers.  We  congratulate  you  that  you  have 
reached  a  century  of  prosperous  existence.  We  invite  you  native  Penn- 
sylvanians,  if  you  need  help  to  come  to  the  old  Keystone  State. 

In  conclusion  let  me  leave  this  sentiment  with  you:  Only  by  that 
American  patriotic  thought,  that  proud  devotion  that  should  be  given  to 
that  noble  emblem— only  as  we  bow  in  submission  to  that  emblem,  shall 
this  western  republic,  so  prosperous,  so  homogeneous,  be  assured  that  it 
'  shall  never  perish  from  this  western  world. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  27 


RESPONSE. 


BRIG.-GENL.  THOS.  J.  STEWART,  ADJUTANT  GENERAL  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


M 


R.  MAYOR,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — I  have  been  very  deeply  in- 
terested by  the  speeches  made  by  those  who  have  already  ad- 
dressed this  assemblage.  I  am  glad  to  know  that  the  best  people  in 
Tennessee  and  about  Chattanooga  are  the  good  people  who  came  from 
Pennsylvania  some  years  ago.  Pennsylvania  has  contributed  so  many 
good  people  to  the  various  states  of_the  Union  that  it  is  somewhat  strange 
that  we  have  such  a  goodly  number  of  good  people  still  left  in  the  old 
Keystone  State,  but  I  presume  so  long  as  states  are  admitted  to  the 
Union  and  so  long  as  good  people  are  wanted  to  build  up  commonwealths, 
Pennsylvania  will  be  called  upon  to  contribute  her  portion. 

Pennsylvania  comes  joyously  and  gladly  to  the  State  of  Tennessee  to 
place  upon  her  hills  and  in  her  fields  testimonials  in  granite  and  bronze 
to  the  heroism  of  Pennsylvania's  sons,  who,  not  only  on  the  soil  of  Ten- 
nessee but  on  the  soil  of  other  states,  stood  for  the  unity  of  the  Republic, 
the  honor  of  the  Nation,  and  the  glories  and  the  promises  of  the  Flag. 
Mountain  and  valley,  hill  and  field  round  about  tell  the  story  of  American 
valor  in  which  Pennsylvania  had  a  distinguished  part.  The  days  in  which 
they  wrote  the  heroic  chapters  of  the  nation's  history  seem  afar  off 
and  yet  quite  near.  A  new  generation  has  come  upon  the  scene  of  action 
since  these  fields  trembled  as  it  were  beneath  the  tread  of  hosts  of  armed 
men,  and  the  air  was  filled  with  the  sulphurous  smoke  of  battle.  The 
boy  born  after  the  conflict  that  raged  in  and  about  Chattanooga  has  for 
many  years  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  American  citizenship,  and  stood  side 
by  side  with  the  soldier  of  the  Republic  at  the  ballot-box,  and  yet  here 
to-day  assemble  the  men  of  Pennsylvania  who  carried  Pennsylvania's  flag 
in  the  Army  of  the  Union  in  the  60's — men  who  fought  at  Orchard  Knob 
and  on  Lookout's  height,  and  who  helped  to  carry  the  old  flag  above  the 
clouds. 

This  is  a  pilgrimage  of  peace.  On  the  fields  where  in  days  gone  by  the 
sons  of  Pennsylvania  met  enemies,  they  will  to-morrow  meet  friends. 
Not  a  hostile  shot  will  be  fired  on  the  hills  or  across  the  fields.  The  in- 
scriptions upon  the  monuments  that  pay  tribute  to  the  valor  of  the  Ameri- 
can soldier  will  be  read  by  "Yank"  and  "Johnny"  alike,  and  no  man  who 
wore  the  grey  or  the  son  who  may  be  at  his  side  need  blush  to  stand 
within  the  shadow  of  those  monuments.  The  story  they  tell,  the  valor 
they  commemorate,  the  tribute  they  pay  to  the  memory  of  the  men  whose 
doing,  daring  and  dying  on  these  and  other  fields  kept  the  land  united, 


28  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

will  teach  patriotism  and  honor  not  only  to  this  generation  but  to  all  the 
generations  that  shall  follow  in  the  progress  of  the  centuries. 

As  citizens  of  Pennsylvania  we  appreciate  the  warmth  of  welcome  given 
by  the  people  of  Tennessee,  but  amid  the  exceeding  great  pleasure  of  this 
occasion  there  is  a  tinge  of  sadness  in  the  fact  that  all  who  wished  to 
come  to  this  place  on  this  occasion  are  not  here.  Many  are  detained  by 
the  infirmities  of  age,  others  by  the  varied  misfortunes  of  life,  but  I  am 
sure  that  to-day,  in  Pennsylvania,  every  man  who,  in  the  days  of  war, 
trod  these  fields  will,  in  imagination,  follow  this  goodly  assemblage  of 
Pennsylvanians  and  the  people  of  Tennessee  to-morrow  to  the  various 
places  designated  for  ceremonies  in  the  unveiling  and  dedication  of 
monumental  tributes  erected  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  to  the  patriot- 
ism and  devotion  of  her  sons. 

Let  us  hope  that  the  land  now  united  may  be  brought  together  in  closer 
union  by  such  patriotic  gatherings  and  ceremonies  as  we  indulge  in  this 
night  and  will  indulge  in  to-morrow.  Let  us  hope  that  the  bond  between 
the  States  of  Pennsylvania  and  Tennessee,  already  strong,  may  bo 
strengthened,  and  that  the  tributes  paid  to  the  valor  of  the  American  sol- 
dier, whether  he  wore  the  blue  or  whether  he  wore  the  grey,  shall  make 
the  children  of  the  future  as  brave  as  their  fathers  were  in  the  past;  and 
let  us  also  hope  that  the  mistakes  of  men,  that  on  these  and  on  other  fields 
in  armed  conflict  were  corrected  to  their  national  betterment  and  in- 
dividual enrichment,  may  serve  to  keep  the  children  of  the  years  yet  to  be 
free  from  national  error  and  make  them  in  their  day  and  time  defenders 
of  the  flag  and  of  the  unity  of  the  Republic. 


ADDRESS— WELCOMING  THE  VISITORS  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE 
GRAND  ARMY  OF  THE  REPUBLIC. 


COLONEL  HALBBRT  B.   CASE,  COMMANDER  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  TENNESSEE 

G.  A.  R. 


COMRADES   from   Pennsylvania,  and  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — It  is 
with  profound  pleasure  that  I  am  permitted,  in  the  presence  of  this 
vast  audience  to  extend  to  each  and  all  of  you  the  hand  of  welcome. 
As  commander  of  this  department  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  I 
extend  to  you,  Governor  Hastings,  and  to  you,  Commander-in-Chlef,  and 
to  all  your  comrades  and  friends  from  Pennsylvania,  a  most  cordial  wel- 
come. 

Once  before  some  of  you  came  to  our  city  and  state.  We  were  then 
known  to  the  world  as  a  hospitable  people,  and  you  found  that  we  were 
Indeed  so.  True,  you  were  surprised  at  the  intensity  of  our  greeting  in 
those  days,  from  1861  to  1865,  and  at  the  kind  of  welcome  you  then  re- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  29 

ceived,  but  you  are  compelled  to  admit  that  it  was  sincere.    How  changed 
is  the  form  of  our  greeting  and  the  manner  of  our  reception  now.    Then 
we  welcomed  you  with  glistening  bayonets,  rattling  bullets  and  roaring 
cannon,  to  fields  of  blood;  now  we  bid  you  "turn  in,  and  tarry  till  night, 
and  wash  your  feet"  and  "we  press  you  gently  that  you  enter  in,"  and 
to-night  every  home  in  Chattanooga  is  your  home,  to  abide  and  to  arise 
and  go  hence  at  your  pleasure.    We  each  say  to  you: 
"You  must  come  home  with  me  and  be  my  guest; 
You  will  give  joy  to  me,  and  I  will  do  all  that  is  in  my  power 
to  honor  you." 

As  commander  of  this  department  I  extend  to  you  the  friendly  grasp 
of  38,000  citizens  of  Tennessee  and  their  children  and  friends  who  rallied 
to  the  support  of  the  same  cause  to  which  the  great  body  of  splendid  men 
from  Pennsylvania  rallied  in  those  dark  days  when  the  existence  of  this 
great  Republic  seemed  to  hang  in  the  balance  and  when  an  omnipotent 
God  alone  could  divine  what  was  to  be  its  destiny.  These  men  of  Tenn- 
essee marched  with  you  to  maintain  the  integrity  of  the  Union  and  to 
keep  unsullied  the  flag  of  the  Republic,  "that  this  nation,  under  God, 
might  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom — and  that  government  of  the  people, 
by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth." 

There  are  no  more  loyal  hearts  in  the  world  than  are  to  be  found  ID 
Tennessee.  These  lofty  mountains  and  fertile  valleys  are  to-day  per- 
meated with  a  spirit  of  loyalty.  Those  dread  years  of  fearful  conflict, 
when  the  children  of  a  common  parentage  paused  over  the  chasm  they 
had  created  between  the  two  branches  of  the  same  people  to  determine 
what  of  the  future,  seem  to  the  casual  observer  to  cast  a  shadow  over 
our  erring  brothers,  and  to  mar  their  reputation  for  loyalty  to  the  spirit 
of  liberty  and  equal  rights;  but  closer  observation  reveals  that  it  was  not 
a  want  of  loyalty,  but  a  want  of  judgment  as  to  its  application  that  led 
our  southern  brethern  to  their  determined  effort  to  change  the  destiny 
of  the  Republic. 

But  to-day  that  error  is  atoned  for  in  a  more  intense  loyalty  than  has 
ever  been  known  before,  and  if  the  time  shall  ever  come  when  our  tri- 
colored  banner  shall  need  defense,  or  the  Republic  call  for  brave,  true 
men  to  repel  from  our  shores  the  invading  hosts  of  a  foreign  nation,  or  it 
shall  become  necessary  to  rally  on  the  tented  field  to  preserve  civil  and 
religious  liberty,  the  brave  men  of  Tennessee,  both  the  blue  and  the  gray, 
will  be  found  vying  with  the  grand  men  of  Pennsylvania  in  deeds  of 
valor  and  courage.  You,  Commander-in-Chief,  have  no  more  loyal  cem- 
rades  to  obey  your  commands  than  you  have  in  this  department  of  Tenn- 
essee, and  when  the  time  comes  to  join  hands  in  the  common  cause  of  the 
Republic,  it  will  be  demonstrated  that  past  differences  are  forgotten  and 
that  we  are  one  united  people. 

We,  in  Tennessee,  without  regard  to  the  past,  yield  to  none  in  loyalty 
and  in  the  love  of  civil  and  religious  liberty. 

"We  l<ne  our  land  because  it  is  our  own, 

And   scorn    to    give    aught    other    reason    why. 
Would  shake  hands  with  a  king-  upon  his  throne, 
And  think  it  kindness  to  his  majesty." 


30  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

In  those  days  In  which  the  endurance,  courage  and  valor  of  the  sons 
of  the  Republic  were  put  upon  trial  as  never  were  like  qualities  of  a  com- 
mon ancestry  tried  before,  this  integral  part  of  the  Republic  known  as 
Tennessee  was  a  great  central  battle  ground  of  the  contending  forces. 
Two  hundred  and  ninety-eight  engagements  of  the  great  war  were  fought 
on  Tennessee  soil. 

The  citizens  of  every  state  in  the  union  lie  In  their  last  festing  place 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  State  of  Tennessee.  Seven  national  ceme- 
teries are  located  within  our  borders,  in  which  lie  upward  of  fifty-eight 
thousand  brave  men  who  came  from  every  quarter  of  the  nation  to  defend 
a  common  flag  that  civil  and  religious  liberty  might  be  handed  down 
the  cycles  of  time  and  preserved  for  a  thousand  generations  yet  unborn, 
but  who  went  not  back  again. 

Dwelling  in  such  a  land,  inspired  by  the  great  men  who  were  here  be- 
fore us,  cherishing  the  sacred  soil  in  which  sleep  so  many  of  your  com- 
rades and  of  ours,  we  say  to  you  in  the  beautiful  words  of  Thomas 
Davis: 

"Come  In  the  evening,  or  come  In  the  morning; 

Come  when  you're  looked  for,  or  come  without  warning. 

Blessings  and  welcome  you'll  find  here  before  you; 

And  the  oftener  you  come  here  the  more  we'll  adore  you." 

Again  I  say  to  you:  Welcome. 


RESPONSE. 


GEN.    J.    P.   S.   GOBIN,  COMMANDEK-IN-CHIKF  OF  THE  GRAND  ARM  Y  OF  THE  REPUBLIC , 


MR.  MAYOR,  Comrades,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:— I  am  very  grateful 
to  you  for  your  kind  words  of  welcome.  So  far  as  old  soldiers  are 
concerned  they  are  welcome  to  each  other  wherever  they  meet. 

In  this  State  of  Tennessee,  where  repose  fifty-eight  thousand  soldiers,  it 
will  always  be  a  pleasure  to  visit.  I  am  glad  to  be  in  the  best  state,  and 
the  best  city,  outside  of  Pennsylvania.  I  am  glad  to  be  with  you  and  re- 
ceive your  cordial  greetings. 

As  part  of  this  great  nation,  state  lines  are  obliterated.  It  is  Tennessee 
always;  but  as  a  part  of  the  great  American  nation,  state  lines  are  of  no 
consequence. 

I  am  pleased  to  note  the  cordial,  earnest,  sincere  spirit  of  comradeship 
that  is  growing  up  between  soldiers.  I  admire  a  fighter,  whether  in  civil 
or  military  life.  It  takes  fighters  to  govern  a  great  nation  like  ours. 

After  we  meet  here  in  friendly  greeting  let  us  not  go  home  discussing 
whether  it  is  better  to  live  in  Tennessee  or  Pennsylvania,  the  north  or  the 
south,  but  as  Americans,  representing  the  best  qualities  of  American 
manhood  and  womanhood,  let  us  be  Joined  in  true  citizenship  and  loy- 
alty forever. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  31 


ADDRESS   IN   BEHALF   UNITED  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 


CAPT.  J.  F.  SHIPP,  COMMANDER  OF  N.  B.  FORREST  CAMP  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 


M 


R.  CHAIRMAN,  Visiting  Comrades,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:— 
Through  the  kindness  of  the  local  committee  having  in  charge  this 
reception  in  honor  of  our  distinguished  visitors  from  Pennsylvania 
Colonel  Garnett  Andrews  was  to  have  delivered  the  address  of  welcome 
on  the  part  of  N.  B.  Forrest  Camp. 

I  have  been  absent  from  the  city  for  some  time  and  did  not  know  until 
late  this  afternoon  that  on  account  of  the  sickness  of  Colonel  Andrews  I 
had  been  selected  to  take  his  place  on  this  most  delightful  occasion. 

By  reason  of  the  short  notice,  lack  of  preparation  and  the  lateness  of 
the  hour  my  remarks  will  be  brief,  but  I  assure  you  most  cordial  and 
hearty. 

Were  I  prepared  to  make  a  speech  I  should  find  myself  embarrassed  in 
attempting  to  do  so  after  listening  to  the  fraternal  and  patriotic  addresses 
of  Governor  Hastings,  General  Stewart  and  General  Gobin.  Indeed  it 
•?/ould  be  unjust  to  this  intelligent  audience  for  me  to  mar  the  beautiful 
sentiments  so  eloquently  expressed  by  those  gentlemen. 

However  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  speak  a  word  of  welcome  as 
the  Commander  of  N.  B.  Forrest  Camp  of  Confederate  Veterans  and  ex- 
tend to  you  a  most  cordial  greeting  and  a  most  hearty  welcome  to  this 
historic  city  made  sacred  by  patriotic  blood  and  famous  by  American 
valor. 

I  reflect  the  sentiments  of  my  comrades  when  I  say  we  commend  your 
people  and  your  noble  Governor  for  their  generous  commemoration  of 
their  fallen  heroes  and  their  greatful  appreciation  of  their  surviving 
veterans.  It  is  the  highest  evidence  of  a  patriotic  citizenship. 

In  conclusion  I  wish  to  state  N.  B.  Forrest  Camp  is  keeping  open  house 
in  honor  of  our  visiting  comrades  and  friends.  You  are  all  cordially  in- 
vited to  call  at  our  rooms  No.  9  East  Eighth  street,  any  time  from  9.30 
in  the  morning  to  10.30  at  night.  You  will  find  a  committee  from  the 
camp  in  attendance  to  meet  and  welcome  you. 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


REMARKS. 


COL.  L.  T.  DICKINSON,   ADJ.,  OF  N.  B.  FORREST  CAMP,  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 


COMRADES  of  Pennsylvania:— I  wish  to  add  a  word  to  the  welcome 
extended  to  you  by  my  comrade  of  N.  B.  Forrest  Camp.  We  are 
pleased  to  have  you  with  us,  and  we  will  endeavor  while  you  are 
here  to  make  your  visit  pleasant,  and  if  we  succeed  it  will  afford  us  much 
pleasure. 

When  you  came  to  visit  us  thirty  odd  years  ago  we  met  you,  and  don't 
you  forget  it,  we  never  failed  to  meet  you,  and  we  have  no  complaint  to 
make  of  you  on  that  score  either,  and  we  gave  you  the  best  we  had  in  the 
shop.  To-day  \ve  meet  you  and  again  give  you  the  best  we  have,  but  it 
is  of  a  different  variety. 

Then  you  were  all  blue,  we  were  all  gray  and  a  dead  line  marked  the 
division.  Now,  thank  God,  we  are  all  both  blue  and  gray  and  the  dead 
line  is  wiped  out  forever.  For  we  who  wore  the  gray  now  wear  the  blue; 
we  have  taken  the  blue  back  into  our  colors:  we  are  blue  as  far  as  the 
hand  of  man  can  make  us;  but  look  over  the  uncovered  heads  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  the  uncovered  heads  of  the  United  Confed- 
erate Veterans,  and  you  will  see  that  the  withering  finger  of  time  has 
touched  us  and  we  are  all  gray,  a  different  gray  from  that  we  wore  from 
1861  to  1865, — a  gray  woven  by  a  Divine  hand.  Therefore,  we  are  all  blue 
by  the  hand  of  man,  but  we  are  all  gray  by  the  hand  of  God.  Thus 
united  by  all  that's  human  and  Divine  no  man,  no  set  of  men,  no  nation 
car.  put  us  asunder. 


RESPONSE. 


CAPTAIN    GEORGE   W.  SKINNER,  SECRETARY   PENNSYLVANIA    CHICKAMAUGA- 
CHATTANOOGA  BATTLEFIELDS  COMMISSION. 


MR.  CHAIRMAN,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen,  Comrades  of  the  Blue  and 
Gray:— I  esteem  it  no  light  privilege  to  have  been  designated  to 
reply  to  the  eloquent  addresses  of  welcome,  to  which  we  have  Just 
listened,  coming  from  the  lips  of  the  two  distinguished  representatives 
of  the  N.  B.  Forrest  Camp  of  Confederate  Veterans  of  this  city.    We,  of 
Pennsylvania,  who  have  come  here  this  week  to  formally  dedicate  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  33 

monuments  which  our  Commonwealth  has  erected  on  these  fields  to  the 
memory  of  those. of  her  sons  who  fought  here,  and  many  of  whom  died 
here  more  than  a  third  of  a  century  ago,  cannot  fail  to  appreciate  to  the 
fullest  extent  the  warmth  and  cordiality  of  the  greeting  extended  to  us 
by  the  men  and  women  of  this  beautiful  city,  not  only  as  testified  by  this 
magnificent  audience  of  thousands,  representing  the  best  citizenship  of 
the  great  State  of  Tennessee,  but  as  manifested  in  the  many  other 
courtesies  extended  to  us  on  your  streets,  in  your  public  places  and  in 
your  homes,  since  our  coming  into  your  midst. 

Especially  do  we  appreciate  the  cordial  greeting  of  these  Confederate 
veterans,  these  men  with  whom  we  once  contended  in  earnest  and  deadly 
battle  on  so  many  fields.  They  have  buried  the  bitter  memories  of  that 
great  fratricidal  strife  and  have  come  here  to-night  to  extend  to  us  a 
soldier's  welcome.  Those  of  us  who  stood  face  to  face  with  them  in  the 
heat  and  flame  of  the  great  battles  fought  here  in  the  fall  of  1863,  as  well 
as  in  all  the  other  great  struggles  of  that  greatest  of  all  civil  wars,  know 
something  of  the  meaning  of  the  words  "Confederate  Veterans,"  for  these 
words  tell  us  of  an  army  of  men  who  fought  as  bravely  and  desperately 
as  any  army  the  world  ever  saw.  Taking  into  consideration  all  the  dis- 
advantages under  which  that  great  struggle  was  maintained  on  the  part 
of  our  southern  brethren,  it  has  often  been  a  matter  of  wonder  and  even 
amazement  with  me  that  they  should  have  been  able  to  protract  the 
struggle  as  long  as  they  did.  With  an  army  less  brave  and  determined 
the  war  would  have  ended  with  the  reverberation  of  the  sounds  of  the 
last  gun  fired  in  the  decisive  battle  of  Gettysburg.  But  these  Confederate 
soldiers  seem  to  have  been  cast  in  a  different  mould  from  most  other  sol- 
diers, because  they  fought  on  with  desperate  courage  long  after  it  must 
have  been  known  to  every  man  in  the  ranks  that  success  was  utterly 
hopeless.  To  be  welcomed  and  greeted,  therefore,  on  an  occasion  like  this, 
by  so  many  of  the  surviving  representatives  of  an  army  of  men  so  dis- 
tinguished for  their  valor  is  as  great  an  honor  as  my  comrades  of  the 
Union  army  can  hope  to  have  accorded  them  anywhere,  and  I  feel  sure 
I  utter  the  sentiments  of  every  one  of  the  more  than  two  thousand  Penn- 
sylvania veterans  in  this  city  to-night  when  I  say  to  you,  Captain  Shipp 
and  Colonel  Dickinson,  and  to  your  comrades  of  the  Confederate  Veterans' 
Association,  that  we  feel  that  there  are  no  words  in  the  English  language 
strong  enough  to  express  our  entire  appreciation  of  this  honor. 

Mr.  Chairman:  I  confess  to  have  had  some  doubts  about  «my  own 
identity  since  I  came  into  this  hall  this  evening.  This  immense  audience  of 
handsomely  dressed  ladies  and  gentlemen,  these  beautiful  decorations,  the 
inspiringmusic,  and  above  all  else  this  mingling  of  the  north  and  the  south, 
"the  blue  and  the  gray,"  has  somehow  seemed  to  me  to  be  a  thing  unreal 
and  fanciful.  It  is  all  so  different  from  what  it  was  when,  as  a  mere  boy, 
I  tramped  into  your  city  for  the  first  time  on  the  night  of  September  20, 
1863,  coming  with  many  of  my  comrades  here,  weary  and  footsore,  and 
disheartened  from  the  scene  of  our  disasters  on  the  field  of  Chickamauga. 
Everything  is  so  different  to-night  from  what  it  was  on  that  memorable 
3 


84  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

night  that  one  might  easily  be  excused  for  not  wanting  to  credit  the  evi- 
dence of  his  own  senses.  Your  city  has  changed  wonderfully,  so  much 
so  in  fact  that  few  of  the  old  land-marks  in  the  shape  of  buildings  remain, 
and  your  people  have  changed  just  as  wonderfully.  You  meet  us  now 
with  friendship  and  smiles,  instead  of  hatred  and  frowns,  with  plenty  to 
cat  and  drink,  instead  of  trying  to  starve  us  out  as  you  attempted  to  do 
on  our  first  visit,  when  you  were  not  willing  even  that  we  should  maintain 
"a  cracker  line"  over  yonder  mountains.  And  what  does  it  all  mean? 
Why,  it  means  that  the  war  between  the  south  and  the  north  is  over,  that 
the  issues  that  led  up  to  that  war  are  all  dead  and  buried  out  of  sight  for- 
ever, and  that  we  are  now  a  great  and  strong  nation,  thoroughly  united  and 
welded  together  in  every  part,  and  ready  in  the  near  future,  I  trust  and 
believe,  to  take  the  place  designed  for  us  by  Almighty  Power  as  the  fore- 
most and  grandest  nation  in  all  the  world. 

In  closing  my  remarks  on  this  occasion,  may  I  not  express  the  hope  and 
belief  that  if  any  portion  of  our  people  should  again  be  called  upon  to 
take  up  arms  that  it  will  be  in  a  war  in  which  the  sons  of  the  Confederate 
veterans  and  the  sons  of  the  Union  veterans  can  march  shoulder  to 
shoulder,  and  under  the  same  flag.  United  as  this  country  now  is,  north, 
south,  east  and  west,  we  need  fear  no  foreign  foe.  As  Bismark  once  said 
of  the  great  German  Empire,  I  believe  we  can  now  safely  say  of  our  own 
beloved  country,  and  that  is  that  "We  need  now  fear  no  power  but  that 
of  God." 

After  again  thanking  you  for  all  your  courtesies,  I  desire,  as  secretary 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission, 
to  extend  to  you  all  a  cordial  invitation  to  join  with  us  in  the  various 
exercises  to  be  held  here  during  the  next  few  days,  not  only  within  your 
city  proper,  but  upon  the  field  of  Chickamauga,  and  at  all  other  points 
in  this  vicinity  where  our  Pennsylvania  soldiery  played  a  conspicuous 
part  in  all  the  great  struggles  fought  out  here,  so  near  to  your  homes,  so 
many  years  ago. 


CHATTANOOGA. 
PENNSYLVANIA    DAY. 


NOVEMBER  15TH, 
1897. 


(35) 


36  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


PENNSYLVANIA    DAY. 


CHATTANOOGA,  TENNESSEE,   NOVEMBER  15th,   1897. 

FRIDAY.   SATURDAY,  SUNDAY  AND  MONDAY  MORNING,  NOVEMBER 

12,  13,   14  AND  16. 

Will  b«  Devoted  to  Exercises  by  Regimental  Associations   In  the 
vicinity  of  their  respective  monuments. 

CEREMONIES  AT  ORCHARD  KNOB. 

Monday,   November  15,  2  P.  M. 

PRESIDING. 

Brevet   Brigadier  General   William   A.   Robinson,    Lieutenant   Colonel, 
Seventy-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

PRAYER. 
Rev.   Thomas  H.   Robinson,   D.  D.,  of  Pittsburgh,   Pa, 

MUSIC. 

Medley  of  Patriotic  Airs, 

By  Fifth  Regiment  Infantry  Band,  U.  S.  A., 

from  Fort  McPherson,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

TRANSFER  OF  MONUMENTS  TO  THE  GOVERNOR. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Archibald  Blakeley,  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania 

Volunteers,    President  State   Commission. 

MUSIC. 

Battle  Cry  of  Freedom, 
By  Fifth  Regiment  Infantry  Band,  U.  S.  A. 

ACCEPTANCE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYL- 
VANIA AND  TRANSFER  TO  THE  CARE  OF  THE  NATIONAL 

GOVERNMENT. 
Governor  Daniel  H.    Hastings. 

MU8IC. 

Marching  Through  Georgia, 
By  Fifth  Regiment  Infantry  Band,  U.  S.  A. 

ACCEPTANCE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  NATIONAL  GOVERNMENT. 

Hon.  John  Tweedale,  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Chief  Clerk, 

War  Department. 

MUSIC. 

Patriotic  Airs, 

By  Fifth  Regiment  Infantry  Band,  U.  S.  A. 

ADDRESS. 

General  Henry  V.   Boynton,   President  Chlckamauga-Chat- 
tancoga  National  Military  Park  Commission. 

MUSIC. 

Auld  Lang  Syne, 

By  Fifth  Regiment  Infantry  Band,  U.  S.  A. 
Remarks  by  Distinguished  Survivors  of  the  War. 

BENEDICTION. 

Rev.  J.  Thompson  Gibson,  D.  D.,  formerly  of  Seventy-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  87 


INTRODUCTION. 


BRIG.-GENL,  WILLIAM  A.  ROBINSON,  LIEUT.-COL.,  77TH  PENNA.  VOLUNTEERS. 


COMRADES: — We  meet  here  to-day  to  perform  a  sacred  duty.  Four 
years  ago  our  noble  Commonwealth  appropriated  money  and  ap- 
pointed a  commission  to  carry  on  the  work  of  erecting  monuments 
to  the  various  organizations  from  the  State  that  participated  in  the  battles 
around  Chattanooga.  To-day  at  the  call  of  the  Governor,  and  with  him, 
we  meet  that  we  may  dedicate  these  monuments  now  erected  to  the  mem- 
ory of  those  who  thirty-four  years  ago  fell  in  battle  on  these  historic 
grounds.  And  not  only  to  them,  but  to  you,  the  living,  do  we  dedicate,  to 
you  who  so  many  years  ago  stood  with  them  shoulder  to  shoulder,  offering 
your  lives  as  freely  as  they  in  defense  of  a  flag  which  represents  all  that 
is  dear  to  the  American  people. 

We  build  and  dedicate  to-day  so  that  our  children  and  our  children's 
children  in  all  the  future  may  know  what  it  cost  in  the  nineteenth  century 
to  preserve  and  hand  down  to  them  unsullied  so  priceless  a  heritage. 
Men  may  come  and  men  may  go,  generation  will  follow  generation,  while 
we,  my  comrades,  with  all  who  are  with  us  to-day,  shall  be  sleeping  as  our 
dead  comrades  sleep,  but  these  granite  rocks  will  stand  through  all  future 
time  to  tell  the  story  of  your  valor  and  sacrifices. 

Let  us  then,  as  we  to-day  consecrate  these  beautiful  memorial  stones, 
cherish  the  memory  of  those  who  fell  in  battle  as  well  as  those  who  have 
gone  from  us  since.  Let  us  keep  our  love  for  each  other  fresh  and  true 
and  ever  remember  that  the  God  given  rights  of  freedom  and  a  free  home 
are  ours  and  not  forget  the  compensation  that  always  follows  those  who, 
when  their  country  called,  came  to  its  rescue. 

And  now,  my  comrades,  in  behalf  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Com- 
mission, I  thank  you  for  your  presence  here  to-day  and  we  rejoice  with 
you  that  so  many  of  us  are  living  to  take  part  in  these  exercises. 

The  dedication  ceremonies  will  now  be  opened  with  prayer  by  Rev. 
T.  H.  Robinson,  D.  D.,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 


PRAYER.. 


REV.  T.  H.  ROBINSON,  D.  D.,  PITTSBURGH,  PA. 


ALMIGHTY  GOD,  Thou  art  the  King  of  kings,  and  the  Governor  over 
all  the  nations.    We  would  evermore  lift  our  hearts  in  prayer  and 
thanksgiving  to  Thee,  lover  of  men  and  Father  of  all  mercies. 
Especially  do  we  bow  before  Thee  this  day  in  praise  and  thanks  for  this 


461513 


38  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

great  land  that  we  are  permitted  to  call  our  own.  It  is  Thy  gift.  We  hold 
It  from  Thy  hands  and  under  Thee.  We  rejoice  In  its  length  and  breadth, 
in  Its  valleys  and  mountains,  its  fitness  for  the  abode  of  the  many  miHions 
of  Thy  children  now  within  its  borders  and  of  the  countless  millions  that 
will  here  find  a  home  in  the  coming  generations.  We  rejoice  in  its  plente- 
ousness,  in  its  works  of  industry  and  art,  its  wide  intercourse  with  the 
whole  brotherhood  of  mankind,  its  growing  richness  and  power.  We 
praise  Thee  for  its  happy  homes,  its  schools  of  learning,  its  just  and  wise 
laws  and  its  banners  of  peace.  We  thank  Thee  that  It  is  a  land  of  polit- 
ical and  religious  liberty,  a  land  of  Sabbaths  and  Bibles,  of  gospel  light 
and  of  holy  worship  to  Thee,  the  living  God. 

On  this  day  and  at  this  sacred  spot  our  minds  recall  the  sad  and  troubled 
days,  when  we  cried  to  Thee  amid  the  strangeness  and  perils  of  war,  and 
sought  the  favor  of  the  God  of  our  Fathers. 

We  remember  before  Thee,  the  great  Disposer  of  all  events,  the  strifes 
and  alarms  of  the  days  when  the  very  foundations  of  our  country  were 
shaken. 

Thanks  be  to  Thy  name  that  these  days  are  past.  Thanks  be  to  Thy 
great  goodness  that  Thou  didst  so  order  in  Thy  lofty  purpose  that  this 
nation  should  not  perish  from  the  face  of  the  earth.  Thanks  be  to  Thy 
name  that  men  were  willing  to  die  that  it  should  live. 

We  praise  Thee  for  the  men  who  on  this  sacred  ground,  where  we  stand 
to-day,  met  the  shock  of  battle,  and  here  gave  their  best  and  their  last, 
their  lives,  for  their  country.  We  remember  them  and  honor  them.  We 
would  have  our  children  and  the  nation  to  its  latest  generations  honor 
and  remember  them.  Let  the  monuments  that  are  lifted  above  their 
sleeping  dust  speak  through  the  coming  years  of  what  they  did  and  inspire 
all  who  look  upon  them  with  a  like  patriotic  love  and  devotion.  To  their 
memory  we  gratefully  dedicate  this  holy  ground  and  pray  that  Thy  lov- 
ing and  providential  power  may  preserve  it  from  every  111. 

Look  down,  O  Lord,  in  tender  grace  upon  the  men  who  still  survive  and 
who  were  in  the  heart  of  the  great  conflict.  Bless  them  and  bless  their 
homes  with  every  needed  good. 

Bless  the  whole  country,  O  God.  Thou  dost  shut  none  out  of  Thine  in- 
finite heart.  They  are  all  Thy  children.  They  are  our  brothers,  and  as 
we  love  Thee  we  would  love  them  all.  Fill  our  hearts  with  the  charity 
of  Him  who  died  for  us  all. 

Thanks  be  to  Thee,  O  God  most  high,  for  an  undivided  land  and  a 
united  people.  Thou  hast  given  us  peace;  grant  us  also  unity,  stability 
and  brotherly  concord.  Preserve  us  from  all  alienations.  Let  the  nation 
never  forget  O  God,  how  much  it  owes  to  Thee. 

So  order  and  settle  all  things  in  Thy  wise  governance,  that  truth  and 
Justice,  happiness  and  peace,  may  be  established  among  us  for  all  gen- 
erations. 

May  the  blessings  of  a  pure  trust  in  Thee  reach  every  household,  and 
the  grace  that  bringeth  salvation  come  into  every  heart  and  life, 
through  Jesus  Christ,  our  Lord  and  Saviour.  Amen. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


TRANSFER   OF   THE   MONUMENTS   TO   THE    GOVERNOR   OF 
THE  COMMONWEALTH  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


LIEUT. -Cot.  ARCHIBALD  BLAKELY. 


M 


R.  PRESIDENT  :-There  is  but  one  Chattanooga,  and  we  are  in  it 
to-day.  We  are  on  Orchard  Knob,  one  of  the  many  historic  heights 
which  surround  the  growing  city  now  clustering  around  their  feet. 
We  are  in  the  centre  of.a  panorama  in  which  nature  exhibits  her  works  in 
awe  inspiring  and  majestic  grandeur,  bedecked  with  scenes  of  ineffable 
beauty,  peaceful  as  peace  and  noiseless  as  the  footsteps  of  time!  We  are 
on  sacred  ground  where  Grant  and  Thomas  trod  with  giant  tread  the 
mountain  paths  of  the  art  of  war  and  of  military  science. 

In  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  from  September  10  to  November  27,  1863, 
over  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  armed  men  of  the  armies  of  the  north 
and  of  the  armies  of  the  south  engaged  in  a  death  struggle  over  these 
lofty  mountains  and  rugged  ridges,  along  these  undulating  valleys  and 
plains,  on  the  murky  banks  of  the  dark  Chickamauga,  and  by  the  spark- 
ling waters  of  the  beautiful  Tennessee.  This  contest  was  made  for  the 
possession  of  Chattanooga,  the  geographical  center  of  the  Southern  Con- 
federacy and  the  gateway  to  the  central  south.  Battles  were  fought  at 
Chickamauga,  Wauhatchie,  Brown's  Ferry,  Orchard  Knob,  Missionary 
Ridge  and  Ringgold,  all  resulting  in  victories  for  the  Union  arms.  The 
fields  of  these  battles,  except  Ringgold  and  part  of  Chickamauga  are 
within  the  range  of  our  eyes  from  where  we  now  stand. 

Governor  Hastings,  we  are  here  to-day,  because  in  that  memorable  con- 
test the  sons  of  Pennsylvania  were  here;  they  were  here  in  all  arms  and 
all  grades  of  the  land  service;  twelve  regiments  of  infantry,  three  regi- 
ments of  cavalry  and  two  companies  of  artillery.  The  government  of  the 
United  States  purchased  and  acquired  jurisdiction  over  the  greater  part 
of  these  battlefields  and  has  marked  upon  them  the  battle  lines  and  po- 
sitions of  all  troops  of  both  armies  and,  as  object  lessons,  they  are  now 
being  visited  and  studied  by  historical  and  military  students  of  our  own 
and  foreign  countries.  In  the  prosecution  of  this  great  work  a  Commis- 
sion was  organized  and  the  grounds  denominated  "The  Chickamauga  and 
Chattanooga  National  Military  Park,"  and  invitations  were  extended  to  all 
the  States,  north  and  south,  having  troops  in  these  battles,  to  erect  upon 
their  respective  battle  lines,  monuments  in  commemoration  of  their  ser- 
vices and  for  the  perpetuation  of  the  memory  of  them  for  all  time.  Gover- 
nor Pattison,  your  predecessor  in  office,  responded  to  this  call  by  appointing 
a  Commission  of  one  hundred  of  the  survivors  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops 
engaged  here,  with  instructions  to  visit  these  fields,  ascertain,  locate  and 


40  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

mark  their  respective  battle  lines.  This  work  was  accomplished  by  that 
Commission  three  years  ago  last  September.  On  making  its  report  the 
Legislature  of  our  Commonwealth  enacted  a  law  authorizing  the  construc- 
tion of  a  monument  upon  the  battle  line  of  each  Pennsylvania  organiza- 
tion and  appropriating  money  therefor.  The  Legislature  also  authorized 
and  directed  the  appointment,  by  the  Governor,  of  an  executive  committee 
of  seven  out  of  the  one  hundred  commissioners,  to  direct  and  superintend 
the  work  authorized  to  be  done.  These  bills  receiving  your  approval, 
you  appointed  John  H.  R.  Storey  of  our  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry; 
Sylvester  W.  McCiuskey  of  our  Forty-sixth  Light  Artillery;  Thomas  H. 
Rickert,  of  our  Seventh  Cavalry;  Edwin  McC.  Boring  of  our  Seventy- 
ninth  Infantry;  William  A.  Robinson  and  George  W.  ;-..Klnner  of  our  Sev- 
enty-seventh Infantry,  and  myself  of  our  Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  to  be 
known,  as  designated  by  the  bill,  "The  Executive  Committee  of  theChick- 
amauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission."  Within  a  week  after  our 
appointment,  in  July  of  1895,  your  committee  organized  and  from  that 
time  until  the  present  day  have  diligently  prosecuted  the  work  entrusted 
to  its  hands.  And  although  beset  with  many  vexatious  questions  and  de- 
lays it  has  been  to  us  a  labor  of  love,  and  the  work  being  finished  we  are 
here  to  tender  and  turn  over  to  you,  as  the  Governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth, the  monuments  constructed  under  our  superintendence.  It  is 
regrettable,  however,  to  have  to  say  that  no  monuments  have  been  erected 
for  the  Seventy-third  and  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry.  The  principal 
battle  line  of  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  Infantry  was  at  Ringgold  outside 
of  the  present  limits  of  the  National  Military  Park.  The  Seventy-third 
Infantry  fought  a  battle  which  brought  renown  upon  itself  and  upon  our 
arms  at  a  position  well  out  towards  the  north  point  of  Missionary  Ridge, 
being  also  outside  of  the  present  limits  of  the  National  Military  Park. 
The  representatives  of  the  organizations  of  the  survivors  of  these  regi- 
ments refused  to  have  their  monuments  erected,  except  upon  their  battle 
lines,  and,  inasmuch,  if  erected  there,  they  would  not  be  entitled  to  the 
protection  of  the  Park  Commissioners,  they  declined  to  have  them  erected 
under  existing  conditions. 

True,  under  the  law  we  had  the  right  to  erect  them,  but  from  the  begin- 
ning, knowing  how  near  and  dear  this  work  was  to  the  hearts  of  the  sur- 
vivors of  our  Pennsylvania  organizations,  we  determined  to  act  in  concert 
with  those  organizations  and  have  done  so  throughout,  therefore,  yielding 
to  the  desires  of  the  representatives  of  the  Seventy-third  and  the  One 
hundred  and  ninth,  their  monuments  have  not  been  erected. 

But  we  have,  as  you  have  seen,  along  the  northern  base  of  Orchard 
Knob,  monuments  to  our  Twenty-seventh,  Forty-sixth  and  Seventy- 
fifth  Infantry  and  to  Battery  E  of  our  Forty-sixth  Light  Ar- 
tillery, commonly  known  as  Knap's  Battery.  And,  true,  these  monuments 
are  not  upon  the  technical  and  actual  battle  lines  where  the  organizations 
respectively  fought,  especially  so  with  reference  to  Knap's  Battery,  which 
won  fame  and  victory  in  the  bloody  midnight  fight  at  Wauhatchie.  But 
In  a  larger,  more  comprehensive  and  better  sense  these  monuments  are 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  41 

upon  their  battle  lines  and  their  battlefield,  for  the  whole  territory  from 
Wauhatchie  on  the  west,  to  Ringgold  on  the  east,  and  from  the  Pigeon 
Mountains  on  the  south  to  the  north  point  of  Missionary  Ridge  on  the 
north,  is  a  battle  line  and  a  battlefield,  on  which  men  fought,  men  bled, 
and  men  died. 

And  now,  casting  the  eye  to  Lookout  Mountain,  we  see  upon  the  slope 
of  the  north  point  above  the  Craven  House,  the  monuments  to  our  Twen- 
ty-eighth and  One  hundred  and  Forty-seventh  Infantry  on  their  battle 
lines  as  they  swept  around  that  mountain  point  driving  the  enemy  before 
them  inch  by  inch  from  his  well  chosen  line  of  defense.  And  away  up  in 
those  dark,  overhanging  and  frowning  rocks  constituting  the  "Lookout" 
of  the  monster  mountain  we  have  imbedded  in  them,  bronze  tablets  as 
monuments  to  our  Twenty-ninth  and  one  One  hundred  and  eleventh  In- 
fantry, marking  the  positions  attained  by  them,  higher  than  those  of  any 
other  troops,  in  that  wonderful  assault  upon  Lookout  Mountain,  known 
the  world  over  as  "The  Battle  Above  the  Clouds." 

Turning  eastward  across  the  Chattanooga  Valley  and  Missionary  Ridge, 
to  the  field  of  Chickamauga  at  a  point  between  Battlefields  Station  and 
the  Bloody  Pond,  we  have  the  monument  to  our  Fifteenth  Cavalry,  on 
ground  where  it  made  a  heroic  but  unsuccessful  struggle  under  the  eye 
and  personal  direction  of  General  Rosecrans  to  rally  the  broken  right 
wing  of  our  army  on  Sunday  morning  of  the  Chickamauga  fight.  This 
regiment  was  known  as  the  "Anderson  Cavalry,"  named  in  honor  of 
General  Robert  Anderson,  the  hero  of  Fort  Sumter,  and  the  first  general 
commander  of  Union  troops  in  Kentucky. 

Passing  the  Bloody  Pond,  the  site  of  the  Widow  Glenn  House  and  the 
Wilder  column,  we  have  on  the  Crawfish  Springs  road  the  monument  to 
our  Ninth  Cavalry  on  ground  where  that  regiment,  as  on  many  other  hard 
contested  fields,  rendered  notable  and  efficient  service.  This  regiment  was 
known  as  the  "Lcchiel  Cavalry,"  so  named  in  honor  of  our  renowned 
Pennsylvania  senator  and  statesman,  the  Honorable  Simon  Cameron. 

And  now,  eastwardly  to  the  Chickamauga,  at  Reed's  Bridge,  we  have 
the  monument  to  our  Seventh  Cavalry  at  a  point  where  it  made  de- 
termined resistance  to  the  crossing  of  the  Chickamauga  by  the  troops  of 
the  enemy,  giving  our  commanders  several  hours  of  much  needed  time 
to  form  for  the  impending  battle.  This  regiment  was  familiarly  known 
'as  the  "Sabre  Regiment,"  so  named  and  known  on  account  of  its  fighting 
with  the  sabre  instead  of  the  carbine.  The  position  of  this  regiment  as  its 
monument  shows,  was  farther  east  than  that  of  any  other  organization 
tn  the  Chickamauga  battle. 

Coming  westward  into  the  grounds  occupied  by  the  infantry  lines,  we 
have  the  monument  to  our  Seventy-seventh  Infantry,  also  farther  east 
and  farther  into  the  enemy's  lines  than  any  other  infantry  organization. 
The  monument  is  on  the  ground  of  the  celebrated  Saturday  night  fight, 
in  which  this  regiment,  cut  off  from  its  line  and  surrounded  by  superior 
numbers,  fought  a  "lone"  battle,  inflicting  heavy  loss  on  the  enemy  but 
losing  in  killed,  wounded  and  captured  almost  its  entire  strength.  A 


42  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

bronze  panel  in  the  face  of  the  monument  gives  a  vivid  picture  of  this 
strange  engagement. 

Then  passing  up  to  the  bloody  line  on  the  Kelly  farm,  we  have  the  monu- 
ment to  our  Seventy-ninth  Infantry,  on  ground  held  by  it  in  a  hard  fought 
battle  from  Sunday  morning  until  Sunday  evening.  This  regiment  was 
mostly  from  Lancaster  county,  and  its  survivors  and  the  citizens  of  that 
county  supplemented  the  State  appropriation  and  placed  upon  their 
monument  a  bronze  group  representing  the  death  of  their  young  color 
bearer  as  the  colors  fell  from  his  hands  and  were  caught  by  the  color 
guard  as  the  brave  Lancaster  boy  went  down  in  death. 

Passing  from  the  Kelly  to  the  Brotherton  farm,  we  have  the  monument 
to  Battery  B  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Light  Artillery,  commonly  known  as 
"Muehler's  Battery,"  on  one  of  its  many  battle  lines,  in  the  Brotherton 
field,  between  the  Brotherton  house  and  the  Brotherton  woods. 

And  passing  on  towards  the  Bloody  Pond  to  the  Brotherton  woods,  we 
have  in  the  now  quiet  and  peaceful  shades  of  that  forest  the  monument  to 
our  Seventy-eighth  Infantry  on  a  battle  line  taken  and  held  by  it  under 
fire  from  three  o'clock  on  Saturday  until  nine  and  a  half  o'clock  on  Sun- 
day morning  of  the  Chickamauga  battle,  when  it  was  ordered  to  other 
positions  on  the  field.  Tablets  and  markers  have  also  been  set  showing 
other  positions  held  on  these  fields  by  the  troops  from  our  State. 

Thus,  you  see  that  the  men  of  Pennsylvania  covered  this  entire  arena 
of  battle.  In  justice  to  our  Commonwealth,  I  should  add,  what  is  well 
known  history t  the  assault  on  Lookout  Mountain  was  led  by  one  of  Penn- 
sylvania's greatest  warriors,  John  W.  Geary.  Also  that  the  Seventy- 
eighth  Pennsylvania  was  the  first  regiment  to  cross  the  Lookout  Mountain 
into  the  Chickamauga  valley  and  received  and  delivered  the  first  shots 
flred  in  the  three  month's  fight  on  the  10th  of  September,  1863,  at  Dug 
Gap  In  the  Pigeon  Mountains,  and  that  the  parting  shots  in  the  great  con- 
flict were  delivered  by  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  with 
other  Pennsylvania  troops  under  our  brave  Geary  as  they  poured  their 
volleys  into  the  fleeing  army  of  'Braxton  Bragg  at  Ringgold  in  the  clos- 
ing days  of  November. 

Before  concluding,  our  committee  and  our  Commission  tender  our 
thanks  to  the  regimental  organizations  for  their  efficient  and  intelligent 
help  and  co-oreration.  We  must  also  thank  Captain  F.  F.  Wiehl  and  the 
Honorable  H.  Clay  Evans,  natives  of  Pennsylvania,  now  residents  of ' 
Chattanooga.  Whenever  we  came  here  they  dropped  all  other  duties  to 
facilitate  our  labors  and  make  our  visits  pleasant  and  enjoyable.  And 
the  thanks  of  the  committee,  the  Commission,  the  survivors  of  these 
battles,  and  of  all  the  people  of  our  Commonwealth  are  due  to  our  intelli- 
gent, great-hearted  and  accomplished  Adjutant  General,  Thomas  J.  Stew- 
art, for  his  masterly  execution  of  the  laws  for  the  transportation  of  the 
Governor,  his  staff,  the  Legislative  committee  and  these  old  soldiers  to  this 
dedication.  And  to  you,  Governor  Hastings,  we  are  deeply  indebted  for 
your  courtesies,  your  counsel  and  your  help.  On  two  occasions  you  turned 
aside  from  the  important  duties  of  your  high  office,  came  with  us  and 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  43 

travelled  over  these  fields,  giving  us  the  benefit  of  your  counsel  and  cheer- 
ing us  on  to  the  successful  completion  of  our  work.  When  the  coming 
years  have  wrinkled  your  brow  and  whitened  your  head,  and  you  draw 
your  mantle  around  you,  awaiting  the  last  call  from  the  great  Trinity  of 
your  faith  and  your  religion,  there  is  a  trinity  of  words  which,  sounded 
in  your  ears,  will  quicken  your  slow  pulse  and  strengthen  your  weak  heart 
beats— Johnstown— Chickamauga— Chattanooga. 

Our  thanks  are  due  and  we  tender  them  most  cheerfully  to  Edward 
Everett  Betts,  the  painstaking  and  skillful  engineer  of  this  National  Mili- 
tary Park. 

From  the  time  that  General  Henry  V.  Boyntonj  the  Chairman  of 
the  National  Commission,  fought  and  bled  on  these  fields,  he  has 
made  them  a  study,  and  in  addition  to  his  other  world-wide  attainments, 
he  knows  more  of  the  battle  lines,  the  positions  and  manoeuvres  of  the 
troops  engaged  here  than  any  other  living  man.  When  our  Commission 
came  here  three  years  ago  last  September,  he  met  us  with  that  modesty 
which  characterizes  all  that  he  does,  and  laid  all  his  knowledge  of  these 
fields  at  ouv  feet,  and  from  that  day  to  this,  whether  here  or  in  Washing- 
ton, or  in  the  retirement  of  his  summer  home  on  the  sea  coast,  all  ques- 
tions, all  queries  have  been  promptly  answered,  and  we  feel  and  know 
that  without  his  help  our  work  would  have  been  a  failure.  Our  thanks 
and  the  thanks  of  all  our  people  are  due  and  are  hereby  tendered  to  him. 

And  to  the  secretary  of  the  Commission,  Major  Frank  G.  Smith,  we 
tender  our  thanks,  for  we  and  his  country  have  found  him  in  peace  and 
in  war  faithful  in  all  things. 

We  must  also  congratulate  the  commission  on  the  recent  acquisition  to 
its  force  of  the  distinguished  soldier,  scholar  and  citizen,  Colonel  Henry 
M.  Duffield. 

To  General  A.  P.  Stewart  and  Mr.  J.  P.  Smartt,  representing  the  Con- 
federate side  of  this  Park  Commission,  we  are  indebted  for  courtesies 
and  kindness  which  prove  that  with  them  the  bloody  chasm  has  not  been 
bridged,  closed  or  healed  but  annihilated. 

We  had  expected  to  come  to  this  dedication  with  words  of  praise  and 
thankful  hearts  to  one  whose  ears  to-day  are  deaf  in  death.  Away  out  on 
his  native  Sciota  hills,  the  rustling  autumn  leaves  cover  the  green  grave 
of  General  James  S.  Fullerton.  From  the  organization  of  the  Commis- 
sion of  this  National  Military  Park,  until  his  tragic  death  this  summer 
amongst  the  fatal  cliffs  and  waters  of  the  Youghiogheny,  he  was  its 
chairman.  General  Fullerton  was  cast  in  a  great  mould,  with  a  great 
mind  in  a  large  head,  and  a  great  heart  in  a  large  body.  In  all  the  re- 
lations of  life,  military,  civil,  social,  as  citizen,  son,  father,  husband  and 
brother,  his  work  in  life  was  conspicuous  and  merited,  as  it  received, 
the  praise  of  all.  He  was  the  incarnation  of  enthusiasm.  He  was  always 
with  us  when  we  came  upon  these  fields,  and  in  describing  them  and  help- 
ing us  mark  our  lines  his  enthusiasm  was  irresistible.  He  never  seemed 
to  know  or  to  consider  an  obstacle;  success  was  ever  before  his  eyes,  and 
forgetting  all  else  he  reached  out  for  success  and  victory.  In  battle  his 
enthusiasm  and  determination  especially  marked  him  as  he  hurried  the 
4 


44  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

legions  of  Gordon  Granger  to  the  salvation  of  Thomas'  right,  when  struck 
by  Longstreet's  corps  on  Sunday  afternoon  of  the  Chickamauga  battle. 
When  this  miraculous  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  was  fought,  that  ridge 
now  before  us  was  covered  by  the  Confederate  army  from  base  to  sum- 
mit, and  from  near  Rossville  Gap  to  Tunnel  Hill,  a  distance  of  about  four 
miles.  General  Sherman's  troops  lay  across  the  ridge  on  Bragg's  right 
flank,  where  he  fought  hard  to  turn  it  but  failed.  General  Hooker  had 
crossed  from  Lookout  and  enveloped  Bragg's  left  flank  at  Rossville  Gap, 
but  failed  to  turn  it.  We  were,  in  the  closing  hours  of  the  day,  without 
results.  General  Grant,  standing  on  this  Knob,  ordered  General  Thomas, 
who  stood  beside  him,  to  make  a  demonstration  on  Bragg's  front,  and 
take  his  rifle  pits  and  works  at  the  base  of  the  ridge. 

The  troops  of  General  Thomas  lay  upon  these  plains  fronting  the  army 
of  Bragg  on  the  Ridge. 

General  Thomas  ordered  forward  near  one  hundred  regiments,  a  charg- 
ing line  of  nearly  three  miles  front. 

With  slow  and  measured  step  at  first,  but  quickening  under  the  thunder 
tones  of  the  artillery  of  both  armies,  they  broke  into  a  quick,  then  a  double 
quick,  then  a  run— the  works  at  the  base  were  taken,  and  then  on  and  up 
with  the  energy  of  infuriated  manhood! 

It  is  said  of  General  Fullerton,  then  on  staff  duty,  that  seeing  a  halt 
would  be  a  defeat,  and  seizing  the  supreme  moment  of  a  supreme  oppor- 
tunity, he  flew  swift  as  a  weaver's  shuttle,  from  regiment  to  regiment, 
from  brigade  to  brigade,  from  division  to  division,  shouting  the  hitherto 
ungiven  and  unauthorized  command,  "Take  the  Ridge!  Take  the  Ridge! 
Take  the  Ridge,  boys!  Take  the  Ridge!" 

The  boys  took  the  ridge,  and  decided,  we  hope,  for  all  time,  the  posses- 
sion of  Chattanooga. 

Brave  soldier,  dear  comrade  and  friend,  farewell  and  farewell;  wherever 
thy  immortal  spirit  rests  in  the  great  universe  of  God,  may  His  light  and 
His  love  shine  upon  it.  And  may  we  not  be  allowed  to  hope  and  believe 
that  his  large,  loving,  soulful  eyes,  look  down  upon  us  now  from  the  battle- 
ments of  his  home  in  the  world  of  eternity,  and  that  he  knows  what  we  do 
and  what  wf:  say. 

Pardon  me,  Mr.  President,  comrades  and  friends:  when  the  memories 
of  those  days,  now  long  past,  come  to  us,  we  seem  lifted  from  earthly  sur- 
roundings into  a  new  environment  and  we  know  not  when  to  stop.  Would 
that  I  had  angelic  tongue  or  inspired  pen  to  tell  you  what  my  eyes  have 
seen  and  my  ears  have  heard  on  these  fields;  but  the  tongue  of  man  can- 
not utter  them,  and  the  pen  of  man  cannot  write  them. 

And  now,  your  Excellency,  Daniel  H.  Hastings,  Governor  of  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Pennsylvania,  on  behalf  of  the  Pennsylvania  Chlckamauga- 
Chattanooga  Battlefields  Executive  Committee  and  Commission,  we 
tender  you  these  monuments,  erected  to  the  Twenty-seventh,  Twenty- 
eighth,  Twenty-ninth,  Forty-sixth,  Seventy-fifth.  Seventy-seventh,  Sev- 
enty-eighth, Seventy-ninth,  One  hundred  and  eleventh  and  One  hundred 
and  forty-seventh  regiments  of  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  the  Seventh, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  46 

Ninth  and  Fifteenth  Regiments  of  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  to  Battery 
B  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery  and  Battery  E  of 
the  Forty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery,  with  the  hope  and  the 
prayer  that  they  may  stand  here  through  all  coming  generations, 
unhurt  by  the  hand  of  man,  and  unmarred  by  winter's  cold  or  summer's 
heat. 


ACCEPTANCE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH  OF 
PENNSYLVANIA. 


GOVERNOR  DANIEL  H.  HASTINGS. 


•p>ELLOW  CITIZENS,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen,  Comrades:— The  surviv- 
|H  ing  veteran  soldiers  of  Pennsylvania  who  participated  in  the  battles 
•*•  in  and  about  Chattanooga  thirty-four  years  ago  have  assembled 
here  to-day  to  dedicate  with  appropriate  ceremony  the  monuments  erected 
by  the  authority  of  our  Commonwealth  in  honor  of  the  service  here  rend- 
ered to  their  country. 

With  warm  hearts  and  uncovered  heads  we  salute  the  great  State  of 
Tennessee.  The  cordiality  of  our  greeting,  your  unbounded  hospitality 
and  your  knightly  welcome  have  touched  those  chords  of  sympathy  and 
fraternity  which,  better  than  words,  PTQ  told  in  the  trembling  lips  and 
tearful  eyes  of  those  who  are  here  from  the  north.  Wherever  in  this 
great  assemblage  a  gray  uniform  is  seen  we  instinctively  feel  and  know 
that  the  gray  coat  is  buttoned  across  a  breast  that  feels  a  soldierly  sym- 
pathy; that  the  hand  extended  is  the  hand  of  welcome;  that  the  words 
you  utter  are  the  words  of  sincerity  and  hospitality;  that  your  sym- 
pathies are  our  sympathies;  that  our  monuments  are  your  monuments; 
and  the  flag  that  waves  before  us  is  the  emblem  of  our  common  heritage 
and  the  shrine  of  our  common  devotion. 

Standing  here  on  Orchard  Knob,  where  once  stood  a  host  of  illustrious 
men,  among  them  Grant,  Thomas,  Sherman,  Sheridan  and  Granger,  we 
turn  to  Lookout  Mountain,  standing  as  a  silent  sentinel  of  the  heroic  past, 
and  we  almost  see  the  enduring  bronze  bolted  to  the  rocks  to  tell  the  com- 
ing generations  where  brave  soldiers  scaled  the  heights,  and  among  them 
Geary  and  his  men  of  Pennsylvania.  Yonder,  through  the  mists  and  the 
scattering  foliage  of  autumn,  we  catch  a  glimpse  of  monuments  that 
mark  the  field  of  Chickamauga;  and  there  before  us  are  the  lowlands 
across  which  marched  the  armies  that  fought  their  way  to  the  summit 
of  Missionary  Ridge. 

These  are  the  fields  once  contested  by  Bragg,  Longstreet,  Polk,  Brecken- 
ridge,  Hood  and  Buckner,  commanders  and  armies  both  of  whose  gal- 
lantry and  courage  evinced  the  characteristics  that  make  the  American 
soldier  the  peer  of  any  since  time  began. 


46  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

What  a  peaceful  scene  is  now  spread  out  befors  us'-  Time  has  healed 
all  evidence  of  conflict.  The  seams  and  scars  that  the  war  once  made 
have  been  effaced.  Field  and  forest,  farm  and  garden,  ploughman  and 
furrow,  ripened  fruit  and  autumn's  mellowing  colors  of  crimson  and  gold, 
and  sunshine  and  shadow  now  decorate  the  valleys  and  mountains  in 
nature's  full  uniform. 

To  those  of  us  who  came  to  manhood  in  a  later  generation  it  is  difficult 
to  realize  the  emotions  that  stir  the  minds  and  hearts  of  those  who  come 
to  visit  these  fields  after  an  absence  of  thirty-four  years.  How  different 
it  must  be  to  all  of  you.  You  stood  upon  these  fields  thirty-four  years 
ago,  and  for  you  life  was  but  a  jest  and  death  was  king;  your  lives  were 
placed  in  the  hazard  of  conflict.  You  doubtless  questioned,  as  you  fought 
through  these  fields,  whether  you  would  ever  again  see  the  homes  and 
loved  ones  whom  you  had  left  behind;  you  saw  your  comrades  fall  by  your 
side  and  you  heard  the  voice  of  your  commander  and  pressed  forward; 
you  saw  the  battle's  end;  you  endured  the  hardships  of  the  camp  and 
march  and  field  until  peace  on  her  golden  wings  hovered  over  every 
battlefield. 

Since  then  you  have  waged  the  battles  of  life  as  best  you  could.  But 
there  is  a  tinge  of  sadness  to  this  occasion,  and  in  our  hearts,  for  those 
upon  whom  infirmity  has  laid  a  heavy  hand,  and  for  those  who  fought 
the  battles  of  the  nation  more  successfully  than  they  have  fought  the 
battle  for  bread.  In  the  deep  regret  we  feel  for  their  absence  we  know 
every  one  of  them  is  with  us  in  spirit.  To-day  the  State  that  claims  the 
honor  of  sending  you  to  the  field  invites  you  to  survey  again  the  scenes  of 
your  devotion  and  valor.  You  have  followed  again  the  battle  line;  you 
have  dropped  many  tears  of  sympathy  for  the  fallen  comrades;  you  have 
fought  the  battles  over  again;  you  have  met  in  loving  and  patriotic  com- 
munion the  brave  men  against  whom  you  struggled,  and  you  have  united 
to-day  with  them  to  drop  leaves  of  healing  upon  the  past  and  upon  the 
future.  You  have  seen  the  evolutions  of  a  third  of  a  century;  and  you 
doubtless  wonder  why,  in  the  providence  of  God,  it  became  necessary  long 
ago  that  veteran  should  struggle  against  veteran,  battery  against  battery, 
or  witness  the  charge  of  the  war  horse  "whose  neck  is  clothed  in  thunder," 
to  perpetuate  and  strengthen  a  nation.  How  useless  and  reckless  and 
unnecessary  it  all  must  now  appear  to  you!  But  out  of  the  recollection  of 
the  thunder  of  battle,  how  grateful  it  must  be  to-day  to  the  brave  men 
who  struggled  on  both  sides  to  realize  that  out  of  it  all  has  come  a  nobler 
and  grander  nation  than  before  had  ever  been  contemplated. 

Time  is  a  healer  as  well  as  a  destroyer.  Time  has  cooled  the  ardor;  has 
tempered  the  judgment;  has  healed  the  wounds  and  has  mellowed— aye, 
obliterated  all  sectional  animosities.  Time  was  the  hospital,  the  nurse, 
the  Christian  commission,  the  holy  evangel  that  sat  by  the  bedside  of  war 
and  restored  to  strength  and  beauty  incomparable  a  nation  almost  di- 
vided. Time's  cruel  sentence  is  not  yet  executed,  nor  will  it  be  for  you 
until  these  heroic  fields  shall  no  longer  be  the  witness  of  reunions  such  as 
these.  But  those  who  come  after  you  will  surely  keep  alive  the  story 
of  your  valor  and  devotion;  and  with  them 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  47 

"No  more  shall  the  war  cry  sever, 

Nor  the  winding  river  be  reel; 
They  banish  all  anger  forever, 

When  they  laurel  the  graves  of  your  dead. 
Under  the  sod  and  the  dew, 

Waiting  the  judgment  day — 
Love  and  tears  for  the  blue, 

Tears  and  love  for  the  gray." 

To-day  as  you  visit  the  graves  of  your  fallen  comrades,  you  may  say  to 
your  companions,  "Here  lies  one  who  fought  with  me  on  other  fields  or 
climbed  with  me  the  heights  of  Lookout  Mountain;  who  stood  by  my  side 
on  Chickamauga's  field;  or  fell  while  scaling  yonder  Missionary  Ridge." 
But  the  years  will  roll  on  and  the  boys  and  the  girls  now  awaiting  your 
return  home,  and  other  soldiers'  orphans,  may  some  day  walk  on  these 
and  other  fields  of  conquest.  One  will  say,  "My  father  fell  at  Gettys- 
burg;" another,  "My  father  fought  with  Grant  at  Shiloh;" 
another,  "My  father  fell  in  the  Wilderness;"  another,  "My  father 
rode  with  Sheridan;"  and  another,  "My  father  went  down  in  the  Cum- 
berland." And  for  them  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  the  Order  of  the 
Loyal  Legion  and  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  will  disclose  a  grander 
significance  than  ever  before. 

Your  pilgrimage  here  of  love  will  solace  many  a  widow's  and  a  mother's 

heart.    With  them  your  devotion  will  be  some  recompense  for  those  who 

t 
would  fondly  kneel  by  the  grass-grown  mounds  and  bedew  with  tears  of 

>ove  the  resting  places  of  the  uncoffined  and  unshrouded  dead.  But  when 
you  and  they  are  gone  there  will  be  others  still  to  strew  the  flowers  and 
cherish  their  memory.  As  the  two  Marys  found  their  way  to  the  sepul- 
chre of  the  Redeemer  of  mankind,  so  will  the  children  of  the  future  find 
their  way  to  the  graves  of  the  men  whose  sacrifices  redeemed  a  nation 
from  bondage. 

Let  us  before  these  monuments,  as  before  a  shrine,  mingle  our  tears  and 
droop  our  flags  and  listen  to  the  solemn  dirge  in  memory  of  the  patriotic 
dead,  both  north  and  south;  let  us  again  resolve  that  the  men  who  fell 
on  these  fields  shall  not  have  died  in  vain.  Let  us,  as  we  contemplate  the 
flag  of  our  reunited  country  floating  in  peace  above  these  fields,  again  re- 
solve that  this  land  shall  know  no  other  banner  than  the  stars  and  stripes, 
and  that  it  shall  forever  float  in  triumph  and  in  glory;  that  wherever  it 
may  lead  we  will  follow,  and  may  we  maintain  the  pledge,  as  Ruth  to 
Naomi,  whither  thou  goest  we  will  go,  and  where  thou  lodgest  we  will 
lodge;  thy  people  shall  be  cur  people,  and  thy  God  our  God. 

And  now,  Mr.  Chairman  and  gentlemen  of  the  Battlefields  Commission, 
for  and  on  behalf  of  the  State  by  which  you  were  authorized  to  perform 
the  work  of  erecting  these  memorials  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the 
Pennsylvania  organizations  who  participated  in  the  battles  in  and  about 
Chattanooga,  I  accept  the  monuments,  and  I  return  to  you  all  thanks  for 
your  labor  of  love  so  well  and  so  ably  performed.  And  to  you,  sir  (turning 
to  Mr.  Tweedale),  as  the  representative  of  the  National  Government,  I 
commit  their  care  and  keeping.  The  State  that  was  the  keystone  of  the 
federal  arch;  that  holds  within  her  bosom  the  cradle  of  American  liberty; 
whose  fealty  to  the  Constitution  framed  in  our  own  Philadelphia  has  never 


48  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

wavered;  whose  hills  and  valleys  have  re-echoed  to  the  shock  of  war  at 
Gettysburg,  and  whose  sod  gave  sepulchre  to  heroic  dead;  whose  sons 
have  always  rallied  to  the  call  of  patriotism;  and  who  have  ever  clung 
with  loving  tenderness  to  the  flag  of  the  fathers— that  State  now  calls 
upon  the  nation,  for  whose  perpetuity  these  men  marched  and  fought 
and  bled  and  died,  to  preserve  these  monuments  as  enduring  witnesses  of 
their  courage  and  devotion;  see  to  it  that  they  are  preserved  to  the  latest 
generation;  that  no  vandal  hand  shall  mar  their  beauty;  that  they  shall 
be  perpetual  reminders  of  American  valor;  and  that  those  who  live  in 
the  years  to  come  may  know  and  understand  that  the  victories  won  and 
the  battles  lost  were  accomplished  by  heroes  who  faced  the  north  as  well 
as  the  south  in  an  unparalled  struggle  from  out  whose  sacrifices  and  be- 
reavements there  came  the  great  advance  in  the  world's  civilization,  and 
untold  benefits  to  the  human  race. 


ACCEPTANCE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  NATIONAL  GOVERN- 
MENT. 


By  Hon.  JOHN  TWEEDALE,  Co.  I,  ISih  Pa.  VOL.  CAV. 


GOVERNOR  HASTINGS,  The  Commissioners  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Comrades:— The  Secretary  of  War  takes  the  greatest  interest  in 
everything  pertaining  to  the  late  war,  and  he  regrets  exceedingly 
that  he  cannot  be  here  to-day.  Public  duty  demands  his  presence  else- 
where. 

He  has  selected  me  to  represent  him  on  this  occasion,  not  because  I  am 
near  him  in  an  official  capacity,  but  because  I  was  a  private  soldier  in  a 
Pennsylvania  Regiment  which  participated  in  these  battles. 

Not  for  anything  I  did,  nor  for  anything  meritorious  in  my  record,  but 
that  I  might  stand  here  to-day  as  the  representative  of  the  men  in  the 
ranks,  the  men  who  toiled  and  suffered  and  died  in  obscurity,  the  men  who 
made  success  possible. 

In  order  then  that  they  may  have  recognition  in  these  official  cere- 
monies, the  Chief  Executive  of  the  Nation,  and  the  Secretary  of  War,  both 
gallant  soldiers,  have  selected  one  who  was  an  enlisted  man  to  perform 
th..j  honorable  service. 

It  therefore  becomes  my  duty  to  accept  for  and  in  behalf  of  the  Nation 
the  monuments  erected  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  to  commemorate 
the  deeds  of  her  heroic  sons  upon  these  battlefields,  and  which  you,  sir,  as 
the  Chief  Executive  of  the  State,  have  just  tendered  to  the  United  States 
of  America.  And  in  further  performance  of  my  duty,  and  in  accordance 
with  the  instructions  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  I  now  transfer  them  to  the 
custody  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  National 


o 

I 


n 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  49 

Military  Park,  composed  of  comrades  who  bear  the  scars  of  the  conflict, 
knowing  full  well  that  they  will  be  cared  for  as  a  priceless  heritage— a 
heritage  of  heroic  deeds  performed  that  a  "government  of  the  people,  by 
the  people,  and  for  the  people  might  not  perish  from  the  earth." 

The  crest  of  the  wave  of  the  conflict  passed  beyond  the  borders  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania;  it  broke  and  fell  at  Gettysburg;  it  left  a  record  of 
heroism  unequalled  in  the  annals  of  war. 

Tennyson  has  immortalized  the  charge  of  the  Light  Brigade;  history 
thrills  us  with  the  stories  of  Waterloo  and  Austerlitz,  of  Marengo,  Grave- 
lotte  and  Sedan; — vivid  pictures  of  gallantry  in  battle.  The  Light  Brigade 
lost  36.7  per  cent,  at  Balaklava,  and  the  Third  Westphalian  lost  49.4  per 
cent,  at  Mars-la-Tour,  the  highest  record  of  casualties  reported  in  au- 
thentic history  until  our  late  war.  At  Gettysburg  the  One  hundred  and 
Forty-first  Pennsylvania  lost  75.7  per  cent.,  the  First  Minnesota  lost  82.0 
per  cent.,  and  on  the  Confederate  side  the  Twenty-sixth  North  Carolina 
lost  71.7  per  cent.,  not  including  the  missing  in  action.  In  Fox's  book: 
"Regimental  Losses  of  the  Civil  War,"  it  is  stated  that  in  the  battle  of 
the  first  day  Captain  Tuttle's  company  of  this  regiment  went  into  action 
with  three  officers  and  eighty-four  men,  all  of  the  officers  and  eighty- 
three  of  the  men  were  killed  or  wounded.  In  the  presence  of  almost  cer- 
tain death  American  soldiers  stood  and  fought  without  flinching. 

"When  can  their  glory  fade, 
Oh,   the  wild  charge  they  made — 
All  the  world  wondered!" 

And  what  of  Chickamauga? 

In  1890,  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, composed  of  gallant  soldiers  who  had  seen  service  in  the  Union 
and  Confederate  armies,  reported  to  the  House  a  bill  to  establish  a  Na- 
tional Military  Park  at  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga. 

In  that  report,  after  full  and  careful  consideration  the  committee  said: 

"The  figures  show  Chickama'uga  to  rank,  for  the  numbers  engaged  and  the  time  of 
their  fighting,  among  the  most  noted  battles  of  the  modern  world.  The  average  losses 
on  each  side  for  the  troops  which  fought  through  the  two  days  were  fully  thirty-three 
per  cent,  while  for  many  portions  of  each  line  the  losses  reached  fifty  per  cent,  and  for 
some  even  seventy-five  per  cent.  There  Is  probably  no  other  field  in  the  world  which 
presents  more  formidable  natural  obstacles  to  great  military  operations  than  the  slopes 
of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  while  there  is  no  field  that  surpasses 
Chickamauga  in  the  deadliness  and  persistence  of  the  fighting." 

This  is  a  calm  statement  of  an  historic  fact  back  of  which  are  the  smoke 
and  roar  of  conflict,  the  shrieks  of  the  wounded,  the  groans  of  the  dying, 
the  agony  in  far-off  homes,  wives  widowed,  children  fatherless,  fathers 
and  mothers  bereft  of  sons  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  and  myriads 
maimed  for  life — the  fruit  and  flower  of  the  Nation,  its  young  manhood 
handicapped  in  the  race  for  existence,  but  with  the  precious  memory  of 
duty  well  done  at  the  cannon's  mouth,  and  at  the  flaming  throats  of  the 
guns. 

Tt  does  not  come  to  each  generation  to  be  privileged  to  offer  life  that  a 
nation  may  live.  In  our  time  the  opportunity  came  and  it  was  accepted. 


50  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Does  any  one  doubt  that  history  will  repeat  itself  if  the  opportunity  is 
again  presented?  The  young  men  of  the  Nation  are  as  patriotic,  as  eager 
as  the  men  of  '61,  their  hearts  beat  as  true,  and  they  enthuse  as  readily. 
Men  grow  languid  in  peaceful  persuits,  but  the  lethargy  disappears  as  the 
mist  before  the  rising  sun  when  the  Nation  calls  for  help. 

The  lessons  of  the  war  nave  been  thoroughly  taught  in  all  our  broad 
land.  Memorial  battlefields  are  an  object-lesson  and  the  monuments  tell 
the  story.  Built  of  bronze  and  enduring  granite  they  speak  to  the  ages, 
to  the  millions  of  the  future  they  convey  a  message  of  conflict,  of  sacri- 
fice, of  heroism  and  of  patriotism.  When  individual  deeds  shall  have  been 
forgotten  these  monuments  will  bear  witness  to  humanity  of  the  sacri- 
fice of  self  for  the  benefit  of  the  State.  But  to  the  youth  of  the  present 
generation  tht-y  speak  of  the  heroism  of  their  fathers.  Let  but  the  im- 
pression be  vivid  enough  and  the  future  is  secure;  and  can  anything  be 
more  impressive  or  more  vivid  than  that  which  is  taught  by  these  monu- 
mental battlefields?  The  sacrifices  which  purified  and  strengthened  the 
Republic  in  the  days  of  1861-65,  are  here  perpetuated,  and  these  silent 
memorials  appeal  to  this  generation  with  irresistible  power.  The  story 
may  be  told  differently— it  is  told  differently,  but  the  great  facts  remain, 
the  conflict  was  waged,  men  of  heroic  mould  went  forth  to  meet  death 
face  to  face  in  the  enthusiasm  of  their  young  manhood,  the  union  of  states 
survived,  and  the  flag  of  our  country,  respected  and  beloved  throughout 
the  land,  waves  over  a  brave,  happy  and  reunited  people.  Decoration 
days  come  and  go,  the  graves  of  our  heroes  are  kept  green,  the  flag  floats 
over  the  school  house,  children  absorb  patriotism  at  the  sight  of  each 
gray  haired  veteran  with  his  army  button,  and  come  weal  or  woe  the 
Nation's  honor  is  secure.  Sentiment  endures  in  human  hearts,  it  moves 
the  world.  Love  of  country  animates  the  hearts  of  the  people,  the  sun 
of  pur  prosperity  not  yet  at  meridian  lights  the  way  to  a  future  glorious 
with  promise. 

Let  us  then  who  have  borne  the  burden  and  heat  of  the  day  not  lay  down 
aur  arms  fearful  of  the  morrow,  but  let  us  rather  relinquish  them  to  the 
willing  hands  ready  to  receive  them,  and  as  the  rising  dawn  of  this  new 
humanity  illumines  the  land  may  we  thank  the  Almighty  Ruler  of  the 
Universe  that  He  has  vouchsafed  to  our  beloved  country  the  blessings  of 
a  people  full  of  hope,  resolute  and  eager  to  emulate  the  deeds  of  the 
fathers  when  necessity  requires. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  51 


ACCEPTANCE  ON  BEHALF  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR  BY 

THE   CHICKAMAUGA-CHATTANOOGA    NATIONAL, 

MILITARY  PARK  COMMISSION. 


GENERAL  HENRY  V.  BOYNTON. 


COMRADES  and  Friends: — In  such  a  presence,  and  among  such  scenes 
as  surround  us  here,  one  may  well  wish  for  the  graces  of  oratory.  I 
am  sure  that  all  hearts  in  this  vast  audience  of  Northern  and  South- 
ern Americans  heartily  respond  to  the  eloquent,  forcible  and  essentially 
national  sentiments  of  Governor  Hastings'  address.  As  I  listened  to  its 
graphic  reproduction  of  the  main  features  of  the  great  battle  pageant 
v/hich  made  this  valley  memorable  forever,  there  came  to  my  mind  that 
striking  passage  in  the  speech  of  Governor  Campbell,  of  Ohio,  at  the  dedi- 
cation of  this  National  Park,  in  which  he  applied  the  prophecy  of  Ezekiel 
over  the  Valley  of  Dry  Bones  to  the  sleeping  dead  of  these  great  battle- 
fields. 

If  some  prophet  of  the  god  of  battles  could  stretch  forth  his  staff  over 
these  plains  and  ridges  and  mountains,  and  bid  those  who  contended 
here  to  appear  again,  breathe  into  them  the  breath  of  life,  and  .cause 
them  to  stand  up  as  armies  what  a  tremendous  scene  would  be 
enrolled  before  us! 

Here  on  this  knoll  would  stand  Grant,  whose  fame  is  assured;  and 
Thomas  whose  fame  is  growing,  and  will  continue  to  grow  so  long  as 
history  shall  search  for  and  record  merit.  There  on  the  right  would 
Hooker  with  his  hosts  be  seen  descending  from  the  captured  heights  of 
Lookout.  On  the  left,  brilliant  Sherman,  with  the  famous  Army  of  the 
Tennessee;  here  in  the  center,  Thomas'  soldiers  of  the  Cumberland,  de- 
ployed as  a  storming  army.  There,  stretched  along  the  crest  of  Mis- 
sionary Ridge  for  eight  miles,  would  stand  Bragg's  splendid  army  of 
seasoned  veterans,  with  their  banners,  and  gleaming  rifles,  and  belching 
cannon.  Then,  as  the  six-gun  signal  sounded  from  this  knoll,  would 
come  the  sweep  of  that  central  host  with  a  battle  front  of  two  miles  and 
a  half,  onward  to  the  ridge,  upward  to  victory— thank  God— equally  for 
south  and  north — to  a  victory  which  was  a  long  stride  toward  our  present 
Union,  and  our  giant  nationality. 

But  I  have  not  felt  that  it  would  be  fitting  in  one  not  versed  in  public 
speaking  to  trust  himself  on  such  an  occasion  as  this  to  impromptu 
speech,  and  so  I  have  committed  the  brief  remarks  I  propose  to  make  to 
writing. 

That  this  National  Park  has  been  established  is  largely  due  to  the  valor 
of  the  sons  of  Pennsylvania  on  these  and  many  other  fields,  and  to  the 
patriotism  with  which  these  Empire  states  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia, 
with  their  sister  seceding  states,  have  accepted  the  decree  of  a  great  case, 


52  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

brilliantly  tried  by  both  contestants  In  that  high  court  of  last  resort  where 
the  sword  decides.  • 

As  Pennsylvania  honors  this  project  with  the  presence  of  her  whole  offi- 
cial household,  bringing  also  the  surviving  veterans  of  Chickamauga, 
Wauhatchie.  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  so  we,  in  turn, 
rejoice  to  proclaim  the  honors  due  the  second  state  in  the  Union— but  sec- 
ond to  none  in  the  practical  exhibition  of  her  patriotism  and  her  prowess 
on  every  noted  battlefield  of  the  war. 

In  the  familiarity  of  our  great  family  this  State  of  Governor  Hastings' 
is  known  as  the  Keystone  State,  and  well  does  she  deserve  the  name.  But 
on  these  fields  she  established  a  new  and  prouder  title  to  it.  Never  was 
more  Imposing  arch  erected  since  wars  began  than  was  traced  upon  the 
towering  slopes  of  Lookout  when  the  lines  who  wore  the  blue,  contending 
long  but  at  length  successfully  against  the  stout  and  desperate  and  mem- 
orable defense  of  Walthall,  carried  their  banner  to  the  foot  of  the  pali- 
sades. 

You  surviving  Pennsylvania  veterans,  in  common  with  the  soldiers 
of  two  armies,  looked  upward  through  the  night  of  November  24,  thirty- 
four  years  ago,  and  saw  that  arch  of  gleaming  lights.  There  under  the 
cliffs,  at  the  highest  point  gained  in  the  battle,  those  flashing  guns  were 
from  the  lines  of  Pennsylvania's  Twenty-ninth  and  One  hundred  and 
eleventh — the  keystone  of  that  historic  arch  of  battles  whose  fame 
will  endure  so  long  as  Lookout  stands  on  its  firm  foundations. 

But  with  the  morning  light  there  came  even  a  prouder  sight  for  you, 
and  all  of  us.  With  the  earliest  rays  of  that  beautiful  dawn,  calm  and 
peaceful  as  if  death  had  never  stalked  along  the  front  of  battle  or  the 
smoke  of  conflict  obscured  earthly  vision— floated  the  flag  of  the  Union 
from  the  summit  of  the  palisades— above  the  keystone,  above  the  banners 
of  all  the  states. 

And  so  it  was  everywhere— nation  above  state— until  the  war  ended,  and 
in  its  great  heat  not  only  had  states  been  welded  into  a  perpetual  and  In- 
dissoluble union,  but  into  a  nation  which  to-day  presents  the  grandest 
example  of  concord  and  unity  of  purpose  to  be  found'  on  the  planet. 
Standing  in  this  southland,  we  rejoice  with  all  its  thoughtful  men  over 
results  which  have  brought  renewed  and  most  vigorous  life,  disenthral- 
ment  from  old  conditions,  dignity  to  labor,  unexampled  development,  and 
the  spectacle  of  vast  communities,  thoroughly  American,  with  faces  set 
with  high  purpose  toward  the  working  out  of  national  destiny. 

It  is  a  source  of  keen  satisfaction  to  be  afforded  this  opportunity  to  tes- 
tify before  these  veterans  and  their  assembled  friends  to  the  invaluable 
and  unflagging  support  which  the  Governor  of  your  Commonwealth  has 
given  to  this  park  project,  both  in  efficient  action  at  home  and  encourag- 
ing visits  to  the  field.  At  every  point  where  his  help  has  been  requested 
his  prompt  response  has  placed  the  veterans  of  his  state  and  all  friendr 
of  the  park  under  obligations  which  they  gladly  recognize  and  which  they 
will  always  remember. 

Of  your  State  Commission  it  Is  true  that  no  one  of  the  twenty-six  com- 
missions now  co-operating  with  the  National  Commission  has  been  more 


CH1CKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  53 

active  or  efficient,  more  careful  of  the  interests  committed  to  its  keeping, 
more  considerate  of  the  wishes  and  plans  of  the  National  Commission,  or 
more  deserving  of  high  praise  at  its  hands. 

It  is  also  a  pleasure  as  well  as  a  plain  duty  to  testify  in  your  presence 
to  the  interest  taken  in  the  promotion  of  this  park  project  by  President 
McKinley  and  the  constant  support  afforded  by  Secretary  Alger,  under 
whose  especial  direction  the  work  of  its  establishment  is  rapidly  and  effi- 
ciently progressing. 

But,  my  friends,  while  there  is  a  deep  and  abiding  meaning  in  the  fact 
vhat  Pennsylvania  conies  here  to  honor  the  military  achievements  of  her 
sons  and  preserve  their  memory  till  the  centuries  shall  have  crumbled 
granite  and  wasted  bronze,  there  is  a  deeper  and  more  far-reaching  mean- 
ing in  the  fact  that  all  the  states,  of  the  south  as  well  as  the  north,  are 
engaged  with  equal  enthusiasm  under  the  same  national  authority  in  the 
samp  work. 

You  have  seen  on  the  field  of  Chickamauga  the  guns  of  every  Confed- 
erate battery  that  fought  there  against  the  flag,  re-established  by  the 
national  government  to  mark  the  points  of  their  fighting,  and  to  tell  to 
the  ages  the  military  skill  and  courage  with  which  they  were  served.  You 
have  seen  the  state  monuments  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia  and  Missouri 
rising  along  their  former  lines  of  battle.  You  have  seen  the  multitude  of 
tablets  erected  by  a  National  Commission  under  the  authority  of  Con- 
gress, which  for  each  side  alike  commemorate  a  story  of  American  valor, 
that  is  a  national  glory  and  a  national  resource  as  well,  since  in  that  story 
may  be  clearly  read  the  military  possibilities  of  a  warlike  future  whose 
fitful  gleams  are  playing  even  now  like  summer  lightning  around  our 
whole  horizon. 

Have  you  ever  read  of  anything  like  our  park  in  history?  Did  any 
nation  ever  exist  where  its  establishment  would  have  been  possible?  In 
the  development  of  the  race,  union  between  warring  states  has  never 
been  complete  before.  But  in  the  furnace  of  our  contest  every  trace  of 
dross  was  consumed,  and  the  forging  of  our  battles  was  a  more  perfect 
union  and  a  stronger  and  a  mightier  one  than  the  world  has  seen.  We  are 
all  conscious  of  this,  and  we  glory  in  it.  The  world  will  learn  it  whenever, 
as  a  united  nation,  we  are  called  to  righteous  war. 

There  is  no  element  in  all  our  work  which  glorifies  the  lost  cause.  Even 
those  who  upheld  its  tattered  banners  do  not  seek  that.  But  every  sol- 
dier who  stood  in  the  front  against  them  till  the  union  triumphed  and  we 
became  brothers  again,  knows  that  the  magnificent  military  skill,  endur- 
ance and  valor  which  rallied  to  support  that  cause  incited  the  north  to 
military  efforts  and  deeds  which  had  never  even  floated  in  its  dreams  be- 
fore. And  so  it  came  to  pass  that  north  and  south,  after  a  four  years' 
course  in  their  school  of  war,  graduated  this  nation  as  a  first  class  military 
power.  And  now  we  all  know  that  the  history  which  stands  recorded  on 
the  fields  around  this  city,  repeating  on  monuments  and  tablets  as  it  does 
the  story  of  the  unexampled  development  of  American  endeavor  in  battle, 
has  carried  this  nation  forward  with  striding  steps  far  along  the  path  of 
its  great  destiny.  Our  park  first  suggested  that  union  by  which  the  sol- 


54  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

diers  of  the  north  and  those  of  the  south  came  together  on  a  famous  bat- 
tlefield to  unite  in  an  equal  commemoration  of  American  valor.  The 
whole  nation  responded,  and  has  well  learned  the  lesson  which  such  union 
teaches. 

We  are  now  conscious  of  our  military  prowess.  We  remember  the  tre- 
mendous blows  which  each  section  struck  on  many  fields  when  the  na- 
tion stood  divided.  And  veterans  of  both  armies  will  be  forgiven  if  in 
all  their  musings  over  the  future  they  picture  to  themselves  an  American 
army  in  battle  array,  moving  forward  to  accomplish  its  purposes  under  a 
common  flag,  with  the  common  inspiration  of  the  veterans  of  Grant  and 
Lee,  Rosecrans  and  Bragg,  of  Thomas  and  Longstreet,  of  Wilson  and  For- 
rest and  Wheeler.  Unless  all  present  signs  of  fast-growing  jealousy  of 
republican  progress  on  the  part  of  foreign  powers  fail  and  fade,  there  are 
veterans  who  will  see  this;  there  are  armies  of  the  sons  of  veterans 
who  will  take  part  in  it,  and  be  rendered  invincible  by  the  stirring  mem- 
ories of  those  great  military  deeds  which  their  fathers  performed  either 
under  the  stars  and  stripes  or  the  battle  banner  of  the  south. 

But  the  winter  of  war  has  gone.  The  breath  of  spring  has  covered  all 
our  battlefields  with  flowers  and  verdure;  and  summer  has  ripened  fra- 
ternal harvests  into  the  majestic  nationality  In  which  we  all  take  equal 
pride.  In  the  beautiful  language  of  a  true  poet  who  was  visiting  the 
battlefield  of  Antletam  when  orchards  were  blooming,  and  the  husband- 
man was  busy  everywhere: 

"There  are  domes  of  flowers  where  spread  the  white  tent, 
There  are  ploughs  in  the  tracks  where  the  war-wagons  went, 
There  are  songs  where  was  only  Rachel's  lament." 

And  now,  sir  (addressing  Governor  Hastings),  commissioned  by  the 
Secretary  of  War,  it  becomes  my  duty,  as  it  is  my  privilege,  to  receive 
these  monuments  with  which  Pennsylvania  has  honored  her  heroes,  and 
by  which  gift  she  now  honors  the  Nation,  into  the  perpetual  keeping  of 
the  Great  Republic. 


After  General  Boynton's  address,  General  J.  P.  S.  Gobin  asked  the 
audience  to  Join  in  singing  the  first  stanza  of  "America."  As  they  sang 
the  last  line  the  Chautauqua  salute  was  given,  and  the  national  flag  was 
unfurled  from  the  rostrum.  It  was  a  beautiful  and  inspiring  incident. 


ADDRESS. 


HON.  H.  CLAY  EVANS,  COMMISSIONER  OF  PENSIONS. 

MR.   CHAIRMAN,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania:— The  good  people  of    Chattanooga,    Chickamauga, 
Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge  have  gathered  here  to- 
day to  greet  you,  to  welcome  you  on  this  historic,  war-famed  Orchard 
Knob,  where  Generals  Grant  and  Thomas  stood  on  that  ever  memorable 
afternoon  of  November  25,  1863;  and  from  this  knob  witnessed  the  boys  in 
blue  climb  to  the  top  of  yonder  ridge  in  the  face  of  shot  and  shell  hurled 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  55 

down  upon  them  from  the  battery  crested  summit;  from  here  they  wit- 
nessed the  march  of  the  stars  and  stripes  to  victory. 

I  confess  to  no  little  embarrassment  on  this  occasion,  (with  a  military 
history  so  inconspicuous  as  mine,)  surrounded  as  I  am  by  men  whose 
military  services  here  and  hereabouts  contributed  to  make  the  name  of 
the  American  soldier  the  proudest  boast  of  a  grateful  Republic. 

You  have  come  from  your  distant  homes  to  visit  the  places  made  dear 
to  you  by  the  hardships  and  dangers  incident  to  camp  and  battle  of  a 
third  of  a  century  ago  to  commemorate  the  memory  of  your  brave  com- 
rades who  stood  with  you  then,  many  of  whom,  no  doubt,  have  journeyed 
to  that  world  where  there  are  no  wars. 

When  the  Civil  war  began  there  were  two  things  necessary  to  success- 
men  and  money.  Money  was  necessary  to  buy  commissary  and  quarter- 
masters' supplies,  arms,  ammunition,  and  all  the  paraphernalia  necessary 
to  equip  an  army;  the  amount  of  money  necessary  was  in  excess  of  any 
demands  theretofore,  and  by  many  considered  as  impossible  to  secure,  but 
the  great  men  of  this  nation,  the  statesman,  the  official,  the  accredited 
agents  of  the  government,  secured  the  necessary  loans,  and  then  promises 
were  made  that  with  the  dawning  of  peace  and  the  return  of  prosperity, 
which  was  sure  to  follow  this,  people  would  pay  back  these  loans  in  the 
good  hard  yellow  gold  of  the  Republic.  This  promise  has  been  kept,  and  I 
regard  it  as  one  of  the  brightest  pages  in  the  history  of  this  glorious 
Republic.  Everywhere  our  praises  have  been  sung,  and  while  we,  as 
citizens  of  this  great  government,  take  a  commendable  pride  in  the  main- 
tenance of  the  honor  and  integrity  of  our  people,  we  are  particularly 
pleased  at  the  commendations  from  other  nations. 

While  the  financial  credit  of  this  nation  was  so  gloriously  maintained 
there  was  another  contract  made,  another  promise  far  more  sacred  and 
inviolable  than  that  for  money.  From  the  beginning  to  the  ending  of  the 
war,  from  the  first  enlistment  to  the  last,  from  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumpter 
to  the  surrender  at  Appomattox,  there  was  an  appeal  being  made  to  the 
patriotism  of  the  people,  to  the  young  men  of  the  nation.  Everywhere 
the  promise  went  cut,  from  the  pulpit,  from  the  press,  from  the  Legis- 
lature, State  and  National,  aye,  from  the  people  all,  to  those  that  would 
join  the  Union  Army,  go  to  the  front  and  battle  and  save  the  nation,  pre- 
serve the  union  of  states,  that  they  should  be  forever  thereafter  kindly  and 
considerately  cared  for;  the  dead  were  to  live  always  in  the  hearts  of  the 
living,  the  maimed  should  be  appropriately  provided  for,  and  the  return- 
ing heroes  should  be  cared  for  and  the  wants  of  the  widow  and  the  or- 
phans were  to  be  as  sacredly  provided  for  as  were  the  ashes  of  the  fallen 
husbands  and  fathers  most  vigilantly  guarded. 

The  first  contract,  the  one  for  money,  was  made  in  the  usual  legal  form, 
the  second  contract,  that  with  the  soldier,  was  made  upon  the  field  of 
battle,  surrounded  by  the  rattle  of  musketry,  the  roar  of  cannon,  the 
clashing  of  sabres,  and  signed  with  the  bayonet  dipped  in  blood. 

The  first  contract  was  carried  out  to  the  letter  of  the  law.  The  second 
contract  will  be  carried  out  to  the  fullest  measure.  This  generous  govern- 


56  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

ment  that  you  contributed  so  much  to  preserve;  this  government  of  the 
people,  by  the  people  and  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish,  but  will  carry  out 
all  its  promises  to  its  soldier  defenders,  and  will  all  over  this  broad  land, 
erect  monuments,  as  you  have  done  here,  to  the  memory  of  its  heroes,  and 
their  bravery  and  heroism  shall  be  told  to  generations  yet  to  come. 


ADDRESS. 


BRIG.-GENL.  THOMAS  J.  STEWART,  ADJUTANT  GENERAL  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


COMRADES,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:— With  no  thought  of  having  a 
word  to  say  on  this  occasion,  assigned  no  duty,  or  place  in  the 
published  order  of  exercises,  the  subject  treated  so  fully  and  elo- 
quently by  the  able  speakers  who  have  already  addressed  you,  leaves  me 
at  a  great  disadvantage.  But  there  is  an  inspiration  about  these  scenes, 
these  fields,  and  this  day,  which  all  must  feel.  We  are  removed  by  three 
decades  from  the  great  Civil  war.  In  all  the  years  of  man,  never  had  such 
a  conflict  been  waged.  Never  had  better,  braver,  or  more  determined 
men  met  in  battle.  Never  did  victory  or  defeat  mean  so  much.  If  victory 
came  to  Union  arms,  the  grlat  problem  of  universal  liberty  and  the 
brotherhood  of  men  was  solved. 

Here  men  contended  who  were  not  enemies  They  were  brothers,  sons 
of  the  same  soil,  framers  of  the  same  laws — not  men  of  different  races. 
They  had  contributed  as  brethren  in  all  that  made  American  valor  and 
American  soldiership  glorious. 

"Brothers  in  blood  were  the  men  of  the  blue  and  men  of  the  grey." 

Men  of  the  blue,  this  is  your  day,  and  this  one  of  your  fields  of  glory. 
'  There  are  other  fields  where  men  just  as  brave  as  you  stood  with  their 
faces  illumined  with  the  joy  of  battle.  They  were  friendly  rivals  with 
you  at  the  nation's  altar  of  patriotism,  and  to-day  your  heart  and  your 
hand  goes  out  to  them  in  patriotic  greeting  and  gratitude,  but  it  was 
here  and  for  you  and  yours  that  Heaven  seemed  to  take  the  stars  from 
the  flag  you  carried,  and  lit  up  the  clouds  that  rested  on  yonder  mountain. 
It  was  you  and  your  comrades,  living  and  dead,  of  those  days  in  1863,  that 
made  Chattanooga,  Chickamauga  and  Lookout  Mountain  fadeless  and 
immortal,  and  gave  new  meaning  and  new  glory  to  the  American  volun- 
teer soldier. 

Three  decades  have  been  woven  into  the  life  and  the  history  of  this  Re- 
public since  these  and  other  fields  ran  red  with  blood— were  strewn  with 
dead  and  dying,  with  hopes  that  were  shattered,  with  altars  that  were 
shivered,  with  hearts  that  were  broken.  Since  then  these  fields  have 
paid  tribute  to  the  husbandman  and  the  seasons  in  their  unceasing  round 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  67 

have  covered  soldiers'  graves  with  flowers,  and  moistened  them  with 
dewy  tears.  They  have  been  mantled  with  winter  snow  that  in  its  spot- 
less white  seemed  to  emblematize  the  sacrifice  they  made.  Since  death 
was  king  on  these  fields 

'  The  bayonet  flattened  has  turned  to  a  spade, 

A  capital  scythe,  is  the  old  sabre  blade, 
With  the  same  martial  strain, 

Thro'  the  rich  golden  grain, 
The  veteran  whistles,  while  cutting  his  way, 
Recalling  war's  harvest  of  blue  and  of  grey." 

Over  these  fields  swept  that  wave  of  patriotism,  that  gathered  as  the 
storm  at  sea,  and  that  grew  in  intensity  until  it  became  liberty's  cyclone 
and  which  moved  on  in  its  fury,  the  world  breathlessly  watching 

"Till  down  went  the  foes  of  this  heaven  cherished  Nation, 

And  slavery  and  disunion  lay  buried  'neath  war's  desolation." 

Pennsylvania  is  here  to-day  to  dedicate  monuments  on  historic  fields,  to 
commemorate  and  pay  tribute  to  the  valor  of  her  sons.  When  all  here 
shall  have  passed  from  worldly  scenes,  and  for  them  life's  accounts  shall 
have  been  closed,  these  monuments  will  remain  and  be  messengers  to 
posterity.  They  will  have  the  companionship  of  these  everlasting  hills, 
and  like  them  will  declare  to  generations  yet  unborn  the  history,  the 
glory,  the  achievements,  the  sacrifices  of  the  men  who  from  Pennsylvania 
homes  here  on  battle  plain  fought  and  died  to  secure  for  us  and  our  chil- 
dren thro'  all  the  coming  years,  the  inestimable  and  manifold  blessings  of 
a  free  and  a  united  country.  We  have  waited  long  to  pay  the  tribute,  but 
to-day  we  come  in  peace.  Many  of  the  men  in  whose  honor  and  to  whose 
memory  we  raise  these  monuments  have  for  more  than  thirty  years  been 
sleeping  with  those  "Whose  bones  are  dust,  and  whose  swords  are  rust." 

To-day  the  bitterness  of  the  strife  is  almost  gone.  The  grey  are  here 
with  the  blue — conqueror  and  conquered — all  full  of  gratitude  for  the 
safety  in  our  homes,  the  glory  in  our  flag,  the  hope  in  the  future  and  the 
blessings  that  are  secured  and  the  institutions  saved  and  made  per- 
manent. 

The  soldier  in  grey  will  learn  lessons  from  this  day  and  these  monu- 
ments. Honest  he  may  have  been,  but  these  monuments  will  remind  him 
that  in  the  clash  of  arms  and  holocaust  of  war  his  mistake  was  corrected 
to  his  enrichment  and  his  betterment. 

With  him  we  shared  the  penalty  and  the  sacrifice;  with  us  he  shares  the 
blessings.  About  these  monuments  so  grandly  eloquent  in  magnificent 
silence  will  gather  the  ghostly  sentinels  of  that  army  whose  camping 
ground  is  beyond  the  stars,  and  who  keep  watch  and  ward  above  the 
nation's  heroic  dead.  And  here  in  years  to  come  the  living  will  gather, 
here  rehearse  the  story,  and  exult,  as  we  do  now,  in  the  continued  enjoy- 
ment of  the  blessings  and  the  institutions  established  by  the  fathers  and 
saved  by  the  blood  of  their  sons. 

All  hail  to  the  north,  all  hail  to  the  south! 
And  now  in  the  presence  of  these  soldiers  living,  you  of  both  armies, 


58  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

and  in  the  presence  of  that  silent  host  invisible  to  our  eyes,  but  who  al- 
ways in  garments  of  purity  and  peace  attend  these  gatherings  of  their 
comrades  of  the  "brave  days  of  old,"  let  all  here  consecrate  themselves 
to  the  advancement,  the  unity,  and  the  glory  of  the  Republic  for  which 
all  the  soldier  dead  "gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion."  Let  patriot- 
ism and  love  of  country  burn  and  dwell  in  all  our  hearts  and  in  the  hearts 
of  our  children.  Lot  us  be  Americans,  and  as  Americans  let  our  purpose, 
our  efforts,  our  hopes,  be  for  the  growth  and  glory  of  the  Republic. 

Let  the  flag,  be  the  flag  of  all  the  people,  and  let  the  memories,  and  the 
glories  that  cluster  rcund  it,  keep  us  united  in  that  great  spirit  of  national 
unity  and  national  brotherhood  that  shall  make  every  man  a  defender  of 
his  country's  honor  and  glory,  and  keep  us,  one  people  with  one  country 
and  one  flag,  keeping  ever  in  mind  the  injunction 

"Be  Just  and  fear  not, 

Let  all  the  ends  thou  almest  at, 
Be  thy  country's,   thy  God's  and  Truth's." 


ADDRESS. 


GENERAL  JAMES  W.  LATTA. 


/COMRADES,  Ladies  and  Friends: — It  was  my  privilege  to  have  served 
with  the  old  Sixth  Army  Corps.  I  bring  you  friendly  greetings  and 
^-^  good  cheer  as  hearty  and  as  warm  as  when  for  your  achievements 
the  old  Potomac  Army  fired  its  salutes  of  shotted  guns— shotted  when  the 
enemy  happened  to  be  close  enough  to  make  the  salute  the  more  effective. 

This  is  a  well  chosen  spot  for  these  exercises.  This  amphitheatre  at  the 
base  of  yon  battle-remembered  hill  top  is  indeed  a  very  audience  cham- 
ber; and  the  generous  warmth  of  this  soft  November  sunlight  is  itself 
typical  of  a  genial  southern  welcome  to  all  this  goodly  company. 

It  was  probably  fitting  that  the  soldiers  of  the  great  west  should  of 
themselves  halt  the  enemy  in  his  purpose  not  to  be  content  until  the  great 
Ohio  river  was  within  his  grasp. 

But  nowhere,  whether  where  the  big  guns  thundered  on  the  sea  or  the 
musketry  rattled  on  the  land  was  it  the  exclusive  privilege  of  any  particu- 
lar section  to  itself  alone  uphold  the  "starry  banner  of  the  free."  And  so 
it  happened  that  on  Chickamauga's  famous  day  when  that  Confederate 
intent  was  foiled  and  that  Confederate  opportunity  lost,  there  were  with 
the  patriot  legions  of  the  west  a  chosen  few  from  the  farther  east,  and 
Pennsylvania's  contribution  of  three  regiments  of  infantry,  three  regi- 
ments of  cavalry,  and  a  six-gun  battery  made  that  grand  old  Common- 
wealth no  weak  factor  in  the  fight. 

"Discipline  in  war,"  my  friends,  has  been  defined  to  be,  "a  quantity 
measured  by  the  endurance  of  loss  under  fire."  As  the  Duke  of 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  59 

ton  is  said  to  have  remarked  at  Waterloo,  turning  to  his  staff,  as  his 
grenadiers  were  stiffening  to  resist  another  assault,  "Hard  pounding, 
gentlemen,  hard  pounding,  but  we'll  see  who  can  stand  it  longest." 

The  phrase  has  potent  application  in  this  vicinity.  It  echoes  over  the 
mountain  range,  rolls  across  the  valley,  speaks  spitefully  in  the  timber. 
There  are  here  everywhere  in  forest  and  stream,  meadow  and  mountain, 
silent  witnesses  that  plainly  testify  that  the  "endurance  of  loss  under 
fire,"  here  outrivaled  the  "discipline  in  war"  of  Britain's  sturdy  manhood 
or  Frenchman's  famous  chivalry.  It  was  "hard  pounding"  at  Snodgrass 
Hill;  it  was  "hard  pounding"  at  Kelly's  field;  it  was  "hard  pounding"  at 
Wauhatchie;  Wauhatchie  where  the  big  contingent  from  the  Potomac 
Army  first  had  speech  with  the  enemy. 

They  had  sped  the  "parting  guest"  when  Longstreet  left  them  on  the 
Rapidan,  but  gave  no  "welcome"  to  "the  coming"  when  he  again  forced 
his  attentions  on  them  on  the  Tennessee.  What  a  mighty  feat  of  trans- 
portation! Two  great  army  corps  with  all  their  impediments,  without 
mishap  or  detention,  in  six  days  had  spanned  the  barriers  of  a  moun- 
tain and  river,  left  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  and  were  in  action  in  the  fast- 
nesses of  the  Cumberland. 

Somewhere  I  have  read  or  heard  the  philosopher's  deduction,  "In  peace 
there  is  nothing  so  becomes  a  man  as  modest  stillness  and  humility." 
But  how,  amid  such  surroundings,  can  one  heed  the  invocation? 

"General  Taylor  never  found  out  up  to  the  day  of  his  death  that  he  was 
beaten  at  Buena  Vista,  because  his  opponent  planted  a  force  square  in  his 
rear.  Instead  of  acknowledging  the  move  and  withdrawing  from  the 
game,  as  the  rules  would  seem  to  demand,  the  general  rudely  faced  about 
and  went  on  with  his  work,  on  the  common  sense  principle  that  he  must 
clean  everything  out,  whether  in  his  front  or  his  rear." 

You  never  knew  when  you  were  whipped  out  here  in  the  west.  You 
never  were  whipped.  You  drove  Bragg  from  the  ridge  yonder;  you  held 
him  at  Chickamauga  until  you  were  ready  to  meet  his  investment,  and 
when  you  opened  your  "cracker  line"  to  Brown's  Perry,  you  had  robbed 
him  of  the  full  fruits  of  his  success.  A  guide  in  the  Tower  of  London, 
pointing  out  a  brass  cannon  in  the  ordnance  room,  said  to  a  lady  Ameri- 
can tourist,  with  an  air  of  much  consequence,  "We  took  that  gun  from 
you  at  Bunker  Hill."  "You  are  welcome  to  the  gun,"  was  the  prompt 
response,  "we  have  the  hill."  So  here  "you  are  welcome  to  the  ridge;  we 
have  the  ferry." 

You  proposed  to  move  and  did  move  on  Buckner's  works  at  Donelson, 
and  forced  him,  as  was  the  demand,  to  an  unconditional  surrender.  You 
shut  Pemberton  up  at  Vicksburg  and  pounded  and  punished  him  so 
seriously  that  he  yielded  his  sword  and  every  man  he  had  laid  down 
his  arms.  You  taught  Longstreet  a  bitter  lesson  at  Knoxville,  and  he 
learned  that  earth  works  in  east  Tennessee  were  as  impregnable  as  stone 
walls  in  Pennsylvania.  You  mashed  Hood  at  Franklin  and  routed  him 
'•foot,  horse  and  dragoons"  at  Nashville,  and  left  him  nothing  but  a  rem- 
nant. You  drove  Johnson  at  a  merry  pace  by  Ringgold  and  Resaca, 
Snake  Creek  Gap  and  Big  Shanty,  snuffed  the  Bishop's  candle  out  near 
5 


60  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Kenesaw,  and  then,  hurrying  him  rapidly  across  the  Chattahoochee,  you 
shut  him  tightly  within  his  entrenchments  at  Atlanta.  It  was  no  better 
when  the  Richmond  authorities  forced  a  change  of  commanders.  At 
Peach  Tree  Creek  you  repelled  Hood's  assault;  fighting  first  on  one  side 
of  your  entrenchments  and  then  upon  the  other,  you  successfully  re- 
sisted his  attack  on  the  22d  of  July,  and  then,  forcing  him  to  a  general  en- 
gagement at  Lovejoy  Station  and  Jonesboro,  he  abandoned  the  great 
Georgia  metropolis,  and  Atlanta,  the  "Gate  City"  of  the  South,  was  yours, 
all  there  was  left  of  it. 

Regardless  of  a  base,  you  struck  out  for  the  great  big  sea,  presented 
Savannah  to  the  nation  as  its  Christmas  gift,  pressed  through  the  Caro- 
linas  and  Virginia,  until  on  the  crowded  highways  of  the  National  Capitol 
you  found  your  reward  in  the  paeans  shouts  and  plaudits  of  a  grateful 
people. 

And  Pennsylvania  comes  here  in  perpetuation  of  this  appreciation  of 
a  grateful  people,  in  these  times  so  different  from  those  times,  for  "in 
peace,"  says  the  axiom,  "children  bury  their  parents,  in  war  parents  bury 
their  children;"  comes  here  upon  these  great  battlefields  and  makes  this 
her  day,  Pennsylvania's  day  at  Chickamauga,  Pennsylvania's  day  at 
Chattanooga. 


BENEDICTION. 


REV.  J.  THOMPSON  GIBSON,  D.  D.,  OF  THE  78TH  PA,  VOL. 


ALMIGHTY  FATHER,  again  at  the  close  of  these  services,  we  ac- 
knowledge Thee  as  our  Creator,  Preserver  and  Ruler.  Thou  art 
the  God  of  nations,  the  King  of  kings,  the  Lord  of  hosts.  Thou 
rulest  in  the  armies  of  heaven  and  on  this  earth,  controlling  the  affairs  of 
men,  making  even  the  wrath  of  man  to  praise  Thee,  restraining  the  re- 
mainder of  wrath,  working  out  always  and  everywhere  Thine  own  wise 
and  beneficent  purpose.  Bless,  we  pray  Thee,  these  monuments.  May 
they  ever  be  an  encouragement  and  an  inspiration  to  pure  and  noble  deeds 
of  righteousness.  Bless  the  nation  for  which  these  brave  men  died.  Pur- 
ify, elevate  and  preserve  our  country  in  peace  and  unity.  Enable  us  all  to 
recognize  Thee  as  our  Heavenly  Father  and  all  men  everywhere  as 
brothers.  Now  the  God  of  peace,  who  brought  again  from  the  dead  the 
Great  Shepherd  of  the  sheep  with  the  blood  of  the  eternal  covenant,  even 
our  Lord  Jesus,  make  us  all  perfect  in  every  good  work  to  do  his  will, 
working  in  us  that  which  is  well  pleasing  in  his  sight,  through  Jesus 
Christ;  to  whom  be  glory  for  ever  and  ever.  Amen. 


CEREMONIES  AT  THE  DEDICATION 


OF  THE 


REGIMENTAL  MONUMENTS. 


(61) 


( .W  ) 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

27TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

ORCHARD  KNOB,  NOVEMBER  1STH,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  PRIVATE  JOHN  EMHART. 

COMRADES:— We  have  assembled  on  this  historic  ground  far  from 
our  homes,  to  dedicate  this  monument  to  the  valor  of  our  dead  com- 
rades, and  to  the  heroism  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  and  as 
chairman,  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  make  a  few  remarks. 

The  State  of  Pennsylvania,  by  its  Legislature,  passed  an  act  appro- 
priating one  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  to  each  organization  that 
took  part  in  the  battles  around  Chattanooga.  The  Governor  was  au- 
thorized to  appoint  a  ccmmittee  to  erect  monuments,  and  also  appointed 
a  committee  of  three  of  each  organization  to  select  a  proper  design.  Your 
ccmmittee  has  adopted  this  design  which  was  approved  by  the  Commis- 
sion. 

Comrades,  this  monument  does  not  mark  the  position  which  the  regi- 
ment held  during  the  fight.  The  reason  I  will  briefly  explain.  The  posi- 
tion we  held  being  on  Tunnel  Hill,  that  part  of  the  battle  ground  not  be- 
longing to  the  Government,  and  not  being  in  possession  of  the  Chicka- 
mauga- Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission,  they  decided  to  erect  on 
Orchard  Knob  all  monuments  belonging  to  organizations  whose  positions 
are  not  included  in  the  Battlefield  Park  Ground.  We  all  had  wished  it 
would  mark  the  ground  on  which  so  many  of  our  dear  comrades  gave 
their  lives  that  the  nation  might  live. 

And  now,  to  the  memory  of  our  fallen  comrades  of  the  Twenty-seventh 
Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  to  the  regiment  in  whose  ranks 
they  fell,  we  solemnly  dedicate  this  monument. 


ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  J.  ADELSHEIMER. 

COMRADES:— If  every  man  had  cause  to  kneel  in  thankful  prayer  be- 
fore the  Throne  of  Grace,  we  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  the  few  of  us  who  are  still  left  of  a  once  powerful  regi- 
ment have  ample  cause  to  lift  our  hearts  in  thanks  to  our  Heavenly 
Father,  who  hath  protected  us  to  this  day,  who  hath  guided  our  footsteps 
to  this  sacred  spot. 

Once  before  we  had  the  honor  to  participate  in  a  celebration  of  which 
to-day's  is  a  worthy  counterpart,  when  our  own  Keystone  State,  ever 
mindful  of  the  honor  due  to  her  boys  in  blue,  dedicated  monuments  on 
the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg  to  such  of  her  commands  as  had  partici- 

(63) 


64  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

pated  in  that  most  memorable  battle  of  the  late  war,  and  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Pennsylvania  was  there. 

The  State  of  Pennsylvania  again  does  herself  proud  by  dedicating 
monuments  to  her  sons,  living  and  dead,  who  stood  on  these  fields  in  the 
battles  of  Chickamauga,  Wauhatchie,  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary 
Ridge,  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Pennsylvania  again  was  there. 

Do  you  remember,  comrades,  how  our  corps  commander,  General 
Howard,  came  to  us  in  the  middle  of  the  night,  after  the  battle  of  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  before  starting  us  on  our  march  to  Knoxville  to  the  relief 
of  General  Burnside's  Army,  and  made  a  little  speech  highly  compliment- 
ing the  conduct  of  the  Twenty-seventh  at  the  ridge? 

These  are  the  General's  own  words: 

"The  main  attack  was  along  the  crest  of  the  ridge.  Lieutenant  Colonel 
McAloon  actually  led  his  regiment  (the  Twenty-seventh)  up  that  steep 
acclivity  five  or  six  hundred  feet  high,  under  a  terrific  fire  of  grape  and 
musketry  and  stayed  there  until  he  was  mortally  wounded,  as  was  Lieu- 
tenant Vogelbach  arid  others." 

Again,  in  General  Orders  No.  32,  issued  from  headquarters  Eleventh 
Army  Corps,  December  17,  1863,  in  Lookout  Valley,  after  our  return  from 
the  Knoxville  expedition,  the  General  addressed  the  Twenty-seventh 
Pennsylvania  in  the  following  language:— 

"Words  cannot  express  the  gratitude  and  praise  due  to  a  command 
that  has  so  cheerfully  suffered  every  hardship  in  order  to  perform  its 
trust  and  secure  to  our  country  and  to  our  cause  results  more  glorious 
and  more  valuable  than  any  of  the  war.  The  general  will  now  only  tender 
you  his  warmest  congratulations  and  hearty  thanks  for  the  good  name 
which  you  have  won  and  secured  in  this  eventful  campaign. 

"We  will  not  soon  forget  a  battte  which  has  cost  us  such  precious 
lives  as  those  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  McAloon  and  the  other  dead.  At  the 
post  of  honor  and  duty  these  true  and  noble  soldiers  have  with  their  blood 
enhanced  the  price  of  victory." 

So  spoke  General  Howard  of  the  Twenty-seventh  generally  and  of 
our  Lieutenant  Colonel  McAloon  especially.  Upon  us  devolves  the  sacred 
duty  to  forever  cherish  his  memory. 

Having  a  monument  way  down  east  and  u  monument  way  out  west, 
nearly  a  thousand  miles  apart,  one  might  suppose  the  Twenty-seventh 
had  been  everywhere.  No,  my  comrades!  the  Twenty-seventh  was  not 
everywhere. 

From  the  very  nature  and  extent  of  territory  to  be  covered  no  command 
could  be  everywhere.  But  the  Twenty-seventh  was  very  frequently 
where,  as  one  of  our  men  innocently  remarked  In  June,  '62,  at  the  battle 
of  Cross  Keys  away  up  in  Shenandoah  Valley,  when  he  received  a 
bullet  through  his  cheek,  "By  the  Lord,  I  can't  stand  this;  why,  a  fellow 
isn't  safe  of  his  life  here."  And  the  Twenty-seventh  has  been  in  numbers 
of  such  places  where  the  same  remark  would  hold  good  most  emphati- 
cally. But  the  safety  of  our  lives  was  not  the  subject  for  consideration. 
There  was  another  life  at  stake,  of  far  greater  importance  to  a  far 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  65 

greater  number,  than  any  one  life  of  any  mortal  than  many  thousands 
of  lives  could  ever  be — the  life  of  our  country.  That  life  was  to  be 
preserved,  regardless  of  all  consequences,  that  yet  unborn  generations 
might  enjoy  the  blessings  of  the  best  government  on  earth. 

When  in  1861  we  were  gathered  around  our  flag,  with  heads  bare  and 
uplifted  right  hand  we  swore  to  protect  our  government  against  all  its 
enemies,  we  did  so  full  knowing  the  danger  ahead.  And  in  the  full 
knowledge  of  all  that  was  to  be  endured  by  way  of  hunger,  thirst,  heat, 
cold,  exposure  to  inclemencies  of  the  weather  and  privations  of  all  kinds, 
we  took  that  solemn  oath,  and  with  it  came  a  full  determination  that  we 
would  succeed  or  die  in  the  attempt! 

Did  we  succeed,  my  comrades? 
Let  these  monuments  be  our  answer. 

We  are  standing  to-day  where  we  stood  thirty-four  years  ago,  with  this 
difference  however.  Then  it  was  as  much  as  a  man's  life  was  worth  to 
show  his  head  above  the  breastworks;  to-day  we  go  forth  throughout  the 
length  and  breadth  of  our  land  with  none  to  hinder,  with  none  to  molest. 
Then  the  armies  of  the  north  and  the  armies  of  the  south  were  standing 
opposed  to  each  other  ready  for  the  deadly  conflict;  to-day  our  friends 
from  the  south  and  we  of  the  north  stand  united  in  one  powerful  army  if 
needs  be,  knowing  but  one  cause,  and  ready  to  march  under  one  flag — 
the  flag  of  our  country. 

Coming  here  to-da3^  to  assist  in  the  dedication  of  these  beautiful  monu- 
ments, erected  by  a  grateful  Commonwealth  to  forever  commemorate 
the  deeds  done  by  her  faithful  sons,  the  scenes  enacted  here  years  ago 
again  pass  as  if  in  panoramic  review  before  our  minds.  Again  we  hear 
the  cannon's  roar  and  the  rattle  of  musketry;  again  we  hear  the  shouts  of 
encouragement  of  our  commanding  officers;  again  we  hear  the  tri- 
umphant cheers  of  our  men  as  they  advance  to  the  charge. 

The  noise  and  confusion  of  battle  ceases — we  find  ourselves  in  posses- 
sion of  the  field;  but  oh!  at  what  a  cost.  All  around  us  we  see  our 
fallen  comrades  and  the  moans  of  the  wounded  crying  for  help  reaches  our 
ears.  The  scene  is  heartrending.  But  we  have  become  accustomed  to 
these  scenes,  and  as  for  tea.rs  or  sentiment,  we  have  not  the  time,  for  the 
next  moment  we  may  be  called'  to  other  parts  to  repeat  the  same  per- 
formance over  again.  Night  overtakes  us  where  we  fought,  and  we  sink 
exhausted  to  the  ground  with  our  muskets  clasped  tightly  in  our  arms, 
to  snatch  what  rest  we  can,  and  to  dream  of  our  beloved  ones  at  home. 

The  scene  changes.  One  quiet  Sabbath  morning  the  country  is  electri- 
fied by  the  news  that  Lee  has  surrendered  at  Appomattox  and  the  war  is 
about  over.  We  see  ourselves  marching  home  to  be  welcomed  by  the 
multitude  with  loud  hurrahs.  We  hear  the  bells  ringing  and  their  tones 
are  sweetest  music,  for  they  are  proclaiming  peace  throughout  the  land, 
and  we  my  comrades  are  here  to-day  to  sing  glory  to  God  who  hath  per- 
mitted us  in  our  humble  capacity  to  contribute  our  mite  towards  this 
priceless  consummation.  And  to  ho  one  is  this  consummation  of  greater 
significance  than  to  the  members  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Pennsylvania 
5 


M  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Volunteers,  a  great  many  of  whom  came  from  foreign  shores  to  become 
citizens  of  this  great  country. 

We  came — not  because  we  loved  our  Fatherland  the  less,  but  because 
we  loved  Liberty  the  more,  and  right  here  it  will  be  well  for  us  to  re- 
member that  only  part  of  our  obligation  has  been  fulfilled.  We  swore 
to  serve  our  government  faithfully  and  we  did  so  for  three  years.  We 
also  swore  true  allegiance  to  this  government  and  from  this  obligation 
we  can  never  be  absolved  except  with  our  last  breath,  and  not  even  then 
if  we  have  failed  to  instil  the  spirit  of  loyalty,  love  of  country  and 
patriotism  into  the  hearts  of  our  children. 

At  last  we  come  to  the  saddest  part  of  these  entire  proceedings.  We 
have  enjoyed  immensely  the  opportunity  of  beholding  some  of  the  grand- 
est scenery  not  to  be  surpassed  anywhere.  Over  yonder  looms  up  majes- 
tic Lookout  Mountain,  a  fair  competitor  for  the  glories  of  the  Alpine 
Mountains  in  old  Switzerland.  We  have  received  a  new  inspiration  from 
visiting  these  battlefields  and  the  beautiful  cemeteries  where  our  beloved 
dead  rest  in  peace.  We  have  been  touched  to  the  quick  by  the  cordial  re- 
ception and  hearty  welcome  extended  to  us  by  the  citizens  of  Chatta- 
nooga, and  by  the  men  who  confronted  us  on  those  battlefields,  which 
will  form  one  of  the  sweetest  recollections  to  be  taken  with  us  to  our 
own  homes.  Pleasant  as  has  been  the  opportunity  to  again  touch  elbows 
with  our  old  comrades,  and  again  feel  the  friendly  grasp  of  each  other's 
hand — sweet  as  it  may  have  been  again  to  look  into  each  other's  eyes  and 
renew  the  memories  of  the  day  when  you  and  I  were  young  boys — a  feel- 
ing of  sadness  steals  over  us  when  we  reflect  that  for  many  of  us  this  will 
have  been  the  last  meeting.  Having  already  been  favored  beyond  the 
general  laws  of  nature,  we  may  well  be  prepared  to  answer  the  last  roll 
call,  firmly  relying  upon  the  great  goodness  of  our  "Supreme  Com- 
mander." 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

THE  Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  a  part  of  the  "Washington  Brigade," 
commanded  by  Colonel  William  F.  Small,  was  organized  as  a 
volunteer  militia  regiment,  early  in  January,  1861.  Charles  Ange- 
roth  was  among  the  most  active  in  promoting  its  formation.  On  the 
night  of  the  13th  of  April,  Colonel  Small,  acting  in  compliance  with  orders 
from  the  Secretary  of  War,  started  with  five  companies,  consisting  of 
about  five  hundred  men,  for  Washington,  and  proceeded  in  company 
with  the  Sixth  Massachusetts,  Colonel  Jones,  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington and  Baltimore  Railroad,  occupying  seventeen  passenger  cars. 
On  their  arrival  at  the  President  Street  Station,  horses  were  attached 
to  the  five  foremost  cars,  containing  seven  companies  of  the  Massa- 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  67 

chusetts  Regiment,  and  were  drawn  rapidly  through  the  city  to  the 
Washington  Depot.  After  the  passage  of  these,  the  track  was  barricaded 
by  the  mob.  The  remaining  companies  of  the  Massachusetts  Regiment, 
being  well  armed,  forced  their  way  through,  joined  their  comrades  and 
were  hurried  away  by  rail  to  Washington.  The  mob  returning  com- 
menced an  attack  upon  Colonel  Small's  command  which,  being  unarmed, 
was  forced  to  retire,  losing  several  killed  and  wounded. 

After  the  return  of  the  companies  to  Philadelphia,  the  regiment  was 
re-organized  as  light  artillery,  and  Max  Einstein  was  chosen  Colonel, 
Charles  Angeroth,  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  William  Schoenleber,  Major. 
Its  services  were  then  offered  to  the  Governor,  with  a  view  to  its  being 
mustered  into  the  three  months'  service,  as  a  part  of  the  Pennsylvania 
quota,  but  without  success.  Colonel  Einstein  then  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington and  offered  its  services  to  the  United  States  Government,  which 
were  accepted  under  the  call  for  eighty  thousand  additional  volunteers 
for  a  period  of  three  years,  its  service  to  date  from  the  5th  of  May,  1861, 
and  to  be  armed  and  instructed  as  light  infantry.  It  was  not,  how- 
ever, mustered  in  until  the  30th  and  31st  of  May.  A  few  days  thereafter 
it  received  arms  and  accoutrements,  and  went  into  camp  near  Camden, 
N.  J.  The  entire  regiment  was  recruited  in  Philadelphia,  in  the  dis- 
tricts of  Northern  Liberties  and  Kensington,  and  at  least  one-half  of  its 
members  were  German.  A  number  of  both  officers  and  men  had  seen 
service  in  this  country  and  in  Europe. 

On  the  17th  of  June,  the  regiment  again  received  orders  to  proceed  to 
Washington.  Arriving  at  the  Capitol  on  the  18th,  it  was  placed  in  camp 
on  Kalarama  Heights,  was  subjected  to  strict  military  discipline,  and 
was  instructed  in  company  and  battalion  drill,  and  in  picket  duty. 

Early  in  July  the  forces  assembled  in  and  about  Washington  were  or- 
ganized under  General  M'Dowell  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  was 
assigned  to  Blenker's  Brigade*  of  the  Fifth  Division,  encamped  at 
Hunter's  creek,  near  Alexandria,  which  it  was  ordered  to  join.  On  the 
15th  the  general  forward  movement  of  the  army  towards  Centreville 
commenced.  In  the  battle  which  ensued  at  Bull  Run,  the  Fifth  Division 
was  held  in  reserve  on  the  Centreville  heights,  and  did  not  become  actively 
engaged.  It  remained  in  position  until  past  midnight  of  the  21st,  and 
until  all  the  army  had  retired,  when  it  marched  to  Alexandria,  arriving 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  22d,  bringing  in  abandoned  horses  and  baggage 
wagons  in  considerable  numbers,  and  one  caisson. 

A  few  days  later,  the  Twenty-seventh  moved  to  Arlington  Heights, 
where  it  encamped,  and  received  pay  from  the  date  of  its  acceptance  by 
the  Government,  on  the  5th  of  May.  From  Arlington  it  was  transferred 
to  Roach's  Mill,  Virginia,  where,  early  in  the  month  of  August,  company 
F,  commanded  by  Captain  Spering,  was  detached  and  posted  at  the  Wash- 

*Organlzation  of  the  First  Brigade,  Colonel  Louis  Blenker,  Fifth  Division;  Colonel 
Dixon  S.  Miles,  Eighth  Regiment  New  Tork  Volunteers,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Stahel; 
Twenty-ninth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel  Von  Steinwehr;  Garabaldi 
Guard.  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel  D'Utassy;  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers,  Colonel  Max  Ensteln. 


68  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Ington  Arsenal,  where  it  remained  during  its  entire  term  of  service. 
Early  in  September,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Angeroth  and  Major  Sohoen- 
leber  resigned,  and  Adolph  Buschbeck  and  Lorenz  Oantador,  both  of 
Philadelphia,  were  appointed  by  General  McClellan  to  fill  the  vacan- 
cies. Subsequently,  upon  the  muster  out  of  Colonel  Einstein,  these 
gentlemen  were  appointed  respectively  Colonel  and  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
and  Captain  John  N.  Lang,  of  Company  I,  Major.  In  the  latter  part  of 
September,  by  order  of  the  War  Department,  Company  G,  Captain  Bier- 
wirth,  was  transferred  to  the  Sixty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Regiment 

During  the  summer  months  and  the  early  fall  the  regiment  was  en- 
gaged under  the  direction  of  the  engineers,  in  building  forts,  clearing 
woods,  and  making  roads;  Forts  Scott,  Cameron,  Blenker,  and  Barnard — 
elaborate  and  substantial  structures — attesting  the  devotion  and  patriot- 
ism of  the  men  of  the  Twenty-seventh,  not  less  than  the  stern  bravery 
which  they  afterwards  exhibited  on  the  battlefield. 

On  the  8th  of  October  it  was  ordered  to  Hunter's  Chapel,  Virginia, 
where  it  went  into  winter  quarters.  While  off  fatigue  duty  it  was  in- 
structed in  brigade  and  battalion  drill,  and  for  two  months  was  engaged 
in  out-post  duty  at  Annandale.  An  attack  was  here  made  upon  the 
pickets  by  rebel  cavalry  and  artillery,  but,  finding  the  men  on  the  alert, 
they  withdrew  to  a  distance  and  contented  themselves  with  shelling  the 
Union  line.  In  the  month  of  December,  1861,  the  officers  received  their 
commissions  from  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  bearing  date  of  the 
5th  of  May,  preceding,  and  in  February,  1862,  the  regiment  was  provided 
with  the  State  colors.  In  the  organization  of  the  army  under  McClellan, 
the  Twenty-seventh  was  assigned  to  Stahel's  Brigade,*  Blenker's  Divi- 
sion, Sumner's  Corps. 

On  the  10th  of  March,  1862,  orders  were  received  to  march  with  three 
days'  rations,  leaving  knapsacks,  tents,  and  all  surplus  baggage  in 
camp,  and  taking  only  overcoats  and  blankets.  Advancing  through 
Fairfax  to  Centreville,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  halt,  while  the  re- 
mainder of  the  corps  proceeded  in  the  direction  of  Manassas.  After  a  de- 
lay of  some  two  weeks,  it  rejoined  the  command  at  Salem,  Virginia. 
Here  the  men  suffered  much  from  the  effects  of  the  severe  weather,  a 
snow  storm  prevailing,  which  lasted  three  days,  the  men  being  with- 
out shelter,  and  obliged  to  encamp  in  the  open  field. 

Blenker's  Division,  having  been  transferred  from  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  to  Fremont's  command,  in  the  mountain  department,  marched 
to  Paris'  Ferry  on  the  Shenandoah  river,  with  the  design  of  joining  it. 
The  rebels  had  destroyed  the  ferry,  and  a  considerable  delay  ensued, 
during  which  the  troops  suffered  greatly  for  want  of  food.  The  supply 
train  had  been  ordered  forward,  but  was  unable  to  find  the  division, 
and  had  returned  to  Washington,  leaving  the  command  to  eke  out  a 

»OrganIzation  of  Stahel's  Brigade,  Blenker's  Division,  Sumner's  Corps.  Twenty-sev- 
enth Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  Buschbeck;  Eighth  Regiment  New 
York  Volunteers.  Colonel  Vv'utschel;  Thirty-ninth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers, 
Colonel  D'Utassey;  Fortieth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers  De  Kalb,  Colonel  Von 
Gllsa. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  69 

scanty  subsistence  by  foraging.  Rafts  were  constructed  for  the  pur- 
pose of  crossing;  but  the  sinking  of  the  first  that  was  freighted,  and 
the  drowning  of  eighty  men  of  the  Seventy-fourth  Pennsylvania,  caused 
the  design  of  crossing  upon  rafts  to  be  abandoned.  The  command  then 
moved  down  to  Snicker's  Ferry,  where  it  passed  over  in  safety,  and  pro- 
ceeding via  Berryville,  went  into  camp  at  Wood's  Mills,  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Winchester,  where  it  rested  for  a  few  days,  and  the  regi- 
ment received  two  months'  pay.  Advancing  through  Winchester,  it 
crossed  the  mountains,  and  halted  for  two  days  at  Romney,  where  the 
men  received  new  clothing.  Resuming  the  march,  the  division  passed 
through  Petersburg  and  joined  Fremont's  army  at  Franklin.  With  the 
exception  of  fresh  beef,  provisions  were  scarce,  and  salt  was  not  to  be 
had.  But  one  and  a  half  days'  rations  of  bread  were  issued  in  ten  days. 

While  in  camp  at  Franklin  intelligence  was  received  of  the  defeat  of 
Banks,  and  of  his  retreat  down  the  valley  pursued  by  Stdnewall  Jack- 
son. Fremont  was  ordered  to  hasten  forward  and  endeavor  to  cut  off 
the  latter's  retreat.  For  a  week  the  army  moved  without  cessation, 
passing  through  Petersburg,  Moorefield  and  Wardensville,  several  times 
fording  deep  and  rapid  streams,  endeavoring  by  forced  marches  to  gain 
the  valley  in  advance  of  the  enemy.  Failing  in  this,  his  rear  guard  was 
encountered  at  Strasburg,  and  the  race  up  the  valley,  through  Eden- 
burg,  New  Market,  Woodstock,  Mount  Jackson  and  Harrisonburg,  was 
an  exciting  one.  At  Mount  Jackson  the  enemy  had  destroyed  the  bridge 
over  the  Shenandoah  as  he  retreated,  and  the  pursuit  was  delayed  till 
the  pontoon  train  could  come  up.  On  the  night  of  the  4th  of  June,  the 
Twenty-seventh  Regiment  was  ordered 'to  cross  the  river.  Passing  fifteen 
men  at  a  time,  they  were,  on  landing,  deployed  as  skirmishers  and  moved 
forward,  the  enemy's  cavalry  retiring  nearly  a  mile  and  taking  position 
on  a  hill.  At  noon  on  the  following  day  the  bridge  was  completed,  and  a 
part  of  the  New  York  mounted  rifles  crossed;  but  they  were  scarcely  over 
when  the  bridge  suddenly  parted,  severing  the  detachment  from  the  rest 
of  the  army,  Companies  A  and  B,  of  the  Twenty-seventh,  sent  out  as 
skirmishers,  having  already  met  and  engaged  the  enemy.  The  continual 
rain  which  prevailed  caused  a  freshet,  and,  to  increase  the  volume  of 
water,  the  enemy  had  cut  a  dam  above.  Soon  the  entire  country  around 
was  flooded,  cutting  off  the  skirmishers,  who  had  to  be  brought  in  by  the 
cavalry.  Fortunately  the  ground  occupied  by  the  regiment  was  high; 
still  the  men  were  obliged  to  stand  during  the  night  in  water  several 
inches  in  depth.  At  noon  next  day  the  bridge  was  repaired  and  the  army 
moved  forward.  At  Harrisonburg,  Bayard's  Cavalry  and  the  Bucktails 
from  McDowell's  command,  had  a  severe  skirmish  with  the  enemy,  in 
which  the  rebel  General  Ashby  was  killed. 

On  Sunday,  June  8th,  Jackson  took  up  a  position  at  Cross  Keys,  five 
miles  beyond  Harrisonburg,  and  prepared  to  give  battle  to  Fremont. 
Forming  his  line  with  the  division  of  Schenck  on  the  right,  Milroy  in  the 
centre,  and  Blenker  on  the  left,  Fremont  advanced  to  the  attack.  The 
Twenty-seventh  Regiment  held  the  right  of  General  Stahel's  Brigade. 


70  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Companies  B  and  K,  Captains  Jatho  and  McAloon,  were  ordered  forward 
as  skirmishers,  and  were  soon  exchanging  shots  with  the  enemy.  Ad- 
vancing some  distance  through  a  wood,  to  a  hill  where  a  battery  was  be- 
ing posted,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  take  position  for  its  support. 
For  four  hours  the  men  lay  under  the  heavy  fire  of  the  enemy's  guns,  the 
shot  and  shell  flying  thick  and  fast,  killing  and  wounding  at  almost  every 
discharge,  and  though  this  was  their  first  real  engagement,  they  held  the 
position  with  the  steadiness  of  veterans.  Towards  evening  it  was  dis- 
covered that  Fremont  had  repealled  his  forces  and  that  the  army  had 
fallen  back;  but  as  the  regiment  had  received  no  orders  to  retire,  it  re- 
mained until  the  enemy  had  outflanked  it,  and  had  gained  a  position  in 
its  rear,  which,  during  the  day,  had  been  occupied  by  the  Forty-fifth  New 
York  as  reserves,  thus  completely  cutting  it  off  from  the  main  body. 
Soon  the  rebels  were  seen  advancing.  At  this  juncture,  Colonel  Busch- 
beck,  discovering  the  state  of  affairs,  faced  the  regiment  about,  and  send- 
ing forward  skirmishers,  under  Captain  Jatho,  commanded  the  men  to 
charge  bayonets.  Attached  to  the  regiment  was  the  remnant  of  the 
Bucktails,  about  one  hundred  men.  The  Colonel  gallantly  leading,  they 
advanced  to  the  charge  with  cheers,  driving  the  enemy  from  the  woods 
and  holding  one  of  his  entire  brigades  in  check,  until  the  battery  was  safe, 
when  they  retired  unmolested,  taking  with  them  nearly  all  their  wounded. 
While  marching  to  rejoin  their  command  they  were  mistaken  for  the 
enemy,  and  fired  upon  by  one  of  our  own  batteries,  the  belief  prevailing 
that  they  had  all  been  captured.  As  the  column  approached  the  point 
where  the  army  was  stationed  it  was  met  by  Colonel  Pilson,  aid  to  Gen- 
eral Fremont,  who  had  been  sent  to  thank  the  regiment,  in  the  name  of 
the  General,  for  its  gallant  behavior  in  saving  its  battery,  and  in  cutting 
its  way  out  when  surrounded.  The  total  strength  in  this  engagement  was 
six  hundred.  The  loss  was  one  officer  and  fourteen  men  killed,  three  offi- 
cers and  eighty-seven  men  wounded. 

On  the  following  day  the  army  followed  the  retreating  enemy  towards 
Port  Republic;  but,  finding  the  bridge  destroyed  and  Jackson  escaped, 
General  Fremont  commenced  a  retrograde  movement  down  the  valley. 
At  Mount  Jackson  a  halt  was  made  for  a  few  days;  but,  hearing  that  the 
enemy  were  again  advancing,  the  movement  was  continued  to  Middle- 
town,  near  Winchester.  General  Fremont  was  here  superseded  in  the 
command  of  the  Mountain  Department  by  Major  General  Franz  Sigel. 
In  the  re-organization  of  the  army  which  ensued,  the  Twenty-seventh 
was  attached  to  the  First  Brigade,  General  Stahel,  First  Division,  Gen- 
eral Sohenck,  First  Corps  of  the  Army  of  Virginia,  commanded  by  Gen- 
eral Pope. 

On  the  7th  of  July,  General  Pope  having  ordered  his  scattered  com- 
mands to  concentrate  for  the  purpose  of  meeting  Lee's  army,  now  released 
from  the  vicinity  of  Richmond  by  the  withdrawal  of  McClellan,  Sigel's 
column  marched  through  Front  Royal,  up  the  Luray  Valley  to  Milford, 
and  thence  across  the  Blue  Ridge  to  Sperryville.  The  men  suffered  sev- 
erely on  the  march  from  the  effects  of  the  intense  heat,  and  several  were 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  71 

prostrated  by  sun-stroke,  from  the  effects  of  which  one,  a  private  in 
Company  I  died.  In  the  absence  of  Colonel  Buschbeck,  occasioned  by 
sickness,  the  command  devolved  on  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cantador.  Re- 
maining at  Sperryville  till  the  28th,  the  regiment  moved  to  Madison 
Court  House,  where  it  was  joined  by  the  Forty-fifth  New  York  and  the 
Mountain  Battery,  the  whole  under  command  of  Colonel  Cluseret,  forming 
the  extreme  out-post  of  the  army.  On  account  of  the  exposed  position 
here  occupied,  it  was  deemed  prudent  to  fall  back,  and  taking  up  a  strong 
position  the  command  encamped,  from  whence  foraging  parties  were 
frequently  sent  out  into  the  country  occupied  by  the  enemy  but  without 
meeting  any  resistance. 

On  the  9th  of  August  the  regiment  was  ordered  back  to  the  division, 
then  marching  to  Culpepper  Court  House,  and  rejoined  it  on  the  llth,  the 
day  on  which  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  was  fought.  Colonel  Busch- 
beck having  returned,  resumed  command,  and  the  regiment  marched  on 
the  13th  to  Crooked  River  Chapel,  where  it  remained  until  the  18t'h. 
Shelter  tents  were  here  received,  the  command,  since  the  10th  of  March, 
having  been  almost  continually  on  the  move,  fording  streams,  crossing 
mountains,  and  camping  out  in  the  most  variable  climate  without  shelter. 
On  the  18th  Pope  commenced  his  retreat,  the  Twenty-seventh  forming 
part  of  the  rear  guard,  being  almost  continually  under  fire  during  the 
day,  and  at  night  obliged  to  make  forced  marches  to  re-join  the  retiring 
column. 

At  Rappahannock  station  and  at  Freeman's  Ford,  the  regiment  lay  for 
two  days  exposed  to  a  heavy  artillery  fire  from  across  the  Rappahannock, 
and  was  again  under  a  hot  fire  at  White  Sulphur  Springs.  The  columns 
of  Lee,  after  spending  several  days  in  fruitless  attempts  to  force  a  cross- 
ing on  the  lower  Rappahannock,  commenced  to  move  -further  north.  At 
Waterloo  bridge  the  Twenty-seventh  stubbornly  and  successfully  resisted 
the  vigorous  demonstrations  of  the  enemy,  and,  late  at  night,  after  the 
whole  army  was  at  Warrenton,  fell  back,  reaching  the  main  body  at  early 
dawn.  The  enemy  followed  close  upon  the  retreat  and  were  soon  throw- 
ing their  shells  into  the  Union  ranks. 

From  Warrenton  the  comrr.and  moved  to  Gainesville.  On  the  night  of 
the  27th  of  August,  Companies  A,  B,  C  and  D  were  ordered  out  on  picket 
duty,  and  on  the  following  day  captured  a  number  of  rebel  stragglers. 
Jackson,  followed  by  Longstreet,  having  passed  around  via  Thorough- 
fare Gap,  was  now  between  Pope's  army  and  Centreville.  At  eight  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  the  28th  the  regiment  moved  in  the  direction  of  Ma- 
nassas  Junction;  but,  before  proceeding  far,  turned  in  the  direction  of 
Centreville.  Arriving  at  Groveton,  near  Bull  Run,  the  regiment  was  met 
by  General  Sigel,  who  led  it  off  the  road  and  personally  posted  it  on  a  high 
hill,  ordering  the  men  to  lie  down  and  keep  quiet.  Scarcely  had  they 
gained  their  position  when  the  enemy  were  heard  marching  up  through 
the  woods  in  front.  They  were  allowed  to  approach  unsuspecting  until 
quite  near,  when  the  order  was  given,  and  infantry  and  artillery  opened 
a  murderous  fire  at  short  range.  The  attack  was  so  sudden  and  unex- 


72  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

pected  that  the  survivors  seemed  completely  bewildered,  and  were  only 
able  to  fire  a  straggling  volley. 

Moving  to  the  right  and  advancing  a  short  distance,  the  line  was  re- 
formed on  the  old  battle  ground  of  Bull  Run.  The  First  Division  of 
Sigel's  Corps  was  posted  on  the  left,  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment 
was  on  the  left  of  the  division.  The  batteries  were  early  engaged,  and 
the  infantry  was  ordered  forward,  Companies  I  and  K,  Captains  Ackley 
and  McAloon,  being  thrown  out  as  skirmishers.  Though  encountering 
severe  opposition,  the  line  continued  to  advance  and  steadily  drove  the 
onemy,  the  batteries  following  up  and  shelling  the  hostile  ranks  when- 
ever an  opportunity  presented.  Having  driven  the  enemy  back  some 
three  miles  from  the  firs*  position,  and  pushed  forward  too  far  in  ad- 
vance of  the  rest  of  the  corps,  the  regiment  was  re-called;  but  by  some 
mistake  Captain  Ackley,  of  Company  I,  not  being  notified  of  the  with- 
drawal, continued  to  advance  with  his  company,  steadily  driving  the 
enemy's  skirmishers. 

In  the  meantime,  General  Milroy  being  hard  pressed,  Stahel's  Brigade 
was  ordered  to  his  support.  By  mistake  of  some  staff  officer,  the  column 
was  led  between  the  fires  of  our  own  and  the  enemy's  batteries.  The  sight 
of  the  brigade  in  this  perilous  position,  quickened  the  energies  of  the  rebel 
gunners  who  plied  the  ranks  furiously  with  shot  and  shell,  our  own  guns, 
before  which  it  was  passing,  being  vigorously  worked  to  silence*  them. 
The  passage  of  this  gauntlet  of  batteries  was  performed  on  the  double 
quick,  and  fortunately  with  but  small  loss.  For  half  a  mile  the  brigade 
was  exposed  to  the  enemy's  fire,  and  it  seems  almost  incredible  that  it 
should  have  escaped  without  utter  annihilation.  But  the  rebel  gunners 
were  too  much  excited  to  fire  with  precision,  using  principally  solid  shot, 
apparently  short  of  shells,  and  entirely  destitute  of  canister. 

Finding  Milroy,  with  his  brigade  of  loyal  Virginians,  able  to  hold  his 
own,  the  column  was  ordered  to  return  to  i'ts  former  position  on  the  left, 
and  was  there  met  by  Captain  Ackley,  with  his  company.  The  Captain 
had  advanced  until  the  enemy  discovered  how  insignificant  a  force  was 
driving  them,  when  they  in  turn  assumed  the  offensive,  and  soon  forced 
the  company  to  retire,  which  was  done  jn  good  order,  but  narrowly  es- 
caped capture.  The  brigade  now  took  position  in  line  of  battle  in  a  wood, 
with  Companies  A  and  B  of  the  Twenty-seventh  thrown  forward  as  skir- 
mishers. In  front  was  an  open  field,  and  the  rebels  occupied  a  wood  sev- 
eral hundred  yards  beyond.  The  skirmishers  soon  became  engaged,  but 
were  unable  to  drive  the  enemy  from  their  cover.  While  the  skirmish 
was  in  progress,  two  pieces  of  a  light  battery  were  procured,  charged 
with  grape  and  canister,  run  out  on  the  skirmish  line  and  rapidly  fired. 
These  pieces,  though  twelve-pounders,  could  be  easily  worked  by  two 
men,  and  were  very  effective  at  short  range.  A  few  discharges  were 
sufficient  to  clear  the  woods  and  the  line  was  again  advancing.  Soon 
after,  the  victorious  column  was  relieved  by  General  McDowell's  Corps. 
Retiring  a  short  distance  to  the  right  rear,  the  command  encamped  for 
the  night,  well  satisfied  with  the  events  of  the  day. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA  73 

On  the  30th  of  August,  the  First  Corps  took  position  in  the  centre,  with 
Porter's  Corps  on  the  right,  which  soon  became  engaged.  The  conflict  in 
the  centre  did  not  commence  till  afternoon,  when,  Porter  having  been 
driven  back,  the  enemy  attempted  to  pass  in  front  to  re-enforce  their 
right,  now  pressing  heavily  upon  our  left.  For  three  hours  the  centre 
stood  firm,  holding  its  position  on  a  high  hill  and  successfully  hurling 
back  every  onset  of  the  enemy.  But  towards  evening,  by  the  withdrawal 
of  Porter's  Corps,  he  was  enabled  to  flank  it  on  the  right  and  to  plant 
batteries  to  take  the  position,  at  the  same  time  attacking  it  in  front. 
At  this  juncture  Companies  I  and  K,  Captains  Ackley  and  McAloon,  were 
at  the  extreme  front,  supporting  Battery  B,  Second  United  States  Ar- 
tillery. A  great  number  O'f  the  artillery  men  having  been  wounded  and 
killed,  infantry  men  from  these  companies  took  their  places  at  the  guns. 
The  battle  had  now  reached  its  height.  The  entire  artillery  of  the  First 
Corps,  admirably  planted  and  served,  had  concentrated  its  fire  on  the 
advancing  rebel  masses.  Our  left  and  right  had  been  driven  back;  the 
centre  alone  stood  firm,  the  enemy  straining  every  nerve  to  force  it  from 
the  strong  position  it  occupied.  His  batteries  on  our  right  having  ob- 
tained the  exact  range,  planted  shot  and  shell  in  quick  succession  in  the 
very  -midst  of  the  line,  one  shell  bursting  among  the  color  guard,  killing 
one  and  wounding  several.  At  the  most  critical  moment  of  the  battle 
General  Schenck  was  wounded,  when  General  Stahel  assumed  command 
of  the  division,  and  Colonel  Buschbeck,  of  the  brigade.  Notwithstanding 
the  desperate  efforts  made  by  the  enemy  to  gain  the  centre,  the  ground 
was  held  until  dark,  and  then,  yielding  to  overwhelming  odds,  it  retired 
in  good  order,  crossing  Bull  Run  bridge  at  midnight  and  with  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  of  the  Bucktails,  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment,  was  the  last 
to  cross.  The  bridge  was  then  destroyed. 

On  the  following  day  the  command  fell  back  to  Centreville,  in  the  midst 
of  a  drizzling  rain,  and  from  thence  through  Vienna  to  Langley,  the 
enemy  following  closely,  and  shelling  the  retiring  column  whenever  an 
opportunity  presented.  At  Langley,  the  regiment  was  for  several  days 
engaged  in  picket  duty,  when  it  fell  back  still  further  to  the  vicinity  of 
Fort  De  Kalb.  Captain  Ackley,  and  twenty-five  men  of  Company  C,  were 
ordered  to  Washington  on  special  duty,  where  they  were  kept  several 
months.  The  regiment  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  Chain  Bridge,  several 
times  shifting  camp,  and  engaged  in  picket  duty  at  Falls  Church,  until 
the  21st  of  September,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Centreville.  On  the  24th,  the 
Twenty-seventh  Pennsylvania  and  Seventy-third  Ohio,  a  section  of  ar- 
tillery and  a  squadron  of  cavalry,  all  under  Colonel  Buschbeck,  were 
ordered  on  a  reconnoissance.  At  Bristoe  Station,  the  rebel  guard  was 
captured.  Finding  a  notice  posted  ordering  rebel  conscripts  to  assemble 
in  a  neighboring  village  on  that  evening,  Companies  A  and  B  were  de- 
tailed to  receive  them;  but  only  succeeding  in  capturing  eight,  the  rest 
failing  to  appear.  The  next  morning  the  rebel  train  approached  within  a 
quarter  mile  of  the  station,  but  the  engineer  perceiving  that  the  place 
had  fallen  into  other  hands,  hastily  returned. 


74  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

On  the  26th  of  October,  the  Twenty-seventh  was  attached  to  the  First 
Brigade*  of  the  Second  Division,  Colonel  Buschbeck  being  placed  in  com- 
mand. For  two  years  it  had  shared  the  fate  of  this  brigade,  to  which  it 
was  originally  attached.  Upon  its  departure  General  Stahel  expressed  his 
regret  for  its  loss,  and  paid  a  flattering  tribute  to  its  conduct  in  field  and 
camp  while  under  his  command,  and  on  leaving  Centreville  the  whole 
brigade  was  drawn  up  in  line,  cheering  heartily  as  the  regiment  passed 
by.  Joining  the  Second  Division,  at  Fairfax  Court  House,  after  a  few 
days  delay,  it  marched  through  Centreville,  New  Baltimore,  Haymarket, 
Gainesville,  to  Thoroughfare  Gap,  where  it  encamped.  Here  an  election 
was  held  for  Major,  to  supply  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation 
of  John  N.  Lang,  resulting  in  the  choice  of  Captain  Peter  A.  McAloon,  of 
Company  K. 

In  the  meantime  General  Burnside  had  assumed  command  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  in  the  re-organization  which  ensued,  the  Twenty- 
seventh  was  attached  to  the  Eleventh  Corps.  General  Sigel  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  reserve  division,  consisting  of  the  Eleventh 
and  Twelfth  Corps,  and  General  Stahel  to  the  command  of  the  Eleventh 
Corps.  Remaining'  at  Thoroughfare  Gap  until  November  17th,  the  regi- 
ment fell  back  to  the  neighborhood  of  Germantown,  where  it  went  into 
winter  quarters,  but  on  the  5th  of  December  it  was  ordered  to  move  to 
Hibernia  Hill,  beyond  Fairfax  Court  House.  Here  details  were  made 
from  the  regiment  to  build  corduroy  roads,  which  were  continued  until 
the  8th,  when  it  marched  in  the  direction  of  Fredericksburg.  Passing 
through  Dumfries  and  Stafford  Court  House,  it  arrived  on  the  evening 
of  the  15th  at  Falmouth.  Remaining  in  this  vicinity,  drilling  and  doing 
picket  duty  until  the  13th  of  January,  it  was  ordered  to  United  States 
Ford,  where  it  was  detailed  to  build  a  road  above  the  ford,  and  to  clear 
away  the  neighboring  hills  for  planting  batteries.  Engaged  in  this  duty 
until  the  17th,  it  was,  on  that  day,  ordered  to  accompany  the  pontoon 
train  to  Bank's  Ford;  but  rain  and  night  both  setting  in,  and  the  road 
being  obstructed  by  the  artillery,  advancing  from  an  opposite  direction, 
the  column  was  unable  to  reach  its  destination,  and  morning  found  pon- 
toon train,  artillery  and  troops  ingloriously  stuck  in  the  mud.  For  two 
days,  in  the  midst  of  driving  snow  and  rain,  without  shelter  and  with 
scarcely  any  fire,  the  men  toiled  in  extricating  the  pontoons.  During  the 
first  night  no  fire  was  allowed  and  the  clothing  of  the  men,  which  had  be- 
come throughly  drenched,  was  frozen  stiff.  Returning  again  to  Falmouth 
on  the  23d,  the  regiment  went  into  winter  quarters,  but  only  remained  till 
the  5th  of  February,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Stafford  Court  House,  where 
the  corps  was  encamped. 

In  the  meantime  General  Burnside  had  been  superseded  in  the  com- 
mand of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  by  General  Hooker,  and  by  the  middle 

•Organization  of  the  First  Brigade.  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, Colonel  Cantador;  Seventy -third  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel 
Moore;  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel  Soest;  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-fourth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel  Jones. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  75 

of  April,  was  opening  the  campaign  of  Chancellorsville.  On  the  15th  the 
brigade  was  ordered  to  Kelly's  Ford,  where  it  arrived  on  the  following  day 
and  encamped  in  the  woods  near  by.  Here  it  remained  guarding  the  ford 
till  the  28th,  when  the  Fifth,  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  arrived.  On 
the  night  of  the  29th  the  Twenty-seventh  and  the  Seventy-third  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiments  crossed  the  river  on  pontoons,  routed  the  enemy  sta- 
tioned on  the  opposite  bank,  advanced  some  distance  and  remained  out 
all  night  on  the  skirmish  line.  During  the  night  and  following  day  the 
rest  of  the  army  crossed,  the  two  regiments  first  over  remaining  at  the 
ford  till  all  had  passed,  and  following  up  and  joining  the  army  at  Ger- 
mania  Mills.  Here  the  Twenty-seventh  crossed  the  Rapidan,  and,  after 
a  brief  respite,  continued  the  march,  reaching  Dodd's  Tavern,  near  the 
Wilderness,  late  at  night.  Taking  position  early  in  the  morning  the  men 
were  ordered  to  throw  up  breast-works.  On  the  1st  of  May  the  enemy 
felt  the  line  heavily,  but  did  not  succeed  in  breaking  it.  The  regiment 
remained  out  during  the  following  night  on  the  skirmish  line,  and  was  re- 
lieved in  the  morning  by  the  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  New  York. 
The  Second  Brigade  was,  on  the  2d  of  May,  detached  and  ordered  to  the 
support  of  the  Third  Corps,  under  Sickles.  In  the  afternoon  the  enemy 
succeeded  in  turning  the  right  flank  of  the  First  and  Third  Divisions  of 
the  Corps,  and  attacked  in  overwhelming  numbers  under  Stonewall  Jack- 
son, driving  them  in  the  direction  of  Colonel  Buschbeck's  Brigade,  now 
numbering  but  fifteen  hundred  muskets.  Immediately  on  discovering 
the  condition  of  affairs,  he  ordered  the  Twenty-ninth  New  York  and  the 
Twenty-seventh  Pennsylvania  to  advance.  Both  went  forward  in  gal- 
lant style  and  herocially  endeavored  to  check  the  enemy's  fierce  onset, 
but  in  vain.*  The  enemy  literally  swarmed  on  every  side.  After  losing 
half  their  number,  the  two  regiments  were  forced  to  retire,  but  contested 
every  step  of  ground  till  they  reached  the  Chancellor  House,*  where  the 
corps  re-formed  and  remained  for  the  night.  At  ten  o'clock  on  the  same 
night  the  rebels  made  another  furious  assault  upon  the  position  held  by 

•During-  the  time  occupied  In  the  dispersion  of  Devon's  and  Schurz's  Divisions,  Stein- 
wehr  had  rapidly  changed  front  and  thrown  Buschbeck's  Brigade  into  these  works.  The 
other  brigade  of  his  division  had  been  sent  to  support  Sickles.  Some  of  Schurz's  men 
rally  on  Buschbeck,  and  for  a  short  time  the  Confederate  advance  is  arrested.— The 
Battlefields  of  Virginia  (rebel),  p.  50. 

tExtract  from  General  Von  Stelnwehr's  report,  dated  Headquarters  Second  Division, 
Eleventh  Corps,  May  8,  1863.  «  *  *  Soon  I  heard  heavy  firing  in  that  direction 
which  showed  that  a  strong  attack  was  made  upon  our  corps.  When  I  arrived  upon  the 
field  I  found  Colonel  Buschbeck,  with  three  regiments  of  his  brigade,  the  Twenty-sev- 
enth and  Seventy-third  Pennsylvania  and  One  Hundred  and  Fifty- fourth  New  York, 
still  occupying  the  seme  ground  near  the  tavern,  and  defending  this  position  with  great 
firmness  and  gallantry.  The  attack  of  the  enemy  was  very  powerful,  they  emerged 
from  the  woods  in  close  column  and  had  thrown  the  First  and  Third  Divisions,  which 
retired  towards  Chancellcrsville,  in  great  confusion.  Colonel  Buschbeck  succeeded  to 
check  the  progress  of  the  enemy,  and  I  directed  him  to  hold  his  position  as  long  as  pos- 
sible. His  men  fought  with  great  determination  and  courage;  soon,  however,  the 
enemy  gained  both  wings  of  the  brigade  and  the  enfilading  fire  which  was  now  opened 
upon  the  small  force,  and  which  killed  and  wounded  nearly  one-third  of  its  whole 
strength,  soon  forced  them  to  retire.  Colonel  Buschbeck  then  withdrew  his  small 
brigade  in  perfect  order  towards  the  woods,  the  enemy  closely  pressing  on.  Twice  he 
halted,  faced  around,  and  at  last  reached  the  rear  of  General  Sickles'  Corps,  which 
had  been  drawn  up  in  position  near  Chancellorsville. 


76  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Sickles  and  Pleasanton,  and  for  nearly  two  hours  made  desperate  at- 
tempts to  break  their  lines,  but  were  repeatedly  repulsed  with  great 
slaughter  and  shortly  before  midnight  sullenly  retired. 

On  the  following  morning,  Sunday,  May  3,  the  Twenty-seventh  took 
position  along  a  line  of  breast-works,  leading  to  United  States  Ford;  but 
beyond  an  occasional  skirmish  it  was  not  engaged,  though  the  battle 
raged  heavily  on  the  right  throughout  the  entire  day.  On  the  6th  the  re- 
treat of  Hooker's  army  commenced,  and  on  the  7th  the  regiment  arrived 
at  its  old  camp  ground,  near  Stafford  Court  House. 

The  rebel  leader,  now  rejoicing  in  his  strength,  determined  to  assume 
the  offensive,  and  commenced,  early  in  June,  his  movement  on  Penn- 
sylvania. On  the  12th  of  June  the  Eleventh  Corps  marched  through  Vir- 
ginia to  Edwards'  Ferry,  where  it  crossed  the  Potomac  and  moved 
through  Maryland  to  Emmittsburg,  halting  for  a  day.  During  the  march 
the  Eleventh  Corps  had  been  in  the  advance,  but  at  this  point  the  First 
Corps  pushed  ahead.  The  entire  movement  had  been  rapid,  the  men  suf- 
fering greatly  from  heat,  many  of  them  foot-sore.  On  the  1st  of  July  the 
corps  was  ordered  to  march  in  quick  time  to  Gettysburg.  On  the  way  the 
sad  intelligence  of  the  fall  of  General  Reynolds,  then  in  chief  command 
at  the  front,  was  received.  Pushing  forward  more  rapidly,  it  arrived 
in  the  village  shortly  after  noon  and  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  was 
ordered  to  take  possession  of  the  jail,  church,  and  the  school  building  at 
one  end  of  the  town  and  make  preparations  to  defend  the  entrance  from 
that  direction.  The  First  and  Third  Divisions,  in  position  to  the  north 
of  the  town,  being  engaged  and  already  hard  pressed  the  First  Brigade, 
now  under  command  of  Colonel  Costar,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty- 
fourth  New  York,  was  ordered  forward  to  their  support.  Hastening 
through  the  town  at  a  double  quick,  the  Twenty-seventh  went  into  posi- 
tion near  a  brick  kiln,  with  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  New 
York  on  the  left.  In  deploying  the  latter  regiment  moved  too  far  to  the 
right,  leaving  a  gap  between  it  and  the  next  regiment  to  the  left,  the  One 
Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  New  York.  On  perceiving  this,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Cantador  ordered  the  second  battalion  of  the  Twenty-seventh  to 
be  thrown  into  the  gap,  but,  owing  to  the  din  and  confusion  of  the  battle, 
the  order  was  only  partially  executed,  and  but  about  fifty  men  under 
Lieutenant  Vogelbach  reached  the  position.  In  moving  they  were  obliged 
to  cross  an  open  field  that  was  swept  by  the  fire  of  Early's  advancing 
troops,  from  which  they  suffered  severely.  These  three  small  regiments 
fought  desperately  to  hold  their  line,  and  until  both  flanks  were  turned, 
when  they  slowly  retired,  fighting  their  way  to  Cemetery  Hill.  Lieuten- 
ant Vogelbach,  with  a  part  of  the  Twenty-seventh  and  the  One  Hundred 
and  Fifty-fourth  New  York  entire,  failing  to  perceive,  until  too  late,  that 
the  brigade  had  fallen  back,  attempted  to  re-join  it,  but  found  themselves 
entirely  cut  off,  the  rebels  being  in  advance  of  them  pursuing  our  re- 
treating column  into  town.  This  fragment  of  the  Twenty-seventh,  how- 
ever, attempted  to  cut  its  way  through,  when  Lieutenant  Vogelbach  was 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  77 

shot  down,  and  the  men,  being  without  a  leader,  and  entirely  surrounded, 
were  forced  to  submit  to  be  taken  prisoners. 

The  remainder  of  the  regiment  had  forced  its  way  back  to  Cemetery 
Hill,  and  was  posted  behind  the  stone  walls  to  the  left  of  the  Baltimore 
pike.  On  the  evening  of  the  2d,  the  enemy  made  a  desperate  assault  on 
that  part  of  the  line,  and  attempted  to  take  the  battery  which  it  was 
supporting.  As  the  rebels  were  advancing  to  the  attack,  a  mounted  man 
in  the  national  uniform,  representing  himself  as  a  staff  officer,  rode  up  and 
ordered  the  regiment  to  fall  back  some  distance  to  a  wall  in  the  rear. 
The  order  was  given,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  men  refused  to  retire. 
The  pretended  officer  discovering  that  his  order  was  not  obeyed,  leaped 
the  wall  and  galloped  away  towards  Gettysburg,  evidently  a  rebel  in  dis- 
guise. On  seeing  this,  the  men  who  had  obeyed  the  order  and  fallen  back, 
advanced  again  to  their  old  position,  where  their  comrades  were  engaged. 
The  enemy,  in  heavy  force,  rushed  forward  with  the  confidence  of  assured 
victory,  and  succeeded  in  crossing  the  wall,  but  could  not  drive  our 
men  from  it.  The  conflict  here  was  a  desperate  hand  to  hand  encounter, 
the  men  clubbing  their  muskets,  and  the  artillerymen  their  rammers. 
The  rebels  were  at  length  forced  back,  leaving  two  regimental  colors, 
and  a  number  of  prisoners.  Here  the  brave  Lieutenant  Briggs,  the  Ad- 
jutant of  the  regiment,  while  in  the  very  act  of  cheering  on  the  men,  was 
killed. 

On  the  3d  of  July  the  regiment  continued  in  position  on  Cemetery  Hill, 
with  the  exception  of  a  short  time,  when  ordered  to  the  assistance  of  a 
corps  momentarily  overpowered,  and  was  for  three  hours  exposed  to  a 
terrific  artillery  fire.  During  the  night,  Lieutenant  Hannappel,  of  Com- 
pany K,  pushed  into  the  outskirts  of  the  town,  and  on  the  morning  of  the 
4th,  the  Twenty-seventh  was  among  the  first  to  enter  Gettysburg,  to  the 
great  joy  of  the  inhabitants.  What  a  morning  was  that  for  the  people 
of  this  beleaguered  town!  For  three  wearisome  days  of  battle  had  they 
with  bated  breath  awaited  the  issue  of  the  conflict.  In  the  grey  dawn, 
they  beheld  with  uncontrollable  gladness  the  soldiers  of  the  national 
army  advancing  on  all  their  streets! 

Following  up  the  enemy  in  his  retreat,  skirmishing  ensued  with  his  rear 
at  Hagerstown  and  Funkstcwn.  The  loss  of  the  regiment  in  this  battle 
was  two  officers  and  twenty-two  men  killed,  three  officers  and  sixty-five 
men  wounded,  and  one  officer  and  forty-four  men  missing. 

The  rebels  having  made  good  their  retreat  across  the  Potomac,  hastened 
up  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  while  Meade  retraced  his  steps  through 
Lovcttsville,  Union,  Upperville,  and  Salem,  to  Warrenton,  holding  the  old 
line  of  the  Rappahannock.  Two  months  succeeding  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg was  a  period  of  great  activity  with  the  cavalry,  the  infantry  being 
little  engaged.  On  the  14th  of  September,  while  encamped  at  Greenwich, 
Virginia,  one  hundred  and  seventy  conscripts  were  sent  to  the  regiment. 
In  the  absence  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cantador,  it  was  at  this  time  com- 
manded by  Major  McAloon.  Moving  from  Greenwich  to  Catlett's  Sta- 
tion, it  remained  till  near  the  close  of  September,  when  it  was  ordered  to 


78  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Washington,  and  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps,  under  command  of 
General  Hooker,  were  dispatched  by  rail  to  Nashville,  to  the  support  of 
Rosecrans,  occupying  a  precarious  position  at  Chattanooga.  An  army 
of  twenty  thousand  men  with  all  its  trains  and  material,  was  taken  up  at 
Washington,  and  in  eight  days  set  down  at  Nashville,  in  condition  for 
effective  service. 

On  the  24th  of  October,  1863,  the  regiment  was  stationed  at  Bridgeport, 
Alabama.  On  the  28th,  in  pursuance  of  orders,  it  marched  along  the 
Tennessee  river  towards  Chattanooga.  On  the  29th,  the  enemy  was  en- 
countered in  the  vicinity  of  Wauhatchio  Creek,  and  soon  driven  back 
across  the  stream.  As  the  column  passed  Lookout  Mountain,  it  was  con- 
tinually fired  upon  by  the  rebels  posted  on  its  summit,  but  without  effect. 
The  command  encamped  for  the  night  near  the  river,  having  opened  com- 
munication with  Chattanooga.  Shortly  after  midnight,  it  was  aroused  by 
the  sound  of  heavy  firing  in  the  rear,  and  was  ordered  to  the  support  of 
General  Geary,  who  had  been  attacked.  Moving  at  double  quick  time,  the 
enemy  was  soon  encountered,  posted  on  a  high,  steep  hill.  The  Seventy- 
third  Ohio,  and  Thirty-third  Massachusetts  were  ordered  to  storm  the 
heights,  and  after  three  unsuccessful  attempts,  they  at  last  succeeded 
in  driving  the  enemy  from  his  position.  As  the  final  charge  was  made, 
the  Twenty-seventh  advanced  on  their  left  and  captured  some  prisoners. 
In  the  morning,  breast- works  were  thrown  up,  which  were  shelled  by  the 
rebels  on  Lookout  Mountain.  The  line  was  gradually  pushed  forward 
towards  the  mountain,  till  it  reached  to  the  creek,  and  was  daily  shelled 
by  the  rebels,  but  with  little  effect.  Notice  of  the  resignation  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Cantador  was  received  while  here,  and  Major  McAloon  was 
appointed  to  succeed  him,  Captain  Reidt,  of  Company  C,  being  promoted 
to  the  Majority. 

Taking  up  the  line  of  march  on  the  22d  of  November,  and  crossing  the 
river  twice  on  the  way,  the  brigade  arrived  at  Chattanooga  the  same 
evening,  and  encamped  for  the  night.  On  the  following  day,  leaving 
knapsacks  and  tents  in  camp,  and  taking  only  overcoats  and  haversacks, 
it  marched  a  short  distance  beyond  the  town  and  took  position  in  line 
of  battle,  already  formed.  The  skirmishers  soon  became  engaged,  and 
drove  the  enemy,  capturing  a  number  of  prisoners.  The  Thirty-third 
New  York  having  been  driven  back,  a  part  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Regi- 
ment was  ordered  to  its  support,  relieving  it,  and  remaining  out  all  night 
on  the  skirmish  line.  In  the  morning,  as  the  skirmishers  were  being  re- 
lieved, the  rebels  opened  fire  on  them.  Immediately  re-forming,  they 
again  advanced,  and  out-flanking  the  assailants,  took  some  prisoners. 
On  the  same  evening,  the  regiment  moved  to  the  left,  along  the  river,  and 
joined  Sherman's  forces,  then  advancing  towards  Missionary  Ridge.  The 
Seventy-third  Pennsylvania  held  the  right  of  the  brigade  facing  the  ridge, 
the  Twenty-seventh  the  left.  The  entire  ridge  was  covered  with  breast- 
works, well  supplied  with  guns.  Sherman,  away  to  the  left,  was  at- 
tempting to  storm  the  mountain  in  his  front.  Shortly  after  noon,  the 
Seventy-third  advanced  from  the  wood  where  it  had  been  stationed,  to 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  79 

the  foot  01  the  ridge  and  took  possession  of  two  block-houses.  It  was  soon 
actively  engaged,  the  rebels  attempting  to  dislodge  it.  Companies  A  and 
B,  of  the  Twenty-seventh,  were  ordered  to  its  support,  and  advanced  gal- 
lantly. The  rest  of  the  regiment,  led  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  McAloon, 
followed,  charging  up  the  ridge  to  the  left  of  the  Seventy-third,  and  were 
joined  on  the  way  by  the  two  detached  companies.  In  the  face  of  a  hot 
fire  of  infantry  and  artillery,  the  column  pushed  forward,  and  without 
firing  a  shot,  drove  the  enemy  behind  his  last  line  of  breast-works  and  to 
within  a  few  paces  of  his  battery.  Too  much  exhausted  by  the  charge  up 
the  rugged  face  of  the  ridge  to  seize  their  advantage  in  time,  the  enemy 
rallied  and  was  re-inforced.  For  two  hours  this  position  was  held,  and 
until  every  cartridge  had  been  used,  the  right  flank  of  the  regiment 
turned,  and  two-thirds  of  its  number  either  killed  or  wounded;  then,  and 
not  till  then,  was  it  forced  to  fall  back.*  The  brave  Lieutenant  Colonel 
McAloon  was  carried  off  the  field  with  five  wounds,  from  the  effects  of 
which  he  died  on  the  7th  of  December,  1863.  He  was  succeeded  in-com- 
mand  by  Major  Reidt.  The  regiment  advanced  to  the  charge  two  hun- 
dred and  forty  strong.  Of  this  number,  one  officer  and  forty-five  men 
were  killed,  and  six  officers  and  eighty  men  wounded. 

On  the  26th  of  November  the  regiment  started  in  pursuit  and  subse- 
quently made  a  long  and  wearisome  march  under  Sherman,  to  the  relief 
of  Burnside,  at  Knoxville,  beleaguered  by  Longstreet.  On  the  13th  of 
December  it  returned  to  the  neighborhood  of  Chattanooga.  The  suffer- 
ings of  the  men  in  this  mid-winter  march,  without  shelter  or  blankets, 
were  intense.  Having  been  ordered  to  leave  their  tents  and  knapsacks 
in  camp  before  going  into  battle,  they  had  been  put  upon  the  march  with- 
out being  allowed  the  opportunity  of  obtaining  them.  During  the  re- 
mainder of  the  winter  the  regiment  continued  in  camp  near  Lookout 
Mountain. 

In  the  re-organization  of  the  army  which  ensued,  the  Eleventh  and 
Twelfth  Corps  were  consolidated,  forming  the  Twentieth,  under  com- 
mand of  General  Hooker.  The  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  was  attached 
to  the  First  Brigade  of  Geary's  Division.  On  the  4th  of  May,  1864,  an  order 
was  received  to  march.  This  had  not  been  anticipated,  and  was  the  occa- 
sion of  much  ill  feeling.  The  men  had  expected  to  be  mustered  out  of 
service  on  the  5th  of  May,  the  day  on  which  their  services  had  been  ac-. 
cepted,  and  from  which  they  had  received  pay,  and  they  were  disposed  to 
assert  by  violence  what  they  had  thought  to  be  their  rights;  but  a  fair 
statement  of  their  case  by  the  commanding  general  of  the  division,  caused 
better  counsels  to  prevail.  Falling  into  column  as  the  army  marched  out, 
they  shared  in  the  honor  as  well  as  the  hardships  of  that  grand  cam- 

•Extract   from   General   Sherman's   Official   Report. 

Bridgeport.    Ala.,    December  19,  1S63. 

The  brigade  of  Colonel  Buschbeck,  belonging  to  the  Eleventh  Corps,  which  were  the 
first  to  come  out  of  Chattanooga  to  my  flank,  fought  at  the  Tunnel  Hill,  In  connection 
with  General  Ewing's  Division  and  displayed  a  courage  almost  amounting  to  rashness. 
Following  the  enemy  almost  to  thp  tunnel  gorge,  it  lost  many  valuable  lives.  •  •  « 


80  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

palgn  on  Atlanta,  the  blow  which  burst  the  bubble  known  as  the  Southern 
Confederacy.  At  Rocky  Face,  Dug  Gap,  Resaca  and  Dallas  they  fought 
with  their  accustomed  bravery.  At  Dallas,  on  the  25th  of  May,  their 
term  having  now  fully  expired,  they  received  orders  to  proceed  to  Phila- 
delphia to  be  mustered  out  or  service.  Arriving  on  the  31st  of  May,  they 
were  paid  and  received  their  final  discharges  on  the  llth  of  June,  1864, 
having  been  absent  three  years,  and  in  the  service  three  years  and  two 
months. 

At  their  muster  out  they  numbered  three  hundred  and  thirty-six  officers 
and  men.  Of  the  officers  who  went  out  with  the  regiment,  but  one,  a  First 
Lieutenant,  returned  with  it,  now  a  Lieutenant  Colonel,  in  command  of 
the  regiment;  all  of  the  other  officers  had  been  promoted  from  the  ranks. 
Its  original  strength  was  one  thousand  and  forty-six,  and  it  received,  at 
various  times,  recruits  and  conscripts  to  the  number  of  three  hundred. 
Company  F,  numbering  one  hundred  men,  was  detached  for  special  duty 
at  Washington,  early  in  the  war  and  never  again  returned.  Company 
G,  having  about  eighty  men,  was  transferred  to  the  Sixty-ninth  Penn- 
sylvania. One  hundred  and  fifty  officers  and  men  were  killed  in  battle. 
Two  hundred  and  fifty  died  from  disease  and  wounds.  Four  hundred 
were  wounded  in  action.  One  hundred  and  fifty  (mostly  conscripts)  de- 
perted;  and  two  hundred  and  eighty  were  discharged  for  disability. 

In  June,  1866,  the  regiment  was  temporarily  re-organized  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Vogelbach  of  Company  B,  and  participated  in  the 
ceremonies  incident  to  the  return  of  the  flags  to  the  Governor  of  the  State, 
on  the  4th  of  July.  The  old  flag,  with  the  names  of  the  battles  inscribed, 
'vns  borne  in  the  column  by  the  remnants  of  a  once  strong  regiment,  and 
delivered  to  the  Chief  Executive,  from  whose  hands  they  had  received  it. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

28TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

NEAK  CRAVEN'S  HOUSE,  LOOKOUT  MOUNTAIN,  TENN.,  NOVEMBER  I£TH,  1X97. 

ADDRESS  OF  CORPORAL  JOSEPH  L.  CORNET. 

COMRADES  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer 
Infantry  Regiment,  I  greet  you!     For  the  fourth  time  we  meet  to 
renew  our  comradeship  upon  a  former  battlefield.    In  May,  1865, 
we  halted  upon  the  bloody  field  of  Chancellorsville,  while  returning  home 
from  the  war.    Then  and  there  we  took  up  the  body  of  our  gallant  leader, 
Major  Lansford  F.  Chapman,  who  died  while  leading  us  in  a  charge,  two 
years  before.    We  have  also  met  In  reunion  upon  the  fields  of  Gettysburg 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  81 

and  Antietam.  To-day,  we  meet  where  in  our  young  manhood  days  we 
followed  that  gallant  and  brilliant  Commander,  Colonel  Thomas  J.  Ahl, 
who  led  us  above  the  clouds  to  battle  with  an  almost  unseen  foe.  It  is  my 
conferred  duty  to  tell  you  that  old  story  again  after  a  lapse  of  thirty-four 

years. 

THE  CAMPAIGN  BEGUN. 

On  Sunday  morning,  November  22,  1863,  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry  Regiment  received  orders  to  break  camp  pre- 
paratory to  an  onward  movement.  At  10  o'clock,  under  command  of  our 
leader,  we  marched  to  the  recently  vacated  quarters  of  the  Seventy-fifth 
Pennsylvania.  Here  we  remained  until  Tuesday,  November  24.  At  6 
o'clock  that  morning  Colonel  Charles  Candy,  commanding  the  brigade, 
the  first  of  General  John  W.  Geary's  Second  or  White  Star  Division, 
Twelfth  Army  Corps,  General  H.  W.  Slocum  Commanding  Corps,  was 
ordered  to  report  for  instructions  to  General  Geary.  Colonel  Candy 
moved  the  brigr.de  as  ordered,  leaving  such  portions  as  were  on  picket 
to  remain  in  the  Valley  of  Wauhatchie.  The  picket  line  was  very  heavy 
as  our  troops  were  required  to  cover  the  recently  vacated  ground  of  the 
Eleventh  Corps  as  well  as  our  own.  The  Twenty-ninth  Ohio  Regiment 
and  several  companies  of  the  Fifth  Ohio  Regiment  of  our  brigade  were 
the  troops  left  behind.  Before  leaving  camp  we  unslung  our  knap-sacks 
and  piled  them.  One  or  two  men  from  each  company  were  detailed  to 
remain  in  charge.  The  brigade  then  formed  and  moved  in  light  march- 
ing order  forward  to  the  place  designated  by  General  Geary  to  meet  the 
other  two  brigades  of  the  division. 

Colonel  Candy  was  ordered  to  form  line  for  battle.  The  right  of  the 
leading  regiment,  en  echelon,  at  about  fifty  paces  interval  to  the  troops 
on  the  right.  The  brigade  moved  forward  in  the  following  order:  The 
One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Pennsylvania,  Seventh  Ohio,  Twenty- 
eighth  Pennsylvania,  Sixty-sixth  and  Fifth  Ohio  Regiments.  After 
marching  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  Colonel  Candy  received  instructions 
to  change  front  to  the  left,  with  orders  to  have  two  regiments  to  scout  the 
fields  at  the  foot  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  to  uncover  the  fords  so  that 
troops  could  cross  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  Lookout  Creek.  This  duty 
having  been  satisfactorily  performed,  the  two  regiments  rejoined  the 
brigade. 

THE  BATTLE  OF  LOOKOUT  MOUNTAIN. 

The  left  of  the  brigade  was  then  ordered:  "About  half  wheel."  Heavy 
and  sharp  firing  was  soon  heard  on  the  Point  and  prisoners  began  coming 
in.  The  Fifth  Ohio  numbered  about  fifty  men  and  it  was  ordered  to  take 
charge  of  the  prisoners  and  take  them  to  the  rear,  which  they  did.  In  the 
meantime  the  troops  on  the  right  had  attacked  the  enemy  and  driven  him 
from  the  rifle  pits  with  considerable  loss  in  killed  and  wounded. 

Between  two  and  three  o'clock,  Colonel  Candy  received  an  injury  to 

his  hip  when  he  was  disabled  and  compelled  to  retire  from  active  duty. 

Colonel  William  R.  Creighton  of  the  Seventh  Ohio  Regiment,  one  of  the 

finest  soldiers  in  the  brigade,  at  once  assumed  command.    The  brigade 

6 


82  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

was  then  in  this  position:  The  Seventh  Ohio  and  the  One  hundred  and 
forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  occupied  the  rifle  pits  on  the  right  and  left 
of  the  road  two  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  the  White  or  Craven  House. 
The  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  and  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania  were  on  the 
left,  further  down  the  mountain.  A  heavy  fire  resulted  from  the  move- 
ments of  the  brigade  which  continued  for  some  time.  An  irregular  fire 
was  kept  up  from  both  sides  all  the  afternoon.  After  the  two  regiments 
first  named  had  reached  their  position  it  was  observed  that  the  enemy 
was  massing  against  our  extreme  right  under  the  cliff.  The  Twenty- 
eighth  was  ordered  to  fill  the  gap  and  to  dislodge  the  enemy  which  was 
done  in  gallant  style.  The  rebel  sharpshooters  were  now  beginning  to 
harass  the  command  when  a  portion  of  the  Twenty-eighth  was  ordered 
to  deploy  and  take  position  as  sharpshooters,  which  they  did.  The 
Twenty-eighth  remained  in  position  until  late  at  night  when  it  was  re- 
lieved by  the  Eighth  Kentucky  Infantry  and  descended  the  mountain  to 
where  the  brigade  headquarters  were  in  order  to  make  coffee  and  get  a 
meal,  the  first  since  breakfast. 

The  day  was  misty;  in  the  morning  as  we  moved  forward  a  cold,  driz- 
zling rain  set  in.  The  mountain  was  covered  with  a  heavy  fog  so  that 
to  a  great  extent  things  were  felt  rather  than  seen.  At  times,  while  fight- 
ing at  the  height  of  eighteen  hundred  feet  above  the  bosom  of  the  broad 
and  meandering  Tennessee,  when  the  clouds  lifted,  we  saw  before  us  one 
of  the  most  lovely  stretches  of  landscape  ever  presented  to  man.  Rug- 
ged mountains,  hills,  valleys,  green  fields,  rivers  and  smaller  streams, 
towns  and  villages  were  unfolded  beneath  us  as  were  never  before  un- 
folded to  the  gaze  of  soldiers  in  battle  before,  and  it  may  be  that  in  all 
the  ages  to  follow  us  none  will  ever  again  be  so  blessed  with  such  ro- 
mantic sight  under  similar  circumstances.  These  magnificent  views 
were  only  seen  for  a  moment  at  a  time,  however,  as  the  heavy  clouds 
would  soon  settle  down  again. 

After  the  regiment  had  been  relieved  from  its  position  and  had  par- 
taken of  supper  there  was  a  supplementary  view  presented  to  our  ad- 
miring gaze,  that  is,  to  those  of  us  who  were  able  to  keep  awake 
to  witness  it.  We  had  had  glimpses  of  the  beauties  of  terra  firma  during 
the  day;  now,  at  night,  we  witnessed  one  of  the  spectacular  scenes  of 
Heaven,  an  eclipse  of  the  moon. 

In  this  battle,  while  the  Twenty-eighth  did  a  great  deal  of  hard  work, 
the  regiment  had  but  few  losses.  General  Geary  gives  the  losses  of  the 
division  at  Lookout  Mountain  as  follows:  Killed,  two  officers  and  twenty 
men;  wounded,  fourteen  officers  and  102  men;  total  killed,  twenty-two; 
wounded,  one  hundred  and  sixteen;  grand  total,  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
eight.  What  the  losses  of  the  other  troops  co-operating  with  us  were  I 
am  unable  to  say,  but  it  is  given  that  Hooker  lost  five  hundred  men  killed 
and  wounded  in  the  battle.  The  Confederate  losses,  according  to  General 
Geary's  report,  were  as  follows:  Killed,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five; 
wounded  and  left  on  field,  three  hundred;  prisoners,  one  thousand  nine 
hundred  and  forty.  The  division  captured  two  cannon,  five  battle  flags 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  83 

and  two  thousand  eight  hundred  stands  of  arms.  Lookout  Mountain  was 
a  great  victory  for  Fighting  Joe,  but  he  died  recalling  that  General  Grant 
had  denied  that  there  was  a  battle  on  Lookout  Mountain.  General  Grant 
said:  (page  306,  Volume  II,  "Around  the  World  with  General  Grant")  "Th« 
battle  of  Lookout  Mountain  is  one  of  the  romances  of  the  war.  There  was 
no  such  battle  and  there  was  no  action  even  worthy  to  be  called  a  battle 
on  Lookout  Mountain;  it  is  all  poetry."  In  Volume  II,  "Personal  Me- 
moirs," pages  68  to  73,  General  Grant  tells  the  story  of  the  battle  of  Look- 
out Mountain,  and  in  the  index  calls  it  the  battle  of  Lookout  Mountain, 
giving  gallant  Joe  Hooker  credit  for  all  that  was  claimed  for  our  popular 
general;  but  this  was  done  in  1885,  six  years  after  the  hero  of  the  battle 
above  the  clouds  was  dead. 

MISSIONARY  RIDGE. 

On  the  day  after  the  battle  of  Lookout  Mountain,  Wednesday,  No- 
vember 25,  sometime  before  noon,  we  descended  from  the  Palisades  where 
we  had  had  a  view  of  the  early  movements  in  the  battle  on  Missionary 
Ridge,  seeing  at  a  distance  of  three  miles  the  shifting-  of  heavy  masses 
of  troops  and  the  firing  of  guns  all  of  which  was  pleasant  enough  to  see 
and  hear  while  occupying  a  position  above  and  beyond  the  post  of  danger. 
Under  the  command  of  General  Hooker  who  had  as  his  flanking  column 
Geary's  Division,  representing  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  Osterhaus'  Di- 
vision, from  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  Cruft's  Division  from  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  we  moved  rapidly  towards  Missionary  Ridge 
where  General  Sherman,  who  had  been  fighting  all  day,  we  found  had 
all  he  could  do  in  his  attack  on  Bragg  to  hold  his  own.  Our  forces  under 
Hooker  turned  the  enemy's  left  and  won  the  day.  Thousands  of  the  Con- 
federates threw  down  their  arms  and  one  whole  brigade  surrendered 
to  Hooker's  command.  The  Twenty-eighth  at  first  supported  a  battery  of 
flying  artillery  and  afterwards  climbed  the  mountain  without  giving  the 
enemy  any  chance  to  return  our  fire  as  he  was  on  the  run,  and  we  had  no 
losses  on  that  day. 

While  yet  on  the  battlefield  I  asked  a  Confederate  prisoner,  a  young 
man  of  sixteen  years,  "Were  you  conscripted?"  "No,"  he  said,  "they  took 
me.  Oh,  I  could  have  had  a  bran  new,  red  flannel  shirt  that  was  laying 
on  the  ground,  if  I'd  only  a  know'd  this."  He  was  not  a  bit  afraid  of  what 
his  fate  might  be  in  the  hands  of  the  Yankees;  he  only  thought  of  that 
red  flannel  shirt. 

From  Missionary  Ridge  to  Pea  Vine  Creek  the  next  day,  where  in  the 
evening  the  enemy  was  met  and  a  brief  fight  ensued,  was  a  rapid  march. 
as  you  all  remember. 

RINGGOLD,   GA. 

Up  to  this  time  the  Twenty-eighth  had  done  some  important  work  with- 
out suffering  material  losses,  but  at  Ringgold,  which  we  reached  at  an 
early  hour  on  Friday,  November  27,  we  were  destined  to  accomplish  less 
but  to  lose  many  officers  and  men  killed  and  wounded.  Osterhaus,  we 
found  skirmishing  with  the  enemy,  whose  whole  rear  guard  was  on  Tay- 
lor's Ridge,  a  wild,  rugged  and  steep  mountain.  The  Confederates  were 


84  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

located  in  a  strong  position  on  top  of  the  mountain  in  great  force.  Orders 
were  received  to  move  to  the  left  of  the  town  and  to  charge  up  the  ridge, 
Geary  supposing  it  to  be  held  by  a  small  force.  The  brigade  was  formed 
in  two  lines,  the  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  and  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania, 
and  the  Seventh  Ohio  and  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Pennsylvania. 
We  moved  towards  the  top  of  the  ridge  under  heavy  fire  of  musketry.  On 
reaching  the  foot  of  the  mountain  the  second  line  was  moved  to  the  left 
of  the  first  and  extended  it,  but  the  enemy  reinforced  his  troops  and  had 
double  the  number  we  had  while  we  had  the  work  before  us  of  climbing 
the  ridge.  We  withheld  our  fire  until  we  had  gone  half  way  up  the  moun- 
tain side;  we  were  tired  and  our  fire  was  not  delivered  with  that  accuracy 
and  effect  that  might  have  been  hoped  for.  It  was  as  much  as  we  could 
do  to  climb  the  rough  and  steep  mountain-side  without  having  to  fight  a 
larger  army  in  front  of  us. 

The  Seventh  Ohio  ascended  on  the  side  of  a  ravine  and  was  moving 
nobly  upward  when  the  enemy  threw  troops  on  both  flanks  of  it,  placing 
that  gallant  regiment  between  enfilading  fires.  The  result  was  that  all 
of  its  officers  and  many  men.  were  killed  or  wounded.  The  One  hundred 
and  forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  was  advancing  beautifully  when  the 
enemy  threw  troops  on  both  sides  of  its  flanks,  and  seeing  the  results  of 
similar  dispositions  of  the  enemy  on  the  Seventh  Ohio,  the  regiment  was 
withdrawn  and  fell  back.  It  was  just  before  this  that  Colonel  Creighton, 
who  commanded  the  brigade,  learning  of  the  death  of  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Crane  exclaimed,  "There  goes  poor  Crane."  He  too,  fell,  and  as  he  did, 
said,  "Tell  my  wife  I  died  at  the  head  of  my  command." 

Colonel  Ahl  then  took  command  of  the  brigade.  Our  regiment  was  on 
the  right  of  the  line.  The  Twenty-eighth  fell  back  after  the  disasters  on 
the  left  had  occurred,  in  accordance  with  orders,  but  about  twenty  com- 
rades of  company  A  who,  with  a  few  members  of  company  F,  and  Ad- 
jutant Samuel  Goodman  not  hearing  the  orders  to  withdraw,  remained. 
Along  with  us  was  a  color  bearer  with  his  colors  and  one  comrade  from 
an  Iowa  regiment.  We  remained  in  our  advanced  position  sometime, 
deploying  and  acting  as  skirmishers.  While  here,  Adjutant  Goodman, 
who  refused  to  get  behind  shelter  though  admonished  by  the  men  to  do  so, 
and  who  was  standing  fifty  feet  ahead  of  our  thin  line  on  a  mountain  road, 
was  wounded  in  an  arm.  About  this  time  I  was  startled  by  the  cry  of  my 
nearest  comrade,  Pat  McShay,  who  exclaimed,  "I'll  die,  if  I  don't  get  a 
chaw  of  tobncco."  I  certainly  was  relieved  of  much  anxiety  when  I  heard 
the  last  part  of  his  exclamation.  I  fired  just  after  this  and  before  I  could 
get  back  under  shelter  again  I  was  struck  in  the  right  breast  by  a  spent 
ball.  I  saw  the  ball  within  six  feet  of  me  after  it  had  hit  me  and  I 
longed  to  pick  it  up  for  a  relic,  but  I  was  afraid  I  might  pick  up  others 
that  I  didn't  want  for  they  were  flying  in  profusion  and  promiscuously. 
At  last  the  welcome  sound  of  a  Yankee  cannon  was  heard,  and  it  began  to 
fire  over  our  heads  on  the  enemy.  It  was,  I  suppose,  one  of  Knap's  guns. 
We  then  fell  back  moving  at  a  right  shoulder  shift,  stopping  ever  and 
anon  to  return  the  enemy's  fire.  Some  of  our  men  were  wounded,  I  think, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  85 

on  this  retreat,  but  I  do  not  remember  who  or  how  many  of  them  were 
shot  as  we  retreated. 

Colonel  Ahl  reported  the  loss  of  the  Twenty-eighth  to  be  four  officers 
wounded  and  four  men  killed  and  twenty-eight  men  wounded;  total, 
thirty-six.  The  list  of  killed  was  increased  to  ten  by  the  death  of  six  of 
the  wounded  comrades. 

The  names  of  those  killed  and  died  of  wounds  were:  Lieutenant  Peter 
Kaylor,  company  F,  but  who  commanded  company  D;  Sergeant  Major 
Robert  A.  Kernihard,  company  A;  Henry  C.  Fithian,  John  Hill  and 
Charles  T.  Murphy,  all  of  company  D;  Joseph  W.  Stephens  and  John 
Lane,  company  F;  James  T.  Brady,  company  G;  Samuel  Hamilton  and 
James  Dunn,  company  K. 

THE  DIVISION'S  LOSSES. 

General  Geary's  official  report  after  the  close  of  the  campaign  around 
Chattanooga,  has  these  statistics: 

Whole  number  of  officers  killed,  five;  number  of  officers  wounded, 
twenty-nine;  number  of  men  killed,  twenty-nine;  number  of  men 
wounded  (including  many  who  died  from  their  wounds)  one  hundred  and 
fifty;  total  number  killed,  thirty-four;  total  number  wounded,  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-nine;  total  killed  and  wounded,  two  hundred  and  three; 
number  missing,  probably  killed,  twenty-five.  Grand  total  of  losses, 
Geary's  Division,  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight. 

At  Missionary  Ridge  we  helped  to  capture  a  Confederate  brigade  in  ad- 
dition to  which  we  took  two  hundred  other  prisoners.  Geary's  Division 
started  in  the  campaign  with  three  brigades,  and  we  had  one  hundred 
and  forty-one  officers  and  two  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eighteen  men; 
total  force,  two  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifty-nine  officers  and  men. 

Of  the  two  thousand  and  twenty  regiments  mustered  into  the  Union 
service  during  the  war,  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania  stands  No.  124  in 
the  list  of  killed.  In  its  four  years  of  active  duty  the  regiment  lost  one 
hundred  and  fifty-seven  killed,  three  hundred  and  ninety-four  wounded, 
and  thirty-five  prisoners,  the  smallest  loss  in  prisoners  of  probably  any 
regiment  that  was  constantly  in  active  service  in  the  Union  army.  The 
entire  losses  were  therefore  five  hundred  and  eighty-six  in  action  and  one 
hundred  and  twenty-seven  died  from  disease. 

Of  the  two  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty-five  enrolled  officers  and 
men  about  one  thousand  joined  the  regiment  when  the  war  was  practically 
over,  and  five  companies  were  taken  to  form  the  nucleus  of  the  One  hun- 
dred and  forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  and  perhaps  fifty  were  transferred 
to  form  the  nucleus  of  Knap's  Battery.  Our  regiment  produced  two 
major  generals  and  two  brigadier  generals. 

IN   CONCLUSION. 

Now  comrades,  when  after  four  years  of  war,  having  been  engaged  In 
nearly  thirty  battles  and  scores  of  skirmishes  fought  in  many  states,  we 
returned  home  thirty-two  years  ago,  we  had  with  us  some  of  the  standbys 


86  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

of  our  gallant  regiment.  In  the  generation  that  has  since  gone  by, 
very  many  of  them  have  passed  from  earth.  As  I  remember  them  I 
will  name  a  few:  General  John  W.  Geary,  afterwards  Governor  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania;  General  John  Flynn,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
James  Fitzpatrick,  Major  J.  D.  Arner,  Captain  James  Silliman,  Captain 
James  F.  Knight,  company  F,  General  Hector  Tyndale,  Dr.  H.  E.  Good- 
man, one  of  the  ablest  and  noblest  physicians  in  the  land,  "a  good  man 
and  true"  in  more  than  one  sense;  Color  Bearer  Barney  Lynch,  who  car- 
ried the  colors  in  twenty-three  battles,  Colonel  Thomas  J.  Ahl,  and  a 
host  of  others. 

Now,  as  we  part,  may  God  bless  us  each  and  all;  may  we  meet  in  happi- 
ness when  we  cross  that  other  picket  line  and  hold  that  most  glorious 
of  all  reunions  in  the  Land  higher  above  the  clouds  than  any  we  ever  oc- 
cupied in  our  marches,  encampments  and  battles  on  earth. 

And  now,  I  dedicate  this  monument  in  the  name  of  the  Twenty-eighth 
Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteers.  For  ages  after  we  have  been  en- 
tombed it  will  stand  here  and  tell  in  brief  the  story  of  our  prowess. 


HISTORICAL,  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

ARLY  in  June,  1861,  Colonel  John  W.  Geary  obtained  permission 
from  President  Lincoln  to  raise,  in  Pennsylvania,  a  regiment  of 
-*— '  volunteers  to  serve  for  three  years.  He  accordingly  established  a 
camp  at  Oxford  Park,  in  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  28th  of  that  month  the 
Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  which  was  uniformed  and  equipped  at  his  own 
expense,  was  being  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

The  regiment,  when  completed,  consisted  of  fifteen  companies,  number- 
ing fifteen  hundred  and  fifty-one  officers  and  men,  brought  together  from 
various  sections  of  the  State;  Companies  A  and  N  having  been  organized 
in  Luzerne  county;  B,  in  Westmoreland;  C,  D,  I,  K,  M  and  P,  in  Phila- 
delphia; E,  in  Carbon;  F,  in  Cambria  and  Allegheny;  G,  H  and  L,  in  Alle- 
gheny, and  O,  in  Huntingdon. 

The  field  and  staff  officers  were  John  W.  Geary,  Colonel;  Gabriel  De 
Korponay,  Lieutenant  Colonel;  Hector  Tyndale,  Major;  John  Flynn,  Ad- 
jutant; Benjamin  F.  Lee,  Quartermaster;  H.  Earnest  Goodman,  Surgeon; 
Samuel  Logan,  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  Charles  W.  Heisley,  Chaplain. 

From  surplus  recruits  a  battery  was  formed  and  attached  to  the  regi- 
ment, which  was  known  as  Knap's  Battery  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers.  Mr.  Charles  Knap,  of  Pittsburg,  presented  this 
company  with  four  steel  guns,  which  were  subsequently  exchanged  by 
the  government  for  six  ten-pounder  Parrotts.  Also  connected  with  the 
regiment  was  Beck's  celebrated  Philadelphia  Brass  Band. 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  87 

The  uniform  was  of  gray  cloth,  manufactured  in  the  vicinity  of  Oxford 
Park,  and  furnished  to  the  several  companies  as  they  were  mustered  in. 
This  subsequently  gave  place  to  the  blue  regulation  uniform.  The  arms 
were  the  Enfleld  rifle  with  the  formidable  sword  bayonet.  These  were  ob- 
tained of  a  firm  in  Philadelphia,  who  fortunately  had  them  for  sale,  else 
the  regiment  would  have  been  armed  with  the  ordinary  musket,  altered 
from  the  flint  to  percussion  lock,  many  of  which  were  in  possession  of  the 
government. 

Whilst  Colonel  Geary  was  actively  engaged  in  forming,  equipping  and 
drilling  his  regiment,  events  were  transpiring  which  demanded  prompt 
and  energetic  action  on  the  part  of  the  Government  relative  to  raising 
additional  troops  and  hastening  them  to  the  field.  On  the  21st  of  July  the 
disastrous  battle  of  Bull  Run  was  fought;  and  the  panic  which  seized  upon 
and  disorganized  a  great  portion  of  the  army,  spread  its  terrifying  influ- 
ence through  all  parts  of  the  Northern  States,  and  had  the  effect  to  arouse 
the  heads  of  the  national  departments  to  a  realizing  sense  of  the  danger 
with  which  the  country  was  threatened.  Re-inforcements  were  conse- 
quently ordered  forward  to  join,  as  rapidly  as  possible,  the  defeated  army 
at  the  front;  and  hence,  in  obedience  to  orders  from  General  Scott,  the 
Colonel,  on  the  27th,  moved  with  ten  companies  of  his  command — leaving 
the  other  five,  which  were  not  yet  in  readiness  for  the  field,  in  charge  of 
Major  Hector  Tyndale,  with  orders  to  follow  as  soon  as  possible — and 
proceeded  directly,  by  way  of  Baltimore,  to  Harper's  Ferry,  reaching 
there  on  the  evening  of  the  following  day.  Here  he  reported  to  Major 
General  Banks,  to  whose  command  the  regiment  had  been  assigned,  and 
was  attached  to  the  brigade  commanded  by  Colonel  Thomas,  now  a  Major 
General  of  the  United  States  army. 

The  regiment  encamped  at  Sandy  Hook,  opposite  Harper's  Ferry,  until 
the  night  of  August  13,  when  it  marched  to  Point  of  Rocks,  a  distance  of 
sixteen  miles,  arriving  at  ten  o'clock  on  the  following  morning,  the  roads 
being  bad  and  the  night  dark  and  stormy.  The  duty  here  assigned  it  was 
to  guard  the  frontier  from  Nolan's  Ferry  to  the  Antietam  aqueduct,  em- 
bracing numerous  mountain  gaps  and  roads,  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio 
canal,  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Potomac  river  and  its  op- 
posite banks,  and  the  many  islands  with  which  it  is  studded,  together 
with  a  number  of  ferries  and  fords.  The  telegraph  and  postoffices,  being 
in  the  hands  of  suspected  persons,  were  also  taken  in  charge.  To  perform 
this  duty,  picket  posts  were  established  at  every  four  hundred  yards 
along  a  line  of  over  twenty-five  miles.  The  utmost  vigilance  was  strictly 
enjoined  and  enforced.  Scouting  and  reconnoitering  parties  of  guerrillas 
and  rebel  cavalry  prowled  among  the  hills  in  the  rear  and  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  who  daily  fired  upon  the  pickets.  Slight  skirmishes 
were  of  constant  occurrence.  Rebel  sympathizers,  emissaries  and  spies 
existed  among  the  residents,  and  a  systematized  plan  of  signalling  was 
carried  on  between  them  and  the  Confederate  troops;  whilst,  under 
various  pretences,  passes  were  obtained  from  officers  at  Washington  City, 
by  women  as  well  as  men,  by  means  of  which  communication  was  kept 


88  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

up  between  the  two  shores  of  the  Potomac,  with  the  rebel  troops  and  their 
sympathizing  friends.  All  this  required  special  watchfulness,  and  the 
whole  system,  with  those  engaged  in  it,  was  soon  discovered  and  com- 
munication entirely  broken  up.  Many  arrests  were  made  and  the 
prisoners  forwarded,  with  detailed  accounts  of  their  offences,  to  the  head- 
quarters of  the  army.  During  this  time  large  forces  of  the  enemy  were 
quartered  in  Loudon  county,  Virginia,  and  distributed  at  various  points 
in  the  neighborhood,  who  made  frequent  threatening  demonstrations. 
On  September  15,  a  body  of  these  troops  attacked  the  pickets  above 
Harper's  Ferry,  at  Pitcher's  Mills,  where  a  spirited  engagement  took 
place,  lasting  two  hours,  in  which  the  rebels  were  routed,  after  a  loss, 
acknowledged  by  them,  of  eighteen  killed,  seventy-three  wounded,  and 
several  prisoners.  Two  unmounted  iron  twelve-pounder  cannon  and  two 
small  trass  mortars,  with  other  effects  were  captured.  On  September  24, 
about  five  hundred  rebels  attacked  Point  of  Rocks  from  the  Virginia  side, 
where  another  animated  fight  of  two  hours  occurred,  In  which  artillery 
and  small  arms  were  used.  The  enemy  was  driven  with  loss  In  killed 
and  wounded,  and  the  houses  in  which  he  took  shelter  were  destroyed. 
A  few  days  afterwards  he  was  also  driven,  with  some  loss,  from  a  for- 
tified position  opposite  Berlin.  A  similar  affair  took  place  at  Knoxville 
on  the  2d  of  October. 

Early  in  October  secret  organizations,  regularly  officered  and  prepared 
with  arms  and  equipments,  for  rebellious  purposes,  were  discovered  in 
Frederick  and  adjoining  counties  in  Maryland.  The  names  of  the  parties 
were  obtained  and  their  premises  searched.  Their  arms  and  accoutre- 
ments were  found  hidden  in  barns,  and  out-houses,  and  buried  In  the 
ground,  at  some  distance  from  the  homes  of  their  owners.  Two  hundred 
sabres,  four  hundred  pistols  and  full  cavalry  equipments  for  at  least  two 
hundred  men,  and  about  fourteen  hundred  muskets  were  captured. 

A  detachment  of  the  command  having  been  ordered  to  seize  a  quantity 
of  wheat  intended  for  the  rebel  army,  at  a  mill  near  Harper's  Ferry,  in 
Virginia,  Colonel  Geary  crossed  the  Potomac  with  three  companies  and 
a.  piece  of  artillery  to  assist  in  removing  it,  and  to  protect  the  operations. 
This  labor,  though  pushed  forward  with  great  activity,  occupied  several 
days.  It  being  completed,  the  Colonel  had  determined  to  re-cross  the 
river  on  the  16th,  but  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning  his  pickets  stationed 
on  Bolivar  Heights,  west  of  Harper's  Ferry,  were  driven  into  the  town  of 
Bolivar  by  the  enemy  who  approached  from  the  west  in  three  columns, 
consisting  of  one  regiment  of  infantry,  one  of  cavalry,  and  three  pieces 
of  artillery,  commanded  by  General  Ashby.  His  advanced  guard  of 
cavalry  charged  gallantly  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  town,  and  his 
infantry  and  artillery  took  position  on  the  heights  from  which  the  pickets 
had  been  driven.  At  the  same  time  General  Evans,  with  four  regiments 
of  Infantry  and  four  pieces  of  artillery  appeared  on  Loudon  Heights. 
Sharpshooters  were  stationed  at  eligible  points  to  annoy  our  troops  at  the 
crossing  of  the  Potomac,  near  the  railroad  bridge  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Hav- 
ing detached  a  portion  of  his  command  to  defend  the  fords  on  the  Shenan- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  89 

doah,  the  Colonel  remained  with  about  five  hundred  men,  with  whom  he 
resisted  the  enemy's  charge.  A  second  and  third  were  made,  each  increas- 
ing in  impetuosity,  during  which,  in  addition  to  artilleryi  the  rebels 
were  supported  by  their  infantry  on  Bolivar  Heights.  They  were  each 
time  repulsed.  Under  this  concentrated  fire  the  troops  held  their  posi- 
tion until  eleven  o'clock,  when,  having  brought  up  a  rifled  cannon,  Com- 
panies A  and  G  pushed  forward,  turned  the  enemy's  left  flank,  and  gained 
a  portion  of  the  heights.  A  few  well  directed  shots  from  this  gun  at  the 
same  time  silenced  two  of  their  pieces,  and  soon  after  they  were  in  full 
retreat  towards  Charlestown.  The  standard  of  the  regiment  was  then 
planted  on  Bolivar  Heights.  The  victory  over  Ashby  was  complete. 
The  rebels  stated  their  loss  to  be  one  hundred  and  fifty  killed  and* 
\vounded.  Eleven  prisoners,  one  thirty-five  pounder  Columbiad,  a  wagon 
used  for  a  caisson,  with  a  large  quantity  of  ammunition,  and  twenty-one 
thousand  bushels  of  wheat  were  taken,  besides  which,  one  of  their  small 
guns  was  disabled.  Three  companies  of  the  Third  Wisconsin,  and  two 
companies  of  the  Thirteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  acted  under 
Colonel  Geary's  command  in  this  battle,  and  were  at  the  time  com- 
plimented by  him  for  their  gallantry.  After  disposing  of  Ashby,  attention 
was  turned  to  General  Evans,  on  Loudon  Heights.  His  sharpshooters 
were  soon  driven  from  the  east  bank  of  the  Shenandoah  by  the  expert 
marksmen  of  the  Twenty-eighth,  and  two  of  his  guns  were  disabled  by  a 
fire  from  the  artillery.  A  number  of  his  men  were  killed  and  wounded, 
and  finding  that  nothing  could  be  accomplished,  he  returned  to  Lees- 
burg.  This  was  the  first  victory  after  the  Bull  Run  disaster.  Before 
quitting  the  field  the  Colonel  forwarded  a  dispatch  to  the  Secretary  of 
War,  saying: — "I  write  upon  the  butt  of  a  cannon  captured  from  the 
enemy  to  inform  you  that  we  have  gained  a  complete  victory  over  the 
combined  forces  of  Ashby  and  Evans;"  to  which  the  Secretary  facetiously 
replied,  that  it  was  "far  more  desirable  to  receive  dispatches  from  the 
butts  than  from  the  muzzles  of  the  cannon  of  the  enemy."  For  this 
achievement  the  command  received  the  thanks  of  the  President,  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  and  the  commander  of  the  corps.  General  Banks  wrote: — 
"You  and  your  regiment  receive  commendations  from  all  quarters." 

On  October  21,  under  orders  from  Major  General  Banks,  Colonel  Geary 
reported  at  Edwards'  Ferry  with  one  thousand  men,  to  participate  in  the 
battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  and  on  the  23d  returned  to  the  camp  at  Point  of  Rocks. 
The  Maryland  Legislature  being  in  session  at  Frederick,  and  about  to  pass 
an  ordinance  of  secession,  a  column  of  four  thousand  of  the  enemy  attempt- 
ed, on  the  30th,  to  cross  the  Potomac  for  the  purpose  of  sustaining  them  in 
their  rebellious  act;  but  were  met  at  Nolan's  Ferry  by  the  troops  of 
Colonel  Geary's  command  and  driven  back,  thus  effecting  a  vastly  im- 
portant event  in  the  history  of  the  war. 

Under  date  of  October  21,  in  a  letter  to  Colonel  Geary,  Governor  Andrew 
G.  Curtin,  of  Pennsylvania,  says: — "The  standard  for  your  regiment  is 
ready,  and  if  I  can  leave  Harrisburg,  I  will  come  and  present  it  in  person, 
as  it  would  afford  me  much  pleasure  to  express  to  you  and  the  brave  men 


90  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

you  command,  my  gratification  and  pride  in  all  you  have  done  since  you 
left  Pennsylvania."  Pressing  official  business  prevented  the  Governor 
from  carrying  out  the  intention  expressed  in  this  letter;  But  in  the  month 
of  March  following,  he  dispatched  a  messenger  with  the  standard,  who 
delivered  it  to  the  Regimental  Quartermaster,  Captain  B.  F.  Lee,  at 
Harper's  Ferry,  by  whom  it  was  conveyed  to  Upperville,  Virginia,  and 
presented  to  the  regiment,  then  stationed  at  that  point. 

On  the  31st  a  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Jas.  B.  Nicholson,  Samuel 
R.  Hilt  and  Gilbert  S.  Parker,  presented  the  regiment  with  an  elegant 
suite  of  colors,  State  and  National,  the  gift  of  a  number  of  citizens  of 
Philadelphia.  The  ceremonies  attending  the  presentation  were  exceed- 
*  ingly  interesting  and  impressive.  The  regiment  was  formed  in  hollow 
square.  Mr.  Nicholson  made  an  eloquent  and  patriotic  speech,  to  which 
Colonel  Geary  responded  with  much  feeling  and  loyal  enthusiasm.  In 
the  course  of  his  remarks  he  assured  the  donors  that  he  regarded  the 
colors  as  a  sacred  trust,  for  whose  preservation  he  would  answer  through 
every  trial;  that  his  command  would  protect  them  with  their  lives,  and 
though  they  might  be  tattered  and  torn,  would  return  them  to  be  de- 
posited among  the  archives  of  the  State.  Beck's  Philadelphia  Brass 
Band  performed  several  national  and  soul-stirring  airs,  and  Chaplain 
Heisley  closed  the  imposing  ceremonies  with  a  fervent  prayer. 

On  November  10th  an  attack  was  made  upon  the  pickets  at  Berlin,  which 
was  successfully  resisted,  the  enemy  suffering  materially.  On  December 
19,  shells  were  thrown  from  the  Virginia  side  into  the  camp  at  Point  of 
Rocks,  when  a  section  of  Knap's  Battery  opened  fire  upon  the  rebels,  who 
were  in  possession  of  four  guns,  with  such  effect  as  to  scatter  them  and 
to  cause  considerable  loss.  An  action  occurred  at  Harper's  Ferry  dur- 
ing the  latter  part  of  this  month,  which  lasted  two  hours.  The  enemy 
was  defeated  and  a  large  portion  of  the  town  was  burned.  During  the 
months  of  January  and  February,  1862,  many  prisoners  were  sent  to  the 
Provost  Marshal.  Ihese  were  chiefly  civilians,  captured  as  spies,  or 
caught  in  the  act  of  communicating  intelligence  to  the  enemy.  On 
January  31,  a  rebel  flag,  seized  at  Point  of  Rocks,  was  forwarded  as  a 
present  from  the  regiment  to  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  pursuance  of  orders  for  the  army  to  cross  the  Potomac,  Colonel 
Geary  concentrated  his  command  at  Sandy  Hook  on  the  24th  of  February. 
In  endeavoring  to  stretch  a  rope  over  the  river,  a  boat  was  upset  by  a  sud- 
den storm  of  wind,  and  six  men  of  Company  P  were  drowned.  The  com- 
mand crossed  on  the  two  following  days  on  large  flat-boats  and  drove 
the  enemy  from  Bolivar  Heights. 

On  the  28th,  the  regiment  and  battery,  with  four  companies  of  the  First 
Michigan  Cavalry,  crossed  the  Shenandoah  by  a  rope  ferry,  and,  at  the 
point  of  the  bayonet,  took  pcssession'of  Loudon  Heights.  Leaving  five 
companies  with  Lieutenant  Colonel  De  Korponay,  to  garrison  the  heights, 
Colonel  Geary,  with  the  main  body,  pushed  forward,  and  on  the  morning 
of  March  1,  reached  Lovettsville.  The  enemy  stationed  there,  after  a 
sharp  skirmish,  fled  with  great  precipitation.  Nineteen  of  his  cavalry 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  91 

were  captured,  with  horses  and  arms,  and  a  large  quantity  of  other  prop- 
erty. During  the  three  succeeding  days  General  A.  P.  Hill,  with  a  force 
of  four  thousand  men  and  thirteen  pieces  of  artillery,  was  held  in  check. 
On  the  3d,  Lieutenant  Colonel  De  Korponay,  with  his  detachment,  being 
relieved  at  Loudon  Heights,  re-joined  the  command. 

Information  being  received  on  the  7th  of  March  that  a  force  of  fifteen 
hundred  rebel  infantry,  artillery  and  cavalry,  were  at  Waterford,  de- 
termined upon  destroying  that  town  and  Wheatland,  and  also  the  railroad, 
Colonel  Geary  immediately  put  his  cavalry  and  artillery  in  motion,  leav- 
ing instructions  for  the  infantry  to  follow,  and  entered  Wheatland  in 
time  to  frustrate  these  incendiary  designs.  The  rebels  stationed  at 
Wheatland  fled  to  Waterford,  creating  such  a  panic  that  the  troops  quar- 
tered there  instantly  decamped  and  hastened  to  join  General  Hill,  at 
Leesburg.  At  eleven  o'clock  at  night  Colonel  Geary  followed  in  pursuit 
to  Waterford,  and  after  resting  three  hours,  pushed  forward  for  Lees- 
burg.  Having  an  exaggerated  idea  of  the  strength  of  the  advancing 
forces,  General  Hill,  after  burning  his  barracks  and  much  valuable  prop- 
erty, hastily  evacuated  the  town  and  fled  towards  Middleburg,  and  at 
about  sunrise  on  the  mwning  of  the  8th,  Hill's  retreating  forces  still  in 
sight,  Colonel  Geary's  command,  after  a  forced  march  of  sixteen  miles 
over  muddy  roads,  entered  Leesburg  without  opposition,  planting  the 
Union  flag  upon  Forts  Johnson,  Beauregard  and  Evans,  and  taking  pos- 
session of  all  the  public  buildings.  Ninety  prisoners,  seventy  horses  and 
a  train  of  wagons  containing  officers'  baggage  and  sutlers'  stores  were 
captured.  The  line  of  the  enemy's  retreat  was  marked  with  devastations 
hastily  committed.  Bridges  were  destroyed  and  mills,  fences,  granaries, 
barns,  stacks  of  grain  and  hay,  and  the  buildings  upon  the  fair  grounds 
were  burned.  In  regard  to  this  movement,  General  Banks,  on  the  9th, 
telegraphed  to  Colonel  Geary,  saying: — "I  congratulate  you  on  the  occu- 
pation of  Leesburg.  It  indicates  the  overthrow  of  the  left  wing  of  the 
rebel  army  on  the  Potomac,  and  will  give  joy  to  the  country."  And  on 
the  llth,  he  closed  a  congratulatory  letter  with  the  remark: — "I  am 
greatly  gratified  with  your  occupation  of  the  town  so  promptly." 

Leaving  a  garrison  to  guard  the  town,  the  main  body  of  the  command 
moved  forward  on  the  morning  of  the  12th,  sixteen  miles  to  Snickersville, 
having  a  spirited  skirmish  on  the  way.  After  reconnoitering  the  moun- 
tains and  country  in  this  vicinity,  it  proceeded  to  Upperville,  on  the  14th, 
driving  off  Ashby's  and  the  Sixth  Virginia  Cavalry,  killing  one  officer 
and  capturing  twenty  prisoners  and  a  number  of  horses  and  equipments. 
The  order  preserved  by  the  troops,  their  respect  for  persons  and  property, 
and  their  general  praiseworthy  deportment  so  commended  them  to  the 
citizens,  that  a  lively  Union  sentiment  sprang  up  in  all  these  villages  and 
towns.  Many  came  forward  and  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  and  desired 
the  protection  of  the  Union  forces. 

A  force  of  rebel  cavalry  was  driven,  on  the  15th,  from  Ashby's  Gap,  to 
hold  which  and  Snicker's  Gap,  was  of  essential  importance  to  the  troops 
operating  against  Winchester  in  the  valley  westward.  At  the  same  time 


92  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

a  flank  movement  was  made  towards  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  the  enemy, 
fearing  an  attack,  burned  an  immense  quantity  of  bacon  there,  and  five 
thousand  barrels  of  flour  at  Gainesville.  The  regiment  was  actively  en- 
gaged for  several  successive  days,  and  by  the  20th  it  had  taken  possession 
of  Rectortown,  Piedmont,  Markham,  Linden  and  Front  Royal,  after  much 
skirmishing,  and  taking  many  prisoners. 

Deeming  Leesburg  to  be  safe  without  a  garrison,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
De  Korponay,  who  had  been  left  there  with  three  companies,  was  ordered 
to  join  the  main  command,  which  he  did  at  Snickersville  on  the  morning 
of  the  25th,  Colonel  Geary  having  reached  that  point  the  day  previous  on 
his  return  from  Aldie,  where  he  had  proceeded  in  obedience  to  an  order  of 
the  21st  from  Division  Headquarters.  At  noon  of  the  25th  the  line  of 
march  was  resumed  and  the  command  reached  Philemont,  and  encamped 
at  sunset.  On  the  morning  of  the  26th  it  proceeded  to  Middleburg,  where 
it  encountered  and  repulsed  about  three  hundred  of  the  enemy's  cavalry, 
with  a  reserve  of  infantry,  who  had  approached  from  the  direction  of 
Upperville.  They  retreated  in  great  disorder  to  the  mountains.  An 
engagement  also  took  place  at  Salem  with  rebel  cavalry  and  infantry, 
who  were  driven  with  much  loss  in  killed  and«wounded,  and  thirty  pris- 
oners. The  command  lost  three  killed,  ten  wounded  and  nine  prisoners. 
Remaining  here  a  day  and  a  half,  in  consequence  of  the  existence  of 
violent  secession  feeling,  for  the  purpose  of  adopting  means  for  the  pre- 
servation of  order,  it  left  on  the  morning  of  the  29th,  and  reached  White 
Plains,  on  the  Manassas  railroad,  at  two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  driv- 
ing the  rebel  cavalry  towards  Warrenton. 

At  White  Plains,  on  the  1st  of  April,  the  command  was  menaced  by  sev- 
eral thousand  rebel  cavalry,  who  were  approaching  from  the  direction  of 
Flint  Hill.  The  position  being  difficult  to  defend,  the  camp  was  moved 
to  Thoroughfare  Gap,  about  five  miles  distant,  where  the  enemy  was  un- 
willing to  risk  an  attack.  The  next  day  Colonel  Geary  resumed  the  offen- 
sive. On  the  3d,  he  moved  ten  miles  to  Greenwich,  and  on  the  4th  reached 
Catlett's  Station,  on  the  road  to  Warrenton  Junction.  The  country  was 
reconnoitered  for  a  considerable  distance,  and  parties  of  rebel  cavalry 
were  encountered  and  defeated.  Proceeding  toward  Warrenton  at  sun- 
rise on  the  6th,  he  encamped  about  noon  near  the  town.  During  the 
morning's  march  about  eight  hundred  rebel  cavalry  were  driven  from 
Warrenton  across  the  Rappahannock,  who  burned  the  bridge  at  Water- 
loo to  escape  pursuit.  Formal  possession  was  taken  of  the  town  on  the 
same  day,  where  the  flag  of  the  Forty-sixth  Virginia  Regiment  was 
captured.  On  the  morning  of  the  7th  the  line  of  march  was  resumed  but 
the  progress  was  arrested  by  a  severe  snow  storm,  which  continued  four 
days  with  unabated  violence,  compelling  the  command  to  remain  en- 
camped during  that  time  about  five  miles  from  Warrenton,  after  which 
It  proceeded,  agreeably  to  orders,  to  White  Plains,  reaching  its  former 
position  there  on  the  llth.  On  the  14th,  it  encamped  In  the  vicinity  of 
Rectortown.  On  that  day,  in  a  skirmish  near  Piedmont,  with  rebel 
cavalry,  two  of  the  advance  guard  of  the  regiment  were  killed. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  93 

Upon  its  return  to  White  Plains  the  command  proceeded  to  examine  the 
lines  of  the  Manassas  Railroad  and  to  make  needed  repairs;  also  to  re- 
construct the  telegraph  lines  and  re-build  sundry  bridges  that  had  been 
burned  or  otherwise  destroyed.  Detachments  were  placed  upon  the  rail- 
road from  Salem  to  Linden,  a  distance  of  more  than  thirty  miles,  to  guard 
the  workmen  employed  in  making  repairs.  The  labor  was  extremely 
arduous.  Bridges  of  considerable  length  were  to  be  re-built,  much  of  the 
requisite  timber  being  cut  in  the  neighborhood.  The  road  is  tortuous, 
winding  along  a  broken  country  among  deep  ravines  and  wooded  hills. 
The  mountains  are  well  adapted  for  the  concealment  of  guerrillas  and 
rebel  cavalry  with  which  they  were  infested,  and  always  on  the  alert 
to  destroy  the  work  as  it  progressed,  and  annoy  the  operatives  and  their 
guards.  A  severe  storm,  which  lasted  from  the  18th  to  the  22d,  also  con- 
tributed to  retard  the  operations.  The  streams  were  greatly  swollen,  and 
bridges  that  had  been  re-built  over  Goose  Creek,  Bull  Run  and  other 
places,  were  again  swept  away.  Means  of  communication  were  very 
limited,  supplies  difficult  to  obtain,  and  to  a  great  extent  the  troops  were 
compelled  to  forage  on  an  impoverished  country.  Still  the  workmen  per- 
severed with  unremitting  toil,  and  by  the  1st  of  May  the  telegraph  lines 
were  in  operation  and  the  railroad  in  working  order.  It  is  here  worthy 
of  remark,  that  notwithstanding  the  extraordinary  services  required  of 
this  command,  so  acknowledged  by  the  Commanding  General,  compara- 
tively little  sickness  occurred,  and  the  labors  of  the  efficient  surgeons, 
than  whom  none  could  have  been  more  attentive  to  their  duties,  were  by 
no  means  onerous.  This  was  not  only  attributable  to  the  rigid  physical 
examination  of  the  men  before  their  admission  into  the  several  companies 
comprising  the  regiment,  but  also  to  the  order  and  cleanliness  of  their 
camps  and  persons,  and  other  sanitary  measures  adopted  and  observed 
after  the  regiment  was  organized. 

On  April  25th,  Colonel  Geary  received  from  the  War  Department  the 
commission  of  Brigadier  General  of  Volunteers.  Gratifying  as  was  this 
well-merited  promotion  to  the  Colonel  and  the  officers  and  men  of  the 
Twenty-eighth,  it  was  not  more  so  than  the  fact,  that  by  his  and  their 
earnest  entreaty  the  regiment,  of  which  he  was  so  justly  proud,  was  per- 
mitted to  remain  attached  to  his  command;  and  so  intimately  inter- 
woven and  blended  together  with  their  subsequent  operations,  that  it  is 
impossible  to  give  a  comprehensive  account  of  the  doings  of  the  regiment 
independent  of  those  of  the  brigades  and  divisions  to  which  it  was  at- 
tached. A  history  of  the  one  becomes  necessarily  a  part  and  parcel  of 
the  others.  Colonel  Geary  was  succeeded  in  command  of  the  Twenty- 
eighth  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  De  Korponay,  whose  promotion  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel  bears  date  of  April  25,  and  who  remained  in  command  until 
the  30th  of  September  following,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged  from 
the  service.*  Major  Tyndale  was  promoted  to  the  Lieutenant  Colonelcy, 

*In  taking  command  Colonel  De  Korponay  addressed  the  regiment  as  follows: 
"Soldiers  of  the  Twenty-eighth :— Having,   by  Divine  Providence,    assumed  the  com- 
mand of  such  noble  material,  composed  of  the  finest  men  of  the  army,  I  promise  you 


$4  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

who  was  succeeded  by  Arlo  Pardee,  Jr.,  as  Major  of  the  regiment.  Upon 
his  taking  leave  as  commanding  officer,  the  regiment  complimented  their 
late  Colonel  with  an  elegant  and  costly  sword,  sash,  epaulettes,  and  a 
full  and  splendid  set  of  horse  equipments.  The  ceremonies  on  the  occa- 
sion of  the  presentation  were  unusually  interesting  and  Impressive.  A 
congratulatory  letter  from  Major  General  Banks  was  read,  in  which  he 
Bays:— "I  congratulate  you  on  your  late  promotion,  and  regret  only  that 
your  brigade  is  not  to  join  us  again.  Our  connection  has  been  long,  and 
to  me  most  pleasant,  and  I  shall  be  glad  at  all  times  to  acknowledge 
the  efficiency,  alacrity  and  unsurpassed  energy  and  ability  with  which 
you  and  your  command  have  discharged  all  your  duties." 

At  the  time  of  his  promotion  the  line  of  railroad  being  guarded  by  Gen- 
eral Geary  extended  to  Manassas,  making  a  distance  in  all  of  fifty-two 
miles.  His  headquarters  were  one  mile  and  a  half  from  Rectortown,  the 
troops  occupying  Front  Royal,  Shenandoah,  Happy  Creek,  Linden,  Mark- 
ham,  Piedmont,  Rectortown,  Salem,  White  Plains,  Thoroughfare  Gap, 
Manassas,  and  intermediate  points.  For  their  protection  all  available 
means  were  employed  in  the  erection  of  block-houses,  abattis  and  other 
necessary  defences. 

On  the  15th  of  May,  company  O,  was  ordered  to  Linden.  A  detachment 
of  seventeen  men,  guarding  the  company  wagon,  reached  there  before  the 
main  body,  which  was  on  a  train.  They  were  attacked  by  rebel  cavalry, 
who  came  upon  them  suddenly  from  different  directions.  The  men  re- 
sisted bravely,  but  after  a  stout  defence,  were  overpowered,  one  being 
killed  and  fourteen  taken  prisoners,  three  of  whom  were  wounded.  The 
balance  of  the  company  coming  up  the  rebels  fled  under  their  fire, with 
loss. 

On  the  17th  of  May  the  command  was  re-attached  to  the  division  of 
General  Banks,  in  telegraphing  which  fact  he  expressed  his  "very  great 
gratification."  About  this  time  the  enemy  was  actively  engaged  In 
making  preparations  to  capture  the  commands  of  Generals  Banks  and 
Geary.  His  troops  were  gathered  In  overwhelming  force  at  Swift  Run 
Gap,  and  moving  down  the  valley  by  way  of  Luray,  made  a  fierce  attack 
at  Front  Royal,  in  which  engagement  a  section  of  Knap's  Battery  took  a 
conspicuous  part.  Rebel  scouting  parties  were  constantly  seen  along  the 
entire  line,  and  skirmishes  between  these  and  the  pickets  and  scouts,  at 
various  points,  were  of  daily  occurrence.  On  the  24th,  overwhelming 
forces  of  the  enemy,  approaching  from  the  north,  south  and  west,  the 
command  was  ordered  to  fall  back  to  Manassas,  whence,  on  the  28th, 
it  advanced  to  Ashby's  and  other  gape  In  the  Blue  Ridge,  to  assist  In 

sincerely  that  I  will  endeavor  to  do  ample  Justice  to  the  position  which  IB  entrusted  to 
my  hands.  May  God  Almighty  guide  and  strengthen  me  In  all  my  undertakings  In 
which  I  may  have  to  lead  you,  and  may  He  never  leave  me  to  falter  In  guiding  you  to 
assured  victory. 

"Having  had  a  noble  example  before  me  In  my  predecessor,  our  beloved  Brigadier 
Oeneral,  and  having  been  carefully  trained  under  him,  I  hope  that  I  will  meet  your 
cordial  support  at  nil  times,  whether  In  peaceful  or  warlike  associations." 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  96 

expelling  Jackson   from    the   upper   valley,   and   preventing   his   return 
through  the  gaps. 

Position  was  resumed  on  the  Manassas  Gap  Railroad  on  the  5th  of  June. 
The  transportation  and  railroad  property  west  of  Rectortown,  having  all 
been  removed  east  by  order  of  General  McDowell,  and  General  Geary 
having,  on  the  23d,  received  orders  to  report  with  his  whole  command,  to 
General  Banks,  at  Middletown,  the  detachments  were  directed  to  join 
him  at  Snickersville;  from  which  point  they  moved  at  one  o'clock  P.  M., 
on  the  26th,  fording  the  Shenandoah  at  Snicker's  Ferry,  and  passing 
through  Winchester  on  the  27th,  reached  Middletown  at  four  o'clock  on 
the  afternoon  of  the  L'9th.  Here  orders  were  received  on  the  30th  to  march 
at  daylight  on  the  following  morning,  July  1,  with  the  whole  command  to 
a  suitable  position  opposite  Passage  Creek  near  Buck's  Ford,  which  order 
was  promptly  executed,  the  distance  marched  being  four  miles.  By 
order  of  General  Banks  the  post  at  Buck's  Ford  was  broken  up  on  the 
morning  of  July  6th,  at  five  o'clock,  and  the  command  of  General  Geary 
proceeded  to  report  to  Brigadier  General  A.  S.  Williams,  at  his  camp  be- 
yond Front  Royal,  reaching  there  at  three  o'clock  P.  M.,  marching  thir- 
teen miles,  the  weather  being  extremely  warm.  At  11  o'clock  A.  M.,  of 
the  7th  it  proceeded  eight  miles  further  through  a  heavy  storm  of  hail 
and  rain.  Starting  again  at  six  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  8th,  it 
marched  ten  miles,  passing  through  Flint  Hill  and  encamping  at  Games' 
Cross  Roads.  The  weather  was  so  warm  that  three  men  died  of  sun- 
stroke. Remained  in  camp  all  day  of  the  9th.  At  three  o'clock  A.  M., 
of  the  10th,  an  attack  was  threatened  by  the  enemy,  when  the  28th  was 
formed  in  line  of  battle,  in  which  position  it  remained  for  several  hours. 
On  this  day  an  order  was  issued  by  General  Williams  to  the  effect  that 
"the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  and  Knap's  Bat- 
tery, together  with  such  other  troops  as  might  thereafter  be  added  to 
General  Geary's,  would  henceforth  be  known  and  designated  as  the 
Second  Brigade  of  the  First  Division,  Second  Corps."  The  brigade  left 
Games'  Cross  Roads  on  the  morning  of  the  llth,  and  marched  ten  miles, 
passing  through  Amissville  and  Blackwell,  and  encamping  one  mile  be- 
yond Hedgeman  river.  On  the  12th  it  proceeded  five  miles  further  and 
encamped  near  Warrenton.  At  this  date  General  Pope  took  command  of 
the  Army  of  Virginia,  embracing  the  commands  of  Generals  Banks,  Fre- 
mont and  Sigel,  issued  stringent  orders  relative  to  the  conduct  and  move- 
ments of  the  corps.  The  officers  were  restricted  to  the  smallest  possible 
amount  of  baggage,  and  the  Sibley  tents  gave  place  to  simple  shelter' 
tents. 

Thfc  line  of  march  was  resumed  on  the  16th,  and  the  corps,  passing 
Blackwell,  reached  Little  Washington  the  same  day,  a  distance  of  twenty- 
three  miles,  marching  through  a  storm  of  rain,  and  wading  several 
heavily  swollen  creeks.  Here  it  encamped  on  the  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge, 
and  in  the  adjacent  fields,  where  it  remained  till  the  close  of  the  month 
with  daily  company,  battalion  and  brigade  drill.  On  the  28th  the  troops 
of  the  command  were  reviewed  by  General  Banks,  the  review  occupying 


96  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

five  hours.  Five  thousand  men  and  fifty  pieces  of  artillery  were  in  line. 
On  this  occasion  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment  made  so  fine  an  appear- 
ance as  to  attract  the  special  attention  of  the  reviewing  General,  and  re- 
ceive from  him  the  most  flattering  commendation. 

On  the  1st  of  August  the  entire  corps  participated  in  appropriate  cere- 
monies on  the  occasion  of  the  death  of  ex-President  Van  Buren,  and  on 
the  3d  was  reviewed  by  Major  General  Pope.  On  the  6th  the  Second 
Brigade  struck  camp  at  Little  Washington  and  moved  towards  Culpepper 
Court  House,  arriving  there  on  the  evening  of  the  8th,  the  brigade  con- 
sisting of  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  Knap's  Battery,  the  Fifth,  Sev- 
enth, Twenty-ninth  and  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  Infantry,  and  one  company  of 
the  First  Virginia  Cavalry,  numbering  in  all  about  two  thousand  one 
hundred  effective  men.  It  was  here  changed  to  order  of  General  Banks, 
commanding  Second  Corps,  to  the  First  Brigade  of  the  Second  Division, 
under  command  of  General  Augur. 

On  the  9th  of  August  it  marched  for  Orange  Court  House,  the  heat  being 
so  intense  that  several  deaths  occurred  from  sun-stroke.  When  four  miles 
from  Culpepper,  the  Twenty-eighth,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Tyndale  com- 
manding, was  detached  and  ordered  to  re-take  and  hold  at  all  hazards,  the 
signal  station  on  Thoroughfare  Mountain,  from  which  the  signal  officers 
had  been  driven.  This  order  was  successfully  executed,  and  the  signal 
station  re-established,  at  that  time  a  matter  of  vast  importance.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  brigade  under  General  Geary  proceeded  a  few  miles  fur- 
ther, where  the  advance  troops  had  taken  position  in  line  of  battle  near 
and  beyond  Cedar  creek.  They  were  immediately  put  in  line  and  did  good 
service  in  the  fierce  struggle  that  ensued.  Knap's  Battery  gained  fresh 
laurels  for  the  splendid  manner  in  which  its  guns  were  handled.  In  this 
battle  General  Geary  was  slightly  wounded  in  the  left  foot  and  severely  In 
the  left  arm,  but  remained  on  the  field  until  nine  o'clock  in  the  evening, 
when  he  was  compelled  to  retire  from  exhaustion  produced  by  pain  and 
loss  of  blood.  The  battle  raged  furiously  from  two  o'clock  P.  M.,  until 
midnight,  and  was  partially  visible  to  the  main  body  of  the  Twenty- 
eighth,  who  saw  the  bursting  shells  and  heard  the  rattle  of  musketry  and 
roar  of  cannon,  without  being  permitted  to  take  part  in  the  strife.  A 
number  of  their  men,  however,  who  were  on  guard  duty  with  ammunition 
and  other  trains,  rushed  to  the  fields  and  shared  the  glory  of  the  fight. 
Two  of  these  were  killed  and  two  wounded.  Knap's  Battery  lost  seven 
wounded  and  one  killed. 

At  seven  o'clock  P.  M.,  on  the  10th,  the  regiment  re-joined  the  brigade, 
which,  in  consequence  of  the  wounds  of  General  Geary  unfitting  him  for 
service,  was  then  commanded  by  Colonel  Candy  of  the  Sixty-sixth  Ohio 
Volunteers.  Colorel  De  Korponay  was  in  command  of  the  regiment.  On 
the  13th,  six  companies,  under  command  of  Major  Pardee,  were  dis- 
patched to  the  Rappahannock  bridge  to  guard  its  approaches.  Here  they 
remained  until  the  19th,  when,  after  Generals  Pope  and  Banks,  with 
their  commands,  had  crossed  the  bridge,  they  re-joined  their  brigade  and 
passed  the  river  early  in  the  evening.  During  the  remainder  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  97 

month  the  regiment  was  constantly  in  motion  and  was  engaged  in  fre- 
quent skirmishes,  some  of  them  of  considerable  importance,  in  all  of 
which  it  supported  Knap's  Battery.  On  the  30th  it  reached  Bristoe  Sta- 
tion and  was  the  only  regiment  there.  The  enemy  being  reported  as  ad- 
vancing, orders  were  given  on  the  morning  of  the  31st  to  destroy  the 
trains  of  cars  at  that  place,  which  were  promptly  executed  by  the  speedy 
destruction  by  fire  and  otherwise,  of  five  first  class  engines  and  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-eight  cars,  containing  a  large  amount  of  government 
property.  At  noon  it  marched  towards  Bull  Run  and  reached  the  bridge 
at  six  o'clock  P.  M.,  having  been  attacked  several  times  on  the  march -by 
rebel  cavalry. 

On  September  1,  eleven  non-commissioned  officers  and  two  privates 
were  detailed,  by  order  of  Major  General  Banks,  to  go  on  a  scouting  ex- 
pedition in  the  direction  of  Leesburg,  to  ascertain  the  movements  of  the 
enemy.  These  men  were  carefully  selected,  as  the  expedition  was  one  of 
great  responsibility  and  danger.  During  the  march  they  were  several 
times  pursued  by  parties  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  and  near  Chantilly  were 
fired  upon.  'Having  accomplished  their  object  they  proceeded  to  the 
Potomac,  and  crossed  upon  a  raft  which  they  hastily  constructed,  when, 
meeting  a  canal  boat,  they  started  upon  it  for  Washington  City,  where 
they  arrived  on  the  7th,  taking  with  them  sixteen  rebel  prisoners  whom 
they  had  captured  on  their  expedition.  One  of  the  party,  a  private,  was 
captured  by  the  enemy.  So  admirably  was  this  difficult  duty  performed, 
that  the  men  were  complimented  by  Brigadier  General  A.  S.  Williams 
in  the  following  General  Order: 

"The  General  commanding  takes  great  pleasure  in  commending  the 
conduct  of  Sergeant  Bonsall  and  twelve  men  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  who  being  detailed  on  important  special  duty  be-- 
yond  the  lines  of  the  army,  discharged  that  duty  promptly  and  faithfully, 
and,  on  their  return,  captured  nineteen  armed  Confederates,  sixteen  of 
whom  they  brought  safely  to  camp.  This  act  is  deemed  worthy  of  special 
commendation  as  an  example  to  their  comrades." 

At  four  o'clock  A.  M.,  September  2,  the  regiment  left  Bull  Run  bridge, 
and  commenced  a  long  and  toilsome  march  on  the  Antietam  compaign, 
arriving  at  Antietam  Creek  and  crossing  at  eleven  o'clock  on  the  night  of 
the  16th.  The  men  were  so  overcome  with  fatigue  and  loss  of  sleep  that 
they  stacked  arms  and  threw  themselves  down  upon  the  plowed  fields  to 
seek  the  repose  they  so  greatly  needed.  During  this  tedious  march  of 
about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles,  in  the  hottest  season  of  the 
year,  they  passed  through  Centrevi'le,  Alexandria,  Long  Bridge,  George- 
town, Tenallytown,  Rockville,  Middlebrook,  Damascus,  Ijamsville,  Fred- 
erick and  Boonsboro'.  They  also  crossed  the  Cotoctin  and  South  moun- 
tains, and  waded  the  Monocacy  and  other  streams. 

At  daylight  on  the  morning  of  the  17th  the  battle  of  Antietam  began, 
and  scarcely  had  the  wearied  troops  time  to  partake  of  a  hastily  prepared 
meal,  when  they  were  ordered  forward  to  take  part  in  one  of  the  fiercest 
conflicts  of  the  war.  The  regiment  got  into  position  under  a  murderous 


y-s  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

fire  of  grape  and  canister  just  as  the  exultant  enemy,  having  driven  back 
the  main  army,  was  rapidly  advancing  in  large  force,  when  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Tyndale,  in  charge  of  the  brigade,  Major  Pardee  commanding  the 
regiment,  charged  with  fixed  bayonets  and  checked  his  advance,  and  the 
Twenty-eighth,  irstantly  pouring  in  a  destructive  fire,  caused  him  to 
waver  and  fall  back.  The  fight  continued  until  late  in  the  afternoon,  the 
regiment  being  under  fire  about  eight  hours.  It  captured  two  guns  and 
five  flags.  Its  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  was  two  hundred  and  sixty-six. 
Among  the  latter  was  Lieutenant  Colonel  Tyndale,  who  was  struck  on 
the  head  with  a  Minie-ball.  The  wound  was  considered  mortal  but  he 
subsequently  recovered.  On  the  18th  the  enemy,  under  a  flag  of  truce, 
retreated  across  the  Potomac,  and  the  division  moved  a  short  distance 
to  the  right  of  Antietam. 

On  the  19th  of  September  the  Second  Division  again  moved  in  advance, 
and  on  the  23d  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  being  the  first  to  cross  the 
river  at  Harper's  Ferry,  took  position  on  Louden  Heights,  which  the  divi- 
sion held  while  the  main  body  of  the  army  encamped  in  Pleasant  Valley, 
north  of  the  Potomac.  On  the  25th,  General  Geary,  who  had  been  absent, 
on  leave,  in  consequence  of  the  wounds  received  at  Cedar  Mountain,  re- 
turned with  his  arm  still  in  bandage,  and  was  enthusiastically  received 
by  his  command.  He  at  once  took  charge  of  his  brigade,  and  being  senior 
officer  present,  under  orders  from  General  Sumner,  he  assumed  command 
of  the  Second  Division,  Twelfth  Army  Corps. 

On  October  21,  under  orders  from  General  McClellan,  the  division  made 
a  reconnoissance  in  the  direction  of  Leesburg,  and  encountered  and  de- 
feated rebel  cavalry  near  Wheatland,  capturing  a  large  number  of  pris- 
oners and  horses  with  cavalry  equipments.  In  this,  the  Twenty-eighth 
hore  a  conspicuous  part,  and  upon  its  result  the  movement  of  General 
McClellan  to  the  south  of  the  Potomac  was  determined.  On  the  28th, 
Companies  L,  M,  N,  O  and  P,  with  another  company  that  had  been 
temporarily  attached,  were  withdrawn  from  the  regiment  to  form  the 
One  Hundred  and  Forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  of  which 
Major  Pardee  was  promoted  to  the  Colonelcy. 

General  Mansfield,  commanding  the  Second  Corps,  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  and  the  corps,  its  number  being  subsequently  changed 
to  the  Twelfth,  was  placed  under  command  of  Major  General  Slocum, 
General  Geary  taking  command  of  the  Second  Division,  his  old  brigade 
being  placed  in  charge  of  Colonel  Ruger,  to  which  was  attached  the 
Twenty-eighth.  General  McClellan  having  advanced  with  the  army,  the 
Twelfth  Corps  was  left  to  garrison  Harper's  Ferry,  the  Second  Division 
encamping  on  Bolivar  Heights.  Frequent  reconnoissances  were  made 
by  it  in  advance,  in  which  heavy  skirmishing  occurred. 

December  2,  a  reconnoissance  was  made  to  Winchester,  where  the  rebel 
General  Jones,  with  superior  numbers,  after-  five  engagements,  continuing 
through  three  successive  days,  was  defeated,  and  on  the  5th  the  place 
was  captured  with  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  prisoners.  On  the  7th, 
the  division  returned  to  Bolivar  Heights,  having  been  absent  five  days 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  99 

and  travelled  sixty-five  miles.  The  Twenty-eighth  accompanied  this 
expedition.  Two  days  later  the  Twelfth  Corps  was  relieved  at  Harper's 
Ferry  and  ordered  to  join  the  army  o'f  General  Burnside,  to  participate 
in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  The  corps  was  afterwards  ordered  to 
Fairfax  Station,  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  with  its  brigade,  being  left 
to  garrison  Dumfries.  On  the  17th  of  December,  this  brigade  was  at- 
tacked by  Stuart's  Cavalry,  twelve  thousand  strong,  and  eight  pieces 
of  artillery.  After  a  desperate  struggle  the  rebels  withdrew,  intending 
to  renew  the  attack,  but  General  Geary,  attracted  by  the  firing  upon  this 
portion  of  his  command,  hastened  at  night  to  its  relief  with  the  rest  of  his 
division,  and  encountered  them  at  Occoquan,  while  marching  to  attack 
his  camp,  routing  them  and  inflicting  serious  loss. 

In  January,  1863,  the  division  moved  to  Acquia,  and  remained  there 
until  the  latter  part  of  April,  principally  engaged  in  fortifying  the  place, 
slashing  the  timber  around  it,  and  reconnoitering  the  surrounding 
country.  Leaving  there  on  the  27th  of  April,  it  made  the  famous  forced 
march  by  way  of  Stafford  Court  House,  to  Kelly's  Ferry,  on  the  Rappa- 
hannock,  and  Germania  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  to  Chancellorsville,  during 
which  the  Twenty-eighth  distinguished  itself  in  skirmishing  with  and 
defeating  the  rebel  cavalry  upon  the  right  flank,  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
movement. 

May  1,  General  Hooker  gave  battle  to  General  Lee,  at  Chancellorsville, 
and  the  bloody  three  days'  fight  at  that  place  ensued.  In  these  terrific 
actions  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment  took  a  prominent  part  and  added 
new  laurels  to  those  already  earned  on  other  sanguinary  fields.  When 
the  command  was  ordered  to  fall  back  it  remained  with  its  division  and 
did  not  quit  the  field  Until  two  hours  after  the  other  troops  had  retired. 
Its  loss  during  these  three  days  was  over  one  hundred  killed  and 
wounded,  out  of  three  hundred  engaged,  it  being  one-fifth  of  the  entire 
loss  of  the  brigade.  Among  the  killed  was  Major  L.  F.  Chapman,  Who 
was  then  in  command  of  the  regiment,  and  who  was  one  of  the  most 
heroic  and  efficient  officers  in  the  army.  After  the  promotion  of  Colonel 
Geary,  Major  Chapman  took  great  interest  in  keeping  up  the  character 
the  regiment  had  acquired  for  its  admirable  drill  and  discipline,  and 
to  his  untiring  exertions  in  this  regard  is  owing  much  of  its  subsequent 
fame.  First  Lieutenant  William  C.  Shields  fell  in  this  engagement  and 
several  other  officers  were  wounded.  The  division  captured  five  battle- 
flags.  Its  loss  was  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  nine  men  killed, 
wounded  and  missing.  At  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  the  men  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  Regiment  performed  a  herculean  task  in  the  construction 
of  their  temporary  breast-works.  They  were  without  spades,  shovels 
or  axes;  but  with  an  energy  which  signalized  them  during  the  war,  they 
applied  themselves  to  the  arduous  task  with  the  only  tools  they  could 
command,  consisting  of  bayonets,  tin  cups  and  plates.  With  these  alone, 
their  fortifications  were  constructed.  Another  incident  occurred  il- 
lustrative of  their  indomitable  courage  and  heroic  ardor.  During  the 
first  day's  fight  they  were  designated  to  lead  a  charge  against  a  column 


100  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

of  the  advancing  enemy  who  poured  in  upon  them  a  perfect  tornado  of 
balls,  dealing  frightful  destruction  along  their  ranks.  They  were  under 
a  new  commander  who  had  never  led  them  in  the  fight.  As  they  faced 
the  fearful  volcano  of  death,  they,  for  the  first  time,  halted  and  wavered. 
General  Geary,  then  commanding  the  division,  witnessed  their  indecision, 
when  he  suddenly  sprang  from  his  horse,  and  brandishing  his  sword, 
leaped  the  breast-works,  crying  aloud,  "Men  of  the  Twenty-eighth,  fol- 
low your  old  commander."  His  appearance  and  words  operated  like  an 
electric  shock.  A  tremendous  shout  ran  along  the  line,  and  simultane- 
ously the  men  dashed  forward  with  such  impetuosity  as  to  instantly  stop 
the  progress  of  and  soon  repulse  the  enemy. 

At  dawn  on  the  morning  of  May  5,  the  army  re-crossed  the  Rappa- 
hannock  at  United  States  Ford,  below  its  junction  with  the  Rapidan,  and 
the  regiment  marched  with  its  division  to  its  former  position  and  duties  at 
Acquia.  On  June  3,  Colonel  De  Korponay  having  resigned,  Captain 
Thomas  J.  Ahl,  of  Company  H,  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment; and  on  the  5th  the  Enfleld  rifles  with  sword  bayonets,  with  which  it 
started  from  Philadelphia,  were  exchanged  for  Springfield  muskets.  The 
camp  at  Acquia  was  broken  up  on  the  13th  of  June,  and  the  Division 
marched  through  Stafford  Court  House,  Dumfries,  Dralnesville,  Lees- 
burg,  Poolesville,  Point  of  Rocks,  Petersville,  Knoxville,  Frederick  and 
Littlestown,  reaching  Gettysburg  in  time  to  participate  in  and  share  the 
glorious  achievements  of  July  1st,  2d  and  3d.  In  these  brilliant  engage- 
ments the  Twenty-eighth  again  distinguished  itself  for  its  bravery  and 
intrepidity.  In  consequence  of  heavy  breast-works  thrown  up  by  order 
of  General  Geary,  its  loss  was  only  twenty-five  in  killed,  wounded  and 
missing.  Two  hundred  prisoners  and  four  thousand  small  arms  were 
captured  by  the  Second  Division.  The  regiment,  on  the  4th,  assisted  to 
bury  the  enemy's  dead  (twelve  hundred  of  whom  lay  in  front  of  General 
Geary's  lines),  and  gathered  up  five  hundred  of  his  muskets  before  its  own 
works. 

The  Twenty-eighth  left  the  breast-works  at  Gettysburg  on  July  5,  and 
marched  to  Littletown  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  enemy;  thence  on  the 
8th  marched  thirty  miles  to  Jefferson,  on  the  9th  to  Rohersville,  10th  to 
Hagerstown,  and  llth  to  Fair  Play.  Many  of  the  men  were  barefooted 
and  suffered  considerably  during  this  march  of  more  than  seventy-five 
miles.  On  the  13th  the  rebels  crossed  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  18th,  the 
march  being  continued,  the  division  encamped  near  Sandy  Hook,  where 
the  regiment  was  provided  with  shoes  and  clothing.  From  this  time  the 
Twenty-eighth  moved  with  its  division  southward  across  the  Potomac, 
along  the  Blue  Mountains,  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  forces  of  General 
Lee,  and  marched  thirty-five  miles  in  one  day  to  be  present  at  an  en- 
gagement with  Lee's  troops  at  Manassas  Gap.  Afterwards  it  proceeded, 
by  way  of  Catlett's  Station,  to  the  Rappahannbck  at  Kelly's  Ferry,  and 
was  engaged  in  guarding  the  line  of  that  river,  near  Ellis'  Ford,  during 
the  month  of  August. 

In  September  there  was  a  general  forward  movement  of  the  army  to  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  101 

Rapidan,  where  the  rebels  were  again  met.  The  regiment  remained  at 
Raccoon  Ford,  daily  skirmishing  until  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps 
were  detailed  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  ordered,  under  com- 
mand of  General  Hooker,  to  join  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  to  aid 
in  repairing  the  fearful  disaster  to  our  army  at  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga.  The  regiment  took  cars  at  Bealeton  Station  and  proceeded  via 
Washington  and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  the  Ohio  river  at 
Bellaire,  thence  through  Columbus,  Indianapolis,  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville, to  Murfreesboro',  where  it  was  engaged  in  a  fight  with  the  rebel 
cavalry  under  General  Wheeler,  in  which  he  was  repulsed  with  heavy 
loss,  and  the  railroad  to  Bridgeport  was  saved  from  destruction.  It  re- 
mained two  weeks  guarding  the  road  from  Murfreesboro'  to  Tullahoma. 

The  Second  Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  being  selected  by  General 
Hooker  for  his  advance  movements  towards  Chattanooga,  was  relieved 
from  guard  duty  by  the  First  Division,  and  proceeded  to  the  front  at 
Bridgeport,  Alabama.  On  the  arrival  of  the  Twenty-eighth,  October  27 
(it  having  been  detained  by  obstructions  thrown  by  rebels  upon  the 
track),  General  Geary,  with  the  advance,  had  crossed  the  Tennessee  river, 
and  was  one  day's  march  ahead. 

On  October  28th,  the  regiment  made  a  forced  march  of  twenty-eight 
miles  and  reached  Wauhatchie  on  the  morning  of  the  29th,  after  the 
battle  at  that  place  had  been  fought  and  won  by  a  portion  of  the  Second 
Division  not  numbering  over  fifteen  hundred  men,  against  a  division  of 
Longstreet's  Corps,  at  least  six  thousand  strong.  After  desperate  fight- 
ing against  such  frightful  odds  for  nearly  four  hours,  the  enemy  was  re- 
pulsed and  fled  in  confusion,  leaving  his  dead  and  many  wounded  on  the 
field.  One  hundred  and  twenty-five  prisoners  were  taken.  This  was 
a  highly  important  victory,  as  upon  it  depended  the  subsistence  of  the 
Union  army  then  at  Chattanooga.  Among  the  casualties  none  were 
more  lamented  or  cast  a  deeper  gloom  over  the  triumphant  forces,  than 
the  death  of  a  brave  young  officer,  a  youth  of  eighteen  years,  of  brightest 
promise  and  universally  beloved,  Captain  E.  R.  Geary,  of  Knap's  Battery, 
and  son  of  the  General,  who  fell,  whilst  sighting  his  gun,  pierced  by  a 
rifle-ball  through  his  forehead.  After  the  battle  Generals  Grant,  Hooker, 
Thomas,  Howard,  and  other  distinguished  officers,  rode  upon  the  field  to 
personally  congratulate  General  Geary  and  his  command  for  this  un- 
surpassed achievement,  and  subsequently  General  Slocum  wrote: — "I 
wish  you  and  your  command  to  know  that  I  feel  deeply  grateful  for  their 
gallant  conduct,  and  for  the  new  laurels  they  have  brought  to  our  corps." 
To  secure  the  advantages  gained,  it  was  necessary  to  fortify,  cover  and 
corduroy  the  road  from  Kelly's  Ford  to  Brown's  Ferry,  on  the  Tennessee. 
The  Twenty-eighth,  in  conjuction  with  detachments  of  other  regiments, 
labored  industriously  at  this  work  under  a  bombardment  of  the  enemy's 
artillery  on  Lookout  Mountain. 

On  the  19th  of  November,  Colonel  Ahl,  who  had  been  on  detached  duty 
for  some  time  at  Division  Headquarters,  returned  and  took  command  of 
the  regiment,  which  on  the  24th,  Joined  the  division  at  Lookout  Creek, 


102  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

near  Wauhatchie,  and  with  it  crossed  the  creek  about  three  miles  above 
the  point  of  Lookout  Mountain.  On  the  24th,  the  Second  Division  having 
been  selected  to  storm  the  rebel  stronghold  on  the  mountain,  a  line  of 
battle  was  formed  and  the  troops  moved  gallantly  forward  to  the  assault, 
which,  after  a  terrible  struggle,  was  entirely  successful.  Besides  heavy 
loss  in  killed  and  wounded  on  the  part  of  the  enemy,  one  thousand 
nine  hundred  and  forty  prisoners  were  captured,  together  with  nine 
battle  flags,  two  pieces  of  artillery,  forty  thousand  rations,  two  thou- 
sand stand  of  small  arms  and  camp  and  garrison  equipage  sufficient  for 
two  Divisions.  Among  his  killed  was  General  J.  H.  Lane.  This  was  the 
famous  "Battle  above  the  Clouds."  Firing  was  kept  up  all  night,  dur- 
ing which  the  enemy  fled  from  the  mountain,  and  when,  on  the  following 
morning,  the  smoke,  mist  and  clouds  arose  above  its  summit,  and  it  was 
gilded  by  the  rays  of  the  rising  sun,  the  stars  and  stripes  with  the 
beautiful  and  well  known  flag  of  the  White  Star  Division,  were  seen  float- 
ing in  the  breeze  from  the  beetling  cliff  of  Point  Lookout,  by  the  Union 
forces  at  Chattanooga,  they  simultaneously  sent  up  loud  and  repeated 
shouts  that  reverberated  over  the  hills  and  through  the  valleys  for 
miles  around.  General  Hooker  hastened  to  compliment  the  wearied 
troops  for  their  gallant  and  glorious  work. 

November  25,  the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  was  fought,  the  enemy 
defeated,  and  a  large  number  of  prisoners  and  three  battle  flags  were 
captured  by  the  Second  Division.  On  the  26th  the  enemy  was  pursued 
through  Ohickamauga  and  Pea  Vine  Valleys,  losing  many  prisoners,  with 
cannon  and  wagons;  and  on  the  27th  was  again  defeated  at  the  battle 
of  Ringgold,  where  the  Division  captured  three  battle  flags.  In  this 
latter  conflict  the  regiment  lost  seven  killed  and  twenty-seven  wounded. 
Among  the  latter  was  First  Lieutenant  Peter  Kahlor,  of  company  F, 
a  brave  and  gallant  soldier,  who  had  served  in  the  Mexican  War,  and 
whose  body  bore  marks  of  wounds  received  In  several  previous  battles. 
He  died  soon  after  the  fight,  mourned  by  all  his  comrades.  In  his  official 
report  of  these  recent  engagements,  General  Hooker,  says:— "It  has  never 
been  my  fortune  to  serve  with  more  zealous  and  devoted  troops."  On 
the  29th,  General  Grant,  declaring  that  he  wished  to  see  the  troops  that 
fought  the  battle  of  Lookout  Mountain,  reviewed  General  Geary's  Divi- 
sion in  Wauhatchie  Valley,  where  it  remained  several  days.  He  was  ac- 
companied by  the  members  of  his  staff,  and  all  the  Generals  of  the  com- 
bined Armies  of  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee.  No  troops  could  have 
been  more  highly  complimented  than  were  those  of  the  Second  Division  on 
this  occasion. 

The  campaign  ended,  the  Division  went  into  winter  quarters  at  Bridge- 
port. In  December  the  Twenty-eighth,  with  many  other  regiments,  re- 
enlisted  for  three  more  years,  and  soon  after  took  their  departure,  on 
veteran  furlough,  for  their  distant  homes.  Upon  the  expiration  of  this 
time  the  command  again  concentrated  at  Bridgeport,  whence  it  pro- 
ceeded on  that  long  and  toilsome  march  and  unparalleled  career  of  mill- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  103 

tary  brilliancy  which  terminated  only  with  the  overthrow  of  the  rebel 
army  and  annihilation  of  the  Southern  Confederacy. 

On  the  18th  of  March,  1864,  Colonel  Ahl  resigned  and  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service,  and  on  the  following  day  Lieutenant  Colonel  John  Flynn 
was  commissioned  Colonel.  In  April,  the  Twenty-eighth  formed  part  of 
an  excursion  down  the  Tennessee  river  in  the  steamboat  Chickamauga, 
of  which  General  Geary  took  charge  in  person,  his  force  consisting  of 
eight  hundred  men,  with  eight  pieces  of  artillery.  The  rebels  were  met 
at  Guntersville,  where  a  contest  took  place,  during  which  the  town  was 
partially  burned  and  finally  captured,  the  enemy  retreating  in  confusion. 
The  next  day  superior  numbers  were  encountered  and  defeated  near  Tri- 
ano,  and  after  destroying  forty-seven  scows  with  which  the  rebel  troops 
purposed  to  cross  the  river,  the  expedition  returned  to  camp  with  but 
few  and  trifling  casualties. 

On  the  4th  of  May,  the  Division  marched  twenty-two  miles,  the  weather 
hot  and  sultry,  through  Whiteside  and  Lookout  Valleys  and  over  Look- 
out Mountain,  encamping  in  Lookout  Valley.  On  the  5th,  the  march  was 
resumed  and  continued  to  the  8th,  when  it  reached  Mill  Creek  and  Snake 
Creek  gaps  at  the  foot  of  the  Chattanooga  Ridge.  Here  the  skirmishers 
came  upon  the  rebel  cavalry  pickets,  and  drove  them  from  the  moun- 
tain crest  by  the  Dalton  road.  The  enemy  was  in  sight  in  large  force 
and  strongly  fortified  on  Chattoogata,  otherwise  known  as  Rocky  Face 
Mountain.  He  was  immediately  attacked  and  the  battle  that  ensued  re- 
sulted in  the  capture  of  Snake  Creek  Gap,  a  formidable  mountain  barrier 
through  which  the  entire  Union  army  passed.  He  was  again  encountered 
on  the  15th,  strongly  fortified  on  the  Dalton  road,  near  Resaca,  and  after 
a  hard  day's  fight,  was  defeated,  though  his  numbers  and  advantages 
were  vastly  superior.  Four  pieces  of  artillery  were  captured  by  the  Di- 
vision. On  the  16th,  it  pressed  vigorously  forward  towards  Atlanta, 
marching  daily  until  the  25th,  when  Pumpkin  Vine  Creek  was  reached  just 
in  time  to  extinguish  the  burning  timbers  of  the  bridge  which  the  enemy 
had  fired.  The  bridge  was  immediately  repaired,  and  the  Twenty-eighth, 
being  deployed  as  skirmishers,  pushed  forward  on  the  double  quick, 
and  encountered  the  enemy  in  strong  force,  who  was  driven,  after  a  hard 
fight,  from  his  position  which  was  immediately  occupied  by  the  trium- 
phant troops.  On  the  same  day  an  action  commenced  at  New  Hope 
Church,  which  continued  for  seven  consecutive  days,  when  the  enemy 
was  completely  routed  with  heavy  loss.  During  all  this  time  the  troops 
were  under  fire  night  and  day,  without  an  hour's  relief.  The  contending 
lines  were  in  close  proximity,  which  fact,  together  with  the  uneven 
nature  of  the  ground,  demanded  incessant  watchfulness,  no  opportunity 
being  afforded  for  proper  shelter,  rest  or  subsistence. 

On  the  14th  of  June,  the  Division,  still  advancing,  participated  in  the 
fiercely  contested  battles  of  Pine  Knob,  Pine  Hill  and  Lost  Mountain,  at 
the  commencement  of  which  the  rebel  General  Polk  was  killed  by  a  shell 
from  one  of  the  guns  of  Knap's  Battery.  Constant  skirmishes  occurred 
through  the  following  day,  and  on  the  16th  the  battle  of  Muddy  Creek  was 


104  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

fought,  on  the  19th  that  of  Noses  Creek,  22d  Kolb's  Farm,  27th  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  July  3,  Marietta,  all  of  which  resulted  in  defeat  and  loss  to 
the  enemy.  In  the  interim  skirmishes  and  slight  battles  occurred  until 
the  close  of  the  month.  In  all  these  engagements  the  Twenty-eighth 
Regiment  bore  a  distinguished  part.  Still  pursuing,  our  troops  passed 
over  a  succession  of  works,  elaborate  and  strong,  consisting  of  breast- 
works, bastions,  rifle-pits,  abattis  and  palisades,  from  which  the  enemy 
was  driven,  and  on  the  5th  of  July,  came  in  sight  of  Atlanta,  to  the 
speedy  possession  of  which  the  troops  looked  forward  with  confidence. 

On  the  19th  of  July,  preparations  were  quietly  and  quickly  made  at 
Peach  Tree  Creek,  to  surprise  the  enemy  and  drive  him  from  a  prominent 
hill  on  the  opposite  side,  which  he  held  in  force,  being  well  protected  with 
rifle-pits  and  breast-works.  The  creek  was  bridged  and  crossed  by  the 
Second  Division,  which  threw  up  an  extended  Tete-de-Pont  and  rested 
for  the  night.  The  day  following,  the  furious  battle  of  Peach  Tree  Creek 
occurred,  commencing  with  a  fierce  charge  upon  the  front  of  the  Divi- 
sion, continuing  with  unusual  violence  for  several  hours,  and  ending 
with  the  enemy's  defeat.  In  this  brilliant  engagement  another  brave 
young  officer  fell — Captain  Thomas  H.  Elliott,  Adjutant  General  on  the 
staff  of  General  Geary.  He  entered  the  service  in  the  Twenty-eighth 
Regiment  as  First  Lieutenant  of  Company  H,  and  was  promoted  for 
meritorious  conduct.  He  was  a  young  man  of  fine  literary  attainments, 
a  great  favorite  with  his  fellow-soldiers,  fearless  and  courageous  even  to 
a  fault.  In  his  official  report  of  this  battle  General  Geary  says: — "The  ap- 
pearance of  the  enemy  as  they  charged  upon  our  front  across  the  cleared 
field  was  magnificent.  Rarely  has  such  a  sight  been  presented  in  battle. 
Pouring  out  from  the  woods  they  advanced  in  immense  gray  masses 
(not  lines),  with  flags  and  banners,  many  of  them  new  and  beautiful, 
while  the  General  and  Staff  officers  were  in  plain  view,  with  drawn 
sabres  flashing  in  the  light,  galloping  here  and  there  as  they  urged  their 
troops  on  to  the  charge.  The  rebel  troops  also  seemed  to  rush  forward 
with  more  than  customary  nerve  and  heartiness  to  the  attack.  This 
grand  charge  was  Hood's  inaugural,  and  his  army  came  upon  us  that 
day  full  of  high  hope,  confident  that  the  small  force  in  their  front  could 
not  withstand  them,  but  their  ardor  and  confidence  were  soon  shaken." 

From  this  period  until  the  25th  of  August,  when  an  engagement  at 
Pace's  Ferry  resulted  in  another  victory,  and  from  that  day  to  their 
victorious  entry  into  Atlanta,  the  troops  lay  before  that  town,  strength- 
ening their  defences,  extending  and  advancing  their  pickets,  receiving 
and  returning  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery,  and  punishing  him  severely 
in  numerous  battles  and  skirmishes.  On  September  2,  completely  ex- 
hausted and  thoroughly  beaten  and  disheartened,  the  enemy  sullenly 
evacuated  Atlanta,  and  the  conquering  forces  took  possession,  marching 
joyfully  in,  with  colors  flying,  to  the  inspiriting  strains  of  patriotic 
music,  the  White  Star  Division  having  the  advance.  A  brilliant  sum- 
mary of  the  "hundred  days'  fight"  of  this  eventful  campaign  is  given 
In  the  following  extract  from  General  Geary's  official  report:— "Thus 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  106 

gloriously  ended  the  campaign,  unequalled  for  brilliant  victories,  over 
seemingly  insurmountable  difficulties,  and  unsurpassed  in  history — a 
campaign  which  will  stand  forever  a  monument  of  the  valor,  endurance 
and  patriotism  of  the  American  soldier;  four  months  of  hard,  constant 
labor,  under  the  hot  sun  of  a  southern  summer,  scarce  a  day  of  which  was 
passed  out  of  the  sound,  of  the  crash  of  musketry  and  roar  of  artillery; 
two  hundred  miles  travelled  through  a  country,  in  every  mile  of  which 
nature  and  art  seemed  leagued  for  defence — mountains,  rivers,  lines  of 
works — a  campaign  in  which  every  march  was  a  fight,  in  which  battles 
followed  in  such  rapid  succession,  and  were  so  intimately  connected 
by  an  unremitting  series  of  skirmishes,  that  it  may  properly  be  regarded 
as  one  grand  battle,  which  crowned  with  grander  victory,  attests  the 
skill  and  patience  of  the  hero  who  matured  its  plans  and  directed  their 
execution." 

From  the  date  of  its  occupation  until  the  15th  of  November,  the  regi- 
ment remained  at  Atlanta,  performing  guard  and  fatigue  duty,  assisting 
to  make  reconnoissances,  and  taking  part  in  foraging  expeditions,  the 
latter,  not  only  feeding  the  garrison  of  Atlanta,  but  demonstrating  the 
important  fact  that  an  army  could  move  and  subsist  upon  the  resources 
of  the  country.  On  the  14th  of  November,  the  troops  under  General 
Iverson,  supposing  Atlanta  to  have  been  evacuated,  made  an  attack  upon 
the  Union  lines,  near  the  Whitehall  road  (where  the  Twenty-eighth  was 
stationed),  and  was  repulsed  with  severe  loss  in  killed,  and  wounded  and 
some  prisoners. 

November  15,  the  camp  was  broken  up  and  Sherman's  famous  "March 
to  the  Sea"  commenced.  This  bold  undertaking  was  of  such  stupendous 
magnitude,  and  encircled  with  so  many  and  such  tremendous  obstacles, 
as  to  astonish  the  entire  country  and  to  strike  terror  into  the  heart  of  the 
confederacy.  Many  regarded  it  as  an  act  of  madness,  whilst  few  dared 
contemplate  its  successful  termination.  Unincumbered  with  any  super- 
fluity of  tents,  baggage  or  provision  trains,  the  brave  and  well-tried 
army  marched  day  after  day,  scarcely  halting  for  needed  rest  and  nutri- 
ment, through  sunshine  and  storm,  heat  and  cold,  over  hills,  streams, 
swamps  and  morasses,  bivouacking  at  night  along  the  roads,  and  sub- 
sisting man  and  beast  from  the  lands  over  which  they  passed,  laying 
waste  plantations  of  notorious  rebel  leaders  and  destroying  immense 
depots  of  provisions  intended  for  Lee's  army,  cotton,  grain,  cotton  gins 
and  mills  and  other  rebel  property,  together  with  numerous  bridges  and 
many  miles  of  railroad.  Guerrilla  bands  and  detachments  of  rebel  cavalry 
that  hovered  about,  were  attacked  and  if  not  driven  off,  either  captured  or 
killed.  The  troops  pushed  forward  with  the  utmost  alacrity,  enjoying  the 
march  as  a  grand  triumphant  passage  through  an  enemy's  country,  rather 
than  a  severe  and  toilsome  journey,  full  of  privations,  dangers  and 
disasters.  Onward  they  pressed  regardless  of  labor,  and  in  defiance  of 
every  obstacle,  until,  on  the  10th  of  December,  they  approached  the 
outer  works  of  the  enemy  at  Savannah,  and  encamped  at  a  distance  of 
three  miles  from  the  city,  which  was  at  once  besieged.  During  the  sue- 


106  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

ceeding  ten  days  the  time  was  chiefly  occupied  in  throwing  up  breast- 
works and  erecting  fortifications,  the  troops  being  under  fire  from  the 
enemy's  batteries  and  a  number  of  gun  boats  stationed  in  the  river. 
Shot  and  shell  were  poured  in  upon  them  from  sixty-four  and  thirty- 
pounder  siege  guns  and  many  pieces  of  light  artillery.  Still  the  work 
progressed  steadily,  the  men  laboring  earnestly  and  with  cheerfulness. 

On  the  night  of  the  20th,  General  Geary  discovered  that  the  enemy  was 
evacuating  Savannah,  and  at  one  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  21st,  he 
pushed  forward  to  intercept  the  retiring  forces  and  take  possession  of 
the  town.  Just  outside  of  the  city  limits,  he  was  met  at  two  o'clock,  by 
the  Mayor  and  a  delegation  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  bearing  a  flag  of 
truce,  who  formally  surrendered  to  him  the  place,  presenting  him  with 
the  following  document: 

"Savannah,    December  21,   1864. 
To  General  John  W.  Geary, 

Commanding  U.  S.  Military  Forces  near  Savannah: 
Sir:— The  city  of   Savannah   is  being   evacuated  by   the   Confederate 
military  and  is  now  entirely  defenceless. 

As  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  city,  I  respectfully  request  your  protection 
of  the  lives  and  private  property  of  the  citizens,  and  of  our  women  and 
children. 

Trusting  that  this  appeal  to  your  generosity  and  humanity  may  favor- 
ably influence  your  action, 

I  have  the  honor  to  be  your  obedient  servant, 

R.    D.    ARNOLD, 
Mayor  of  Savannah." 

General  Geary  accordingly  entered  the  city  with  his  command,  and 
just  as  the  sun  first  gilded  the  morning  clouds,  the  national  colors,  side 
by  side  with  the  White  Star  standard,  were  unfurled  from  the  dome  of  the 
Exchange,  and  over  the  United  States  Custom  House.  The  part  assigned 
the  Twenty-eighth,  was  the  capture  and  occupancy  of  Fort  Jackson. 
In  the  afternoon,  other  troops  began  to  enter  the  town.  Immense  piles 
of  ectton  and  other  property,  as  well  as  several  gun-boats  in  the  river, 
had  been  set  on  fire  by  the  retreating  rebels,  to  the  extinguishment  of 
which  the  troops  early  and  industriously  applied  themselves.  Millions 
of  dollars  worth  of  property  and  seven  vessels  were  saved  to  the  Govern- 
ment, by  their  persevering  exertions,  pursued  whilst  under  continued 
.  fire  from  the  rebel  gun-boat  Savannah,  which  was  subsequently  driven 
ashore  and  blown  up.  In  consideration  of  the  services  of  his  division  on 
this  occasion,  General  Geary  was  appointed  Military  Governor  of  Savan- 
nah. 

Being  relieved  by  General  Grover's  Division,  General  Geary,  on  the 
19th  of  January,  1865,  received  orders  to  Join,  with  his  command,  the  other 
divisions  of  Sherman's  army,  which  had  crossed  the  Savannah  river  and 
advanced  to  Perrysburg;  but  in  consequence  of  a  severe  storm  which 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  107 

overflowed  the  country,  and  rendered  the  roads  impassable,  he  was  de- 
tained in  Savannah  until  the  27th,  when,  leaving  the  city  at  eight  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  by  the  Augusta  turn  pike,  he  started  upon  the  "war  path 
through  the  Carolinas." 

Innumerable  obstacles,  both  natural  and  artificial,  were  hourly  en- 
countered and  overcome.  Streams  and  swamps  were  waded  or  bridged, 
and  miles  of  indescribably  bad  roads  corduroyed,  before  the  troops  could 
pass,  whilst  at  every  available  point  they  were  annoyed  by  the  desultory 
firing  and  obstructions  thrown  in  the  way  by  squads  of  the  enraged  and 
now  desperate  enemy.  Frequent  skirmishes  occurred.  Severe  ones  took 
place  at  the  crossings  of  the  North  and  South  Edisto,  and  at  Congaree 
and  Black  rivers,  at  all  of  which  places  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment  was 
among  the  first  to  cross.  At  North  Edisto,  Colonel  Flynn  and  several  of 
his  men  were  wounded.  General  Geary  in  his  official  report  says: — "This 
campaign,  although  in  its  general  features  of  the  same  nature  as  that 
from  Atlanta  to  Savannah,  was  one  of  much  greater  labor,  and  tested 
most  thoroughly  the  power  of  endurance  and  eJasticity  of  spirits  among 
American  soldiers.  The  distance  marched  was  much  farther,  through 
regions  presenting  greater  natural  obstacles,  and  where  a  vindictive 
enemy  might  naturally  be  expected  in  force  sufficient  to  harass  our  troops 
and  interfere  frequently  with  our  trains.  The  season  was  one  of  unusual 
inclemency,  during  which  the  roads  were  in  the  worst  condition.  Yet  my 
command  marched  from  Savannah  to  Goldsboro,  without  very  serious 
opposition  and  without  a  single  attack  upon  the  trains  under  my  charge. 
The  spirit  of  my  troops  throughout  was  confident  and  buoyant,  expres- 
sive of  that  implicit  trust  in  the  Commander-in-Chief  and  belief  in  them- 
selves, which  are  always  the  presages  of  military  success.  It  was  their 
common  experience  to  march  at  dawn  or  earlier,  corduroy  miles  of  road, 
exposed  to  drenching  rains,  or  standing  waist  deep  often  in  swamps,  lift- 
ing wagons  out  of  mire  and  quicksand,  where  mules  could  not  obtain  a 
foot-hold;  and  when  the  day's  work  was  through,  encamp  late  at  night, 
only  to  repeat  the  process  with  the  next  day.  Through  this  all  they 
evinced  a  determination  and  cheerfulness  which  has  added  greatly  to  my 
former  high  appreciation  of  the  same  qualities  shown  by  them  upon  so 
many  battlefields  of  the  past  four  years." 

Upon  reaching  Raleigh,  negotiations  were  entered  into  between  Gen- 
erals Sherman  and  Johnson,  which  resulted,  on  the  26th  of  April,  in  the 
surrender  of  the  latter  with  his  army.  General  Lee  had  already  sur- 
rendered to  General  Grant,  and  soon  after,  Generals  Kipby  Smith  and 
Dick  Taylor  laid  down  their  arms,  and  the  rebellion  was  crushed.  Peace 
soon  followed,  and  the  troops  of  the  Twentieth  Corps,  to  which  General 
Geary's  Division  was  then  attached,  were  marched  to  Washington  by 
way  of  Richmond,  and  disbanded. 

During  the  four  years'  service  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  its 
casualties  were  about  equal  to  the  number  of  its  original  muster;  and, 
although  in  its  organized  condition  it  served  in  twelve  different  States  of 
the  Union,  and  was  engaged  in  as  many  skirmishes  and  battles  as  any 

8 


108  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

regiment  In  the  United  States  Army,  it  never  lost  a  single  wagon  or 
ambulance  or  any  other  description  of  property,  by  allowing  it  to  fall 
into  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  The  officers  were  frequently  changed  in 
consequence  of  deaths,  resignations  and  promotions,  the  regiment  having 
had  four  Colonels,  four  Lieutenant  Colonels  and  nine  Majors.  It  also 
produced  one  Major  General  and  three  Brigadiers,  viz: — Hector  Tyndale, 
Ario  Pardee,  Jr.,  and  John  Flynn. 

The  members  of  the  regiment  who  remained  at  the  close  of  the  war  were 
mustered  out  of  the  service  on  the  18th  of  July,  1865,  and  were  heartily 
welcomed  home,  their  privations,  sufferings,  labors  and  gallant  services 
having  endeared  them  in  the  warmest  affections  of  the  highly  gratified 
and  truly  grateful  loyal  people  of  the  country.  Their  soiled,  torn  and 
tattered  flags,  carried  triumphantly  through  so  many  bloody  battlefields, 
attesting  the  unfailing  courage  of  the  men  who  bore  them,  have  received 
a  hallowed  place  in  the  archives  of  the  Commonwealth,  whilst  the  brave 
and  noble  soldiers  who  fought  beneath  and  around  them,  have  returned 
to  the  peaceful  pursuits  of  life  and  the  enjoyment  of  the  multiform  bless- 
ings their  struggles  and  triumphs  have  secured  to  their  country  and  the 
world. 


DEDICATION  OF  TABLET 

29TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

PALISADES,  LOOKOUT  MOUNTAIN,  TENN.,  NOVEMBER  ISTH,  1897. 

PRAYER  BY  BREV.  LT.-COL,  JESSE  R.  MILLISON. 

ALMIGHTY  and  most  merciful  God,  who  has  declared  that  not  even  a 
sparrow  falls  to  the  earth  without  Thy  notice,  with  reverence  we 
would  come  into  Thy  presence  and  thank  Thee  that  Thou  hast  in- 
spired men  with  the  genious  and  skill  to  form  and  bring  into  existence 
this  republican  form  of  government,  with  its  institutions  of  religious  and 
political  liberty,  where  all  men  may  serve  Thee  according  to  the  dictates 
of  their  own  conscience  without  restraint,  none  daring  to  molest  or  make 
afraid.  The  seeds  sown  by  our  fathers  and  baptized  by  their  blood  have 
grown  to  be  a  forest  of  great  trees,  penetrating  deep  into  the  hearts  of 
their  loyal  decendents,  commanding  the  admiration  of  the  world  and  the 
respect  of  all  nations. 

We  thank  Thee  that  Thou  hast  given  us  a  place  in  this  blest  land  we 
have  helped  to  save.  We  pray  Thee  to  continue  to  perpetuate  our  free  in- 
stitutions through  all  time,  discourage  defeat  and  crush  out  every  effort 
to  destroy  one  star  thai  adorns  the  proud  emblem  of  our  national  govern- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  109 

ment,  that  has  grown  from  thirteen  to  forty-five  states.  May  there  be  yet 
another  added,  and  deliver  the  struggling  liberty-loving  heroes  of  Cuba 
from  the  tyranny  of  their  oppressive  masters  and  add  to  the  banner  an- 
other star  that  shall  bring  luster  to  the  already  brilliant  galaxy,  that  so 
proudly  floats  over  this  land  of  the  free  and  home  of  the  brave. 

A  few  are  assembled  here  to-day  who  thirty-four  years  ago  climbed 
these  heights  and  around  this  mountain  in  battle  and  were  arrayed 
against  the  enemy  of  our  common  country.  Many  then  in  the  strength 
and  vigor  of  young  manhood,  who  cast  aside  their  civil  pursuits,  the 
•work  bench,  the  machine  shop,  the  counting  house,  the  agricultural  im- 
plements, left  their  homes  to  assume  the  duty  of  soldiers  for  the  defense 
of  their  country's  honor. 

Many  were  killed  and  have  gone  to  their  reward.  Many  were  wounded 
near  this  place,  but  a  few  are  assembled  here  to-day  to  review  the  scene 
and  take  part  in  this  ceremony. 

God  bless  these  patriots  who  so  gallantly  risked  their  lives  to  defend 
the  honor  of  their  country  and  the  dear  old  flag,  and  our  institutions 
they  so  much  loved.  May  their  names  and  their  fame  go  down  through 
the  ages  to  the  coming  generations  as  examples  worthy  of  imitation. 
We  pray  Thee  to  bless  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  his  consti- 
tutional advisors,  that  they  may  wisely  rule  and  perpetuate  and  hand 
down  to  posterity  the  blessed  heritage  of  our  institutions  and  may  right- 
eousness cover  the  earth  as  the  waters  the  great  deep.  And  now  unto 
the  King  eternal,  immortal,  invisible,  the  only  wise  God,  we  ascribe  ever- 
lasting praise.  Amen. 


ADDRESS  OF  CORPORAL  WALLACE  M.  HOFFNER. 

COMRADES: — The  old  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  in  recogniz- 
ing the  hundreds  of  organizations  sent  out  from  within  her  borders 
to  uphold  the  flag  and  maintain  th^  unity  of  our  national  govern- 
ment, remembered,  among  those  who  fought  on  this  field,  the  old  Twenty- 
ninth  Regiment  of  Infantry. 

Having  fought  over  the  level  plains  of  Virginia  and  defended  our  own 
firesides  at  Gettysburg,  we  willingly  obeyed  the  orders  that  brought  us 
to  this  field  of  operations,  and  on  these  heights,  "above  the  clouds,"  thirty- 
four  years  ago,  from  our  camp  on  the  Raccoon  Mountain,  across  the 
valley,  we  often  discussed  the  practicability  of  capturing  the  position  of 
the  enemy  on  this1  mountain,  and  we  decided  it  to  be  impossible. 

When  we  came  to  make  the  attempt,  however,  we  found  it  to  be  one 
of  the  easiest  jobs  we  had  ever  been  called  upon  to  undertake. 

The  orator  of  the  day,  Colonel  Rickards,  will  now  tell  you  how  the 
thing  was  done. 


110  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


ADDRESS  OF  COLONEL  WILLIAM  RICKARDS. 

T  ADIBS,  Fellow  Citizens  and  Comrades:  In  looking  back  over 
the  past  thirty-four  years  of  our  country's  history  this  meeting 
-*— ^  recalls  the  words  of  a  great  poet  who  said,  "There  is  a  Divinity 
that  shapes  our  ends  rough  hew  them  how  we  will."  Thirty-four  years 
ago  these  hills  and  valleys  were  the  witnesses  of  terrible  conflicts  in  which 
thousands  of  men  laid  down  their  lives  in  the  effort  to  maintain  what 
they  considered  a  principle  of  right. 

Four  years  of  horrible  war,  involving  a  sacrifice  of  life  and  expenditure 
of  means  and  effort  never  witnessed  in  the  history  of  the  world,  represents 
the  hewing  to  define  the  right  principle,  and  settle  the  question:  Shall  we 
live  as  a  nation  with  one  country  and  one  flag  or  shall  we  divide  and  form 
two  nations  with  antagonistic  principles  and  undefined  boundary? 

We  had  tried  argument  and  compromise;  having  failed  in  these,  we  re- 
sorted to  the  force  of  arms  to  maintain  the  right  as  we  believed  it;  and 
although  the  hewing  was  rough  this  meeting  to-day  of  the  men  engaged 
in  the  hewing  and  of  those  who  opposed  them  proves  that  the  end  has 
been  shaped  by  a  divine  order. 

Those  who  were  enemies  to  the  death  now  meet  as  friends  on  this  hal- 
lowed ground,  claiming  allegiance  to  one  country  and  one  flag. 

We  acknowledge  the  courage  and  heroism  of  those  with  whom  we  con- 
tended and  admit  that  the  hewing  was  hard  work;  but  the  end  shaped 
gives  promise  of  a  bright  future. 

The  advancement  in  every  branch  of  business  in  the  southern  states, 
with  the  prosperity  and  wealth  incident  thereto,  gives  encouragement 
that  the  memory  of  the  past  struggle  will  be  a  blessing  to  posterity. 

That  this  memory  may  be  preserved,  the  national  government  has  ar- 
ranged to  dedicate  in  localities  of  great  interest  the  ground  fought  over  as 
national  parks;  and  have  them  so  marked  as  to  exhibit  to  posterity  the 
heroism  of  our  ancestors,  and  each  state  has  also  marked  the  localities 
in  which  her  troops  were  engaged. 

We  are  here  to-day  as  citizens  of  Pennsylvania  to  dedicate  the  monu- 
ments placed  to  mark  the  localities  of  Pennsylvania  troops  in  which  our 
actions  were  most  Important  or  conspicuous. 

We  have  the  honor  to  represent,  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteer  Infantry,  which  was  organized  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in 
June,  1861,  and  during  the  balance  of  that  year  held  various  positions  on 
the  Potomac  In  Maryland. 

On  February  21,  1862,  it  crossed  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry  into 
Virginia  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  Shenandoah  campaign. 

In  the  battles  of  Front  Royal  and  Winchester  we  were  defeated  and  lost 
nearly  two  hundred  by  capture,  the  colonel,  J.  K.  Murphy,  and  your 
speaker,  captain  of  company  I,  among  the  number. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  Ill 

We  were  imprisoned  at  Salisbury,  N.  C.,  Belle  Island  and  Libby  Prisons, 
Va.,  and  exchanged  September  3,  1862. 

On  September  4,  1862,  I  was  promoted  lieutenant  colonel  and  soon  after 
took  command  of  regiment  attached  to  Third  Brigade,  First  Division, 
Twelfth  Corps. 

On  May  1,  1863,  Colonel  Murphy  having  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health, 
I  was  promoted  colonel. 

I  commanded  the  regiment  in  the  battles  of  Chancellorsville  and  Get- 
tysburg, in  both  of  which  it  took  an  active  part. 

The  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps,  having  been  detached  from  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  and  under  command  of  General  Joe  Hooker,  were  ordered 
to  report  at  Chattanooga.  The  Twenty-ninth  took  the  train  at  Bealeton 
Station,  Va.,  on  September  28,  1863,  arrived  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  October  4, 
arrived  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  October  5,  at  6  P.  M.,  and  was  ordered  by 
General  Slocum  to  go  to  Murfreesboro;  arrived  at  10  P.  M.,  and  reported 
to  General  Ward  commanding  who  ordered  me  to  take  command  of  all 
troops  of  Twelfth  Corps  in  Murfreesboro.  On  evening  of  6th  I  turned 
over  command  to  Colonel  Geo.  Cobham,  who  was  my  superior. 

On  10th  marched  to  Fosterville  and  built  a  fort.  October  21,  left  Foster- 
ville  in  train;  arrived  at  Stephenson,  Ala.,  on  the  23d;  on  the  26th  took  up 
line  of  march  for  Bridgeport;  arrived  in  the  evening,  October  27;  supplied 
each  man  with  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition;  crossed  Tennessee  River  on 
pontoon  bridge;  arrived  at  Shellmound  at  2  P.  M.,  October  28;  heavy  rain 
in  morning,  clearing  at  noon.  Our  route  was  through  mountain  passes 
and  along  the  banks  of  the  Tennessee  River  and  through  Whiteside 
and  brought  us  to  Lookout  Valley  about  three  miles  from  Wauhatchie 
Junction  on  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad.  About  half  a 
mile  beyond  the  junction  we  halted  at  the  Kelly's  Ferry  road  in  full  sight 
of  the  height  of  Lookout  Mountain  on  which  a  signal  flag  could  be  seen 
announcing  to  the  rebel  headquarters  our  approach. 

Regiments  of  our  division  had  been  left  at  various  passes  and  stations 
on  the  route  and  our  force  was  much  reduced. 

The  troops  under  command  of  General  Geary  with  us  consisting  of  the 

Twenty-ninth   Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,    383 

One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,      125 
One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  In- 
fantry        375 

Seventy-eighth  New  York  Volunteer  Infantry 150 

One  hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New  York  Volunteer  In- 
fantry       380 

One  hundred  and  forty-ninth  New  York  Volunteer  In- 
fantry       200 

Four  pieces  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery. 


1,613 
Having  halted  at  the  Kelly's  Ferry  road  the  troops  were  ordered  io 


112  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

bivouac,  in  plain  view  of  the  Confederates  on  the  mountain  who  could 
ccunt  every  man  we  had. 

General  Geary  sent  for  me  and,  remarking  it  was  not  my  turn,  said  he 
wished  I  would  take  the  picket  as  we  were  in  close  proximity  to  the 
enemy  and  it  would  require  extra  caution. 

The  remark  was  complimentary  to  myself  and  my  regiment.  Of  course 
I  consented  and  accepted  with  thanks  for  the  compliment  and  proceeded 
to  post  the  regiment  to  the  best  advantage. 

I  thought  from  the  appearance  there  was  a  crossing  where  the  railroad 
crossed,  and  that  would  probably  be  the  place  where  troops  would  cross 
to  attack  us;  but  the  general  said  the  Eleventh  Corps  had  passed  there 
and  would  no  doubt  look  out  for  that  crossing. 

He  thought  back  at  the  junction  would  be  the  important  point  as  troops 
could  be  concealed  up  the  valley  and  besides  he  had  information  there 
was  no  bridge  at  the  railroad  crossing. 

I  therefore  placed  three  companies  at  the  junction,  two  at  or  near  the 
creek  on  the  railroad,  and  gave  Captain  Millison  extra  caution  and  di- 
rected him  to  deploy  his  reserve  as  skirmishers  at  the  first  alarm. 

Two  companies  were  posted  on  the  Kelly's  Ferry  road,  two  on  the  creek 
between  our  camp  and  the  mountain  and  one  at  the  base  of  Raccoon 
Mountain. 

I  went  to  a  small  house  below  the  railroad  and  on  pretense  of  getting 
some  bread  had  a  conversation  in  which  I  learned  there  was  a  bridge 
over  the  creek  and  that  Confederate  troops  had  been  over  it  that  after- 
noon. 

I  then  went  to  the  house  where  General  Geary  said  he  had  obtained  his 
information,  took  the  man  to  the  general's  quarters  and  learned  from 
him  that  he  had  not  been  explicit  but  that  there  was  a  bridge  over  the 
creek. 

Hastening  to  the  picket,  I  moved  them  farther  out  at  least  three  quar- 
ters of  a  mile  from  camp,  repeating  my  former  caution  and  direction.  I 
started  on  my  rounds  and  had  reached  the  picket  at  the  junction  when  I 
heard  firing  in  direction  of  the  bridge. 

Riding  rapidly  toward  the  firing  I  saw  a  line  of  men  moving  from  the 
creek.  Captain  Millison  had  deployed  his  reserves  and  was  doing  his  best 
to  hold  them. 

I  rode  quickly  to  camp  to  report.  Generals  Geary  and  Greene  were  in 
the  field  and  part  of  our  force  were  in  line  facing  the  railroad  bank.  I  re- 
ported to  the  general  that  the  enemy  had  crossed  the  railroad  and  were 
coming  on  our  left  and  rear. 

There  was  a  delay  in  giving  orders  to  change  front  and,  finding  It  neces- 
sary, I  gave  the  order  to  change  front  to  rear  on  right  company.  It  was 
well  and  quickly  executed  and  just  in  time  for  the  enemy,  driving  the 
Twenty-ninth  pickets,  came  to  the  edge  of  the  wood  and  opened  fire.  Gen- 
eral Greene  was  wounded  in  the  face  and  the  horses  becoming  unman- 
ageable from  the  fire  in  the  dark  started  for  the  rear.  Mine  also  wanted 
to  go  and,  not  being  able  to  control  it,  I  dismounted  and,  giving  it  a  cut, 
sent  it  with  the  others  and  I  took  command  of  the  field.  Our  line,  as  then 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  113 

formed,  was  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  on  the  right,  rest- 
ing on  the  railroad;  on  their  left  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  and  the  One 
hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New  York  on  left.  The  two  companies  of 
the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  I  posted  on  the  railroad  on  right  and 
rear  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania,  and  the  One  hun- 
dred and  forty-ninth  New  York  on  their  right.  Knap's  Battery  was 
posted  in  rear  of  the  infantry  on  rising  ground  and  fired  over  the  heads 
of  the  line  in  front. 

The  Confederate  line  overlapped  ours  and  swung  around  on  our  flanks. 
The  battery  was  firing  with  short  fuses  and  some  shells  bursted  in  our 
line.  They  were  from  the  piece  fired  by  Lieutenant  Geary.  I  went  to  him 
and  he  cut  a  longer  fuse,  asking  how  that  was.  I  told  him  it  was  right 
and  he  put  in  another  and  gave  the  command  to  fire  when  he  was  struck 
in  the  forehead  with  a  ball.  I  caught  him  on  my  arm  but  he  never 
spoke  again. 

The  enemy  had  now  got  a  position  on  the  railroad  bank  on  our  right, 
and  were  enfilading  our  line.  Major  Reynolds,  chief  of  artillery,  Twelfth 
Corps,  was  with  us  and  I  asked  him  to  have  the  piece  taken  outside 
of  the  railroad  but  he  objected,  saying  they  would  take  it.  I  said  if  it 
was  not  done  they  would  take  us.  Then  he  said  there  were  no  horses.  I 
told  him  I  would  take  the  responsibility  and  furnish  the  force  to  move  the 
piece,  and  calling  Captain  Millison  to  bring  up  his  men  we  moved  the 
piece  back  and  over  the  railroad,  and  with  two  artillerists  with  that  piece, 
who  were  not  wounded,  to  help  load  and  fire,  we  soon  got  the  range  and 
drove  the  Confederates  from  the  bank  and  field  and  ended  the  fight. 

The  result  was  a  decisive  victory  for  the  Union  troops,  though  gained 
at  considerable  loss.  We  buried  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  Confederates 
and  had  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  prisoners,  with  a  loss  on  our  side  of 
ninety  men  and  officers  killed  and  wounded. 

We  encamped  on  the  spur  of  Raccoon  Mountain,  from  which  we  could 
look  at  the  face  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  over  the  valley. 

Wishing  to  get  a  better  view  of  the  position  on  November  8,  I  went  with 
Doctor  Bender  to  the  summit  of  Raccoon  Mountain  from  which  I  had  a 
good  view  of  Lookout  and  the  valley.  The  Confederates  had  a  line  of 
works  on  the  slope  above  the  crossing  of  the  creek  at  the  railroad  and 
wagon  road,  and  were  at  work  strengthening  their  position.  I  drew  a 
map  in  my  diary  which  I  completed  on  close  observation.  I  conceived 
the  thought  that  the  mountain  could  be  taken  by  a  flank  movement, 
from  a  crossing  at  the  mill  dam  on  Lookout  Creek  about  two  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  mouth  and  moving  along  the  slope  near  the  palisade,  whilst 
an  attack  was  made  at  the  railroad  crossing.  Those  who  crossed  above 
would  strike  their  works  on  the  flank  and  some  would  be  above  and  pass 
around  their  flank. 

On  the  13th,  as  officer  of  the  day,  I  stopped  at  General  Hooker's  quar- 
ters. The  general  invited  me  to  eat  some  pickled  oysters.  The  general 
was  looking  at  the  Confederates  working  on  the  mountain.  He  said, 
"Colonel,  that  mountain  ought  to  be  in  our  possession  and  could  be  with 
8 


114  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

the  troops  I  have  here  in  twenty-four  hours.  I  would  move  a  force  over 
the  creek  and  drive  them  from  their  works." 

This  gave  me  a  chance  to  give  my  views.  I  said  that  a  movement  as 
he  proposed  would  be  attended  with  great  loss.  I  then  showed  him  my 
map  and  described  the  crossing  by  the  mill  dam,  while  the  feint  could 
be  made  at  the  railroad  crossing.  He  took  the  suggestion  seriously,  made 
some  notes  from  the  map,  but  said  no  more. 

On  November  24,  at  one  o'clock  A.  M,  I  received  orders  to  call  in  my 
pickets  and  report  at  division  headquarters  with  my  regiment,  with  one 
day's  rations  and  in  light  marching  order,  at  four  o'clock  A.  M.  We  were 
there  on  time.  I  met  General  Geary  coming  out,  when  he  informed  me 
we  were  going  to  assault  Lookout  Mountain. 

I  said,  "I  have  a  favor  to  ask."  "What  is  it,"  was  asked?  I  said,  "it  is 
to  give  me  the  right  in  the  movement."  He  said,  "General  Hooker  has 
directed  that  you  have  the  right." 

We  went  to  the  mill,  as  I  had  suggested  to  General  Hooker,  and  our 
regimental  pioneers,  with  those  of  the  brigade,  built  a  bridge  on  the 
breast  of  the  dam  and  at  eight  o'clock  A.  M.,  of  November  24,  1863,  the 
Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  moved  over  Lookout  Creek  and 
led  the  way  to  the  palisade  which  surmounts  the  slope,  followed  by  the 
One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania,  being  the  only  regiment  of  the 
Second  Brigade  present,  next  the  Third  Brigade,  and  on  the  left  the 
First  Brigade. 

Having  reached  the  palisades,  the  line  fronted,  I  put  out  companies  C 
and  E,  Captains  Millison  and  Sorber  as  skirmishers.  Our  line  swept  the 
sjope  from  the  palisades  to  Lookout  Creek. 

General  Whitaker's  Brigade  of  Fourth  Corps  was  a  reserve  and  followed 
at  a  distance  of  three  or  four  hundred  yards.  We  moved  steadily  on, 
meeting  lines  of  skirmishers  which  we  drove  or  captured,  and  often  heavy 
defensive  lines  of  the  enemy  which  we  invariably  charged  on,  capturing 
or  driving  them. 

Near  a  large  rock  or  offset  in  the  palisade  the  skirmishers  informed 
me  a  body  of  rebels  were  waiting  to  charge  on  my  right  flank.  I  changed 
front  to  rear  on  loft  company  and  charged  on  them.  They  fired  one  vol- 
ley which  we  returned  with  interest  when  finding,  instead  of  striking 
and  disorganizing  a  flank,  they  had  met  a  full  front  attack  they  threw 
down  their  arms  and  surrendered. 

I  sent  them  to  the  rear  with  Sergeant  Moore,  company  E,  and  four 
men  who  brought  me  a  receipt  from  Lieutenant  Jessup,  Fifth  Ohio,  for 
three  hundred  and  five  men,  a  colonel  and  major.  Changing  front,  for- 
ward again  we  swept,  on  through  abattis  and  rocks,  to  the  point  of  the 
mountain,  where  at  noon  the  flag  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers  was  planted  against  the  palisade  in  advance  of  all 
other  troops,  at  the  highest  point  accessible  except  by  some  route  then 
unknown. 

We  were  now  on  the  flank  and  rear  of  the  enemy's  works  and  above 
them.  Troops  on  our  left  struck  them  in  front,  but,  finding  themselves 
outflanked,  they  did  not  hold  them  long  but  broke  to  the  rear  to  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  115 

Craven  House  where  they  made  a  short  stand.  This  was  at  12  M.  Their 
lines  having  been  broken,  Osterhaus  and  Wood  could  cross  the  creek  and 
move  up  on  their  right  flank  and  Geary's  men  on  their  front  drove  them 
back  to  the  rocks  near  the  Summertown  road. 

The  Second  Brigade  was  ordered  to  move  close  to  the  palisade  on  the 
east  side.  The  slope  was  too  steep  to  move  on  in  line  and  we  faced  to 
the  right,  the  Twenty-ninth  leading,  moved  by  the  flank  on  a  narrow 
path  close  to  the  wall  of  rock,  the  path  admitting  not  more  than  two  men 
abreast,  a  distance  of  five  hundred  yards,  and  were  on  the  left  flank  of  the 
enemy's  line  which  was  some  two  or  three  hundred  yards  below  us.  An 
order  came  to  halt  as  we  were  far  beyond  our  line.  We  captured  four 
prisoners,  skirmishers,  and  were  closing  up  to  arrange  to  open  fire  on 
the  enemy  below,  when  the  heavy  cloud  came  on  the  mountain  and  we 
could  not  see  a  man  thirty  paces  from  us. 

Where  we  halted  there  was  a  ridge  on  which  I  could  form  three  com- 
panies and  we  dug  steps  and  piled  rocks  making  a  defence  against  any 
movement  of  the  enemy  from  the  Summertown  road,  which  I  felt  certain 
we  were  near. 

The  other  companies  rested  with  their  backs  against  the  palisade.  A 
body  of  troops  of  the  enemy  advanced  on  our  right  and  held  a  position 
behind  a  ridge  and  kept  us  engaged  in  holding  them  back.  There  was 
considerable  firing  between  the  two  sides  far  below  us,  but  the  enemy 
were  only  endeavoring  to  hold  the  position  until  they  could  move  their 
material  from  the  top  of  the  mountain. 

If  it  had  been  possible  to  see  ahead  we  could  have  moved  on  and 
captured  all  that  was  above  the  palisade.  We  lay  in  this  position  until 
10  o'clock  P.  M.,  when,  supposing  we  were  tired  out,  other  troops  were 
sent  to  relieve  us  and  we  were  ordered  to  move  back  to  the  west  side  of 
the  mountain. 

The  palisade  mentioned  is  a  solid  wall  of  rock  surmounting  the  slope 
for  many  miles.  The  only  ascent  as  a  road  is  on  the  east  side,  called  the 
Summertown  road.  The  wall  is  from  sixty  to  one  hundred  feet  high. 

In  looking  over  the  re-port  of  the  officer  commanding  the  reserve  follow- 
ing in  our  rear  at  a  distance  of  three  or  four  hundred  yards,  I  find  it  nec- 
essary to  repeat  most  emphatically  a  portion  of  my  statements. 

During  the  movement  on  the  mountain  from  the  beginning  to  the  end 
of  the  battle  the  right  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Regiment  moved 
as  close  to  the  palisade  as  it  was  possible  for  men  to  move,  and  not  a  man 
passed  between  us  and  the  wall  of  rock.  No  rebels  were  left  behind  the 
first  line  for  the  reserve  to  fight,  and  not  a  man  of  our  troops  at  any  time 
was  on  the  right  or  in  the  front  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteer Regiment.  At  noon,  that  is  12  o'clock  M.,  the  flag  of  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Pennsylvania  was  close  to  the  wall  of  rock  where  our  tablet  is 
placed.  In  passing  around  on  the  east  side  of  the  mountain  we  were  close 
against  the  palisade  and  in  advance  of  all  other  troops;  which  position 
we  held  until  10  o'clock  P.  M.,  when  we  were  ordered  to  move  back. 


116  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Firing  had  ceased  and  the  Confederates  had  been  moving  down  the 
Summertown  road  to  leave  the  mountain. 

The  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  held  the  extreme  right  and  the  highest 
position  gained  on  the  day  of  the  battle.  I  objected  to  moving  back  from 
the  position  we  had  obtained  as  I  was  satisfied  that  the  enemy  were  only 
holding  on  until  they  could  get  off  the  top  of  the  mountain  and  that  as 
soon  as  that  was  done  Lookout  Mountain  was  in  our  possession.  But  it 
would  have  been  an  act  of  insubordination  to  refuse  to  obey  the  order. 

At  day  break  on  the  morning  of  the  25th  some  of  my  men  who  had  been 
looking  around  came  to  me  and  said  they  had  found  a  ladder  in  a  nook  or 
crevice  of  the  palisade  which  led  to  the  top.  I  immediately  went  with 
them  and  went  up  the  ladder.  It  was  in  two  parts,  the  first  led  to  a 
ledge  from  which  another  led  to  the  top.  I  went  up  to  the  top  of  the 
mountain.  It  was  now  getting  light  enough  to  see  over  the  face  of  it. 
There  was  not  a  man  in  sight.  I  went  to  the  point  under  the  large  rock 
standing  like  an  umbrella,  and  then  to  the  east  side  and  found  we  had 
been  within  two  hundred  yards  of  the  road  down  the  mountain,  the  day 
before.  An  officer  and  some  seven  or  eight  men  came  up  the  road  with  a 
flag,  and  waved  it  over  the  crest  and  there  was  a  great  hurrah  from  those 
below.  The  officer  was  from  the  Eighth  Kentucky  Regiment.  The  morn- 
ing was  clear;  the  fog  of  the  24th. had  disappeared.  The  rebels  had 
crossed  over  Chattanooga  Creek  and  were  burning  the  bridge. 

The  sun  rose  bright  over  Missionary  Ridge  and  firing  had  commenced 
there.  Captain  W.  L.  Stork  of  my  regiment,  acting  aid  on  the  staff  of 
General  Geary,  came  up  the  ladder,  bringing  the  division  flag. 

The  Eighth  Kentucky  Regiment  came  up  the  Summertown  road  and 
took  charge  of  the  property  left  by  the  rebels.  Descending  by  the  ladder 
I  rejoined  the  regiment  and  was  ordered  to  march. 

We  moved  over  the  point  of  the  mountain  and  down  the  Summertown 
road,  rebuilt  the  bridge  over  Chattanooga  Creek  and,  ascending  Mission- 
ary Ridge  at  Rossville,  struck  the  Confederates  on  their  left  flank,  cap- 
turing a  number  and  driving  their  army  from  the  ridge. 

On  the  26th  followed  the  enemy  and  struck  their  rear  at  Pea  Vine, 
capturing  some  prisoners  and  several  pieces  of  artillery. 

On  the  27th  they  made  a  stand  at  Ringgold,  forming  their  line  on 
Taylor's  Ridge.  After  a  hard  fight  they  were  driven  off,  but  the  loss  in 
our  division  was  greater  than  in  the  battle  of  Lookout  Mountain. 

As  officer  of  the  day,  I  went  with  General  Hooker  to  General  Grant's 
quarters.  General  Hooker  wanted  to  follow  the  Confederates  who  were 
in  sight  and  delayed  with  their  trains  stuck  in  the  mud.  But  General 
Grant  said  if  he  could  go  forward  without  fighting  he  might  go.  When 
we  came  out  Genera)  Hooker  said  it  reminded  him  of  the  man  who  told 
the  boy  he  might  go  in  to  swim  but  he  must  not  go  near  the  water. 

Orders  were  issued  to  leave  Ringgold  at  2  o'clock  A.  M.,  December  1, 
but  to  burn  all  mills,  depots  and  public  property.  Just  before  starting 
it  was  said  there  was  a  mill  beyond  the  gap  which  had  not  been  de- 
stroyed and  General  Geary  asked  for  volunteers  to  go  and  burn  it.  Three 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  117 

men  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  stepped  out  and  went  to  destroy 
the  mill. 

We  started,  crossed  the  Chickamauga  at  sunrise,  through  Rossville  Gap 
around  the  foot  of  Lookout  Mountain  on  the  railroad,  and  reached  our 
camp  at  the  foot  of  Raccoon  Mountain  in  Lookout  Valley  at  3.30  P.  M., 
December  1,  1863. 

I  cannot  say  too  much  in  praise  of  the  officers  and  men  of  my  regiment- 
Where  all  did  their  full  duty  it  would  seem  invidious  to  make  distinctions. 
But  will  say  I  am  proud  of  having  the  honor  to  command  such  a  regiment. 

On  the  call  for  regiments  to  re-enlist  for  a  second  term  of  three  years, 
the  Twenty-ninth  promptly  answered  the  call  and  were  re-enlisted  and 
mustered  in  as  veteran  volunteers  on  December  9,  1863, — the  first  veteran 
volunteer  regiment  in  the  United  States  service. 

On  December  12,  we  started  home  on  veteran  furlough.  General  Geary 
had  the  division  paraded  to  give  us  a  parting  salute  and  sang  "Auld  Lang 
Syne." 

In  Louisville  the  men  were  paid  and  drew  new  clothing  and  overcoats, 
and  did  not  look  like  the  war-worn  veterans  of  the  week  previous. 

We  arrived  in  Philadelphia  on  December  22,  and  received  a  glorious  re- 
ception by  the  citizens  and  military  and  enjoyed  their  Christmas  holiday 
very  much. 

After  the  furlough,  with  many  new  recruits,  we  returned  to  the  field,  by 
way  of  Pittsburg,  Indianapolis,  Louisville  and  Nashville  by  train  and 
marched  from  Nashville,  rejoining  the  division  at  Bridgeport,  from  which, 
with  Second  Division  of  old  Twelfth  Corps,  we  were  consolidated  with  the 
Eleventh  Corps  and  called  Twentieth,  very  much  to  our  discontent.  We 
took  up  the  march  in  the  Georgia  campaign,  participating  in  all  the 
battles  of  that  memorable  march. 

At  Kenesaw  mountain  I  was  wounded  and  laid  out  for  dead  but,  my 
constitution  being  stronger  than  Confederate  shot,  I  am  still  alive  and 
able  to  be  with  you  to-day  and  assist  in  the  ceremonies  which  record  your 
honor. 

Comrades,  I  have  spoken  thus  far  to  prove  our  claim  to  the  honorable 
position  we  hold, — a  position  which  the  government  has  recognized  and 
acknowledged  by  authorizing  the  placing  on  the  high  point  of  Lookout 
Mountain  the  bronze  tablet  on  which  is  inscribed  the  record  which  entitles 
us  to  that  honor. 

Our  great  State  of  Pennsylvania,  ever  ready  to  support  our  national 
government  and  honor  its  worthy  defenders,  has  taken  upon  herself  the 
expense  of  the  monuments  placed  to  designate  the  action  of  its  imme- 
diate citizens  who  were  engaged  here  and  has  also  furnished  transporta- 
tion to  the  survivors  that  they  may  be  present  at  the  dedication  of  the 
monuments  erected  to  preserve  the  memory  of  the  days  that  tried  men's 
souls. 

The  rough  hewing  is  over  and  time  is  giving  the  finer  finish  to  the  end. 
And  when  we  shall  have  answered  the  last  muster  calls,  and  our  posterity 
views  these  mementos  of  the  past  trouble,  they  will  invoke  blessings  on 


118  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

the  men  who  offered  their  lives  to  preserve  to  them  this  glorious  heritage 
of  one  country  and  one  flag. 

NOTES  FROM  RECORDS  OF  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION, 
SERIES  1,  VOL.  31,  PART  2,  SERIAL  NO.  55. 

Page  329.  Headquarters  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps. 

Lookout  Valley,   Tenn.,   November  24,   1863. 
Brigadier  General  Geary, 

Commanding  Division: 

The  major  general  commanding  directs  that  you  hold  your  command  in  readiness  to 
march  at  daylight.  The  general  Is  ordered  to  take  Lookout  Mountain.  He  also  de- 
sires that  you  will  cross  Lookout  Creek  Just  above  Wauhatchle  near  the  mill.  After 
crossing  Lookout  Creek,  march  down  the  valley,  sweeping  every  rebel  from  It.  A  cor- 
responding crossing  will  be  made  down  here.  Make  your  movements  with  the  utmost 
rapidity. 
General  Whitaker  is  instructed  to  march  to  Wauhatchie  and  there  report  to  you. 

W.   H.   LAWRENCE, 
Major  and  Aid-de-Camp. 


Page  106.  Lookout  Valley,  November  24,  1863,  11  A.  M. 

Major  General  Reynolds: 

I  am  in  condition  to  cross  the  creek,  but  as  it  will  be  attended  with  some  considerable 
loss,  I  have  deemed  It  advisable  to  await  the  arrival  of  Geary's  command  down  Its 
right  bank  before  doing  so.  I  think  he  will  be  up  as  early  as  12  o'clock. 

JOSEPH   HOOKER, 
Major  General   Commanding. 


Lookout  Valley,  November  24,  1863,  12.16  P.  M. 
Major  General  Reynolds: 

The  valley  is  now  clear.    General   Geary's  division   Is  on   the  crest  of  the  slope  of 
Lookout  Mountain. 

JOSEPH    HOOKER, 
Major  General  Commanding. 


Page  692.  Extract  from  report  of  Brigadier  General  E.  C.  Walthall,  C.  S.  Army: 
The  Twenty-seventh  and  part  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Mississippi  Regiment  were  put  In 
position  in  rear  of  the  picket  line  where,  being  sheltered  from  the  enemy's  small  arms 
and  reserving  their  fire  till  the  regiments  and  pickets  in  front  had  passed  behind  them  In 
falling  back,  they  delivered  a  destructive  fire  upon  the  advancing  lines.  The  front  line 
wavered  and  \vas  then  broken  at  one  point,  but  after  falling  back  a  short  distance  it  was 
soon  reformed  and  despite  my  rapid  and  well  directed  fire  moved  steadily  and  unwaver- 
ingly forward,  pressing  heaviest  on  my  extreme  left.  Many  officers  and  men  were  cap- 
tured because  they  held  their  position  so  long  as  to  render  escape  impossible. 


ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  LOUIS  R.  FORTESCUE. 

COMRADES  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment:— Nearly  thirty-four  years 
have  passed  since  you,  remnant  of  a  glorious  command,  charged 
among    these   rocks    and    boulders,    and    after    a   heroic   struggle 
planted  your  regimental  colors  upon  the  apex  of  Lookout  Mountain. 
How  much  of  your  success  was  due  to  the  efforts  of  other  commands 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  119 

engaged  in  the  assault  we  cannot  now  rehearse.  That  they  assisted  in 
the  triumph  and  added  inspiration  to  the  movements,  thereby  increasing 
the  distrust  in  the  minds  of  the  enemy  as  to  their  ability  to  withstand 
the  onset,  there  can  be  no  question  of  a  doubt.  But  of  this  we  do  know 
and  can  therefore  speak  authoritatively,  that  the  colors  of  your  regi- 
ment were  the  first  to  reach  and  occupy  the  crest  of  the  mountain,  where 
the  enemy  had  supposed  themselves  to  be  securely  posted. 

Therefore  much  credit  is  due  to  the  various  commands  participating  In 
the  charge  and  who  by  many  acts  of  individual  courage  made  possible 
the  consummation  of  such  a  result;  and  all  honor  is  due  to  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Regiment  for  their  indomitable  and  intrepid  heroism  in  leading 
in  the  attack  and  in  maintaining  that  lead  until  the  accomplishment  of 
the  object. 

It  was  a  notable  victory;  your  line  pressing  forward  to  attack  an  enemy 
sheltered  behind  trees,  earth  and  everything  that  would  hide  them  from 
the  advancing  columns,  while  yourselves,  unprotected  in  any  manner, 
were  compelled,  thus  exposed,  to  seek  the  foe  and  drive  him  from  point  to 

point. 
******** 

In  all  of  the  campaigns  following  this  achievement  your  regiment  bore 
a  conspicuous  part,  bearing  the  white  star  of  the  Twentieth  Corps  wher- 
ever the  resolute  and  invincible  Sherman  directed  its  movements. 
******** 

It  was  but  a  short  time  after  this,  when  nearing  the  completion  of  your 
original  term  of  enlistment,  that  the  subject  of  re-enlisting  for  the  war 
engrossed  your  attention  and  your  prompt  and  enthusiastic  response  to 
the  appeal  of  the  government  marks  an  important  epoch  in  this  regi- 
ment's history.  The  announcement  of  your  desire  to  continue  in  the  ser- 
vice until  the  end  of  the  war  was  made  on  the  8th  day  of  December  (the 
official  date  in  the  War  Department),  and  this  fact  stands  as  a 
monument  to  your  lofty  patriotism  and  zeal  in  behalf  of  the  nation  when 
sacrifices,  such  as  this  typified,  were  needed  to  strengthen  the  cause  in 
which  you  were  engaged. 

It  was  a  grand  and  glorious  privilege  to  have  thus  testified  to  the  depth 
of  your  devotion  by  being  the  first  regiment  to  respond  and  the  auspicious 
example,  so  fittingly  displayed,  bore  its  fruits  a  hundred  fold  in  the 
spontaneous  acceptance  by  others,  at  the  government's  suggestion,  and 
their  quickened  desire  to  be  sharers  in  the  distinction  and  nobleness  of 
purpose  your  unselfish  act  had  inspired. 

It  spoke  volumes  for  your  gallantry  at  so  trying  a  period  and  deserves 
to  be,  and  should  be,  commemorated  in  some  enduring  manner  by  the  au- 
thorities at  Washington,  at  Harrisburg,  or  by  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
the  home  of  this  regiment,  as  an  example  of  bravery  and  courage  of 
which  all  should  be  justly  proud. 
*  *  *  *  **.*  • 

Comrades;  it  is  with  pleasure  that  I  greet  you  on  this  occasion.  Here 
let  us  renew  our  fealty  to  each  other.  How  few  remain  of  the  vast  num- 
bers that  formed  the  organization  of  which  we  are  the  survivors." 


120  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

The  names  of  over  twenty-five  hundred  men  appeared  upon  its  rolls  dur- 
ing its  more  than  four  years  of  service,  being  augmented  from  time  to 
time  by  recruits  to  replace  those  whom  the  fortunes  of  war  had  struck 
down.  Its  casualties  during  its  service  numbered  in  killed,  wounded  and 
prisoners  eight  hundred  and  seventy;  and  of  those  who  returned  to  our 
grand  old  Commonwealth  the  colors  entrusted  to  them,  but  a  corporal's 
guard  now  gathers  here,  spared  by  the  great  death  reaper,  that  the  lessons 
learned  of  which  these  ceremonies  are  a  part,  may  not  be  forgotten  but 
transmitted  to  generations  yet  to  come. 
******** 

Time  has  whitened  and  made  rugged  with  premature  age  whatever 
manly  beauty  you  once  possessed.  Those  once  strong  athletic  forms  are 
shorn  of  their  youth  and  a  silvery  tinge,  an  empty  sleeve  or  a  missing 
limb  tell  the  story  of  the  hardships  of  the  soldier's  life.  The  white  frost 
of  many  seasons  has  replaced  the  vigor  of  early  manhood  and,  bronzed 
with  age  that  the  changes  of  years  have  wrought,  we  meet  here  again,  in 
the  hour  of  profoundest  peace,  to  dedicate  to  those  of  our  comrades  who 
have  crossed  the  river  of  life,  this  memorial  which  a  grateful  Common- 
wealth, proud  of  their  record,  has  appropriately  raised. 
******** 

It  was  the  speaker's  privilege  to  have  formed  one  of  the  number  of  the 
first  company  organized  for  this  regiment,  and  can  assert  with  positive- 
ness  that  not  forty-eight  hours  had  elapsed  after  the  firing  upon  Fort 
Sumpter  before  a  roll  was  opened  which  formed  the  nucleus  of  this  com- 
ma '. 

Within  a  very  brief  period  thereafter  this  regiment  was  mustered 
and  at  the  front,  so  that  its  history  Is  a  continuous  one  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  ending  of  the  war. 

What  a  host  of  sagacious  leaders  pass  in  review  before  us  as  the  memory 
pictures  the  commanding  officers  under  whom  the  Twenty-ninth  Regi- 
ment directly  served.  -Commencing  with  the  affable  and  moderately  suc- 
cessful Banks,  at  the  head  oi  the  corps,  we  find  the  gallant  Slocum  as  his 
successor;  while  among  those  of  lesser  grade  the  names  of  Hamilton, 
Abercrombie,  Williams,  Geary,  Kane  and  Barnum  come  in  turn — from 
the  victorious  Meade  upon  the  field  of  Gettysburg  to  that  of  Sherman  and 
Grant  upon  these  historic  heights,  each  and  all  resolute,  defiant,  fear- 
less— never  despairing  of  success  but  with  dogged  tenacity  pressing  for- 
ward with  order  and  steadiness  to  reap  to  the  full  whatever  advantage 
presented  itself. 

That  tenacity  of  purpose  was  never  more  strikingly  shown  than  in  the 
successes  which  followed  the  transfer  of  General  Grant  to  Chattanooga. 

An  army,  dispirited  and  starving,  was  hedged  about  by  the  forces  of 
Bragg  who  had  defeated  the  Union  arms  at  Chickamauga  under  Rose- 
crans  and  left  them  In  a  demoralized  and  disordered  condition.  Compe- 
tent authority  had  reported  the  Union  army  as  baffled  and  mismanaged 
and  a  strong  hand  was  needed  to  bring  order  out  of  chaos  and  save  it 
from  annihilation. 


North   Point  of  Lookout  Mountain. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  121 

It  was  at  this  important  crisis  that  re-enforcements  were  found  to  be 
absolutely  essential  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  inflicting  an  irreparable 
and  dire  calamity  upon  the  country  and  to  avert  this  threatening  and 
crowning  disaster  two  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  which  had 
valiantly  stood  between  the  north  and  the  greatest  general  the  south  had 
produced,  Lee,  were  ordered  to  this  western  country  to  fill  the  breach 
and  thwart  if  possible  this  menacing  catastrophy. 

Upon  their  arrival  they  were  received  with  derision,  ridicule  and  con- 
tumely, by  their  brothers  in  arms,  and  their  first  important  step,  and  one 
that  has  since  been  spoken  disparagingly  of  by  the  western  troops,  from 
the  commanding  general  down,  was  their  successful  assault  and  occupa- 
tion of  this  stronghold,  thus  turning  the  left  flank  of  Bragg's  position  and 
making  possible  the  glorious  victory  which  followed  on  Missionary  Ridge. 

It  is  to  the  everlasting  credit  of  the  troops  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
that  they  carried  this  position  which  had  been  determinedly  held  by  the 
enemy  against  the  western  troops  up  to  the  very  moment  of  the  arrival 
of  the  two  corps,  and  no  argument,  however  specious,  ought  to  or  can 
deprive  them  of  the  full  measure  of  honor  for  duties  faithfully  performed. 
******** 

In  all  of  your  subsequent  career  as  soldiers  of  Sherman's  army  you  tes- 
tified in  the  most  commendable  manner  that  the  same  honorable  im- 
pulses and  zealous  motives  prompted  you  here  that  had  governed  your 
actions  in  the  eastern  army,  a  fact  which  the  western  troops  were  not 
slow  to  observe  and  approve,  and  posterity  must  accord  to  all  alike  the 
need  of  praise  due  for  services  worthily  rendered. 


BENEDICTION  BY  LJEUT.-COL,.  JESSE  R.  MILUSON: 

May  the  blessing  of  Almighty  God  and  the  communion  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  abide  with  these  surviving  members  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsyl- 
vania Veteran  Volunteers,  now  and  forevermore.  Amen. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

T  TNDER  the  call  of  the  President  of  the  3d  of  May,  1861,  for  forty  addi- 
|  tional  regiments,  authority  was  given  to  John  K.  Murphy,  by  the 
^-^  Secretary  of  War,  to  raise  and  organize  a  regiment  for  three  years' 
service.  The  order  to  recruit  was  given  on  the  15th  of  May,  and  the 
work  was  commenced  and  vigorously  prosecuted  at  the  building  then 
standing  on  the  site  of  the  present  postoffice  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 
On  the  29th  of  June,  Major  C.  F.  Ruff,  of  the  regular  army,  received  au- 
thority to  muster  the  regiment  into  the  service  of  the  United  States,  and 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteer*. 


122  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

commenced  July  1,  mustering  the  companies  as  fast  as  filled  and  fully 
organized,  the  last  being  mustered  July  29.  The  regiment  was  recruited, 
uniformed  and  rationed,  previous  to  its  muster,  by  the  labor  and  at  the 
expense  of  the  officers,  without  any  assistance  from  the  Government. 
Tnc  uniforms,  including  caps,  were  of  gray.  It  was  at  flrst  known  as  the 
Jackson  Regiment,  but  upon  its  organization  was  designated  the  Twenty- 
ninth  of  the  line,  and  the  following  gentlemen  were  commissioned  field 
officers:  John  K.  Murphy,  Colonel;  Charles  A.  Parham,  Lieutenant  Colo- 
nel; Michael  Scott,  Major.  On  the  16th  of  July  the  regiment  went  into 
camp  at  Hestonville  near  the  city,  where  it  was  equipped  and  received 
military  instruction. 

On  the  3d  of  August,  it  broke  camp  and  proceeded  to  Harper's  Ferry, 
where  it  was  attached  to  the  command  of  General  Banks,  and  was  at  flrst 
assigned  to  the  Third  Brigade,*  General  Hamilton  commanding,  subse- 
quently Colonel  Gordon.  It  encamped  in  Pleasant  Valley,  where  by  care- 
ful instruction  and  drill,  it  was  brought  to  a  high  state  of  discipline, 
and  during  the  autumn  and  winter  performed  a  great  amount  of  marching 
between  Darnstown,  Dam  No.  4,  Ball's  Bluff  and  Frederick.  Near  the 
latter  place  it  went  into  winter  quarters,  at  Camp'Carmel,  on  the  25th  of 
February,  1862. 

But  winter  quarters  in  modern  warfare  means  a  shelter  for  one  night 
or  longer,  according  to  circumstances.  In  this  instance  it  meant  the 
short  period,  for  one  night.  On  the  26th,  breaking  camp  and  crossing  the 
Potomac  on  a  pontoon  bridge,  at  Harper's  Ferry,  it  proceeded  with  the 
brigade  to  Winchester,  where  it  arrived  on  the  12th  of  March,  driving  out 
Jackson  and  taking  possession  of  the  place.  On  the  1st  of  April,  Banks' 
army  advanced,  pushing  the  enemy  up  the  valley,  until  it  arrived  at  Eden- 
burgh,  where  both  the  railroad  and  turnpike  bridges  were  found  de- 
stroyed. A  skirmishing  party  was  sent  across  the  creek  to  dislodge  a 
body  of  the  enemy,  so  posted  as  to  be  very  annoying  to  the  troops  as  they 
approached  the  stream.  In  the  skirmish  which  ensued,  the  Twenty-ninth 
lost  two  killed,  James  Martin,  of  Company  G,  and  Gottlieo  Spear,  of 
Company  I,  the  flrst  casualties  in  action.  As  the  command  advanced 
In  pursuit  of  Jackson  on  the  19th,  the  Twenty-ninth,  with  the  brigade, 
made  a  detour  to  the  right,  to  flank  the  enemy  who  had  taken  position 
on  Road's  Hill.  But  discovering  the  movement  in  season  he  sought  safety 
in  flight.  Marching  to  Harrisonburg,  the  army  remained  about  two 
weeks,  when  it  returned  to  Strasburg  and  commenced  fortifying.  Com- 
panies B  and  G  of  the  Twenty-ninth,  together  with  the  First  Maryland 
Regiment,  under  Colonel  Kenly,  had  been  detached  and  stationed  at  Front 
Royal.  Jackson,  having  been  re-enforced  by  Ewell  and  Edward  John- 
son, had  attacked  and  worsted  the  advance  Divisions  of  Fremont's  com- 
mand under  Milroy  and  Schenck,  at  McDowell,  and,  by  a  rapid  march 

•Organization  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Colonel  George  H.  Gordon,  First  Division, 
Brigadier  General  A.  S.  Williams.  Army  of  Major  General  N.  P.  Banks.  Second  Regi- 
ment Massachusetts  Volunteers,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Andrews;  Third  Regiment  Wis- 
consin Volunteers,  Colonel  Ruger:  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  Indiana  Volunteers,  Colo- 
nel Colgrove;  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  Murphy. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  123 

masked  by  his  cavalry,  approached  Front  Royal  unexpectedly,  quickly 
overpowered  Kenly,  after  a  brave  resistance,  scattering  and  capturing 
a  large  part  of  his  command,  and  appeared  upon  the  flank  of  Banks, 
threatening  his  communication  with  a  force  of  twenty  thousand  men. 
At  midnight  of  the  23d,  Banks  having  been  apprised  of  the  defeat  of 
Kenly,  commenced  a  retreat  in  the  direction  of  Winchester,  with  the 
enemy  in  full  pursuit,  flushed  with  success  on  every  hand.  At  three 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  24th,  the  Twenty-ninth  reached  Middie- 
town,  and  turning  to  the  right  on  the  road  to  Front  Royal,  met  the 
fugitives  of  Kenly's  command  about  five  miles  out,  who  reported  the 
enemy  advancing  in  great  force.  Falling  back  to  Middletown,  it  again 
joined  the  retreating  column.  An  attack  on  the  head  of  the  train,  threw 
it  into  confusion,  causing  considerable  delay  and  the  loss  of  some  wagons; 
these  were  destroyed  to  keep  them  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy,  who  hovered  on  the  right  flank,  keeping  the  column  constantly 
engaged.  The  Twenty-ninth  reached  the  hill  near  Winchester  at  seven 
P.  M.,  the  men  lying  on  their  arms  during  the  night. 

At  day-break  on  the  25th,  the  pickets  reported  the  enemy  advancing  in 
force.  The  Second  Brigade,  under  Colonel  .Gordon,  occupied  the  ground 
on  the  right  of  the  Strasburg  road.  A  large  body  of  the  enemy  having 
moved  off  to  turn  its  right  flank,  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  and  the 
Twenty-seventh  Indiana,  Colonel  Colgrove,  were  ordered  to  change  posi- 
tion from  the  left  to  the  right  of  the  line  to  meet  and  check  them.  The 
flanking  party  consisted  of  the  Louisiana  Brigade,  headed  by  the  Tigers, 
and  commanded  by  General  Dick  Taylor.  As  they  came  into  the  open 
field  they  were  received  with  a  destructive  fire  of  musketry  which 
checked  their  advance  for  a  few  minutes;  but  soon  rallying,  they  de- 
ployed regiments  to  turn  the  flank  of  our  weak  line,  which  was  at  length 
compelled  to  retire.  On  reaching  the  rising  ground  it  was  found  that 
the  rest  of  the  line  had  been  forced  back.  Moving  towards  the  town  a 
stand  was  made  behind  a  stone  wall  by  the  Colonel,  together  with  what 
men  remained,  but  they  were  soon  surrounded  and  compelled  to  surrender. 
The  remainder  of  the  regiment,  under  Major  Scott,  withdrew  with  the 
Brigade. 

This  engagement  held  the  enemy  in  check  five  hours,  giving  time  for 
the  train  of  nearly  five  hundred  wagons  to  get  well  on  the  way  towards 
the  Potomac.  The  enemy  made  a  vigorous  pursuit,  but  the  troops  moving 
in  three  parallel  columns,  with  an  efficient  rear  guard  for  each,  arrived  at 
the  river  at  nightfall  and  crossed  in  safety. 

Colonel  Murphy,  and  others  of  the  Twenty-ninth  who  were  taken 
prisoners,  were  sent  to  the  rear,  and  on  their  way  had  a  full  view  of  the 
rebel  forces  as  they  rushed  on,  whooping  and  shouting,  in  pursuit  of  the 
national  troops.  Major  Wheat,  in  whose  charge  the  prisoners  were 
placed,  took  Colonel  Murphy  and  Captain  Rickards,  of  Company  I,  to  the 
Taylor  House  in  Winchester,  for  breakfast,  where  he  introduced  them 
to  Generals  Ashby  and  Stonewall  Jackson.  Jackson  appeared  quiet  and 
taciturn;  but  Ashby  was  choleric  and  gave  vent  to  much  bitter  feeling 

9 


124  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

against  the  north,  saying  that  he  would  never  be  satisfied  until  he  had 
them  TUEKE!  at  the  same  time  stamping  his  foot  upon  the  floor  with  great 
emphasis,  illustrating  in  his  person  the  sentiment  which  inspired  the  re- 
bellion, and  which  has  been  so  aptly  expressed  by  Horace: 

•"—Ira,  qua  procudit  enses 
Et  miseras  Inimicat  urbes." 

The  prisoners  from  Front  Royal  were  brought  in  during  the  day.  Of 
the  Twenty-ninth,  there  were,  including  those  of  the  two  companies 
captured  at  that  place,  seven  officers  and  one  hundred  and  forty-eight 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates.  The  men  were  organized  into 
squads  for  drawing  rations,  and  were  placed  under  the  charge  of  Sergeant 
Brown,  of  Company  F.  On  the  30th  the  prisoners  arrived  at  Harrison- 
burg,  having  marched  seventy-six  miles  and  received  but  four  crackers 
per  man  during  the  four  days  march.  Here  the  officers  were  paroled  to 
report  at  Staunton  on  the  6th.  At  Waynesboro*  the  dead  body  of  Ashby, 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Cross  Keys,  was  brought  in.  Here  also,  Colonel 
Kane,  of  the  Bucktails,  wounded  in  the  same  battle,  was  added  to  the 
company  of  captive  officers. 

The  Twenty-ninth,  under  command  of  Major  Scott,  remained  with 
General  Banks,  and  upon  the  incorporation  of  his  army  with  that  of 
Fremont  and  McDowell,  it  moved  from  Winchester  to  the  valley  of  the 
Rappahannock,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  though 
not  actively  engaged,  and  suffered  no  loss.  Early  in  September  the  regi- 
ment was  on  duty  at  Williamsport,  Maryland,  and  on  the  approach  of  the 
enemy  in  the  Antietam  campaign,  fell  back  to  Hagerstown,  and  from 
thence  to  Chambersburg. 

On  the  12th  of  September,  Colonel  Murphy,  and  other  officers  who  had 
been  prisoners  of  war  with  him,  rejoined  the  regiment  and  advanced 
under  orders  from  Colonel  Wright,  an  aid  to  Governor  Curtin,  to  Green- 
castle.  Two  days  later  the  returned  officers  were  notified  by  Governor 
Curtin  that  they  were  not  exchanged,  but  only  paroled,  and  ordered  to 
report  at  Camp  Parole,  near  Annapolis.  On  the  17th  of  September,  at  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  the  Twenty-ninth  was  on  provost  and  rear  guard 
duty,  and  not  actively  engaged.  After  the  battle  it  was  stationed  at 
Boonsboro,  Maryland,  in  charge  of^  the  hospital  and  property  collected 
from  the  battlefield. 

October  22,  Colonel  Murphy  and  other  paroled  officers,  having  been  regu- 
larly exchanged,  returned  to  the  command.  Greatly  crippled  by  its  losses, 
the  scattered  fragments  were  now  gathered  up  and  put  once  more  in  a 
condition  of  efficiency.  On  the  31st  of  October  it  marched  to  Hagers- 
town, where  it  was  detailed  for  provost  and  guard  duty.  On  the  10th 
of  December,  it  struck  tents  and  moving  via  Boonsboro  and  Pleasant 
Valley,  crossed  the  Potomac  and  Shenandoah  rivers  on  pontoon  bridges, 
and  joined  the  Brigade  near  Leesburg.  Colonel  Murphy,  being  the  senior 
officer,  assumed  command  of  the  Brigade.  The  battle  of  Fredericks- 

•Hatred,  which  forges  swords  and  sets  at  variance  unhappy  states. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  125 

burg  was  fought  on  the  same  day.  Marching  via  Gum  Springs  to  Fair- 
fax Station,  tents  and  all  extra  baggage  were  turned  in,  and  all  who 
were  unable  to  walk  were  sent  to  Alexandria  in  cars.  On  the  28th,  the 
Corps  marched  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  which  retreated  rapidly, 
and  crossed  the  Occoquan  at  Wolf's  Ford,  eluding  pursuit. 

On  the  19th  of  January,  1863,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  march  with 
the  Brigade,  with  all  possible  dispatch,  towards  Fredericksburg,  as  Burn- 
side  was  concentrating  his  forces  for  a  second  advance.  The  weather 
was  clear  and  cold,  the  ground  frozen,  the  marching  good,  except  that  the 
artillery  and  heavy  loaded  wagons  occasionally  cut  through  the  frost  and 
sank  in  the  mud.  Crossing  the  Occoquan,  it  marched  via  Dumfries  to 
the'Quintico,  now  swollen  by  the  incessant  rains  and  filled  with  floating 
ice,  which  was,  in  consequence,  passed  with  great  difficulty,  and  reached 
Stafford  Court  House  on  the  25th.  The  mud  had  by  this  time  so  deepened 
that  the  roads  were  impassible,  and  the  prospect  that  all  further  forward 
movements  would  be  suspended  was  clear.  On  the  3d  of  February  the 
troops  were  ordered  to  build  tents  and  put  their  camping  ground  in  proper 
condition  for  winter  quarters.  On  the  same  day  Wm.  Rickards,  Jr.,  Cap- 
tain of  Company  I,  was  commissioned  Lieutenant  Colonel,  to  date  from 
October  4,  and,  in  the  absence  of  Colonel  Murphy,  at  once  assumed  com- 
mand. The  camp  was  enlarged  and  improved,  and  details  of  men  were 
kept  daily  at  work  to  put  it  in  good  condition  for  health  and  comfort. 
On  the  19th,  Captain  Zulich  was  appointed  to  bring  in  from  Camps  Con- 
valescent and  Distribution  all  men  fit  for  duty  belonging  to  the  corps. 
During  the  months  of  February  and  March  little  activity  prevailed  in  the 
army  other  than  that  of  organizing,  drilling  and  perfecting  the  discipline 
of  the  troops.  In  the  camp  of  the  Twenty-ninth  great  improvement  was 
exhibited  in  the  appearance  and  condition  of  the  men,  who  manifested  a 
pride  in  preserving  a  soldierly  bearing,  and  in  presenting  to  the  eye  of  the 
inspector  faultless  arms  and  equipments.  On  the  19th  of  March,  the  di- 
vision was  reviewed  by  General  Hooker,  now  in  command  of  the  army, 
who  met  the  commanders  of  regiments  at  the  headquarters  of  General 
Slocum,  and  was  personally  introduced.  He  spoke  of  the  necessity  of  us- 
ing all  possible  means  for  crushing  the  rebellion,  and  expressed  a  confi- 
dence in  the  efficiency  of  his  troops,  and  a  hope  that  the  next  movement 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  would  be  a  successful  one. 

On  the  21st  of  March  an  order  was  received  transferring  -the  Twenty- 
ninth  to  the  Second  Brigade,*  Second  Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps. 
On  the  10th  of  April  this  corps  was  reviewed  by  President  Lincoln,  ac- 
companied by  Generals  Hooker  and  Slocum.  The  corps  was  drawn  up 
in  two  lines  of  battalions  by  divisions  closed  in  mass.  The  President 

''Organization  of  Second  Brigade,  Brigadier  General  Thomas  L.  Kane,  Second  Division; 
Major  General  John  W.  Geary,  Twelfth  Army  Corps;  Major  General  Slocum.  Twenty- 
ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Lieutenant  Colonel  William  Rickards,  Jr.; 
One  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania,  Colonel  Steinrook;  One  Hundred 
and  Eleventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  George  A.  Cobham;  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  Hawley; 
One  Hundred  and  Twenty-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunters,  Colonel  Higgins. 


126  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

rode  up  and  down,  when  the  lines  were  broken  into  columns  and  passed 
in  review.  Previous  to  the  movement  General  Slocum  called  the  field 
officers  together  and  explained  the  manner  in  which  the  battalions  would 
change  direction  by  a  flank  to  form  column,  and,  fearing  that  all  might 
not  understand  the  explanation  without  a  visible  representation,  called 
for  a  regiment  to  volunteer  to  illustrate  it.  The  Twenty-ninth  was 
offered  and  immediately  put  in  motion,  executing  the  manoeuvre  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  General,  and  illustrating  at  the  same  time  the 
efficiency  in  drill  to  which  it  had  attained. 

The  necessary  preparations  were  made,  and  on  the  26th  of  April,  orders 
were  received  to  march  on  the  Chancellorsville  campaign.  With  three 
days'  rations  in  haversacks  and  five  in  knapsacks,  baggage  reduced  to  the 
lowest  limit,  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition  in  cartridge  boxes  and  eighty 
per  man  in  wagons,  and  of  the  four  hundred  and  eighty-seven  present 
for  duty,  leaving  twenty  sick  in  hospital,  the  march  commenced.  Passing 
through  Stafford  Court  House  and  Hartwood,  and  crossing  the  Rappa- 
hannock  at  Kelly's  Ford,  and  the  Rapidan  at  Germania  Mills,  the  regi- 
ment reached  Chancellorsville  on  the  evening  of  the  30th.  This  route  was 
pursued  by  Howard's  Eleventh,  Slocum's  Twelfth,  and  Meade's  Fifth 
Corps;  Couch's  Second  Corps  crossing  at  Banks'  and  United  States  Fords, 
shielded  by  the  advancing  column  on  the  right  bank.  At  nine  A.  M.,  the 
regiment,  with  the  Brigade,  marched  on  the  right  of  the  Fredericksburg 
road,  and  soon  met  the  enemy,  who  had  a  battery  posted  which  opened 
heavily.  Remaining  in  position  about  an  hour,  the  brigade  was  ordered 
back  to  its  former  camp,  which  it  immediately  commenced  to  fortify. 
Intrenching  tools  could  not  be  procured,  and  most  of  the  work  was  done 
with  bayonets  and  tin  plates.  At  three  P.  M.,  the  regiment  was  again 
ordered  forward  on  the  Fredericksburg  road  to  take  a  battery  posted  in 
an  annoying  position.  Arriving  within  charging  distance,  it  was  deemed 
inexpedient  to  make  the  attempt,  and  the  regiment  was  ordered  back 
with  a  loss  of  three  men  killed  and  five  wounded.  The  pressure  of  the 
enemy  under  Jackson  on  the  right  of  the  Union  line,  at  about  five  P.  M., 
became  so  heavy  that  it  was  forced  to  give  way,  leaving  the  flank  of  the 
Twelfth  Corps  exposed.  Geary's  Division  was  immediately  wheeled  into 
position  to  check  the  enemy,  swarming  forth  almost  in  the  rear  of  Gen- 
eral Hooker's  Headquarters.  The  firing  was  very  heavy,  and  continued 
till  eleven  P.  M.,  the  men  laying  on  their  arms  all  night.  On  Sunday,  May 
'i,  the  battle  opened  early,  and  at  seven  A.  M.,  the  enemy  had  turned  our 
right  flank,  and  commenced  a  cross-fi.re  which  was  very  severe.  The 
position  being  untenable,  the  division  was  ordered  to  retire  by  the  United 
States  Ford  road,  and  take  up  a  new  position;  but  it  was  vigorously 
shelled,  losing  many  while  carrying  the  wounded  from  the  hospitals 
which  had  been  set  on  fire  by  the  enemy's  shells.  At  ten  P.  M.,  the  regi- 
ment was  ordered  into  position  on  a  hill  commanding  the  road,  which 
was  immediately  intrenched.  On  the  following  morning  the  enemy  at- 
tacked on  the  right,  but  was  repulsed. '  Rations  and  ammunition  (on  ac- 
count of  the  nature  of  the  ground)  had  to  be  distributed  on  pack  mules. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  127 

At  daybreak  on  the  6th,  the  Twenty-ninth  crossed  the  river  and  marched 
to  Potomac  Creek,  Hooker  having  decided  to  withdraw,  leaving  the  dead 
on  the  field  and  the  wounded  unable  to  be  moved,  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy.  The  less  in  the  engagement  was  six  killed  and  thirteen  wounded. 

An  examination  was  made  of  the  ground  at  Acquia  Creek  by  Colonel 
Cobham,  in  command  of  the  brigade,  to  determine  the  dispositions  to  be 
made  in  case  of  attack.  It  was  decided  that  Fort  No.  1,  should  be  oc- 
cupied by  the  Twenty-ninth  and  that  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  and  One 
hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  should  take  position  in  the  rifle-pits. 
Colonel  Murphy,  who  had  been  absent  sick  for  more  than  two  months, 
now  resigned  on  account  of  disease  contracted  while  a  prisoner  of  war, 
and  the  regiment  was  notified  of  the  fact  May  8.  The  time  of  the  One 
hundred  and  twenty-fourth  and  One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiments  of  nine  months'  men  having  expired  on  the  llth  of  May, 
they  left  the  brigade.  On  the  4th  of  June,  the  regiment  being  stationed 
at  Acquia  Creek,  a  beautiful  flag  prepared  by  ladies  of  Philadelphia,  was 
presented,  on  their  behalf,  by  H.  M.  Dichert,  Esq.,  of  that  city,  and  was 
received  for  the  regiment  by  General  Geary. 

On  the  llth  of  June,  the  regiment  stripped  to  light  marching  order  and 
commenced  to  move  on  the  Gettysburg  campaign.  .  Passing  through  Staf- 
ford, Dumfries  and  Fairfax,  it  arrived  at  Leesburg  on  the  17th,  and  tak- 
ing possession  of  a  rebel  fortification,  was  employed  in  extending  and 
strengthening  it.  At  dawn  of  the  26th  it  moved  to  the  Potomac  and 
crossed  at  Edward's  Ferry.  The  river  is  here  four  hundred  and  forty 
yards  in  width,  and  was  spanned  by  two  bridges  of  sixty-six  boats  each. 
Lee's  main  body,  under  Longstreet  and  Hill,  had  crossed  on  the  24th  and 
25th,  and  had  pushed  on  in  the  path  of  Ewell,  who  moved  a  week  earlier 
and  was  now  at  Carlisle  and  York.  Hooker  crossed  with  his  army  on  the 
25th  and  26th,  but  one  day  later  than  Lee,  designing  to  concentrate  his 
main  body  at  Frederick,  while  the  Twelfth  Corps  with  the  division  of 
General  French,  then  at  Harper's  Ferry,  was  to  strike  at  the  rebel  com- 
munications at  Williamsport.  With  the  28th,  came  the  change  of  com- 
manders, and  a  change  of  plans  in  so  far  as  to  abandon  the  movement  to 
Williamsport,  and  to  follow  up  the  advancing  rebel  column  by  a  line 
bearing  further  to  the  right. 

Moving  on  the  29th  through  Frederick  and  Bruceville,  the  Twelfth  Corps 
arrived  on  the  30th  at  Littlestown,  where  the  cavalry  had  a  skirmish  with 
a  marauding  party  of  the  enemy,  in  which  a  few  prisoners  were  taken. 
On  the  1st  of  July,  General  Geary's  Division  pushed  on  in  advance  of  the 
rest  of  the  corps,  and  at  about. two  miles  from  the  battle-ground  Kane's 
Brigade  was  detached  and  posted  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  turning  the 
right  flank  of  the  army,  while  the  remaining  brigades  hastened  to  the 
front  and  took  position  on  the  extreme  left  of  the  line,  on  and  about  Round 
Top.  On  the  morning  of  the  2d,  the  Twenty-ninth  with  Kane's  Brigade 
moved  to  the  right  and  took  position  in  a  wood  to  the  right  of  the  Balti- 
more pike,  on  Gulp's  Hill,  where  breast-works  were  thrown  up  across  the 
head  of  a  ravine  which  spreads  to  a  large  plateau  on  Rock  Creek,  covered 


128  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

with  a  hfr^.y  growth  of  timber.  At  seven  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  brigade  was 
ordered  by  General  Geary  to  move  rapidly  to  the  left,  to  re-inforce  the 
Third  Corps.  Fording  the  creek  in  the  face  of  the  enemy's  shells,  by 
which  Sergeant  Major  Charles  Latford  was  killed,  and  proceeding  rap- 
idiy  about  two  miles  in  the  direction  of  Round  Top,  the  column  was  halted 
and  ordered  to  return  to  the  breast-works  just  vacated,  the  enemy  in 
front  of  the  Third  Corps  having  been  repulsed  and  the  line  made  secure 
by  fresh  troops.  The  incidents  of  the  return  are  best  told  in  .the  words  of 
Colonel  Rickards'  report: — "We  returned  by  the  pike  (Baltimore)  and 
were  about  to  enter  the  wood  in  which  our  breast-works  were,  when 
we  were  fired  on,  receiving  a  heavy  volley  from  behind  a  stone  wall  at 
twenty-five  paces  distance,  killing  Lieutenant  Harvey  and  three  men,  and 
wounding  ten.  Believing  that  we  had  been  mistaken  for  the  enemy  by 
the  Third  Brigade  of  our  own  division,  which  had  been  left  to  hold  a  part 
of  the  line,  I  ordered  my  men  not  to  fire,  and  gathering  up  our  dead  and 
wounded,  I  moved  to  the  rear  about  one  hundred  paces,  when  I  returned 
again  to  the  wall  and  called  to  those  behind  it,  telling  them  who  I  was, 
but  was  answered  by  another  volley.  I  now  received  orders  to  join  the 
brigade  on  the  pike,  and  we  moved  to  the  woods  on  the  left  of  our 
trenches,  when  we  found  that  the  enemy  had  occupied  them  in  our  ab- 
sence, had  advanced  half  a  mile  beyond  our  works,  and  were  now  con- 
fronting us.  A  party  of  skirmishers  under  Captain  Johnson,  of  Company 
B,  was  immediately  sent  out  by  order  of  General  Kane.  The  Captain 
and  five  of  his  men  were  captured." 

As  soon  as  the  position  of  the  enemy  was  ascertained,  a  line  of  battle 
was  formed  at  right  angles  with  the  original  breast-works,  and  the  men 
laid  on  their  arms,  the  enemy  keeping  up  occasional  firing  during  the 
night,  by  which  one  man,  a  private  of  Company  K,  was  severely  wounded. 
"At  three  A.  M.,  of  the  3d,"  says  Colonel  Rickards,  "observing  objects 
moving  about  the  enemy's  position,  I  went  to  the  centre  of  the  brigade 
and  met  Colonel  Cobham;  while  consulting  we  received  a  fire  from  the 
enemy,  which  extended  across  our  front,  fortunately  doing  no  harm, 
but  knocking  the  eagle  from  my  right  shoulder,  and  showing  them  to 
he  in  force.  The  fire  was  returned  with  spirit,  but  soon  died  away  and  all 
was  again  quiet."  The  Twenty-ninth  occupied  a  part  of  the  line  which 
extended  through  a  hollow,  and  was  somewhat  protected  by  a  ledge  of 
rocks.  At  half  past  three  A.  M.,  the  contest  opened,  the  enemy  firing 
from  behind  rocks  and  trees.  The  action  soon  became  general  and  raged 
with  unabated  fury,  the  troops  being  relieved  as  their  ammunition  was 
exhausted,  and,  when  replenished,  again  returning  to  the  line.  The 
Twenty-ninth  was  relieved  for  this  purpose,  and  was  absent  forty-five 
minutes,  the  men  taking  from  sixty  to  eighty  rounds  each. 

At  half  past  ten  A.  M.,  the  enemy  advanced  to  the  charge,  led  by 
Stewart's  Brigade  moving  at  battalion  front.  It  was  a  trying  moment 
for  the  Twenty-ninth,  but  the  men  stood  manfully  to  their  ground,  firing 
with  great  rapidity,  and  doing  fearful  execution.  The  rebel  line  came 
steadily  on,  though  their  ranks  were  perceptibly  thinned,  until  within 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  129 

ten  paces,  when  their  column  began  to  waver,  and  soon  after  fled  in  con- 
fusion, leaving  their  dead  and  wounded  in  frightful  numbers  on  the  field. 
Preparations  were  soon  made  to  follow  up  this  advantage,  and  General 
Geary's  Division  charged  over  the  ground  lately  held  by  the  enemy,  rout- 
ing and  driving  them  out  and  regaining  the  original  breast-works. 

The  fight  still  continued,  the  enemy  taking  refuge  behind  rocks  and 
trees  in  front  of  the  entrenchments,  and  keeping  up  a  rapid  fire.  The 
Twenty-ninth  having  exhausted  its  last  supply  of  ammunition,  was  re- 
lieved by  the  First  Maryland,  Colonel  Maulsby,  and  moved  out  to  re- 
plenish it,  being  heavily  shelled  while  passing  through  an  open  field 
and  losing  one  man  wounded.  At  half  past  two  the  regiment  returned 
to  the  trenches,  where  the  men  were  much  annoyed  by  sharpshooters. 
At  nine  P.  M.,  the  enemy  made  another  attack,  which  was  promptly  re- 
pulsed, and  the  firing  ceased  with  the  exception  of  an  occasional  shot. 
Precautions  were  taken  to  guard  against  surprise,  and  the  men  rested 
in  the  trenches  upon  their  arms.  Much  speculation  was  indulged  in  by 
the  officers  during  the  night  respecting  the  events  of  the  coming  day, 
many  believing  that  the  fighting  would  be  more  sanguinary  than  on  any 
previous  one.  With  the  dawn  of  July  4,  came  hope  tnat  the  struggle  was 
over,  for  silence  continued  to  prevail.  General  Kane  ordered  Colonel 
Rickards  to  send  out  a  party  of  skirmishers  to  ascertain  if  the  enemy 
was  still  in  front.  Company  E  was  accordingly  detached  for  the  pur- 
pose, and  proceeded  to  examine  the  woods,  where  the  enemy  had  been 
posted;  but  he  had  stealthily  departed,  leaving  the  ground  strewn  with 
his  dead  and  wounded.  Five  hundred  rebel  dead  were  found  and  buried 
in  front  of  General  Geary's  Division  alone.  The  Twenty-ninth  lost  dur- 
ing three  days  in  which  it  was  engaged,  fifteen  killed,  forty-five  wounded 
and  fourteen  missing.* 

Following  up  the  retreat  of  the  rebel  army  the  regiment  arrived  at 
Littlestown  on  the  6th,  and  Walkersville  on  the  8th.  At  Frederick,  the 
brigade  turned  on  the  road  leading  to  Middletown,  and  at  a  point  about 
two  miles  out  crossed  the  fields  to  the  Harper's  Ferry  road,  passing  on  the 
way  a  spy  hanging  on  a  locust  tree.  In  the  neighborhood  of  Bakersville 

•General  Thomas  L.  Kane,  who  led  the  brigade  In  this  battle,  having  been  disabled 
by  wounds  and  sickness,  had  been  absent  since  the  battle  of  Chancellorsvllle,  and  only 
re-joip°d  It  on  the  evening  or  the  1st  of  July.  He  was  obliged  again  to  leave  at  the 
conclusion  of  the  battle,  and  issued  the  following  order,  full  of  feeling  and  pathos: 

Headquarters,       /- 
Second  Brigade,   Second  Division,  Twelfth  Army  Corps, 

Near  Littlestown,  July  6,  1863. 
Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the  Second  Brigade: 

The  hard  fighting  seems  over.  If  there  is  to  be  more  of  it  soon  I  will  be  with  you.  If 
not,  farewell,  and  may  God  bless  and  reward  you  for  your  noble  conduct,  but  for 
which,  neither  I,  nor  any  of  the  thousands  of  this  army  would  have  home,  country, 
pride  or  honor  to  return  to.  If  you  should  not  see  me  again  In  the  brigade  I  hope  you 
will  remember  long  and  affectionately  your  friend  and  commander. 

THOMAS  L.  KANE, 
Brigadier  General  of  Volunteers- 


130  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

some  of  the  enemy's  pickets  were  encountered,  and  the  rebels  were  re- 
ported in  force  at  Downsville.  Arriving  within  two  miles  of  that  place, 
a  line  of  battle  was  formed,  the  Second  Corps  on  the  right  of  the  Twelfth, 
and  breast-works  were  thrown  up.  On  the  llth,  the  troops  were  again 
formed  in  line  of  battle,  the  Second  Brigade  being  posted  on  the  extreme 
left.  On  the  14th,  the  Second  Division  was  ordered  to  support  the  First 
in  the  neighborhood  of  St.  James  College,  and  moved  on  up  the  hill,  ex- 
pecting to  receive  the  enemy's  fire;  but  reconnoissances  soon  developed 
the  fact  that  the  rebel  army  had  escaped  across  the  river  and  was  now 
in  full  retreat  up  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  Passing  Maryland  Heights  and 
Pleasant  Valley,  where  the  Twenty-ninth  had  its  first  camp  on  taking  the 
field,  it  crossed  the  Potomac  on  pontoons  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  the 
Shenandoah  on  a  wire  bridge,  and  passing  around  Loudon  Heights  halted 
at  Hill's  Lookout.  On  the  20th  of  July,  the  division  moved  by  forced 
inarches  via  Snickersville  and  Markham  to  Manassas  Gap  for  the  pur- 
pose of  cutting  off  portions  of  the  retreating  army.  A  spirited  artillery 
duel  occurred  with  the  enemy's  rear  guard,  but  the  main  column  had  al- 
ready passed  and  was  hastening  on  towards  Gordonsville.  The  brigade 
was  immediately  ordered  back  to  take  another  road  by  which  to  still  over- 
take the  foe,  and  marched  twenty-five  miles  on  the  24th;  proceeding  on 
the  following  day  through  Rectortown  and  White  Plains,  it  arrived  at  the 
entrance  of  Thoroughfare  Gap.  A  detail  was  here  made  of  two  non-com- 
missioned officers  and  four  privates  to  bring  in  conscripts.  Proceeding 
through  the  gap,  the  command  moved  hastily  to  Catlett's  Station,  and 
from  thence  to  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock.  During  the  month 
of  August,  the  first  three  days  of  which  were  remarkable  for  extreme 
heat,  and  during  which  the  men  suffered  much,  the  regiment  was  kept 
actively  engaged  guarding  the  fords  of  the  river.  On  the  16th  of  Sep- 
tember the  regiment  marched  at  four  o'clock  A.  M.,  and  crossed  at 
Kelly's  Ford.  The  weather  was  excessively  hot  and  the  ambulances 
were  filled  with  the  sick  and  exhausted  men.  The  Twenty-ninth  formed 
the  rear  guard  of  the  division,  and  bivouacked  at  night  on  high  ground 
about  four  miles  east  of  Culpepper  Court  House.  The  cavalry  was  al- 
ready at  Raccoon  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  engaging  the  enemy,  the  burst- 
ing of  shells  breaking  the  darkness  with  their  lurid  light.  On  the  21st, 
General  Slocum  visited  the  camp  of  the  Twenty-ninth,  and  expressed 
his  satisfaction  with  the  condition  in  which  he  found  it;  he  soon  after 
issued  a  special  order  complimenting  the  regiment  for  its  excellent  dis- 
cipline and  the  soldierly  bearing  of  the  men. 

On  the  23d  of  September,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  were  de- 
tached from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  ordered,  under  General 
Hooker,  to  Middle  Tennessee,  to  re-inforce  Rosecrans,  lately  worsted  at 
Chickamauga.  On  the  26th,  the  regiment  marched  to  Brandy  Station, 
whence  it  proceeded  by  rail  to  Washington,  and  Immediately  moved 
by  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  to  Bellalre,  where  It  crossed  the  Ohio 
River,  and  proceeded  through  Columbus,  Indianapolis,  Louisville  and 
Nashville  to  Murfreesboro,  arriving  on  the  5th  of  October.  Here  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  131 

regiment  reported  to  General  Ward,  commanding  the  post,  who  directed 
Colonel  Rickards  to  take  charge  of  the  troops  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  then 
arrived.  These  consisted  of  the  Twenty-ninth  and  One  hundred  and 
ninth  Pennsylvania,  Fifth  Ohio  and  Seventy-eighth  and  One  hundred 
and  forty-ninth  New  York.  On  the  day  previous  the  rebels  had  burnt 
a  bridge  on  the  railroad  two  miles  below  the  town,  capturing  the  guard, 
consisting  of  forty  men,  but  were  deterred  from  making  a  further  advance 
by  the  timely  arrival  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  troops.  On  the  9th,  the  com- 
mand marched  to  Christiana,  arriving  in  the  evening  of  the  same  day, 
and  on  the  following  morning,  leaving  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  the 
Twenty-ninth  and  One  hundred  and  ninth  proceeded  to  Fostersville,  a 
village  on  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad,  thirteen  miles  south  of 
Murfreesboro,  which  they  were  ordered  to  fortify.  The  place  is  not 
easy  of  defence,  the  hills  around  overlooking  the  town,  near  enough 
for  long  rifle  range,  and  very  convenient  for  shells.  Wheeler's  rebel 
cavalry,  four  thousand  strong,  had  passed  through  the  place  but  a  few 
days  previous.  On  the  14th,  General  Geary  and  Colonel  Cobham  com- 
manding the  brigade,  were  in  consultation  with  Colonel  Rickards  re- 
specting the  location  and  form  of  the  fort.  A  pentagonal  work,  the  sides 
thirty  yards  long  and  seven  and  a  half  feet  high,  with  a  ditch  to  cor- 
respond, was  agreed  upon.  Five  houses  which  had  been  damaged  by 
the  enemy  had  to  be  removed  to  make  room  for  it.  The  ground  was  hard 
and  obstructed  by  large  stones,  which  very  much  impeded  the  work. 
The  men  labored  with  a  hearty  good  will.  To  hasten  its  completion  a 
requisition  for  negro  labor  and  for  ox  and  mule  teams  was  made  upon 
the  proprietors  of  neighboring  estates,  which  were  promptly  furnished. 
When  three  sides  of  the  fort  were  finished  and  the  whole  in  prospect  of 
speedy  completion,  the  command  was  ordered  to  move  by  rail  to  Stephen- 
son,  Alabama,  much  to  the  disappointment  of  the  men,  who  had  cherished 
a  pride  in  having,  when  finished,  a  piece  of  work  to  be  pointed  to  with 
satisfaction. 

The  Twenty-ninth  left  in  two  detachments,  the  first  under  command 
of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Zulick.  At  Wartrace  the  trains  halted,  to  let  an 
express  train  pass  bearing  General  Grant  to  the  front.  After  consider- 
able delay  in  ascending  the  mountain,  from  the  slipping  of  wheels  and 
want  of  motive  power,  the  trains  passed  the  tunnel  three  and  one-fourth 
miles  long  and  were  nearly  down  the  long  grade  on  the  other  side,  when 
they  were  met  by  Colonel  Innes,  superintendent  of  military  railways, 
who  ordered  the  engineers  to  back  the  trains  to  the  summit  again  to  let 
four  freight  trains  pass.  Without  taking  advantage  of  the  back  ride,  the 
Twenty-ninth  alighted  and  marched  down  to  the  foot  of  the  mountain. 
At  Stephenson,  Alabama,  a  little  muddy  village  of  a  score  of  habitations, 
the  Twenty-ninth  reported  to  General  Hooker  and  encamped  near  corps 
headquarters.  On  the  26th,  the  regiment  marched  to  Bridgeport,  where 
General  Geary  and  his  brigade  commanders  had  already  arrived.  Draw- 
ing three  days'  rations  and  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition  the  regiment 
crossed  the  Tennessee  River  on  pontoons,  and  proceeded  to  Shellmound, 


132  PENNSYLVANIA   AT 

where  is  located  the  celebrated  Nlck-a-Jack  Cave,  from  which  the  rebels 
procured  large  quantities  of  saltpetre  for  the  manufacture  of  gunpowder. 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Zulick  was  here  detailed  to  superintend  the  work- 
ing party  laying  a  pontoon  bridge,  and  constructing  a  road  leading  to  it. 
The  line  of  march  from  Shellmound  lay  through  mountain  passes,  and 
along  the  bank  of  the  Tennessee  river,  the  rocky  bluffs  rising  like  a  wall, 
to  a  height  varying  from  ten  to  three  hundred  feet  for  many  miles. 
Passing  along,  beneath  the  shadow  of  Lookout  Mountain,  the  command* 
halted  at  Wauhatchie  Junction. 

The  Twenty-ninth  was  immediately  ordered  on  picket  duty.  General 
Geary  had  designated  Wauhatchie  Junction  as  an  important  point,  and 
three  Companies,  E,  B  and  K,  under  command  of  Captain  Rickards,  were 
posted  there  with  orders  to  throw  up  rifle-pits;  two  Companies,  I  and  H, 
under  Captain  Stork,  were  sent  out  three  miles  on  the  Kelly's  Ferry  road; 
two  Companies,  A  and  F,  under  Lieutenant  Coursault,  were  posted  to 
cover  the  ground  between  the  camp  and  Lookout  Creek;  two  Companies, 
C  and  G,  were  pushed  out  a  half  mile  on  the  Brown's  Ferry  road,  and 
Company  D  was  ordered  to  the  left,  between  Stork  and  Rickards,  com- 
pleting a  continuous  line  around  the  camp. 

General  Geary,  ever  on  the  alert,  had  ordered  this  faithful  picketing  of 
his  camp,  knowing  that  his  single  division  was  isolated  from  the  rest  of 
the  corps,  but  believing  the  enemy  not  to  be  nearer  than  Lookout  Moun- 
tain; this  impression  was  confirmed  by  the  testimony  of  citizens.  The 
man  most  relied  on  for  the  correctness  of  this  report  was  a  Mr.  Rouden, 
a  magistrate  living  at  the  junction  of  the  rail  and  the  Kelly's  Ferry 
road.  Colonel  Rickards,  after  posting  his  regiment,  went  to  the  house 
of  this  man,  under  the  pretense  of  getting  bread  baked,  but  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ascertaining  more  definitely  the  exact  location  of  the  enemy; 
and  while  in  casual  conversation  with  a  woman,  learned  that  Long- 
street's  men  had  been  on  that  ground  the  day  before.  Rouden  was  Imme- 
diately taken  in  custody  and  brought  to  the  tent  of  General  Geary,  who 
soon  drew  out  the  important  information  that  there  was  a  bridge  over 
the  creek,  and  that  Longstreet's  men  were  at  that  moment  lying  just 
beyond  it  not  more  than  a  mile  and  a  quarter  from  his  camp.  Precautions 
were  immediately  taken  to  prevent  a  surprise.  Colonel  Rickards  was  dis- 
patched as  officer  of  the  day  for  this  purpose,  found  the  road  leading  to 
.the  bridge,  and  posted  his  men  on  it  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  camp, 
with  instructions  to  be  especially  watchful.  He  ordered  Captain  Millison, 
in  charge  of  the  reserve,  to  hold  them  in  readiness  to  deploy  as  skir- 

•Twenty-nlnth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  three  hundred  and  eighty-three 
men.  Colonel  William  Rickards,  Jr.:  One  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  men.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Lewis  W.  Ralston; 
One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  three  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-five men.  Major  Thos.  M.  Walker;  Seventy-eighth  Regiment,  New  York  Volunteers, 
one  hundred  and  fifty  men;  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-seventh  Regiment  New  York  Vol- 
unteers, two  hundred  men;  One  Hundred  and  Second  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers. 
Lieutenant  Colonel  James  C.  Lane;  One  Hundred  and  Forty-ninth  Regiment  New  York 
Volunteers,  three  hundred  and  eighty  men.  Lieutenant  Colonel  Charles  B.  Randall; 
Sixtieth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Major  Abel  Godard. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  133 

mishers  on  the  least  alarm.  Proceeding  on  his  rounds,  he  had  visited 
the  post  at  the  junction,  and  was  returning,  when  a  rapid  firing  was 
heard  which  seemed  to  be  in  the  direction  of  the  bridge,  where  the  enemy 
lay.  Riding  forward,  he  soon  ascertained  that  the  firing,  which  soon 
ceased,  was  beyond  his  pickets.  Returning  to  headquarters  to  report,  he 
found  the  command  under  arms  and  in  line.  All  soon  becoming  quiet, 
after  half  hour,  the  men  were  sent  to  their  quarters.  They  were  scarcely 
in,  when  firing  again  commenced  and  now  in  earnest;  for  the  rebels,  hav- 
ing watched  from  the  secure  heights  of  Lookout  Mountain  the  movements 
of  General  Geary,  thought  to  surprise  and  crush  him  by  a  night  attack, 
and  were  now  advancing  in  strong  force  without  skirmishers.  Colonel 
Rickards  rode  quickly  to  the  out-post,  and  met  his  men  falling  back,  but 
in  good  order,  contesting  the  ground  with  great  firmness  and  excellent 
effect,  giving  time  for  the  main  column  to  get  into  position.  The  One 
hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New  York  was  formed  on  the  extreme  left, 
One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  on  the  right,  One  hundred  and 
ninth  Pennsylvania  in  the  centre,  and  the  One  hundred  and  forty-ninth 
New  York  on  the  railroad  bank  at  right  angles  with  the  right  of  the  One 
hundred  and  ninth.  The  two  Companies,  C  and  G,  of  the  Twenty-ninth, 
which  had  been  driven  in  from  the  bridge,  were  posted  to  support  the  bat- 
tery, and  when  the  enemy  made  a  strong  demonstration  on  the  right, 
were  moved  to  the  railroad  bank.  The  attack  was  made  with  rebel  im- 
petuosity, and  the  men  were  falling  rapidly,  especially  in  the  battery; 
the  loss  in  horses  was  also  very  great,  thirty-five  being  killed  out  of 
forty-eight.  The  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition  with  which  the  men 
started  was  nearly  exhausted,  when  the  enemy  made  a  fresh  demonstra- 
tion on  the  right,  and  gained  possession  of  the  railroad  bank,  from  which 
they  delivered  a  galling  fire,  all  efforts  to  dislodge  them  proving  fruit- 
less. At  this  juncture  a  piece  of  the  artillery  was  taken  outside  the 
railroad  bank,  at  a  crossing  in  the  rear,  which  enfiladed  the  portion  oc- 
cupied by  the  enemy.  In  the  absence  of  horses  to  move  it,  Companies  C 
and  G,  of  the  Twenty-ninth  grasped  the  prolongs  and  soon  had  it  posted, 
when  a  few  well  directed  shots  sent  the  enemy  from  the  sheltered  position 
to  which  he  had  clung  with  such  desperate  pertinacity.  This  had  a  de- 
pressing effect  upon  him,  for  his  fire  soon  slackened,  and  the  White  Stars 
remained  masters  of  the  field.*  Companies  A  and  F,  under  Lieutenant 
Coursault,  held  the  wood  on  the  right  of  the  railroad,  and  prevented  the 
enemy  from  gaining  the  rear,  behaving  with  much  discretion  and  bravery. 

•Geary,  meanwhile,  had  been  fighting  for  three  hours,  without  assistance,  and,  al- 
though at  one  time  almost  enveloped  on  three  sides,  finally  succeeded  In  completely  re- 
pelling the  assault  on  his  front.  The  moon  shone/fitfully  into  the  valley,  and  the  com- 
mands could  often  distinguish  each  other  only  by  the  flashes  of  their  firearms.  The 
strange  echoes  of  the  cannon  among  the  hills,  and  the  muttering  of  musketry  from 
every  quarter,  alarmed  the  teamsters  of  Geary's  wagon  train,  who  deserted  their  mules, 
and  in  the  darkness  and  noise  the  animals  became  more  frightened  than  their  drivers; 
they  soon  broke  loose,  and  witli  their  tackle  dangling  and  rattling  about  their  heels, 
rushed  in  a  body  directly  towards  the  enemy.  This  augmented  the  confusion  of  the 
rebels,  who  supposed  it  to  be  an  attack  of  cavalry,  and  their  rout  was  rendered 
inglorious  hy  the  assistance  of  a  pack  of  mules.— Military  History  of  Grant,  Badeau, 
pages  449  and  450. 


134  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

The  enemy  had  already  turned  our  left  flank  and  captured  the  wagon 
train.  But  this  instead  of  a  disaster  was  accounted  a  gain;  for  the 
enemy  fell  to  plundering  and  was  slaughtered  in  great  numbers  by  the 
artillery  which  was  immediately  turned  upon  him.  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Zulick,  of  the  Twenty-ninth,  coming  up  soon  after  with  a  small  force 
which  he  had  collected,  re-captured  it  and  brought  it  to  the  rear.  From 
the  fact  that  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  was  distributed  around  the 
camp  on  the  picket  line,  the  loss  was  comparatively  light,  and  was 
principally  in  the  two  Companies,  C  and  G,  picketing  the  road  on  which 
the  enemy  advanced.  The  loss  was  one  killed,  five  wounded  and  one 
missing. 

The  conduct  of  this  handful  of  men,  struggling  in  the  darkness,  in 
tangled  wilds,  on  unknown  ground,  against  a  powerful,  veteran  division 
of  Longstreet's  army,  familiar  with  every  foot  of  ground  and  rejoicing  in 
a  knowledge  of  the  weakness  of  its  foe,  was  most  heroic.  The  personal 
bravery  and  skill  of  the  commander  was  everywhere  manifest,  and  his 
presence  felt  in  every  part  of  the  line.  Often  amidst  the  darkness  was 
his  voice  heard  ordering  up  fresh  troops,  which  never  came;  but  at  every 
order  the  men  cheered  the  voice  of  their  General  most  lustily,  the  de- 
ception producing  the  same  effect  upon  the  imaginations  of  foe  as  though 
the  solid  columns  were  actually  moving  forward  and  taking  their  places 
in  the  shattered  lines.  The  battery,  posted  on  a  little  knoll  in  the  midst 
of  the  camp,  did  signal  service,  and  was  the  special  object  of  the  enemy's 
fire,  the  rebel  officers  being  repeatedly  heard  ordering  their  men  to  con- 
centrate their  fire  upon  It.  "The  men  and  officers  of  Knap's  Battery," 
says  Colonel  Rickards,  "acted  nobly.  Lieutenant  Geary,  son  of  our  Gen- 
eral, was  killed  at  my  side,  shot  through  the  brain  at  the  instant  he 
commenced  fire  after  aiming  his  gun.  His  was  a  serious  loss  to  the  ser- 
vice; Captain  Atwell  was  badly  wounded  in  the  hip  and  spine;  most 
of  the  sergeants  were  killed  or  wounded.  The  infantry  had  sixty  rounds 
of  ammunition  and  none  in  the  train.  When  this  was  expended  the  killed 
and  wounded  were  searched  for  a  supply." 

The  attack  was  made  by  General  Bratton  of  Longstreet's  Corps,  who 
on  the  evening  previous,  in  company  with  Generals  Polk,  Longstreet, 
Breckinridge,  Hood,  Cheatham  and  Cleburne,  from  a  lofty  station  on 
Lookout  Mountain,  had  watched  the  progress  of  Geary's  troops,  and 
had  planned  a  surprise  which  it  was  confidently  anticipated  would  anni- 
hilate it.  None  but  White  Stars  were  engaged  who  proved  themselves 
equal  in  this  fiery  ordeal  to  thrice  their  number  of  the  enemy's  best 
troops.  The  first  firing  of  the  pickets  commenced  at  half  past  eleven  P. 
M.,  and  the  struggle  ended  at  half  past  two  A.  M.  The  firing  ceased  and 
the  command  immediately  commenced  fortifying  their  position.*  Gen- 

•The  rebel  authorities  were  greatly  chagrined  at  this  achievement,  and  their  news- 
papers were  full  of  lamentations.  Mr.  Jefferson  Davis  had  visited  Lookout  Mountain 
only  a  week  before,  and  feasted  his  eyes  with  the  sight  of  the  national  army,  shut  up 
among  the  hills,  like  an  animal  ready  for  slaughter;  and  now,  at  a  single  stroke  the 
prey  had  been  snatched  from  his  grasp.  The  door  for  relief  was  open,  and  from  a  be- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  136 

eral  Howard  and  staff  soon  after  rode  in,  and  at  five  o'clock  Hecker's 
Brigade  of  Howard's  Corps  arrived.  General  Hooker  came  at  nine,  ex- 
pressing much  surprise  at  the  evidence  of  the  hard  fighting.  The  rebel 
killed  left  on  the  field  were  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven,  and  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty-five  prisoners  were  taken,  most  of  whom  were  wounded. 
Estimating  the  rebel  wounded  according  to  the  usual  ratio  of  killed  to 
wounded,  and  their  total  loss  could  not  have  fallen  much  short  of  one 
thousand.  The  rebel  forces  engaged  numbered  five  thousand  strong, 
while  the  Union  strength  was  only  fourteen  hundred  and  sixty-three,  or 
little  exceeding  thirteen  hundred  muskets,  a  number  not  much  above 
the  loss  of  the  enemy. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  29th,  the  regiment  was  relieved  and  marched  to 
Wauhatchie  Junction,  being  vigorously  shelled  on  the  way  by  the  rebels 
on  Lookout  Mountain,  but  without  effect  except  in  the  wounding  of  two 
mules.  The  shelling  was  continued  until  the  31st,  when  the  brigade  was 
ordered  to  take  position  and  fortify  a  hill  at  the  foot  of  Raccoon  Moun- 
tain, on  the  right  of  the  Kelly's  Ferry  road  facing  Lookout. 

Lookout  Mountain  was  still  well  fortified  and  firmly  held  by  the  enemy. 

sieged  and  isolated  army,  the  force  in  Chattanooga  had  suddenly  become  the  assailant. 
It  xvas  Bragg  who  was  now  on  the  defensive.— Military  History  of  Grant,  Badeau, 
page  451. 

The  army  felt  as  if  It  had  been  miraculously  relieved.  Its  spirit  revived  at  once, 
the  depressior  of  Chickamauga  was  shaken  off,  and  the  unshackled  giant  stood  erect. — 
Military  History  of  Grant,  Badeau,  page  452. 

Extract  from  Major  General  Hooker's  Report. 

Headquarters,  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps, 

Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
Lookout  Valley,  Tennessee,  November  6,  1863. 

•  *       *       During   these   operations,    a  heavy   musketry   flre,    with   occasional   dis- 
charges of  artillery,  continued  to  reach  us  from  Geary.    It  was  evident  that  a  formid- 
able adversary  had  gathered  around  him,   and  that  he  was  battering  him  with  all  his 
might.    For  aln;ost  three  hours,  without  assistance  he  repelled  the  repeated  attacks  of 
vastly  superior  numbers,  and  in  the  end  drove  them  ingloriously  from  the  field.    At  one 
time  they  had  enveloped  him  on  three  sides,  under  circumstances  that  would  have  dis- 
mayed any  officer  except  one  endowed  with  an  iron  will  and  the  most  exalted  courage. 
Such  is  the  character  of  General  Geary.    With  this  ended  the  fight.    We  had  repelled 
every  attack,  carried  every  point  assaulted,  thrown  the  enemy  headlong  over  the  river, 
and  more  than  all,   secured  our  new  communications  for  the  time  being,  peradventure. 
*       *       •       The  force  opposed  to  us  consisted  of  two  of  Longstreet's  Divisions,  and  cor- 
responded in  numbers  to  our  corps.    From  the  prisoners  we  learn  that  they  had  watched 
th<;  column  as  it  descended  the  valley,  and  confidently  counted  on  its  annihilation.    »    •    • 

JOSEPH  HOOKER. 
Major  General   Commanding. 
Moore's  Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  7,  Docs.,  p.  584. 

Extract  from  Major  General  Thomas'  Report. 

Headquarters,   Department  of  the  Cumberland, 
Chattanooga,  October  30,  1863. 

•  »       •       The  repulse  by  Geary's  Division  of  greatly  superior  numbers,   who  at- 
tempted to  surprise  him,  will  rank  among  the  most  distinguished  feats  of  arms  of  this 
war. 

GEORGE  H.  THOMAS, 
Major  General  Commanding. 
Moore's  Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  7,  Docs.,  p.  588. 


136  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Its  summit  was  only  accessible  for  a  distance  of  twenty  miles  up  the  val- 
ley, by  two  or  three  trails  admitting  the  passage  of  but  one  man  at  a 
time,  and  these  were  securely  held.  Its  palisaded  crest  and  steep,  rugged, 
rocky  and  deeply  furrowed  slopes  seemed  of  themselves  to  present  insur- 
mountable obstacles  to  the  advance  of  an  assaulting  column;  to  these 
were  added  almost  interminable,  well-planned  and  well-constructed  de- 
fences. But  a  demonstration  was  to  be  made  upon  it. 

On  the  24th  of  November,  the  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  was  ordered  to 
report  at  division  headquarters,  without  knapsacks  and  with  one  day's 
rations,  for  the  purpose  of  joining  in  the  assault.  The  Second  Division 
marched  to  Wauhatchie  Junction  at  five  in  the  morning,  where  the 
troops,  to  form  the  party,  were  drawn  up  between  the  railroad  and  the 
creek,  the  Second  Brigade,  composed  of  the  Twenty-ninth  and  One  hun- 
dred and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  (the  One  hundred  and  ninth  being  left 
to  guard  the  camp),  on  the  right,  the  Third  Brigade  in  the  centre  and  the 
First  Brigade  on  the  left.  The  pioneers  and  a  detail  from  the  Twenty- 
ninth  built  a  bridge  across  the  creek,  and  the  movement  commenced 
at  seven  and  a  half  o'clock  A.  M.  The  column  advanced  up  the  side  of 
the  mountain  until  the  Twenty-ninth  reached  the  wall  of  rocks  which 
surmounts  the  slope,  when  it  fronted  and  advanced  in  line  of  battle  ex- 
tending from  the  crest  to  the  flat  near  Lookout  Creek;  Whilaker's  Brig- 
ade of  the  Fourth  Corps  followed  as  a  second  supporting  line,  at  a  distance 
of  three  or  four  hundred  yards.*  The  side  of  the  mountain  is  cut  in  deep 
ravines  impeded  by  huge  rocks;  but  the  march  was  conducted  in  excel- 
lent order,  the  men  scrambling  over  the  obstructions  and  keeping  their 
places  in  the  line  with  an  unabated  ardor.  Colonel  Rickards  deployed 
Companies  C  and  E,  Captains  Millison  and  Sorber,  as  skirmishers,  and 
soon  met  the  skirmishers  of  the  enemy,  who  became  very  troublesome, 
firing  from  their  coverts  behind  rocks  and  hedges.  After  advancing 
about  a  mile,  the  reserve  of  the  enemy's  first  line  was  met  and  the  firing 
became  continuous.  At  this  point,  leading  on  his  men  with  determined 
bravery,  Captain  Millison  was  wounded  in  the  arm  and  side,  and  was 
carried  from  the  field.  The  enemy  now  appeared  on  the  right  of  the  line 
firing  through  a  gorge,  and  soon  after  a  large  body  passed  down  a  slope 
leading  to  the  flank.  The  Twenty-ninth  was  immediately  ordered  to 
change  front  to  rear  on  left  company,  which  was  executed  with  skill 
and  steadiness,  the  enemy  meeting  a  full  front  when  he  expected  to  fall 
upon  our  unprotected  rear.  Their  first  volley  was  fortunately  too  high, 
when,  finding  a  force  unterrified  and  ready  to  receive  them,  they  threw 
down  their  arms  and  held  up  their  hands  in  token  of  surrender.  The 
line  was  ordered  to  withhold  its  fire,  when  two  hundred  and  seventy,  in- 
cluding many  officers,  were  sent  to  the  rear.  The  left  wing,  changing 
front  forward,  and  the  right  moving  by  the  left  flank,  parallel  to  the 

'Geary's  Division,  supported  by  Whltaker*s  Brigade  of  Cruft's  Division,  was  ordered 
to  proceed  up  the  valley,  cross  the  creek  near  Wauhatchie,  and  then  march  down, 
sweeping  the  rebels  from  the  right  bank  of  the  stream.— Military  History  of  Grant, 
Badeau,  page  488. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  137 

crest  of  the  mountain,  the  regiment  again  advanced.  The  enemy,  se- 
creted in  the  gorges  and  behind  rocks,  now  began  to  surrender  in  squads 
of  from  five  to  fifty.  The  captures  becoming  so  numerous  as  to  require 
too  many  men  to  send  sufficient  guards  with  them,  they  were  sent 
back  to  General  W'hitaker's  command  for  safe  transfer  to  the  rear. 

The  line  continued  to  advance*  with  surprising  steadiness,  and  soon 
came  in  sight  of  the  enemy's  breast-works.  The  trees  had  been  cut  down 
with  the  expectation  that  they  would  form  an  insurmountable  obstacle 
to  further  progress  to  an  advancing  column;  but  in  the  zeal  and  1m- 
petuousity  of  the  troops,  the  obstruction  was  scarcely  noticed,  crawling 
beneath  or  clambering  over  as  best  they  could,  and  clinging  close  to  the 
White  Star  line.  The  ravine  in  the  side  of  the  mountain,  which,  from  the 
opposite  side  of  Lookout  creek  seemed  an  insignificant  indentation, 
proved  to  be  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  feet,  with  precipituous  sides. 
While  the  Third  Brigade  was  attacking  the  enemy  in  the  breast-works, 
the  Second,  which  was  far  above  them,  pushed  on  to  the  point  of  the 
mountain  where  in  the  turn  which  it  made  it  had  the  shortest  line  and 
arrived  first,  the  colors  of  the  Twenty-ninth  being  planted  on  the  highest 
attainable  point  of  the  mountain,  and  from  which  the  enemy  was  com- 
pletely outflanked.  They  had  thought  their  position  unapproachable,  and 
were  holding  in  fancied  security  their  stronghold  in  the  clouds,  when  the 
White  Star  Division  broke  in  to  their  rear,  compelling  the  abandonment 
of  their  works  and  securing  the  virtual  capture  of  the  mountain.  The 
Second  Brigade  halted  here,  but  skirmishers  were  sent  out,  who,  with 
those  of  the  Third  Brigade,  captured  two  pieces  of  artillery  which  the 
enemy  had  posted  on  the  hill  east  of  the  point.  The  Second  Brigade  was 
ordered  to  move  on  around  the  mountain,  but  found  the  hill  too  steep 
to  move  in  line.  Searching  in  vain  for  some  pass  by  which  to  reach  the 
heights  above,  it  was  met  by  a  body  of  the  enemy's  skirmishers  who 
were  driven  back  and  several  captured.  Advancing  nearly  half  a  mile,  a 
heavy  line  of  the  enemy  was  discovered  and  dispositions  were  imme- 
diately made  to  attack  upon  the  flank,  while  another  line  advancing 
from  below,  attacked  in  front;  but  heavy  clouds  settling  down  around  the 
mountain  so  dense  as  to  shut  out  the  light  of  the  midday,  rendered  it 
impossible  to  distinguish  friend  from  foe.f  Though  much  annoyed  by 
sharpshooters  from  the  opposite  side  and  from  the  summit  of  the  moun- 
tain, the  command  was  ordered  to  cease  firing  and  to  fortify  wherever 

*Simultaneously  with  these  operations,  th«  troops  of  Geary  were  pushing  up  the 
mountain;  his  right  passed  directly  under  the  muzzles  of  the  enemy's  guns  on  the 
summit,  climbing  over  ledges  and  boulders,  up  hill  and  down,  dislodging  the  enemy 
wherever  he  attempted  to  make  a  st&nd.— Military  History  of  Grant,  Badeau,  page  499. 

tAt  two  o'clock  operations  were  arrested  by  darkness.  The  clouds  which  had  moved 
over  and  enveloped  the  summit,  and  favored  the  movements  of  Hooker,  had  been  gradu- 
ally settling,  lower  and  lower,  and  from  the  moment  that  the  peak  of  the  mountain 
was  rounded,  it  was  only  from  the  rattle  of  musketry  and  the  flashes  of  fire  through  the 
clouds,  or  the  occasional  glimpses  of  lines  or  standards,  as  the  fog  rose  or  fell,  that 
those  in  the  valley  could  trace  the  progress  of  the  battle.  At  four,  Hooker  informed  his 
Immediate  superior  that  his  line  was  impregnable,  and  commanded  the  enemy's  de- 
fenses with  an  enfilading  fire.  Lookout  Mountain  was  carried. — Military  History  of 
Grant,  Badeau.  page  500. 


138  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

space  could  be  found  for  one  stone  to  lay  upon  another.  The  friendly 
clouds  so  shielded  the  men  that  only  one  was  hit.  The  Twenty-ninth  re- 
mained In  this  position  until  nine  o'clock  P.  M.,  when  It  was  relieved, 
and  moving1  to  the  slope  of  the  mountain  the  men  sat  down  to  their  first 
meal  for  the  day.  The  loss  was  three  killed  and  six  wounded.  The 
enemy  evacuated  his  works  which  had  now  become  untenable,  and  fled 
during  the  night.  On  the  following  morning  a  ladder  was  discovered 
which  the  enemy  had  used  in  climbing  to  the  summit.  Several  parties 
from  different  regiments  were  dispatched,  by  direction  of  General  Geary, 
to  ascend,  who  carried  a  flag  with  them  and  unfurled  it  upon  the  topmost 
height.  As  it  floated  out  upon  the  pure  air  of  the  mid-heavens,  a  cheer 
was  sent  up  from  the  troops  encamped  below,  awakening  the  echoes  along 
all  the  hills,  a  fitting  climax  to  the  Battle  Above  the  Clouds.* 

On  the  morning  of  the  25th,  the  brigade  advanced  diagonally  across  the 
Chattanooga  Valley  to  Rossville  Pass.  The  enemy  was  posted  on  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  \\ith  artillery,  resisting  the  advance  of  Thomas  and  Sher- 
man. Moving  north  along  the  foot  of  the  ridge,  the  brigade  formed  in  line 
and  advanced  up  the  mountain  till  it  had  reached  a  point  in  the  rear  of 
the  rebels,  when,  finding  themselves  surrounded  they  began  to  throw 


•Extract  from  General  Hooker's  Official  Report. 

•  •       *       During  the  night  the  enemy  had  quietly  abandoned  the  mountain,  leav- 
ing behind  twenty  thousand  rations,  the  camp  and  garrison  equipage  of  three  brigades, 
and  other  material.       *       •       * 

JOSEPH  HOOKER, 
Major  General  Commanding. 
Moore's  Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  8,  Docs.,  p.  213. 

Extract   from   General   Thomas'    Official   Report. 

•  *       •       By  four  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  24th,  General  Hooker  reported  his 
troops  In  position  and  ready  to  advance.    Finding  Lookout  Creek  so  much  swollen  as  to 
be  Impassable,   he  sent  Geary's   Division,   supported  by  Cruft's  two  brigades  to  cross 
the  creek  at  Wauhatehle  and  work  down  on  the  right  bank,  while  he  employed  the  re- 
mainder of  his  force  In  constructing  temporary  bridges  across  the  creek  on  the  main 
road.    The  enemy  being  attracted  by  the  force  on  the  road  until  his  column  was  directly 
on  their  left  and  threatened  their  rear.    Hooker's  movements  were  facilitated  by  the 
heavy  mist  which  overhung  the  mountain,  enabling  Geary  to  get  Into  position  without 
attracting   attention.    Finding  himself  vigorously   pushed   by  a   strong  column  on  his 
left  and  rear,   the  enemy  began  t<>  fall  back  with  rapidity;  but  his  resistance  was  ob- 
stinate, and  the  entire  point  of  the  mountain  was  not  carried  until  about  two  P.  M., 
when  General  Hooker  reported  by  telegraph  that  he  had  carried  the  mountain  as  far  as 
the  road  from  Chattanooga  Valley  to  White  House.    Soon  after  his  main  column  coming 
up,  his  line  was  extended  to  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  near  the  mouth  of  Chattanooga 
Creek.       •       *       •       Continuous  and  heavy  skirmishing  was  kept  up  In  Hooker's  front 
until  ten  at  night,  after  which  there  was  an  unusual  quietness  along  our  whole  front. 
•       •       •       Instructions  were  sent  to  General  Hooker  to  be  ready  to  advance,  on  the 
morning  of  the  25th,   from  his  position  on  the  point  of  Lookout  Mountain  to  the  Sum- 
mertown  road,    and  endeavor  to  Intercept  the  enemy's  retreat,    if  he  had  not  already 
withdrawn,  which  he  was  to  ascertain  by  pushing  a  reconnoissance  to  the  top  of  Look- 
out Mountain.    The  reconnoissance  was  made  as  directed  and  It  was  ascertained  that 
the  enemy  had  evacuated  during  the  night.    •    •    • 

GEORGE  H.  THOMAS, 
Major  General  Commanding. 
Moore's  Rebellion  Record,   Vol.  8,  Docs.,   p.  20S. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  139 

down  their  arms  and  surrender.*  An  entire  brigade  was  here  captured 
and  its  vacated  quarters  were  occupied  by  the  victorious  column.  On 
the  following  morning  the  command  returned  to  the  Rossville  pass,  mov- 
ing through,  crossed  Chickamauga  Creek  at  dark,  attacking  the  rear 
of  the  enemy.  At  nine  P.  M.,  a  heavy  picket  force  of  the  enemy  was  met 
and  captured  with  three  brass  pieces  and  several  caissons.  Remaining 
in  line  of  battle  during  the  night,  at  early  dawn  the  pursuit  was  re- 
sumed. The  roads  were  very  heavy,  and  several  caissons  of  Furguson's 
rebel  battery,  broken  down  and  left  by  the  way,  were  picked  up.  Heavy 
firing  was  heard  in  the  direction  of  Ringgold,  and  the  infantry  was 
hurried  forward,  the  artillery  being  detained  for  the  building  of  the 
bridge  across  the  Chickamauga.  At  the  pass  through  Taylor's  Ridge, 
near  Ringgold,  the  enemy  had  made  a  stand,  and  was  strongly  posted  in 
the  gap  in  the  form  of  the  sides  of  an  acute  angle,  and  on  the  hills  over- 
looking the  town.  The  troops  of  the  Fourth  Corps  were  already  engaged 
and  had  suffered  severely.  The  First  Brigade  was  ordered  up  the  hill 
to  the  support  of  the  regiments  that  had  been  driven  back,  but  the 
enemy  soon  flanked  their  position  and  delivered  a  destructive  fire,  killing 
Colonel  Creighton,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Crane  and  many  other  officers  and 
men.  The  Second  Brigade  was  then  ordered  by  General  Hooker  to  posi- 
tion in  a  small  chaparral  in  front  of,  and  to  the  right  of  the  railroad  de- 
pot, with  instructions  to  lie  down,  not  to  fire  till  the  enemy  came  within 
short  range,  and  to  hold  the  position  to  the  last  extremity.  The  Twenty- 
ninth  Iowa,  occupying  the  right  of  the  line,  having  lost  its  Colonel  and 
being  hard  pressed,  gave  way,  exposing  the  right  flank;  but  at  this  junc- 
ture the  Third  Brigade  came  up,  and  following  close  the  artillery,  which 
was  soon  brought  into  position,  ended  the  fight  by  a  few  well  directed 
shells.  The  attack  had  been  made  with  infantry  alone,  as  the  bridge 
across  Chickamauga  Creek  could  not  be  completed  in  time  to  bring  up 
the  artillery.  The  enemy  made  this  stand  for  the  purpose  of  gaining 
time  for  his  trains  to  escape. 

On  the  29th,  Colonel  Rickards  was  ordered  to  proceed  with  his  own 
regiment,  Knap's  Battery,  and  a  train  of  twelve  wagons  to  Chattanooga. 
A  detail  had  been  sent  to  take  the  severely  wounded,  by  cars  found 
standing  upon  the  road,  to  Chickamauga  Station.  Having  proceeded 
several  miles  over  bad  roads,  an  order  was  received  to  return  with  the 
battery,  arriving  again  at  Ringgold  at  dark  after  a  hard  and  fruitless 
day's  march.  The  regiment  was  quartered  in  the  court  house,  the  offi- 
ces being  occupied'  by  the  officers.  By  order  of  General  Hooker,  the 
engines  of  a  mill  in  the  vicinity  of  Ringgold  were  taken  down  and  sent 
to  Chattanooga,  the  work  being  performed  by  details  from  the  Twenty- 
ninth.  From  Ringgold,  Geary's  Division  returned  around  the  foot  of 
Lookout  Mountain  to  its  old  camp  in  Lookout  Valley,  having  been  ab- 

*But  such  was  the  Impetuosity  of  Hooker's  advance  that  their  front  line  was  routed 
before  an  opportunity  was  allowed  even  to  prepare  a  determined  resistance.  The  bulk 
of  the  rebel  left  now  sought  refuge  behind  a  second  line,  and  thence  •was  driven  out,  till 
the  flight  became  almost  a  running  one. — Military  History  of  Grant,  Badeau,  page  513. 

10 


140  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

sent  eleven  days,  fighting  and  marching  over  difficult  roads,  the  men 
without  blankets,  and  many  without  shoes. 

The  proposition  of  the  government  for  veteran  volunteers  was  pub- 
lished early  in  December,  and  measures  were  immediately  taken  by  the 
officers  of  the  Twenty-ninth  to  have  it  mustered  as  a  veteran  organiza- 
tion. On  the  9th  of  December,  it  was  drawn  up  in  line  to  receive  the 
agents  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  King,  Surgeon  General,  Dr.  Ken- 
nedy and  Mr.  Francis,  sent  by  Governor  Curtin,  to  look  after  the  welfare 
of  her  soldiers.  Eloquent  speeches  were  made  by  each  of  them,  which 
were  responded  to  in  behalf  of  the  soldiers  by  General  Geary.  On  the  fol- 
lowing day  two  hundred  and  ninety  members  of  the  regiment  re-enlisted 
and  were  mustered  for  a  second  term  as  veterans,  a  number  consider- 
ably in  excess  of  that  required  to  secure  the  continuance  of  the  or- 
ganization. The  prompt  action  of  the  men  secured  to  them  the  honor 
of  forming  the  first  veteran  regiment  in  the  service  of  the  United  States. 
On  the  12th,  the  division  was  drawn  up  in  line  to  give  the  regiment  a 
parting  salute,  when  the  General  expressed  his  high  appreciation  of  its 
past  services,  and  his  regrets  at  parting  with  it,  but  commended  their 
determination  to  become  veterans. 

On  the  13th  of  December,  the  regiment  moved  by  rail  from  Bridgeport, 
Alabama,  and  arrived  in  Philadelphia  on  the  27th.  A  committee  of 
citizens  met  the  train  at  White  Hall,  and  upon  its  arrival  in  the  city 
a  salute  was  fired,  and  the  military  were  out  in  large  numbers  for  its 
escort  to  the  National  Guard  Hall,  where  it  was  received  in  an  address 
of  welcome  delivered  by  J.  Price  Wetherill,  Esq.  The  streets  were 
hung  with  evergreens  and  in  many  places  where  the  procession  was  to 
pass,  arches  were  erected  and  wreaths  inclosing  patriotic  mottoes  were 
suspended  from  prominent  points,  showing  that  the  services  of  the  sol- 
diers had  not  failed  of  appreciation.  After  partaking  of  a  fine  collation 
at  the  Cooper  Shop  Refreshment  Saloon,  the  men  dispersed.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  regiment  who  had  not  been  in  the  service  three  years  and  who 
had  been  left  in  the  field,  arrived  on  the  31st,  having  agreed  to  re-enlist 
after  being  two  years  in  the  service,  and  were  given  the  same  furloughs 
as  veterans.  During  the  veteran  furlough  the  organization  received 
many  attentions  from  the  people  of  Philadelphia.  Bountiful  entertain- 
ments were  prepared  for  them  on  several  occasions,  and  amidst  the 
feasts  and  rejoicings  of  those  days,  alas!  too  short,  they  forgot  their 
hard  marches  and  their  supperless  nights. 

Recruiting  stations  were  opened  in  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  29th  of 
February,  the  regiment  rendezvoused  at  Chester,  where  recruits  were 
sent  as  fast  as  procured.  On  the  31st  of  March,  the  regiment,  consisting 
of  twenty-one  officers  and  five  hundred  and  eighty-eight  men,  moved  by 
rail  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  thence  to  Sherman's  army,  preparing 
to  move  on  Atlanta  and  destined  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  civilized 
world  by  the  brilliancy  of  its  achievements.  The  first  sound  that  greeted 
the  ears  of  the  men  on  emerging  from  the  cars,  was  the  booming  of 
cannon  in  the  direction  of  Tullahoma.  On  the  2d  of  April,  the  command 


CKICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  141 

drew  three  thousand  rounds  of  ammunition  and  eight  days'  rations.  The 
holidays  were  over  and  earnest  work  was  to  begin.  On  the  9th  of  April, 
the  command  reached  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  and  reported  to  General 
Geary.  It  was  assigned  with  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsyl- 
vania, to  the  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Twentieth  Corps,  composed 
of  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  consolidated,  and  commanded  by 
General  Hooker.  Taking  up  the  line  of  march  on  the  4th  of  May,  over 
the  old  ground  through  Lookout  Valley  and  across  Lookout  Mountain 
where  the  national  banner  was  triumphantly  planted  a  few  weeks  before, 
amidst  a  storm  of  battle  rarely  equalled,  it  encountered  the  enemy  in 
force  at  Buzzard's  Roost.  At  Rocky  Face  Ridge  the  regiment  joined  the 
division,  where  our  troops  had  engaged  the  enemy  with  heavy  loss.  On 
the  9th  the  division  was  placed  in  line  and  breast-works  erected,  the 
Twenty-ninth  being  thrown  forward  as  skirmishers.  Heavy  firing  was 
at  this  time  heard  on  the  left  of  the  line  towards  Tunnel  Hill.  Marching 
and  fortifying  by  the  way,  and  almost  daily  engaging  the  enemy,  Geary's 
Division  reached  a  point  on  the  Dalton  and  Resaca  road  on  the  14th,  and 
was  formed  in  line  of  battle.  The  Twenty-ninth  took  position  on  the  ex- 
treme left  of  the  army,  and  built  strong  breast-works  facing  north  and 
east.  On  the  following  day  it  moved  to  the  right  of  the  Fourth  Corps, 
and  was  pushed  forward  to  a  hill  in  front  of  a  strong  breast-work  of  the 
enemy,  where  he  had  made  a  decided  stand.  General  Geary  ordered 
these  works  to  be  charged.  Colonel  Rickards  pushed  forward  with  the 
Twenty-ninth  for  this  purpose  and  was  met  with  a  most  deadly  fire, 
killing  and  wounding  over  sixty  of  his  men.  Finding  it  impossible  to 
carry  the  works,  the  men  were  ordered  to  lie  down  and  pick  off  the 
enemy  as  they  showed  themselves  above  their  fortifications.  But  it  was 
impossible  to  gain  cover,  and  after  a  short  time  they  were  directed  to  fall 
back.  This  they  did  crawling  on  their  hands  and  knees.  At  four  P.  M., 
the  enemy  assumed  the  offensive,  Stephenson's  Division  charging  on  our 
front,  but  were  handsomely  repulsed.  Soon  after  Colonel  Ireland,  then 
in  command  of  the  brigade,  was  wounded  by  a  fragment  of  a  shell,  and 
Colonel  Rickards,  of  the  Twenty-ninth  succeeded  him.  The  brea.-jt- 
works  were  strengthened  and  the  undergrowth  in  front  cleared.  Heavy 
firing  continued  for  some  time  on  the  right,  but  at  length  died  away. 
Hooker's  Corps  had  taken  four  guns  and  some  prisoners  and  compelled 
the  enemy  to  abandon  Resaca. 

The  enemy  continued  to  fall  back  behind  fortified  positions,  and  was 
steadily  turned  out  of  them  by  the  manoeuvres  of  Sherman,  until  he 
reached  a  point  in  the  rear  of  Pumpkin  Vine  Creek,  which  he  stubbornly 
contested.  Geary's  Division  of  Hooker's  Corps  was  the  first  to  cross, 
reaching  the  burning  bridge  just  in  time  to  save  it  from  entire  destruction 
and  causing  it  to  be  quickly  repaired.  The  Twenty-ninth,  with  the 
brigade,  was  ordered  to  advance  at  six  P.  M.,  on  the  25th  of  May,  upon 
the  enemy's  lines,  and  relieve  the  Fifth  Ohio,  which  had  been  briskly 
engaged.  The  enemy's  breast-works  were  within  musket  range,  but  it 
was  dark  and  the  men  could  only  fire  by  the  flash  of  his  guns.  The 


142  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Twenty-ninth  had  two  men  killed  and  thirteen  wounded.  On  the  follow- 
ing morning  the  regiment  rejoined  the  brigade,  which  had  failed  to  get 
into  position  on  the  previous  evening,  and  moved  to  the  right  where  It 
was  engaged  in  fortifying.  On  the  27th,  Sherman  ordered  all  the  batteries 
of  the  Fourth,  Twentieth  and  Twenty-third  Corps  to  open  at  seven  in  the 
morning,  and  continue  their  fire  until  nine.  In  the  meantime  General 
Thomas  was  ordered  to  wheel  to  the  right  and  take  the  heights  com- 
manding the  Marietta  road,  the  Twenty-third  Corps  to  support  the 
Fourth,  General  McPherson  joining  the  division  of  General  Jeff.  C.  Davis, 
to  connect  with  Hooker,  while  the  latter  was  to  assault  and  gain  such 
points  in  his  immediate  front  as  he  should  deem  advisable.  The  part  of 
the  line  which  he  occupied  being  opposite  the  enemy's  strongest  works, 
it  was  not  deemed  prudent  to  assault,  but  to  hold  firmly  his  position. 
The  skirmishers  of  the  Twenty-ninth  alone  expended  ten  thousand 
rounds  of  ammunition.  On  the  28th,  the  regiment  was  relieved  from  the 
front  by  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  having  been  four  days  under 
fire,  and  moved  thirty  paces  to  the  rear,  where  it  was  engaged  in  con- 
structing breast-works  to  resist  the  shots  which  came  thick  and  fast 
from  the  enemy's  line.  Several  attacks  were  made  during  the  day  by  his 
skirmishers,  but  were  in  every  case  repulsed.  On  the  1st  of  June,  the 
division  was  relieved  by  the  Fifteenth  Corps,  and  moved  to  the  left, 
having  been  eight  days  under  fire,  losing  daily,  the  strain  and  excitement 
telling  heavily  upon  the  men.  At  noon  of  the  2d  it  was  ordered  to  move 
across  the  Acworth  road,  through  thick  woods,  and  take  position  in  line 
where  a  battle  was  raging  with  great  violence.  While  moving  a  terrific 
thunder  storm  prevailed,  attended  with  a  deluging  rain.  In  the  midst 
of  the  storm  the  Twenty-third  Corps  charged  the  enemy  and  drove  him 
from  his  breast-works,  occupying  a  hill  which  commanded  a  ravine  in 
front.  The  position  of  the  Twenty-ninth  was  here  on  the  extreme  left 
of  the  line.  The  enemy  finding  himself  out-flanked,  fell  back  from  his 
strong  works  at  New  Hope  Church  to  others  between  Pine  Hill  and  Lost 
Mountain,  and  again  awaited  the  onward  march  of  the  National  army. 
On  the  13th  of  June,  the  Twenty-ninth  came  into  position  in  front  of 
Pine  Hill,  where  breast-works  were  thrown  up  and  pickets  posted.  At 
noon  of  the  14th,  the  works  having  been  completed,  the  batteries  were 
brought  into  position,  and  soon  silenced  and  drove  away  the  enemy's  guns 
on  the  hill.  Knap's  Battery,  now  commanded  by  Captain  McGill,  did 
excellent  service.  General  Sherman  was  present  in  the  works  watching 
the  effect  of  the  shells  on  the  enemy,  who,  as  the  batteries  opened,  scat- 
tered in  a  manner  which  did  great  credit  to  their  capacity  for  locomotion. 
On  the  night  of  the  15th,  the  enemy  evacuated  Pine  Hill,  but  imme- 
diately took  a  strong  position  to  the  right,  on  Kenesaw  Mountain.  The 
brigade  was  moved  to  a  field  on  the  right  and  front  of  Pine  Knob,  where 
it  was  formed  in  two  lines  and  moved  forward,  driving  the  enemy's  skir- 
mishers. While  charging  the  rebel  lines  in  this  position,  Colonel  Rickards 
received  a  severe  wound  from  an  enemy's  sharpshooter,  supposed  at  the 
time  to  be  mortal,  and  was  borne  from  the  field.  The  command  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  143 

Twenty-ninth  then  devolved  on  Major  Millison,  in  the  absence  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Zulick.  Upon  his  return  the  latter  assumed  command, 
and  subsequently  upon  the  discharge  of  Colonel  Rickards  on  account  of 
his  wounds,  he  was  commissioned  Colonel:  Major  George  E.  Johnson  was 
promoted  to  be  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  Robert  P.  Dechert,  of 
Company  C,  to  be  Major.  The  position  at  Kenesaw  proved  to  be  one  of 
great  strength,  the  enemy  repelling  every  assault  with  great  slaughter; 
but  another  flank  movement  by  General  McPherson's  command  brought 
him  out  of  it  in  a  single  night.  The  Twenty-ninth  lost  two  killed  and  a 
number  wounded  in  the  operations  in  front  of  Kenesaw. 

On  the  22d  of  July,  Sherman's  army  arrived  in  front  of  Atlanta.  His 
left  wing  was  heavily  attacked  by  Hood,  who  had  now  succeeded  John- 
son in  command  of  the  rebel  army,  but  was  repulsed  with  fearful  loss. 
By  skillful  manoeuvering  and  hard  fighting  Sherman  succeeded  in  so  re- 
ducing the  rebel  force  as  to  cause  it  to  flee  before  him,  and  on  the  morn- 
ing of  September  1,  his  triumphant  columns  entered  the  city  of  At- 
lanta, the  prize  for  which  during  a  hundred  days  he  had  marched  and 
fought.  In  the  battles  before  Atlanta  the  Twenty-ninth  had  three 
killed. 

The  heavy  fightimg  was  now  ended.  On  the  llth  of  November,  com- 
menced the  memorable  march  to  the  sea.  It  is  unnecessary  to  detail  the 
part  which  the  Twenty-ninth  had  in  this  great  movement — the  long, 
wearisome  marches,  the  frequent  skirmishes,  the  hardships  endured  in 
crossing  swamps  and  numerous  and  rapid  streams,  and  the  constant 
watching  to  prevent  surprise  from  an  enemy  ever  vigilant,  and  smarting 
under  the  shame  of  being  trampled  beneath  the  feet  of  that  triumphant 
army  which  he  had  rebelled  against  and  defied.  On  the  20th  of  December, 
the  army  arrived  at  Savannah,  which,  after  a  feeble  resistance,  was  cap- 
tured. Turning  to  the  north,  it  pursued  its  triumphant  course  to 
Goldsboro',  North  Carolina,  where  it  arrived  on  the  20th  of  March,  1865. 
Here  the  weary  columns  were  allowed  rest,  and  were  supplied  with  cloth- 
ing, of  which  nearly  all  were  in  the  most  urgent  need.  On  the  17th  of 
July,  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service,  near  Alexandria,  Vir- 
ginia. 

At  a  time  when  the  success  of  the  National  cause  seemed  dubious,  and 
the  ranks  of  its  army  were  being  rapidly  depleted  by  expiration  of  term 
of  service  of  large  numbers  of  its  forces,  upon  the  urgent  plea  of  the 
Government  for  a  renewal  of  their  terms  of  service,  the  Twenty-ninth, 
first  in  the  United  States  service,  enrolled  itself  as  a  veteran  volunteer 
regiment.  During  the  four  years  and  one  month  it  was  in  the  field,  it 
had  a  total  membership  of  two  thousand  five  hundred  and  seventeen,  of 
which  number  seven  hundred  and  seventy-eight  were  discharged  at  the 
expiration  of  their  term  of  service,  and  one  hundred  and  forty-seven  were 
killed  or  died  of  wounds  received  in  action. 


144  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

46TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

ORCHARD  KNOB,  NOVEMBER  15TH,  1897. 

PRAYER  BY  REV.  W.  J.  TRIMBLE,  D.  D 

ALMIGHTY  GOD,  Our  Heavenly  Father,  God  of  our  fathers,  God  of 
the  storm  and  sunshine,  of  war  and  peace,  we  thank  Thee  for  our 
civil  and  religious  liberty.  We  thank  Thee  that  through  the  dark 
night  of  our  civil  war  Thou  didst  guide  us  to  the  light  and  joy  of  peace; 
may  this  peace  remain  our  blessed  heritage  for  years  to  come.  God  bless 
our  beloved  State  in  whose  name  we  dedicate  this  monument  to  the  mem- 
ory of  our  heroic  dead.  Bless,  we  entreat  thee,  these  comrades  gathered 
on  this  historic  spot  to  carry  out  this  sacred  purpose  of  our  great  Com- 
monwealth. With  whitened  heads,  tokens  of  their  increasing  years,  we 
bow  before  Thee  to-day.  Oh  hear  us  while  we  pray  for  one  another,  and 
for  our  beloved  land.  God  bless  the  widows  and  orphans  left  by  dying 
soldiers  to  the  nation's  care  and  hasten,  we  pray  Thee,  the  day  of  uni- 
versal peace  and  good  will  to  men.  Hear  and  answer  we  beseech  Thee,  as 
we  pray  in  the  name  of  our  Great  High  Priest  and  Advocate  to  whom 
with  the  Father  and  the  Holy  Ghost  we  give  adoring  praise.  Amen. 


ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  JOSEPH  MATCHETTE. 

DEAR  FRIENDS  and  Comrades  of  the  Forty-sixth  Regiment  Penn- 
sylvania Infantry: — It  becomes  our  pleasant  duty  to-day  to  dedi- 
cate this  our  second  monument  to  the  memory  of  the  old  Forty- 
sixth  Regiment.  The  first  one  was  on  that  grand  historic  field  of  our  own 
grand  old  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  the  keystone  of  our  glorious 
arch  of  states  of  the  Union,  on  September  llth  and  12th,  1889,  at  Gulp's 
Hill,  where  you  fought  and  our  comrades  died  fighting  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  to  stay  the  onward  march  of  that  victorious  army  of  North- 
ern Virginia  under  its  magnificent  commander,  General  Robert  E.  Lee, 
and  with  our  noble  commander,  General  George  G.  Meade,  overwhelmed 
that  brave  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  driving  them  back  into  Virginia 
and  the  defences  of  Richmond. 

It  was  then  comrades,  through  the  vicissitudes  of  war  which  overtook 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  under  General  Rosecrans  at  Chickamauga. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  145 

and  compelled  him  to  fall  back  upon  Chattanooga,  where  he  was  hemmed 
in  and  besieged  on  all  sides  by  the  rebel  army  of  General  Bragg,  that 
your  noble  "Star  Corps"  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  the  Crescent 
Corps  were  ordered  to  the  south  to  assist  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
then  under  the  command  of  that  old  war  horse,  General  George  H. 
Thomas  ("The  Rock  of  Chickamauga")  which  was  sadly  in  need  of  bread. 
This  was  in  the  balmy  days  of  early  autumn,  1863,  the  month  of  Sep- 
tember, when  all  nature  smiled,  and  fields,  orchards  and  woodland  con- 
tributed their  offerings  for  man's  gratification,  and  sustenance  rewarding 
the  labor  of  the  husbandman,  and  the  skill  of  the  artisan. 

The  nation  had  been  filled  with  joy  at  the  success  of  Meade's  Army  at 
Gettysburg,  and  Grant's  capture  of  Vicksburg,  and  were  looking  eagerly 
for  grand  movements  of  her  armies  towards  crushing  out  the  last  vestige 
of  the  rebellion.  Then  came  the  orders  to  your  Slocum,  to  prepare  his 
men  for  change  of  location,  and  to  break  from  the  army  with  whom  you 
had  so  long  fought  and  marched,  and  to  show  your  valor  on  other  fields, 
win  new  trophies,  other  battle  names  on  your  banners  and  perchance  to 
die,  in  the  southland;  but  what  mattered  that, — your  only  desire  was  that 
your  flag  should  wave  triumphantly  over  every  state  of  a  restored  Union, 
and  asked  for  no  rest  until  it  was  completely  accomplished,  when  you 
would  lay  down  your  arms  and  return  to  your  homes  and  beloved  ones, 
to  enjoy  the  well  earned  applause  of  a  nation  redeemed. 

We  knew  not  why  these  two  corps  (the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth)  were  se- 
lected by  the  War  Department  for  this  work,  but  it  was  cheerfully  obeyed, 
and  on  September  26,  1863,  at  Brandy  Station,  Culpepper  county,  Va., 
ycu  struck  your  tents,  packed  your  knapsacks,  and  with  haversacks  filled 
with  ten  days'  rations  of  hard  tack,  pork,  coffee  and  sugar,  and  crowded 
into  freight  cars  as  merry  as  boys  going  to  a  picnic  party,  soon  were 
whirling  in  the  direction  of  Washington  City,  and  switched  onto  the  old 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad.  Then  speeded  up  the  Potomac,  through 
historic  "Harper's  Ferry"  where  old  John  Brown  opened  the  war,  and 
near  which  place  the  poor  old  patriot  was  hanged  by  the  Virginia  chiv- 
alry in  1859.  On  through  West  Virginia  we  sped,  over  mountains  and 
through  tunnels  until  we  reached  the  Ohio  river  at  Bellaire, -crossing  it 
on  flat  boats,  and  on  through  loyal  Ohio  to  Columbus,  along  which  route 
you  were  treated  to  an  ovation  by  the  loyal  men,  women  and  children, 
who  filled  your  haversacks  and  stomachs  with  the  best  the  land  afforded; 
and  your  hearts  with  cheer  and  assurance  of  co-operation  to  maintain 
the  union  of  States.  So  on  to  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  where  you  stopped 
and  were  royally  fed  by  the  good  people  of  that  beautiful  city.  We 
can  never  forget  them,  and  their  enthusiastic  kindness  to  us,  on  our  route 
all  through  the  loyal  States,  even  into  Kentucky,  as  we  passed  through 
Louisville,  the  Blue  Grass  region,  and  by  the  Mammoth  Cave  to  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee,  and  finally  landed  at  Stevenson,  Alabama,  and  again 
to  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  October  3,  1863,  on  the  Tennessee  river,  and  how 
your  hearts  bounded  as  you  met  the  "Army  of  the  Southwest"  one  thou- 
sand miles  or  more  from  your  camp  in  "Old  Virginia." 

10 


146  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

You  realized  your  mission  and  knew  that  your  old  comrades  of  the  Po- 
tomac Army  would  not  be  disappointed  in  your  prowess,  as  you  formed  a 
connecting  link  of  the  Grand  Armies  of  the  Republic  forged  to  inaugurate 
the  last  grand  struggle  that  was  to  crush  out  the  Rebellion  and  re-estab- 
lish the  national  authority  over  all  the  Union,  with  no  star  missing  on  its 
banner. 

The  Potomac  boys  had  not  long  to  wait,  as  Thomas  with  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  was  besieged  in  Chattanooga  a  few  miles  away  by  the 
Rebel  army  under  Bragg,  and  were  short  of  rations. 

The  first  attack  was  made  by  the  enemy  on  a  portion  of  the  Twelfth 
Corps,  in  Wauhatchie  Valley,  in  the  night,  and  was  repulsed. 

Then  Hooker,  "Fighting  Joe,"  assaulted  frowning  Lookout  Mountain 
and  planted  the  flag  on  its  crest  above  the  clouds.  The  same  time  Sher- 
man and  Thomas  were  storming  Missionary  Ridge,  driving  back  the  en- 
emy in  disorder,  southward  into  Georgia,  and  the  "cracker  line"  was 
opened  again  along  the  Tennessee  River,  and  the  gateway  to  the  south 
v.as  secure  in  our  hands. 

Your  winter  quarters  came  next,  as  you  fell  back  along  the  Nashville 
and  Chattanooga  Railroad  to  Decherd,  Tennessee,  the  better  to  get  sup- 
plies and  guard  the  railroad.  You  all  remember  well  that  grand  old 
winter  at  Dechi-rd,  in  winter  quarters. 

The  officers'  balls,  your  love  making  to  the  dark  eyed  Tennessee  girls, 
as  you  raided  their  homes,  invaded  their  firesides,  exchanging  your  green- 
backs for  their  corn  bread  and  pies. 

You  remember  the  raids  after  guerrillas  who  infested  the  country,  es- 
pecially Lincoln  county,  picking  up  straggling  soldiers,  giving  them  their 
parole,  returning  to  the  regiment  minus  their  buttons  and  cash. 

Then  came  the  order  from  the  War  Department  offering  a  bounty  to  all 
who  would  re-enlist  for  three  years  more,  or  the  war,  with  a  thirty  days 
furlough  thrown  in,  of  which  nearly  all  of  you  who  could,  took  advantage 
and  started  for  home. 

You  know  how  quickly  passed  those  thirty  days  with  our  dear  friends 
at  home,  but  how  sad  the  parting  again  for  the  seat  of  war  in  Tennessee, 
in  March,  1864,  when  you  took  up  again  your  regular  routine  of  duties 
until  the  order  came  from  Sherman  to  move  again  to  Chattanooga.  In  the 
meantime  the  old  Twelfth  Corps  and  Eleventh  Corps  were  consolidated, 
forming  the  Twentieth  Corps  of  the  "Army  of  the  Cumberland,"  under 
ccmmand  of  General  George  H.  Thomas — Hooker  commanding  the  corps. 

We  took  up  our  line  of  march,  passing  over  the  Cumberland  Mountains 
and  valleys  of  East  Tennessee,  to  Shellmound  and  Nick-a-Jack  Cave,  and 
over  the  point  of  Lookout  Mountain,  into  the  Chattanooga  Valley,  where 
you  soon  found  the  enemy,  and  the  ball  was  opened  May  7  for  the  sum- 
mer campaign  at  Snake  Creek  Gap,  and  Resaca,  May  15,  and  at  Cassville, 
Gulp's  Farm,  June  22,  Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw,  Lost  Mountain,  Dallas, 
Chattahoochee  River,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  July  20;  capture  of  Atlanta, 
September  4;  losing  in  this  summer  campaign  a  very  large  portion  of  the 
regiment.  After  resting  in  the  city  of  Atlanta  until  November  IB,  you 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  147 

took  up  that  grand  campaign  and  march  with  Sherman  to  the  sea,  that 
shall  forever  live  in  song  and  story.  Crossing  the  river  after  capturing 
Savannah,  you  drove  the  enemy  before  you  through  South  Carolina— that 
hot  bed  of  treason — and  to  Goldsboro,  North  Carolina,  Raleigh  and 
Greensboro,  where  Johnson  surrendered  to  Sherman,  April  26,  1865,  and 
the  war  was  over,  thank  God,  after  four  long  years  of  hardship  and 
fatigue. 

Then  came  the  march  through  Richmond  to  Washington,  and  the 
"grand  review  May  24th  and  25th,"  and  discharge  at  Alexandria,  Va., 
July  16,  1865,  and  the  return  to  our  homes  and  loved  ones  again. 

And  now,  my  comrades,  we  have  gathered  here  at  Orchard  Knob  near 
the  slope  of  Missionary  Ridge,  with  Lookout  Mountain  soaring  grandly  in 
the  distance  to  the  clouds,  the  beautiful  Tennessee  winding  its  way 
around  the  hills,  and  peace  and  happiness  reigning  supreme. 

We  have  come,  thirty-four  years  after  the  conflict,  to  dedicate  this 
beautiful  monument  to  the  memory  of  our  noble  Forty-sixth  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiment.  May  the  memory  of  this  event  go  with  us  through  life, 
and  may  it  stand  as  a  perpetual  memorial  to  your  valor  and  loyalty,  and 
to  the  memory  of  our  dead  comrades  who  sleep  their  last  sleep  in  this 
National  Cemetery,  and  at  Marietta,  Ga.  (where  fifty-five  are  buried),  or 
wherever  they  lay,  until  the  last  bugle  calls  them  forth. 

With  these  few  words,  my  comrades,  I  greet  you  and  bid  you  farewell, 
praying  that  God  will  be  your  guard  and  guide  until  we  all  meet  again 
in  that  grand  army  above,  and  pass  a  good  inspection  before  the  Great 
Commander. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT* 

AT  a  moment  of  imminent  peril,  in  April,  1861,  five  volunteer  com- 
panies from  Pennsylvania  rushed  to  the  rescue  of  the  National 
Capitol,  seriously  menaced  by  traitors — the  first  troops  to  respond 
to  the  urgent  call  of  the  Government.  Among  the  foremost  of  these 
companies  was  the  Logan  Guards,  of  Mifflin  county.  When  the  three 
months'  service  was  ended,  this  company,  recruited  and  re-organized, 
was  again  mustered  for  three  years,  as  Company  A,  in  the  Forty-sixth 
Regiment.  Company  C,  recruited  in  Northampton  county,  had  served 
in  the  First  Regiment,  under  Captain  Selfridge,  as  Company  A.  Com- 
pany D,  recruited  in  Dauphin  county,  had  also  served  in  the  Fifteenth 
Regiment,  as  Company  E.  Many  of  the  members  of  other  companies, 
both  officers  and  privates,  had  served  in  the  first  campaign,  but  the 
organizations  of  no  other  companies  -had  been  preserved.  Companies  B 
and  F  were  recruited  in  Allegheny  county,  E  in  Berks,  G  and  H  in  Potter, 
I  in  Luzerne,  and  K  in  Northumberland. 

Rendezvousing  at  Camp  Curtin,  the  regiment  was  organized  on  the  1st 
of  September,  1861,  by  the  selection  of  the  following  field  officers;  Joseph  F. 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


148  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Knlpe,  of  Dauphin  county,  who  had  served  during  the  three  months' 
campaign  on  the  staff  of  General  E.  C.  Williams,  Colonel;  James  L.  Sel- 
f ridge,  from  Captain  of  Company  C,  Lieutenant  Colonel;  Arnold  C.  Lewis, 
Major.  On  the  22d  of  September,  Major  Lewis,  while  attempting  to  en- 
force discipline  in  a  case  of  insubordination,  was  shot  and  instantly 
killed  by  a  private  of  Company  I,  who  afterwards  suffered  the  extreme 
penalty  of  the  law  for  his  offense.  Captain  J.  A.  Matthews,  of  Company 
A,  was  promoted  to  Major. 

Upon  the  resignation  of  General  Patterson,  from  the  command  of  the 
Army  of  the  Shenandoah,  General  Banks  was  appointed  to  succeed  him. 
His  forces  were  posted  on  the  Upper  Potomac,  along  the  Maryland  shore, 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Harper's  Ferry.  Soon  after  its  organization,  the 
Forty-sixth  was  ordered  to  General  Banks'  command.  Upon  its  arrival 
it  was  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade,*  of  the  Second  Division,  of  his 
corps.  Little  of  interest,  save  the  usual  drill  and  camp  duty,  and  an  oc- 
casional skirmish  with  the  enemy,  occurred  until  the  opening  of  the 
spring  campaign.  In  January,  1862,  Stonewall  Jackson,  with  a  well  ap- 
pointed force  of  all  arms,  having  for  some  time  occupied  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  had  pushed  out  as  far  west  as  Hancock,  where  he  was  met  and 
driven  back  by  General  Lander.  Lander  pursued,  but  soon  after  died,  and 
was  succeeded  in  command  by  General  Shields,  who  continued  the  pur- 
suit to  Winchester.  On  the  24th  of  February,  General  Banks  commenced 
crossing  the  Potomac  at  Harper's  Ferry,  and  occupied,  in  turn,  Lees- 
burg,  Charlestown,  Martinsburg  and  Winchester.  Shields  continued 
the  pursuit  of  Jackson  as  far  as  New  Market,  whence  he  returned  to 
Winchester.  In  the  meantime,  Banks  had  dispatched  one  division  of  his 
corps  to  Centreville,  and  had  himself  departed  for  Washington.  Con- 
sidering himself  superior  to  the  Union  force  remaining,  Jackson  turned 
upon  Shields,  and  a  severe  engagement  ensued  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Kernstown.  Three  companies  of  the  Forty-sixth,  under  command  of 
Major  Matthews,  arrived  upon  the  field  in  time  to  participate  in  the 
conflict.  Jackson  was  beaten,  and  Banks  returning,  gave  chase,  which 
was  continued  to  Woodstock.  In  this  pursuit  the  Forty-sixth  was  con- 
spicuous, Colonel  Knipe  manifesting  his  usual  enterprise  and  daring. 

Jackson,  who  was  fearful  of  a  union  of  the  forces  of  Fremont  and 
Banks,  marched  hastily  across  the  mountain  to  McDowell,  where  he  en- 
countered the  head  of  Fremont's  column,  under  Milroy  and  Schenck, 
and  defeated  it,  inflicting  considerable  loss.  Returning  with  his  char- 
acteristic celerity  of  movement,  and  masking  his  progress  by  his  cav- 
alry, he  fell  suddenly  upon  Colonel  Kenley,  occupying  an  outpost  at 
Front  Royal,  and,  routing  his  small  force,  was  making  for  the  rear  of 
Bank's  army,  before  the  latter  was  aware  of  an  enemy's  presence  in  his 

•Organization  of  First  Brigade,  Brigadier  General  S.  W.  Crawford;  Second  Division, 
Brigadier  General  A.  S.  Williams.  Forty-sixth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
Colonel  Joseph  F.  Knlpe;  Tenth  Regiment  Maine  Volunteers,  Colonel  George  Beale; 
Fifth  Regiment  Connecticut  Volunteers,  Colonel  George  D.  Chapman;  Twenty-eighth 
New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel  Dudley  Donnelly;  First  Maryland,  Colonel  John  Kenly; 
Bests' s  Regular  Battery. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  149 

front.  Turning  his  trains  towards  the  Potomac,  and  dispersing  the 
rebel  cavalry,  which  appeared  upon  his  rear,  Banks  commenced  his  re- 
treat down  the  valley.  Finding  that  he  must  make  a  stand  to  save  his 
trains,  he  drew  up  his  little  army  in  line  of  battle,  in  front  of  Win- 
chester, and  with  an  entire  force  of  only  about  seven  thousand  men, 
prepared  to  meet  Jackson  with  not  less  than  twenty  thousand.  For  five 
hours  the  unequal  contest  was  maintained,  the  Forty-sixth  holding  its 
ground  with  unexampled  coolness  and  bravery.  At  length,  finding  him- 
self outflanked  and  likely  to  be  overpowered,  he  withdrew  and  made 
his  way  to  the  Potomac,  where  his  trains  had  already  arrived,  and 
crossed  in  safety.  In  this  engagement  the  Forty-sixth  lost  four  killed, 
ten  wounded,  and  three  taken  prisoners.  The  loss  to  the  Union  force 
in  withdrawing  through  the  streets  of  the  town  was  considerable,  the 
inhabitants,  both  male  and  female,  vieing  with  each  other  in  pouring 
forth  insults  and  deadly  missiles.  "My  retreating  column,"  says  Gen- 
eral Banks  in  his  official  report,  "suffered  serious  loss  in  the  streets  of 
Winchester;  males  and  females  vied  with  each  other  in  increasing  the 
number  of  their  victims  by  firing  from  the  houses,  throwing  hand 
grenades,  hot  water,  and  missiles  of  every  description." 

Upon  the  appointment  of  General  Pope  to  the  command  of  the  army 
of  Northern  Virginia,  the  scattered  forces  upon  the  Rappahannock,  the 
Shenandoah,  and  in  West  Virginia,  were  concentrated,  and  were  or- 
ganized in  three  corps,  commanded  respectively  by  Sigel  (formerly 
Fremont),  Banks  and  McDowell.  On  the  7th  of  August,  1862,  Crawford's 
Brigade  was  stationed  at  Culpepper  Court  House.  The  divisions  of  Ewell 
and  Stonewall  Jackson,  followed  by  that  of  Hill,  a  force  twenty-five 
thousand  strong,  had  already  arrived  upon  the  Rapidan,  and  had  com- 
menced crossing,  driving  back  the  Union  cavalry.  On  the  8th,  Crawford 
was  ordered  forward  towards  Cedar  Mountain,  and  on  the  following 
morning  Banks  followed  with  the  rest  of  his  corps,  consisting  of  seven 
thousand  men.  Jackson,  having  pushed  forward  his  columns  with 
celerity,  had  taken  position  with  his  artillery  on  Cedar  Mountain,  at  an 
elevation  of  two  hundred  feet  above  the  surrounding  plain,  but  had  kept 
his  infantry  masked  under  the  shadow  of  the  forests.  Four  guns  had 
been  advanced,  farther  to  the  front,  and  lower  down  the  side  of  the 
mountain.  These,  with  the  more  elevated  ones,  opened  on  Crawford's 
Brigade,  and  at  five  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  Union  forces,  in  two  columns,  ad- 
vanced to  the  attack.  The  position  of  the  Forty-sixth  fell  opposite  the 
enemy's  advanced  pieces,  and  upon  these  the  men  charged  with  des- 
perate valor.  But  before  reaching  them,  they  had  to  pass  an  open  field, 
now  covered  with  shocks  of  full  ripened  wheat.  Here  they  were  fearfully 
exposed,  and  the  enemy's  artillery,  and  his  strong  lines  of  infantry  con- 
cealed from  view,  poured  in  a  merciless  storm  of  shot  and  shell.  Three 
times  was  it  led  to  the  charge  across  that  fatal  plain,  when  Colonel 
Knipe  fell  severely  wounded,  and  the  regiment  was  withdrawn.  "Had 
victory  been  possible,"  says  Greely,  "they  would  have  won  it.  *  *  * 
The  best  blood  of  the  Union  was  poured  out  like  water.  *  *  »  Gen- 


150  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

eral  Crawford's  Brigade  came  out  of  the  fight  a  mere  skeleton."  The 
loss  in  the  Forty-sixth  was  thirty  killed,  thirty-four  severely  wounded, 
and  six  prisoners.  Among  the  killed  were  Lieutenants  Robert  Wilson, 
S.  H.  Jones  and  Wm.  P.  Caldwell,  and  among  the  wounded,  Colonel 
Knipe,  "Major  Matthews,  Captains  Lukenbaugh,  Brooks  and  Foulke,  and 
Lieutenants  Selheimer,  Caldwell,  Craig  and  Matthews. 

In  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Bank's  Corps  was  commanded  by  General 
Mansfield,  and  early  in  the  day  of  September  17th,  was  led  to  the  support 
of  Hooker,  battling  with  a  heavy  force  of  the  enemy  on  the  extreme  right 
of  the  line,  across  Antietam  Creek.  Crawford's  Brigade  was  sent  to  the 
support  of  Rickett's  Division,  and  advanced,  carrying  the  woods  to  the 
right  of,  and  beyond  the  cornfield,  and  maintained  its  position  until  re- 
lieved by  Sedgwick's  Division  of  Sumner's  Corps.  The  Forty-sixth  was 
here  led  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Selfridge,  Colonel  Knipe  still  suffering 
from  the  effects  of  his  wounds.  The  loss  was  six  killed  and  three  severely 
wounded.  Captain  George  A.  Brooks  was  among  the  killed.  Soon  after 
the  battle  of  Antietam,  Colonel  Knipe  was  promoted  to  Brigadier  Gen- 
eral, and  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Brigade;  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Selfridge  was  promoted  to  Colonel;  Major  Matthews  to  Colonel  of  the 
One  hundred  and  twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania,  which  was  assigned  to 
Knipe's  Brigade;  Captain  William  L.  Foulke,  of  Company  B,  to  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  and  Captain  Cyrus  Strouse,  of  Company  K,  to  Major. 
Upon  the  inauguration  of  the  Fredericksburg  campaign,  the  Forty-sixth, 
which  was  then  lying  with  the  division  at  Fairfax,  was  ordered  forward, 
but  did  not  arrive  upon  the  field  in  time  to  be  engaged. 

In  the  re-organization  of  the  army,  which  was  made  upon  the  acces- 
sion of  General  Joseph  Hooker  to  the  chief  command,  Knipe's  Brigade  be- 
came the  Second  of  the  First  Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  the  division 
being  commanded  by  General  A.  S.  Williams,  and  the  Corps  by  General 
Slocum. 

On  the  27th  of  April,  1863,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps,  which  had 
been  lying  near  Falmouth  during  the  winter,  marched  north  to  Kelly's 
Ford,  where  they  crossed  the  Rappahannock,  thence  to  Germania  Ford, 
where  they  crossed  the  Rapidan,  and  arrived  at  Chancellorsville  without 
encountering  serious  opposition.  Here  it  was  joined  by  the  Fifth  Corps, 
and  on  the  30th,  by  the  Third  Corps.  There  were  three  roads 
centering  at  Chancellorsville,  the  main  direction  of  each  being  eastward. 
Upon  each  of  these  Hooker  ordered  an  advance  on  the  morning  of  the 
1st  of  May,  Meade  upon  the  left,  Sykes,  commanding  a  division  of  regu- 
lars belonging  to  the  Fifth  Corps,  In  the  centre,  and  Howard  upon  the 
right.  At  two  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  movement  commenced,  and  after  pro- 
ceeding some  three  miles  the  central  column  encountered  the  enemy  In 
considerable  force,  and  Knipe's  Brigade  was  sent  to  its  support,  where 
it  was  engaged  and  lost  some  men;  whereupoji  Hooker  ordered  a  retro- 
grade movement  and  a  concentration  upon  the  line  of  the  previous  night 
with  the  Chancellor  House  as  headquarters,  Meade  on  the  left,  Slocum  in 
the  centre,  and  Howard,  somewhat  in  the  air,  on  the  right.  Desultory 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  151 

fighting  continued  during  the  day  of  the  2d  of  May,  when,  at  near  night- 
fall, Stonewall  Jackson,  with  twenty-five  thousand  men,  burst  like  an 
avalanche  upon  Howard's  Corps,  resting  unsuspicious  of  danger,  and 
drove  it,  in  rout  and  confusion  in  upon  the  centre.  This  brought  the 
enemy  upon  Slocum's  right,  and  during  the  early  part  of  the  night  a  sharp 
conflict  was  kept  up,  wherein  Knipe's  Brigade  was  engaged,  losing  many 
in  killed  and  wounded,  and  a  considerable  number  of  prisoners.  Here 
fell  Major  Strouse,  his  body  riddled  with  bullets,  while  attempting  to  es- 
cape when  called  on  to  surrender.  At  midnight  a  counter  charge  was 
made  by  Birney's  Division,  and  a  part  of  the  guns  lost  by  Howard  and 
his  abandoned  rifle-pits,  were  regained,  and  the  enemy  thrown  into  some 
confusion.  On  the  morning  of  the  3d,  Williams'  Brigade  was  sent  to  the 
support  of  Birney;  and  here  the  battle  raged  with  great  fury,  the  enemy 
losing  heavily,  and  being  broken  and  driven  in  great  confusion.  Upon 
the  return  of  Hooker  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Rappahannock,  the  regi- 
ment occupied  its  old  camp,  where  it  remained  until  the  advance  of  the 
army  into  Pennsylvania.  The  loss  in  the  Chancellorsville  campaign 
was  four  killed,  a  considerable  number  wounded,  two  severely,  and  two 
taken  prisoners.  Major  Strouse  and  Lieutenant  O.  R.  Priestly  were 
among  the  killed. 

Early  in  June,. Lee  commenced  a  movement  north,  marching  down  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  and  crossing  the  Potomac  at  Williamsport.  On  the 
1st  of  July,  he  met  the  Union  army  at  Gettysburg.  On  the  evening  of  the 
same  day,  the  Twelfth  Corps  arrived  upon  the  field,  and  was  posted  on 
the  right  of  the  line  holding  the  summit  of  Gulp's  Hill,  where  a  formid- 
able breast-work  was  thrown  up.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  2d,  the  First 
and  Second  Divisions  were  ordered  to  the  support  of  the  left,  leaving  their 
works  unoccupied,  save  by  a  thin  line  of  Green's  Brigade,  of  the  Second 
Division.  During  their  absence,  the  enemy  attacked  and  carried  the 
left  of  the  works,  and,  upon  their  return  at  evening,  they  found  the 
rebels  in  possession.  Dispositions  were  promptly  made  to  retake  them. 
Before  dawn  of  the  3d,  a  heavy  flre  of  infantry  and  artillery  was  opened 
upon  the  enemy,  and  after  an  obstinate  'resistance  of  several  hours,  he 
was  driven  back  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  The  Forty-sixth  held  the 
extreme  right  of  the  line,  and  after  the  re-occupation  of  the  breast- 
works, was  pushed  across  an  open  space  beyond  Spangler's  Spring,  and 
held  a  piece  of  wood  fringing  Rock  Creek.  The  loss,  owing  to  the  shelt- 
ered position  which  the  regiment  occupied,  was  inconsiderable. 

Upon  the  withdrawal  of  Lee  into  Virginia,  the  Union  army  followed 
up  his  line  of  retreat,  at  the  same  time  covering  Washington,  until  it 
reached  the  Rapidan.  Here  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  were  de- 
tached from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  ordered  to  the  support  of 
Rosecrans,  in  Tennessee  and  Northern  Georgia.  Marching  to  Wash- 
ington, the  regiment  proceeded  by  rail  to  Nashville.  Here  the  First  Di- 
vision was  detailed  to  guard  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad, 
from  Tullahoma  to  Bridgeport.  The  country  through  which  the  road 
passes  was  infested  with  guerrillas  and  rebel  cavalry,  ever  watchful  for 


152  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

an  opportunity  to  destroy  the  road,  and  to  wreck  the  trains.  It  was  vital 
to  the  existence  of  the  army  that  this  line  should  be  kept  open,  and  that 
it  should  be  operated  to  its  utmost  capacity.  The  vigilance  and  fidelity 
with  which  this  service  was  performed  on  the  part  of  the  Forty-sixth, 
elicited  the  warm  approval  of  its  superior  officers. 

Early  in  January,  1864,  a  large  proportion  of  the  officers  and  men  of  the 
regiment,  having  re-enlisted  for  a  second  term  of  three  years,  insur- 
ing its  continuance  as  an  organization,  they  were  given  a  veteran  fur- 
lough and  proceeded  to  Pennsylvania.*  Here  its  ranks  were  rapidly  re- 
cruited, and  upon  its  return  the  division  rejoined  the  corps,  in  winter 
quarters,  in  and  about  Chattanooga. 

On  the  6th  of  May,  Sherman's  army,  seventy  thousand  strong,  with 
one  hundred  and  fifty  guns,  broke  up  winter  quarters  and  moved  on 
the  ever  memorable  Atlanta  compaign.  At  Dalton,  where  Johnston,  who 
commanded  the  rebel  army,  was  first  met,  the  enemy  was  turned  out  of  a 
position,  strong  by  nature  and  well  fortified,  by  a  flank  movement  through 
Snake  Creek  Gap,  which  had  already  been  captured  by  Geary's  Division. 

Following  up  the  retreating  enemy,  Sherman  found  him  well  en- 
trenched at  Resaca,  prepared  to  dispute  his  further  progress.  Here  Sher- 
man again  attempted  a  movement  by  the  right  flank;  but  Johnston,  tak- 
ing advantage  of  his  antagonist's  weakened  lines  in  front,  delivered 
a  heavy  and  well  sustained  attack,  falling  upon  the  divisions  of  Hooker 
and.  Schofleld.  He  found  Hooker  not  unprepared  for  the  encounter, 
and  after  a  bloody  conflict,  Johnston  was  driven,  with  a  loss  of  four  guns 
and  many  prisoners.  In  this  engagement  the  Forty-sixth  participated, 
losing  three  killed  and  five  wounded.  Among  the  killed  was  Lieutenant 
John  H.  Knipe,  of  Company  I. 

Pushing  the  enemy  steadily  back,  on  the  25th  of  May,  the  regiment  was 
again  engaged  at  Pumpkin  Vine  Creek  and  at  New  Hope  Church.  The 
country  is  here  broken,  and  the  enemy  was  well  entrenched,  his  lines 
stretching  across  Lost,  Pine  and  Kenesaw  Mountains,  from  Dallas  to 
Marietta,  presenting  an  unbroken  front.  From  the  25th  of  May,  until 
near  the  middle  of  June,  Sherman,  always  fruitful  in  resources,  operated 
against  the  enemy's  lines,  compelling  him,  by  constant  battering  and 
picket  firing,  and  by  frequent  assaults,  gradually  to  give  ground,  taking 
first  Pine  Knob,  then  Lost  Mountain,  and  at  length  the  long  line  of  breast- 
works connecting  the  latter  with  Kenesaw.  Finally,  on  the  22d  of  June, 
the  enemy,  finding  himself  slowly  but  surely  pushed  from  his  strong 

•Youthful  Veterans. — "The  claim  of  Missouri  to  have  the  youngest  veteran  soldier,  IB 
disputed  by  the  Keystone  State.  We  are  Informed  that  Henry  Weldensaul,  In  his 
fourteenth  year,  entered  the  Forty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  participated  In  the 
battles  of  Winchester,  Cedar  Mountain,  Chancellorsvllle,  Gettysburg.  Reaaca,  Dallas, 
Kenesaw  and  Peach  Tree  Creek:  was  wounded  for  the  first  time  In  tne  last  named 
fight,  and  re-eniisted  last  winter  with  the  grrater  part  of  his  regiment.  He  was  sev- 
enteen years  of  age  on  the  1st  of  July  last."— Louisville  Journal. 

Henry  Weldentaul,  named  above,  was  a  native  of  Morgantown,  Berks  county.  He 
was  first  wounded  at  Cedar  Mountain,  in  August,  1SG2,  where  he  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  was  confined  in  Llbby  Prison  for  nearly  five  weeks.  He  was  again  wounded  at 
Atlanta. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  153 

position,  suddenly  assumed  the  offensive,  and  made  a  furious  attack 
upon  Hooker's  Corps,  in  position  near  the  Gulp  House.  It  fell  principally 
upon  Knipe's  Brigade,  and  was  led  by  Hood,  but  signally  failed.  Hood 
was  repulsed  with  heavy  loss,  including  some  prisoners.  "Williams'  Divi- 
sion," says  General  Thomas  in  his  official  report,  "skirmished  itself  into 
position  on  the  right  of  Geary's  Division,  the  right  of  Williams  resting 
at  Gulp's  House,  on  the  Powder  Spring  and  Marietta  Road.  About  four 
P.  M.,  the  enemy,  in  heavy  force,  attacked  Knipe's  Brigade  in  its  ad 
vanced  position,  before  his  men  had  time  to  throw  up  any  works,  and 
persisted  in  the  assault  until  sundown,  when  they  withdrew,  their 
ranks  hopelessly  broken,  each  assault  having  been  repelled  with  heavy 
loss."  In  the  various  engagements  at  Dallas,  Pine  Knob,  Kenesaw 
Mountain  and  Marietta,  in  all  of  which  the  Forty-sixth  participated, 
the  loss  was  fourteen  killed  and  about  thirty  wounded.  Captain  D.  H. 
Chesebro  and  Lieutenant  J.  W.  Phillips  were  among  the  killed. 

On  the  16th  of  July,  Sherman  crossed  the  Chattahoochee  river,  and 
sweeping  around  to  the  left,  began  closing  in  upon  Atlanta,  McPherson 
reaching  out  to  strike  the  Augusta  Railroad.  While  these  movements 
were  in  full  progress,  and  the  army  only  partially  across  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  a  considerable  stream  running  in  a  westerly  direction  in  front  of 
Atlanta,  Hood  again  attacked,  leading  a  heavy  force,  and  precipitating 
it  with  great  violence  upon  the  Union  columns,  falling  principally  upon 
Newton's,  and  upon  Hooker's  Corps.  The  Forty-sixth  was  much  ex- 
posed, and  suffered  severely;  but  with  ranks  undismayed,  led  by  Colonel 
Selfridge,  who  was  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  conspicuous  by  his 
white,  flowing  locks,  encouraging  and  steadying  his  men,  they  hurled 
back  the  rebel  hordes  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet.  With  columns  sadly 
decimated,  Hood  retreated  from  the  field,  leaving  five  hundred  dead,  one 
thousand  severely  wounded,  and  many  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the 
victors.  The  loss  in  the  regiment  was  ten  killed  and  twenty-two 
wounded.  Captain  S.  T.  Ketrer,  Lieutenants  H.  J.  Davis,  Samuel  Wolf, 
and  David  C.  Selheimer,  and  Adjutant  Luther  R.  Whitman,  were  among 
the  killed. 

Shifting  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  from  the  left  to  the  extreme  right, 
Sherman  was  preparing  to  cut  off  the  railroads,  and  invest  the  city  on  the 
south,  when  Hood,  detecting  the  movement,  again  fell  upon  the  Union 
lines,  only  partially  formed.  The  attack  was  made  with  the  rebel  leader's 
characteristic  impetuosity,  but  it  fell  like  the  beating  of  the  mad  waves 
of  the  sea  against  the  immovable  cliff.  The  regiment  lost  here  six  killed 
and  a  considerable  number  wounded. 

On  the  1st  of  September,  Atlanta  surrendered,  and  Sherman's  victorious 
columns  entered  the  city  in  triumph.  The  hard  fighting  of  the  regi- 
ment was  now  ended.  General  Knipe  was  here  transferred  to  the  com- 
mand of  cavalry,  and  Colcnel  Selfridge  to  the  Brigade,  leaving  Major 
Patrick  Griffith  in  command  of  the  regiment.  On  the  llth  of  November, 
Sherman  commenced  his  march  to  the  sea.  On  the  21st  of  December, 
he  reached  Savannah,  and,  after  a  brief  conflict  at  Fort  McAllister,  took 


154  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

possession  of  the  city.  With  but  a  brief  respite,  he  faced  his  columns  to 
the  north,  and  on  the  17th  of  February,  Columbia,  the  Capitol  of  South 
Carolina,  was  taken  without  resistance,  and  a  month  later  he  reached 
Goldsboro,  the  end  of  his  hostile  wayfaring.  Johnston  surrendered  on  the 
26th  of  April,  and  the  army  immediately  commenced  its  homeward  march. 
On  the  16th  of  July,  1865,  the  Forty-sixth  Regiment,  after  nearly  four 
years  of  faithful  service,  was  mustered  out  near  Alexandria,  Virginia. 


HISTORICAL,  SKETCH  OF 

73D  REGIMENT  INFANTRY.*f 

THE  Seventy-third  Regiment,  originally  known  as  the  Pennsylvania 
Legion,  Forty-fifth  of  the  line,  was  recruited  in  the  city  of  Phila- 
delphia, during  the  months  of  June  and  July,  1861.  It  was  organized 
on  the  3d  of  August  by  the  choice  of  the  following  officers:  John  A.  Koltes, 
Colonel;  G.  A.  Muehleck,  Lieutenant-Colonel;  Leopold  Schott,  Major; 
William  Moore,  Adjutant.  A  considerable  number  of  both  officers  and 
men  had  belonged  to  militia  rifle  companies  existing  in  Philadelphia.  A 
camp  of  rendezvous  was  established  on  Engle's  and  Wolf's  farms  at 
Lemon  Hill.  On  the  24th  of  September  the  regiment,  fully  armed  and 
equipped,  left  Philadelphia,  and  proceeded  via  Washington  to  Roach's 
Mills,  Virginia,  where  it  was  assigned  to  General  Blenker's  Division.  It 
was  here  largely  employed  in  building  forts,  in  which  service  General 
Blenker  was  eminent.  Drill  and  discipline,  when  relief  from  fatigue  duty 
permitted,  was  rigidly  enforced.  About  the  middle  of  October  it  moved 
to  the  neighborhood  of  Hunter's  Chapel,  where  a  new  camp  was  estab- 
lished. A  few  days  later  it  was  pushed  forward  to  Rose  Hill,  and  placed 
upon  the  picket  line.  On  the  25th,  ex-Governor  Pollock  presented  the  com- 
mand with  a  set  of  colors  in  behalf  of  ladies  of  Philadelphia.  The  line 
of  pickets  was  advanced  soon  afterwards  to  Annandale,  with  headquarter? 
at  Fitzhugh's  Farm,  and  remained  in  this  position  until  the  16th  of  No- 
vember. On  the  15th  of  January,  1862,  the  altered  Springfield  muskets 
•with  which  it  was  originally  armed  were  exchanged  for  Austrian  rifled 
muskets.  It  numbered  at  this  time  eight  hundred  and  flfty-flve  rank 
and  file.  On  the  18th,  the  State  flags  were  presented  to  the  Pennsylvania 
regiments  of  the  brigade.  The,  officers  and  color-guard  of  the  Seventy- 
third  alone  were  present  upon  the  occasion,  the  rest  of  the  regiment  be- 
ing out  upon  the  picket  line.  On  the  3d  of  March,  three  hundred  and 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
tHave  not  yet  erected  monument  on  field. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  155 

fifty  men  were  added  to  its  ranks,  a  part  of  what  had  been  the  Sixty- 
sixth  Regiment,  just  then  disbanded. 

The  regiment  moved  with  the  army,  on  the  10th  of  March,  upon  the 
campaign  to  Manassas.  The  most  of  the  army  soon  turned  back,  'and 
proceeded  to  the  Peninsula.  Blenker's  Division  remained,  and  the  regi- 
ment was  engaged  in  picket  and  outpost  duty,  occasionally  meeting 
bands  of  the  enemy.  After  remaining  in  the  neighborhood  of  Catlett's 
Station  until  the  6th  of  April,  it  returned  through  Warrenton  and  pro- 
ceeded with  the  division  to  West  Virginia,  arriving  at  Petersburg  on  the 
llth  of  May.  The  division  was  here  reviewed  by  General  Fremont,  and 
was  incorporated  with  the  army  of  the  Mountain  Department.  The  ad- 
vance of  this  army  under  Milroy  and  Schenck  having  been  defeated  at 
McDowell  by  Stonewall  Jackson,  the  balance  of  the  command  was  moved 
hastily  to  Franklin  to  their  support,  arriving  the  day  after  the  battle. 
For  several  days  it  was  engaged  in  reconnoitering  and  fortifying  the  posi- 
tion, the  men  suffering  greatly  from  hard  marching  and  insufficiency  of 
food.  On  the  25th,  Fremont  moved  back  to  Petersburg,  and  proceeding 
via  Moorefield,  crossed  the  mountains  into  Shenandoah  Valley,  but  too 
late  to  intercept  Jackson,  who  having  defeated  and  driven  Banks,  was 
now  hurriedly  returning.  On  the  8th  of  June,  Fremont  came  up  with  the 
enemy  at  Cross  Keys,  and  a  severe  engagement  ensued.  The  Seventy- 
third  was  held  in  reserve,  and  in  the  progress  of  the  fight  was  moved  from 
point  to  point  of  the  line  where  most  needed.  Jackson  retired  across  the 
Shenandoah  River,  burning  the  bridge  after  him,  and  Fremont  returned 
to  Strasburg.  The  latter  was  superseded  in  command  of  the  army  soon 
afterwards  by  General  Sigel.  Until  the  20th  of  July,  the  regiment  was 
engaged  in  picket  and  guard  duty  at  Luray,  Thornton's  Gap,  and  Sperry- 
ville,  when  Sigel  moved  to  the  support  of  Banks  who  had  been  attacked 
and  driven  at  Cedar  Mountain.  When  Pope's  army,  composed  of  the 
commands  of  Sigel,  Banks  and  McDowell,  began  to  fall  back  from  the 
Rapidan,  the  Seventy-third  was  engaged  with  the  rear  guard  in  destroy- 
ing bridges,  kindling  decoy  fires,  and  in  obstructing  the  roads  to  impede 
the  progress  of  the  enemy.  In  this  retreat  it  was  frequently  under  fire, 
and  at  Freeman's  Ford  where  General  Bohlen  was  killed,  it  was  for  two 
days  engaged  on  the  skirmish  line. 

The  division  arrived  upon  the  plain  of  Manassas  on  the  evening  of  the 
28th  of  August.  In  the  movements  of  that  day,  Adjutant  Henry  Bauers, 
while  engaged  in  calling  in  the  skirmishers,  was  captured.  Early  on  the 
following  morning  the  battle  was  opened,  near  the  little  village  of  Grove- 
ton,  the  corps  of  Heintzelman,  Sigel  and  Reynolds  being  confronted  by 
Jackson  and  Longstreet.  The  Seventy-third,  with  a  battery,  was  early 
in  the  day  sent  forward  to  meet  the  enemy,  taking  position  on  the  left 
of  the  Centreville  road,  near  the  stone  house,  and  until  four  in  the  after- 
noon was  warmly  engaged.  It  was  then  relieved  and  ordered  to  a  position 
near  the  bed  of  a  railroad  which  had  been  graded  but  never  completed. 
The  battle  of  the  Union  right  was  early  renewed  on  the  following  day,  and 
by  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  raged  with  grreat  violence,  the  enemy  to\, 
11 


156  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

lowing  up  every  advantage,  and  sweeping  the  field  with  grape  and 
canister.  The  brigade,  commanded  by  Colonel  Koltes,  had  till  this  hour 
been  held  in  reserve.  It  was  now  ordered  forward  to  check  the  enemy's 
impetuous  advance.  Before  a  shot  was  fired  it  was  discovered  that  the 
rebels  were  already  in  its  rear,  and  it  was  obliged  to  change  front.  Mov- 
ing up  the  wooded  side  of  a  hill  upon  its  flank,  it  soon  opened  upon  their 
infantry.  But  their  artillery,  which  had  played  upon  it  with  frightful 
effect  while  making  this  movement,  had  thinned  its  ranks,  and  a  portion 
of  It  had  already  retired.  Scarcely  had  the  line  of  battle  been  formed 
when  Captain  Augustus  Brueckner,  acting  Major,  and  in  command  of  the 
regiment,  was  killed.  The  clouds  of  smoke  were  so  dense  that  friend 
could  with  difficulty  be  distinguished  from  foe.  Colonel  Koltes,  seeing 
the  critical  position  of  his  command,  rode  to  the  centre  of  his  own  regi- 
ment, and  while  in  the  act  of  rallying  his  men,  and  apparently  about  to  lead 
them  in  a  charge,  was  struck  by  a  shell  and  instantly  killed.  Rider  and 
horse  sank  upon  the  ground  together,  and  neither  moved  afterwards. 
Taking  up  the  body  of  their  leader  the  men  fell  back  and  formed  in  line 
with  a  regiment  of  regulars,  but  were  soon  compelled  to  leave  the  field 
altogether.  At  night  they  bivouacked  on  Bull  Run  Creek,  lying  around 
the  dead  body  of  their  Colonel,  and  on  the  following  day  reached  the 
breast-works  in  front  of  Centreville.  The  loss  in  this  disastrous  battle 
was  nearly  half  of  its  effective  strength,  being  two  hundred  and  sixteen 
in  killed  and  wounded.  The  body  of  Colonel  Koltes  was  taken  back  to 
Washington,  where  it  was  embalmed  and  sent  to  Philadelphia  for  inter- 
ment. 

The  regiment  retired  to  the  fortifications  of  Washington,  where  it  re- 
mained until  the  beginning  of  winter.  It  was  ordered  to  the  front  soon 
after  the  opening  of  the  Fredericksburg  campaign,  and  arrived  at  Fal- 
mouth  just  as  the  army,  after  its  repulse,  was  retiring  across  the  river. 
It  went  into  winter  quarters  near  Falmouth,  where,  with  the  exception 
of  the  few  days  engaged  in  Burnside's  second  campaign,  it  remained  with 
the  army  inactive  until  spring.  On  the  27th  of  January,  1863,  Colonel 
Muehleck  resigned,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  William  Moore  was  promoted 
to  Colonel,  Major  Michael  A.  Strong  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain 
David  A.  Shultz  to  Major.  The  regiment  now  formed  part  of  the  First 
Brigade,*  Second  Division  of  the  Eleventh  Corps.-  The  army  having  been 
completely  re-organized  by  General  Hooker,  now  in  command,  was  re- 
viewed on  the  10th  of  April  by  President  Lincoln,  preparatory  to  enter- 
ing upon  the  spring  campaign. 

On  the  13th,  preliminary  to  a  general  movement  to  Chancellorsville,  the 
Brigade  was  sent  to  Kelly's  Ford  with  orders  to  hold  the  approaches,  and 
prepare  the  roads  leading  to  it.  A  detachment  of  two  hundred  and 

•Organization  of  the  First  Brigade,  Colonel  A.  Buschbeck;  Second  Division,  Oeneral 
Von  Stelnwehr;  Eleventh  Corps,  General  Howard.  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  Colonel  A.  Buschbeck;  Seventy-third  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteer*,  Colonel  William  Moore;  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers, 
Colonel  Soest;  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel 
Jone*. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  157 

thirty  men  of  the  Seventy-third,  under  command  of  Captain  D.  F.  Kelly, 
was  sent  on  the  20th,  to  Rappahannock  Station  and  Beverly  Ford.  On 
the  28th,  Colonel  Moore  received  instructions  to  cross  the  river  with  his 
command  in  company  with  that  of  the  One  hundred  and  fifty-fourth  New 
York,  rout  the  enemy  from  his  fortifications  on  the  opposite  shore,  and 
hold  the  ground  until  the  engineers  could  lay  a  bridge.  Launching  his 
pontoons  unobserved  in  a  little  creek  which  empties  into  the  river  a  short 
distance  from  the  ford,  he  moved  quietly  over  under  cover  of  darkness. 
As  the  companies  leaped  to  the  shore  they  were  deployed,  the  Seventy- 
third  on  the  right,  and  advanced  rapidly,  driving  the  enemy's  pickets 
who  were  taken  completely  by  surprise,  and.  in  their  haste  to  escape 
dropped  their  carbines  without  firing  a  shot.  Colonel  Moore  sent  a  de- 
tachment to  Kellysville,  but  found  it  deserted.  At  midnight  the  Seventy- 
third  was  ordered  to  re-cross  the  river,  and  on  the  30th  re-joining  the 
brigade,  moved  over  with  the  corps,  crossed  the  Rapidan  at  Germania 
Ford,  and  arrived  at  the  Chancellor  House  at  midnight.  The  regiment 
acted  on  this  march  as  a  guard  to  the  train  of  the  corps,  marching  the 
whole  distance  as  flankers,  a  very  laborious  but  thankless  duty.  During 
the  following  day  the  brigade  was  marched  and  counter-marched  as 
rumors  of  attacks  were  brought  from  opposite  parts  of  the  field,  desul- 
tory firing  being  kept  up  during  the  entire  day.  The  Eleventh  Corps 
finally  took  a  position  on  the  right  of  the  army,  in  front  of  the  turnpike 
leading  from  the  Old  Wilderness  Tavern  to  Fredericksburg  and  com- 
menced fortifying  it.  Steinwehr's  Division  held  to  the  left  of  the  Corps, 
Buschbeck's  Brigade  being  posted  south  of  the  Orange  Plank  Road,  and 
Barlow's  north  of  it.  On  the  morning  of  the  2d,  four  pieces  of  the  Sev- 
enth New  York  Battery,  Dilgers,  were  posted  on  a  slight  eminence  in  the 
rear  of  the  rifle-pits  occupied  by  five  companies  of  the  Seventy-third,  A, 
F,  D,  I  and  C,  the  remaining  companies  being  posted  in  rear,  connecting 
with  the  Twenty-seventh,  placed  in  division  columns.  The  sound  of 
working  parties  in  the  woods  in  front  had  been  heard  during  the  previous 
night,  and  during  the  day  frequent  rumors  were  brought  that  the  enemy 
was  moving  around  to  the  right;  but  little  heed  was  given  to  them.  To- 
wards evening  Schurz's  Division  on  the  extreme  right  was  struck  in  flank 
and  rear  by  a  powerful  force  of  the  enemy,  led  by  Stonewall  Jackson. 
It  fell  like  an  avalanche  upon  Devens'  Brigade  which  gave  way  in  utter 
rout,  and  with  such  impetuosity  was  the  advantage  followed  that  brigade 
after  brigade  yielded.  At  half  past  five  the  enemy,  carrying  all  before 
him,  had  reached  Buschbeck's  Brigade.  As  he  came  within  range,  the  ar- 
tillery opened  with  good  effect  and  the  infantry,  taking  shelter  behind 
their  slight  breast-works,  poured  in  round  upon  round  in  rapid  succes- 
sion. Attacked  in  rear,  they  were  obliged  to  take  to  the  opposite  side  of 
their  works  from  which  they  were  faced.  For  a  moment  his  advance  was 
checked.  But  lapping  around  upon  both  flanks  of  this  little  command  of 
less  than  two  thousand  men,  with  his  overpowering  numbers,  it  was  In 
danger  of  being  swallowed  up  in  the  mad  onset.  Already  the  artillery 
horses  had  been  killed,  and  the  enemy  was  upon  the  guns.  Colonel 


168  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Moore,  turning  to  Lieutenant  Wild,  who  was  conducting  his  men  out 
of  the  rifle-pits  to  the  rear,  ordered  him  and  other  officers  near  to  form 
their  men  in  rear  of  a  small  log  hut  and  then  re-join  the  regiment.*  As 
he  was  giving  the  command  he  was  struck  by  a  rifle  ball  passing  through 
the  left  lung,  inflicting  a  severe  wound,  supposed  at  the  time  to  be  mortal, 
and  was  left  upon  the  field.  Seizing  two  of  the  pieces  the  men  dragged 
them  away  as  they  went  back.  The  brigade  rested  with  the  batteries  near 
the  Chancellor  House  during  the  night.t  On  the  following  day  the  corps 
held  its  position  In  the  new  line  covering  United  States  Ford,  where,  be- 
hind well  constructed  breast-works,  it  repulsed  every  attack  of  the 
enemy.  On  the  morning  of  the  6th  of  May,  the  regiment  retired  with  the 
army  and  returned  to  Its  old  camp  near  Falmouth.  The  loss  was  thir- 
teen killed,  fifty-four  wounded  and  thirty-nine  missing.  Captain  Gilti- 
nan  was  among  the  killed,  and  Colonel  Moore,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Strong, 
Major  Shultz  and  Captain  Leibfried  among  the  wounded,  the  latter 
mortally. 

Remaining  in  camp  until  the  12th  of  June,  it  started  on  the  Gettysburg 
campaign,  and  moved  leisurely  to  the  vicinity  of  Edward's  Ferry.  On 
the  24th  it  crossed  the  Potomac,  and  at  three  o'clock  on  the  afternoon 
of  the  1st  of  July,  arrived  at  the  battlefield.  A  considerable  part  of  the 
corps  was  already  engaged  on  the  right  of  the  town  and  hotly  pressed. 
The  First  Corps,  which  had  been  engaged  on  Seminary  Ridge,  was  soon 
driven  back,  and  with  the  Eleventh  retreated  through  the  town  in  some 
confusion,  retiring  to  Cemetery  Hill,  where  the  artillery,  under  General 
Steinwehr,  had  been  posted  earlier  in  the  day.  As  the  rear  of  the  Union 
forces  was  retiring  from  the  town,  closely  followed  by  the  enemy,  the 
Seventy-third  was  ordered  forward,  and  charged  through  the  orchard 
just  below  the  Cemetery,  checking  the  pursuit  and  occupying  the  houses 
on  either  side  of  the  Baltimore  Pike.  Companies  A,  F  and  D,  under 
Captain  D.  F.  Kelly,  seized  the  house  on  the  right  of  the  pike;  Companies 
E  and  H  under  Captain  Kennedy,  a  house  on  the  left,  opposite  Captain 
Kelly;  Companies  B,  C  and  K,  Captains  Miller  and  McGovern,  under 
Captain  John  Kelly,  a  stone  wall  on  the  left;  and  Companies  G  and  I, 
Captains  Wild  and  Schaeffer,  the  tavern  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  and  at  the 
junction  of  the  Baltimore  and  Emmittsburg  pikes.  A  brisk  fire  was  at 
once  opened  which  completely  swept  all  the  approaches,  and  checked  the 

•Buschbeck,  holding  with  his  brigade  the  extreme  left  of  the  Eleventh  Corps,  made  a 
good  fight,  and  only  retired  after  both  his  flanks  were  turned,  and  then  In  good  order. — 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  Swlnton,  page  286. 

tThree  regiments  under  Colonel  Buschbeck,  and  located  on  the  left  of  the  line,  held 
their  position  bravely,  and  fought  till  they  were  completely  outflanked.  They  held  their 
ground  so  well,  although  compelled  to  take  the  outside  of  their  defences  (the  enemy 
coming  opposite  to  their  proper  front),  that  some  of  our  artillery  was  enabled  to  bring 
a  most  destructive  fire  upon  the  rebels  as  they  came  tumbling  and  rushing  furiously  on. 
The  artillery  held  to  the  last,  and  Indeed  some  pieces  were  lost  by  the  killing  of  the 
horses.  Every  effort  was  made  to  rally  the  troops  all  the  way  along,  and  especially 
when  any  possible  position  presented  Itself,  such  as  a  fence  or  thick  woods.  All  was 
In  vain,  and  when  Colonel  Buschbeck  had  been  forced  to  retire.  General  Howard  then 
parsed  to  the  rear  of  Berry's  Division,  and  there  first  succeeded  In  halting  and  rallying 
the  corps.— Moore's  Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  VI,  page  592. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  169 

enemy's  advance,  the  fire  from  the  companies  behind  the  stone  wall  prov- 
ing very  effective.  The  fire  from  the  houses  occupied,  commanded  the 
streets  and  tops  of  the  buildings  in  the  town,  and  protected  the  cannoniers 
of  Steinwehr's  artillery  on  the  heights  above.  On  the  morning  of  July  2, 
the  regiment  was  relieved  by  remnants  of  the  One  hundred  and  fifty- 
fourth,  and  One  hundred  and  thirty-fourth  New  York,  a  large  proportion 
of  whose  men  and  officers  were  lost  in  retreating  through  the  town  on  the 
previous  evening,  and  was  posted  on  Cemetery  Hill  near  the  point  where 
the  line  crossed  the  Taneytown  road,  and  in  rear  of  the  batteries  of  the 
Fourth  United  States  Artillery.  The  position  which  the  corps  here  occu- 
pied was  in  the  form  of  a  letter  V,  the  apex  pointing  towards  town,  the 
two  receding  lines  being  exposed  to  the  same  fire  from  opposite  directions, 
the  enemy's  shells  frequently  passing  over  both  lines  towards  his  forces 
on  the  opposite  side.  At  the  close  of  the  day,  and  when  it  was  already 
quite  dark,  the  enemy  attacked  the  brigade  battery  posted  on  the  right  of 
the  pike,  with  great  impetuosity  and  daring.  As  the  rebels  approached 
under  cover  of  the  Cemetery  Hill,  Captain  Kelly  in  command  of  the 
regiment,  was  not  aware  that  a  charge  was  being  made,  until  they  were 
already  upon  the  guns  and  struggling  with  the  troops  in  their  support. 
Moving  rapidly  to  their  assistance,  in  connection  with  the  Twenty-sev- 
enth Pennsylvania,  it  assisted  in  repulsing  the  attack  upon  the  left  and  in 
bringing  the  guns  into  play.  On  the  3d,  the  regiment  remained  in  the 
position  held  during  the  previous  evening,  and  in  the  afternoon,  while  the 
fearful  cannonade  was  in  progress  which,  preceded  the  final  struggle,  it 
was  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  guns  from  a  circuit  of  two  or  three 
miles.  On  the  morning  of  the  4th,  sharp  skirmishing  was  kept  up  until 
nine  A.  M.,  when,  it  having  been  discovered  that  the  enemy  was  falling 
back,  the  Seventy-third  was  ordered  into  tu.  cown.  His  skirmishers  kept 
up  a  steady  fire  as  they  were  pushed  bad  The  streets  were  soon  bar- 
ricaded, and  were  occupied  by  the  brigaae.  Captain  Kennedy  who  was 
field  officer  of  the  brigade,  discovered  soon  after  dark  that  his  skir- 
mishers had  withdrawn  altogether.  The  regiment  had  no  field  officer 
in  this  battle,  but  was  led  by  the  senior  Captain,  D.  F.  Kelly.  The  loss 
was  eight  killed  and  twenty-six  wounded. 

The  regiment  returned  with  the  army  into  Virginia  after  the  escape  of 
L.ee,  and  moved  with  it  to  Bristoe  Station,  whence  with  the  two  New 
York  regiments  of  the  brigade,  it  returned  to  Catlett's  Station,  and  after 
some  delay  at  Manassas  Junction,  to  Alexandria.  Here  it  was  engaged 
in  guarding  and  conducting  to  the  front  the  drafted  men,  who  were  be- 
ing received,  armed,  equipped,  and  assigned  to  regiments.  Colonel 
Moore  who  had  so  far  recovered  from  his  wounds  as  to  take  the  field, 
rejoined  the  regiment,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  the  entire  force 
at  Alexandria. 

Soon  after  the  disasters  at  Chickamauga,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth 
Corps,  under  command  of  General  Hooker,  were  ordered  to  Tennessee  to 
the  succor  of  General  Rosecrans.  The  three  regiments,  under  command 
of  Colonel  Moore,  left  Alexandria  on  the  26th  of  September,  and  on  the  2d 


160  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

of  Octooer,  arrived  at  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  where  they  rejoined  ihe 
corps.  Here  they  remained  doing  picket  and  guard  duty  and  repairing 
roads.  They  also  made  several  very  successful  foraging  expeditions  Into 
the  enemy's  country,  receiving  the  thanks  of  General  Howard  in  very 
flattering  terms;  for  at  this  time  man  and  beast  were  suffering  greatly 
for  want  of  food.  On  the  27th  of  October  they  moved  on  through  Look- 
out Valley  towards  Chattanooga.  As  they  passed  the  neighborhood  of 
Wauhatchie  the  brigade  encountered  a  body  of  the  enemy,  and  after  a 
sharp  skirmish  drove  him  across  the  creek,  and  burned  the  bridge.  The 
loss  in  the  Seventy-third  was  two  killed  and  seven  wounded.  As  the 
column  moved  along  the  valley  the  enemy  fired  upon  it  from  the  heights 
of  Lookout  with  his  artillery,  but  did  little  damage.  Shortly  after  mid- 
night of  the  29th,  Geary's  Division  was  attacked  at  Wauhatchie,  and  the 
regiment,  with  other  forces,  was  ordered  back  to  its  support.  On  the 
way  his  forces  were  encountered  and  after  determined  resistance  was 
driven  from  the  heights  on  which  he  had  intrenched  himself.  "The  at- 
tack," says  General  Grant  in  his  official  report,  "on  Geary  failed,  and 
Howard's  Corps  which  was  moving  to  the  assistance  of  Geary,  finding 
that  It  was  not  required  by  him,  carried  the  remaining  heights  held  by 
the  enemy  west  of  Lookout  Creek."* 

On  the  22d  of  November,  the  brigade  marched  to  Chattanooga.  Colonel 
Moore,  who  was  still  suffering  from  his  wounds,  was  obliged  again  to  re- 
tire, and  as  the  regiment  had  no  field  officers,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Joseph 
B.  Taft,  of  the  One  hundred  and  forty-third  New  York,  was  assigned  to 
its  command.  The  Thirty-third  New  Jersey  had  recently  been  added  to 
the  brigade.  On  the  24th,  three  regiments,  the  Seventy-third  and  Twenty- 
seventh  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Thirty-third  New  Jersey,  under  the  per- 
sonal direction  of  General  Howard,  moved  some  four  or  five  miles  up  the 
Tennessee  river,  where  a  junction  was  formed  with  the  army  of  General 
Sherman.  On  the  following  morning  the  battle  opened  at  an  early 
hour,  and  at  midday  the  regiment  was  ordered  into  line  for  the  advance. 
The  enemy,  three-fourths  of  a  mile  away,  occupied  the  summits  of  Mis- 
sionary Ridge  \\ith  arlilkiy  and  infantry  in  breast-works,  with  a  line 
of  Infantry  in  rifle-pits  at  its  base.  In  front  was  an  open  plane  with  no 
obstruction,  except  a  slight  fence  and  a  dry  ditch.  The  regiment  ad- 
vanced at  double  quick,  and  soon  upon  the  run,  the  shells  from  the 
enemy's  artillery,  and  the  steady  flre  from  his  rifle-pits  sweeping  the 
ranks  with  terrible  effect.  When  within  fifty  yards  of  the  rifle-pits  his 
infantry  behind  them  broke  and  fled  up  the  hill.  The  abandoned  works 
were  soon  occupied  and  a  rapid  flre  opened.  A  house  and  out-buildings 
just  in  rear  of  this  line  was  still  occupied  by  the  enemy;  but  from  these 
he  was  driven,  firing  the  buildings  as  he  left  them.  This  position  the 
regiment  held  against  every  attempt  to  dislodge  it.  The  ammunition 
was  finally  exhausted,  and  Colonel  Taft,  who  had  thrice  sent  for  a  fresh 
supply,  started  himself  to  secure  it  and  to  ask  for  supports.  He  had 

•Moore's   Rebellion   Record.    Vol.    VIII.    page  193. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  161 

scarcely  moved  from  the  works  when  he  received  a  mortal  wound.  His 
last  words  were,  "Hold  this  position  at  all  hazards."  "He  pressed  my 
hand,"  says  Captain  Kennedy,  "and  kept  repeating  the  words,  'Hold  the 
position  at  all  hazards.'  "  A  small  quantity  of  ammunition  was  ob- 
tained from  the  bodies  of  the  dead  and  wounded.  At  half-past  four 
P.  M.,  a  brigade  from  the  Western  Army  came  to  its  support.  In  the 
most  gallant  manner  it  advanced,  the  brigade  general  at  its  head,  each 
Colonel  in  front  of  his  regiment,  and  as  it  passed  at  double  quick,  on  a 
left  half  wheel,  the  men  in  the  pits  cheered  loudly.  But  unfortunately 
it  was  almost  immediately  repulsed,  and  came  back  in  utter  confusion, 
about  three  hundred  of  its  number  taking  shelter  behind  the  rifle-pits 
with  the  Seventy-third.  Emboldened  by  this  disaster,  the  enemy  came 
out  of  his  works,  charged  down  the  hill,  flanked  the  position,  and  cap- 
tured nearly  the  entire  party  at  its  base.  Only  about  twenty-five  of  the 
regiment  escaped.  Eight  officers  and  eighty-nine  men  were  taken  pris- 
oners. It  entered  the  battle  about  three  hundred  strong.  Captain  Schaef- 
fer  lost  a  leg.  Captain  Goeble,  and  Lieutenants  Wild  and  Hess  were 
wounded.  Captains  D.  F.  Kelly,  John  Kelly  and  John  Kennedy,  and 
Lieutenants  McNiece,  McGovern,  Moore,  Fontaine,  and  Dieffenbach  were 
captured.  The  captured  party  was  hurried  away  to  Atlanta,  and  thence 
to  Richmond,  the  officers  being  consigned  to  Libby,  and  the  men  to 
Belle  Isle.  The  flag,  in  the  confusion  of  the  surrender,  was  torn  from  the 
staff,  taken  by  Captain  Kennedy,  concealed  about  his  person,  and  through 
the  long  'months  of  his  imprisonment  was  studiously  preserved  from 
rebel  eyes,  and  brought  safely  home  upon  his  release.  It  now  has  a  place 
among  the  tattered  ensigns  in  the  archives  of  the  State,  an  object  of 
special  interest  to  visitors  at  the  Capitol. 

The  few  men  who  escaped  capture,  and  the  wounded  and  detached  men 
who  afterwards  returned  to  the  ranks,  marched  with  Sherman,  after  the 
battle,  to  East  Tennessee  to  the  relief  of  Burnside,  and  endured  great 
suffering  on  this  march,  which  was  made  without  overcoats  or  blankets. 
On  their  return  they  went  into  winter  quarters  near  Chattanooga,  and 
early  in  January  the  most  of  them  re-enlisted,  receiving  a  veteran  fur- 
lough. They  returned  to  Philadelphia  under  the  charge  of  Major  Charles 
C.  Cresson,  who  had  shortly  before  been  promoted  from  Captain.  At  the 
expiration  of  the  furlough,  with  a  number  of  recruits,  they  returned  to 
the  front  in  time  to  join  in  the  campaign  to  Atlanta.  Buschbeck's  Brigade 
formed  the  Second  of  the  Second  Division,  under  General  Geary,  of  the 
Twentieth  Corps,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth 
Corps,  and  commanded  by  General  Hooker. 

In  the  fierce  fighting  of  Sherman's  advance  in  Georgia,  where  for  a  hun- 
dred days  the  rattle  of  musketry  and  roar  of  artillery  was  hardly  hushed 
for  a  single  hour,  the  regiment  shared  the  fortunes  of  the  White  Star 
Division,  and  when  danger  was  to  be  met  was  with  the  foremost  of  that 
veteran  legion.  In  the  battle  of  Pine  Knob,  Captain  Henry  Hess,  a  gal- 
lant officer,  while  in  command  of  the  skirmish  line,  was  mortally 
wounded. 

n 


162  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cresson  the  regiment 
marched  with  the  division  to  the  sea,  and  north  through  the  Carolinas  to 
Raleigh,  where  Sherman  received  the  surrender  of  Johnston,  and  the  war 
was  substantially  closed.  From  Raleigh  it  marched  to  Alexandria,  Vir- 
ginia, where  on  the  14th  of  July,  1865,  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

75TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

ORCHARD  KNOB,  NOVEMBER  14,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  CORPORAL  JACOB  UL,L,MANN. 

COMRADES  of  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
Ladies*  and  Gentlemen:— In  conformity  with  the  expressed  desire 
of  the  Veteran  Association  of  our  regiment,  I  have  the  honor  to  offi- 
ciate to-day  as  chaiiman  of  the  committee  on  dedication.  The  honor 
which  my  comrades  have  reposed  in  me  I  appreciate  fully,  yet  I  confess 
I  am  unable  in  terms  forcible  enough  to  convey  to  you  the  deep  gratifi- 
cation which  I  feel.  The  hand  thankfully  extended,  the  grateful  expres- 
sive eye,  oft  are  indicative  of  more  emotion  than  an  avalanche  of  words 
however  well  composed  and  oratorically  delivered.  Such  is  the  case  with 
me  now.  My  earnest  thanks  which  I  now  express  to  you  for  the  honor 
conferred  upon  me  ought  to  be  equally  convincing.  Without  trespass- 
ing upon  the  domain  of  our  oiato:s,  I  think  it  appropriate  before  com- 
mencing the  exercises  proper  to  comment  upon  your  committee's  work 
and  decision. 

The  monument  within  whose  shadow  we  so  reverently  have  gathered 
was  constructed  from  the  plans  approved  by  our  Veteran  Association. 
I  think  we  have  just  cause  for  congratulation,  both  because  of  its  design 
and  its  execution.  Its  simplicity,  not  detracting,  rather  enhancing  its 
dignity,  must  appeal  to  us  all.  It  is  in  the  fullest  sense  of  the  word  a 
monument.  No  attempt  has  been  made  to  gain  architectural  laurels  and 
then  be  doomed  to  dismal  failure.  Such,  I  regret,  has  too  frequently  been 
the  case  in  the  erection  of  monuments.  Your  committee  had  in  mind  a 
memorial,  which  should  withstand  the  onward  march  of  time,  and  while 
still  honoring  our  beloved  dead  should  be  without  affectation  and  be  as 
imposing  and  inspiring  to-day  as  yesterday.  It  has  unfortunately  been 
my  experience  in  viewing  various  battlefields  to  find  that  monuments 
over  nicely  constructed,  bordering  on  the  gaudy,  sooner  or  later,  both  by 
exposure  to  time  and  weather,  and  to  the  onslaughts  of  the  mischief 
seeker,  have  lost  their  original  beauty,  causing  much  anguish  to  their 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  168 

erectors  and  expressions  of  regret  from  the  sympathetic  observer.  Mani- 
festly such  will  not  be  the  fate  of  our  monument;  it  shall  stand  like  Gib- 
ralter  for  all  ages.  From  the  distance  the  observer  can  see  the  coat  of 
arms  of  the  Keystone  State,  informing  him  that  upon  this  sacred  ground 
Pennsylvania's  sons  fought  to  uphold  the  national  honor.  And,  too,  may 
it  tell  that  although  not  numerically  strongest,  our  kinsmen,  the  patriotic 
Germans,  contributed  the  largest  percentage  of  the  foreign  forces  enlisted 
in  the  service  of  the  United  States  of  America.  In  recognition  of  our 
great  efforts,  as  well  as  those  of  other  regiments,  our  great  State,  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  has  donated  the  funds  for  the  erection 
at  this  place  of  this  monument,  that  we  should  honor  with  fitting 'cere- 
monies, those  at  whose  side  we  so  valiantly  fought,  who  have  shed  here 
their  life's  blood.  To  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  our  State — the 
Legislature  and  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  we  are  indebted  for  their 
magnanimous  support  of  the  measures  of  appropriation  and  thank  them 
heartily.  In  conclusion,  permit  me  on  behalf  of  the  committee  on  dedi- 
cation to  thank  the  members  of  our  veteran  organization  for  the  honor 
they  have  conferred  on  us,  without  egotism,  fervently  hoping  that  you 
will  acknowledge  that  we  have  discharged  our  duties  faithfully,  and  that 
your  confidence  has  not  been  misplaced.  I  now  have  the  honor  to  present 
our  officiating  Chaplain,  Comrade  Charles  Preusch,  who  shall  open  the 
exercises  with  a  prayer. 


PRAYER  BY  SERGEANT  CHARLES  PREUSCH. 

GOD!  GOD!  Mighty  and  merciful  Ruler  of  the  Universe,  we,  assem- 
bled upon  this  hallowed  ground,  reverently  bow  our  heads  at  the 
realization  of  the  great  power  and  goodness  that  everywhere  mani- 
fests itself.  The  mountains  about  us,  the  verdure-shorn  fields,  'the  silver 
river  twining  its  way  caressingly  at  the  base  of  these  great  heights,  trav- 
ersing noiselessly  the  broad  expanse  before  us  and  losing  itself  in  the  dis- 
tance, proclaim  the  sublimity  of  your  Divine  presence.  We  thank  Thee, 
Almighty  God,  for  Thy  unspeakable  goodness  in  permitting  us,  this  day, 
to  assemble  about  this  monument  to  honor  our  brethern,  who  have  con- 
secrated this  ground  with  their  blood, — blood  shed  for  the  magnanimous 
cause  of  liberty  and  justice.  In  your  infinite  wisdom  you  had  commanded 
us  to  unsheathe  the  sword,  to  carry  the  dreadful  musket  into  our  broth- 
er's territory,  to  invade  his  land,  to  forcibly  enter  his  home  and  spread 
death  and  destruction  before  us. 

What  a  precious  gift  is  peace!  The  sword  long  since  rests  in  its  scab- 
bard; the  fearful  roar  of  the  cannon  has  long  since  been  stilled.  Mani- 
festations of  fraternal  relationship  exist  everywhere.  Through  Thy 
grace,  Merciful  God,  the  differing  brothers  have  long  since  been  recon- 
ciled. We  have  enjoyed  bounteously  of  Thy  goodness  in  the  past  genera- 
tion. We  beseech  Thee,  O  God,  preserve  for  us  this  precious  gift  for  all 


164  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

eternity.  Let  not  internal  strife  again  visit  our  land;  let  not  the  seeds  of 
discord  germinate  upon  our  soil,  and  may  peace,  from  which  unspeakable 
benefits  flow,  be  maintained.  We  ask  all  in  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ, 
Our  Lord,  Amen. 


ADDRESS  OF  PRIVATE  JOHN  ULLMANN. 

COMRADES  of  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran 
Volunteers: — From  the  cosy  firesides  of  the  Keystone  State  we  have 
Journied  to  the  sunny  south  for  a  sublime  purpose — the  dedication 
of  this  memorial  around  which  we  are  at  present  assembled.  The  deeds  of 
great  men,  and  of  races  of  men,  are  immortal;  they  are  perpetuated 
through  all  time  by  the  pages  of  history,  their  praises  are  sung  by  the 
poets,  and  the  sculptor  hews  from  the  shapeless  masses  of  stone  or  gran- 
ite allegorical  pictures  of  their  deeds — admonitions  to  all  posterity.  The 
traveller,  in  Egypt,  sees  before  him  stupendous  masses  of  stone — the  vast 
and  mysterious  architectural  evidences  of  a  once  powerful  country;  the 
pyramids,  the  ruins  of  Karnak  and  the  sphinx  testify  to  a  glorious  past. 
Majestically  they  stand,  symbolical  of  eternity;  for  and  from  all  time. 
We  stand  speechless  in  the  contemplation  of  the  magnitude  of  this 
splendor.  Friends,  I  ask  you,  are  these  not  tangible  evidences  of  the  in- 
dustry and  culture  of  a  race  now  extinct?  Let  us  cross  the  Mediterranean 
and  journey  to  the  former  Mecca  of  Grecian  learning,  the  famous  Athens. 
Upon  the  Acropolis  stands  the  ruins  of  a  once  imposing  edifice — the  glory 
of  Athens — the  Parthenon.  We  gaze  with  veneration  upon  this  sublime 
structure  and  recall  the  glories  of  a  once  splendid  state,  and  ponder  well 
how  this  patriotic  and  liberty  loving  people,  the  most  democratic  of  all 
European  people — the  moulders  of  human  thought,  the  pioneers  of  all 
learning,  had  met  decay.  Such  famous  names  as  Homer,  Aeschylus, 
Herodutus,  Demosthenes,  Plato,  Aristotle,  Plutarch  and  Ptolemy,  of 
whom  we  all  have  heard,  present  themselves  to  our  minds.  We  gaze 
thoughtfully  upon  these  stately  ruins,  we  view  the  territory  about  us, 
and  think  upon  the  heroic  Greeks,  who  congregated  here.  The  scene 
changes  and  we  find  ourselves  in  Rome.  We  stand  before  the  Coliseum, 
whose  lonely  walls  still  tower  with  all  their  massive  strength  to  greet 
the  skies.  The  epoch-making  men  who  were  wont  to  congregate  there, 
the  great  events  that  were  concocted  thero,  the  causes  which  brought 
about  the  decline  and  fall  of  that  great  empire,  which  had  for  centuries 
dominated  the  entire  world,  present  themselves  to  our  minds. 

In  the  centre  of  the  splendor  of  Paris,  upon  an  elevation  from  which 
radiate  one-half  of  the  finest  avenues  in  existence,  the  Champs  Elysees, 
Garden  of  the  Tuilleries,  etc.,  stands  the  Triumphal  Arch  of  Napoleon, 
erected  to  commemorate  the  marvelous  victories  of  Marengo,  Jena, 
Rivoll,  Austerlitz,  Smolenck  and  Borodino.  Upon  the  walls  of  this  unsur- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  165 

passable  arch  of  grandeur  are  carved  the  numerous  achievements  of  the 
French  people,  and  within  its  walls  are  contained  hundreds  of  names  of 
illustrious  Frenchmen.  We  are  intoxicated  by  its  architectural  beauty, 
and  as  a  true  Frenchman,  momentarily  forgetting  our  genealogy,  we 
are  thrilled  with  enthusiasm  at  the  great  victories  it  commemorates.  But 
my  friends  and  comrades  contemplating  the  despotic  character  of  its 
chief  actor — the  Man  of  Destiny,  and  the  principles  which  he  represented 
and  exercised — the  hopeless  struggle  of  might  against  right — becomes 
manifest.  The  historical  pictures  which  I  have  thus  far  drawn,  illustrate, 
distinctly  and  emphatically,  the  ostentatious  and  unstable  form  of  des- 
potic or  monarchial  government.  It  is  a  great  object  lesson  and  worthy 
of  serious  contemplation.  We  see,  as  we  scan  the  pages  of  history,  the 
progressive  steps  that  have  been  made  by  free  institutions;  we  behold  the 
great  sacrifices  that  have  been  spent  to  attain,  defend  and  advance  the 
precious  and  undying  principle  of  liberty  and  equality.  In  the  heart  of 
the  city  of  Boston  stands  the  colossal  monument  of  Bunker  Hill.  Upon 
the  night  of  the  16th  of  June,  1775,  the  American  patriots  resisted  the 
armed  forces  of  despotic  England.  We  are  admonished  by  it  to  defend 
the  glorious  democratic  principle  for  which  these  brave  continentals  have 
shed  their  blood.  We  are  inspired  by  the  patriotic  accomplishments  of 
Washington,  Franklin,  Greene,  Morris  and  others.  We,  the  few  sur- 
vivors of  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  stand 
reverently  upon  this,  our  Bunker  Hill.  We  come  to  honor  those  who  have 
shed  their  blood  to  uphold  this  sublime  principle;  those  who,  oppressed 
by  the  tyrannical  rule  of  the  absurd,  unjust,  untenable  Divine — right 
rule  had  left,  discouraged  and  disheartened,  their  native  lands  to  en- 
deavor in  this  land  of  greatest  possibilities  to  lend  their  energies  to  the 
development  of  the  imperishable  form  of  government  of,  for  and  by  the 
people. 

What  our  noble  German  brethreji  have  done  to  preserve  this  grand 
Union,  we  expect  in  the  dedication  of  this  memorial  to  donate  to  posterity 
what  the  survivors  have  contributed.  We  point  proudly  to  our  tireless 
industry  in  the  development  of  the  industrial,  commercial  and  agricul- 
tural advantages  of  our  Great  Republic  and  the  allegiance  which  we,  at 
this  sacred  shrine,  assert  anew.  We  are  the  descendants  of  a  great  peo- 
ple; we  have  contributed  a  recognized  potent  influence  in  developing  this 
country.  Our  kinsmen  navigate  the  great  lakes;  they  are  to  be  found 
upon  the  cotton  plantations  of  the  sunny  south.  Their  efficiency  is  felt 
in  the  great  west;  their  astuteness  of  mind  and  vigor  of  body  is  acknowl- 
ledged  in  the  great  commercial  and  industrial  walks  of  the  east.  As  the 
philosopher  moralized  before  the  Egyptian  architecture,  and  before  the 
Parthenon,  the  Coliseum  and  Napoleon's  Arch,  so  shall  he  stop  here  and 
moralize.  As  they  have  withstood  the  onward  march  of  time,  so  will 
this — they  commemorating  the  former  splendor  of  a  declined  people,  this 
proclaiming  the  sacrifices  that  were  offered  in  defending,  upholding  and 
preserving  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  of  America.  Vividly 
shall  flash  before  his  mind  the  names  of  great  men  of  our  race  whom 
we  have  given  this  country  and  the  great  deeds  which  they  have 


166  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

enacted  here.  He  shall  review  the  history  of  Teutonic  emigration 
from  Its  exodus  to  his  time.  He  shall  speak  of  Pastorius  and  his 
followers  who  with  Penn  laid  the  foundation  of  the  great  Keystone 
State.  He  shall  proceed  further  in  the  pages  of  history  and  see  the  il- 
lustrious names  of  Sigel.  Schurz,  Blenker,  Stelnwehr  and  others,  and  shall 
visit  the  busy  hives  of  industry,  where  their  Influence  is  felt.  The  cos- 
mopolitan character  of  his  adopted  land  shall  be  shown  him,  and  the  ben- 
efits which  have  accrued  by  injecting  into  a  nation's  life  the  potent  force 
of  an  Indefatigable  alien  people,  and  the  erection  of  a  nation  "conceived 
in  Liberty  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men  are  created 
equal,"  shall  be  shown  him.  More  than  a  generation  has  passed  since  we, 
the  survivors  of  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
have  met  upon  the  battlefield  of  Chattanooga.  Then,  dressed  In  the  arma- 
ments of  war,  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  and  the  mouth  of  the  cannon, 
we,  my  comrades,  opposed  upon  these  historic  grounds  our  foe.  Now  we 
come  offering  our  fraternal  opponents  the  cordial  hand  of  reconcilliation 
long  since  effected.  The  good  fellowship  now  existing  is  to  remain  for 
time  Immemorial.  The  wound  which  had  been  inflicted  by  the  struggle 
has  long  since  healed.  The  advance  which  the  United  States  of  America 
have  made  since  that  bloody  strife  stands  unparalleled  in  all  history. 
New  Inventions  and  the  refining  influence  of  that  great  factor  of  civiliza- 
tion, "Journalism,"  have  curtailed  distance  and  leveled  the  characteristic 
peculiarities  of  various  sections  and  states.  The  southern  planter  is 
thrown,  through  the  agency  of  steam  and  electricity,  into  intimate  rela- 
tionship with  his  brother  of  the  north.  The  manufactured  articles  and  in- 
digenous resources  of  the  east  are  sent  to  the  sturdy  agriculturist  of  the 
west.  We  are  one  great  family  united  under  the  glorious  banner  of  the 
"stars  and  stripes."  Fraternity  exists  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  our  land.  Sectionalism  has  been  eradicated.  The  stars  of  the  south 
float  proudly  over  the  great  industrial  centres  of  the  north;  the  stars  of 
the  west  over  the  great  commercial  ports  of  the  east.  It  is  one  flag,  one 
country,  now  and  forever. 


ADDRESS  OF  LIEUTENANT  T.  ALBERT  STEIGER. 

COMRADES:  We  have  met  here,  on  this  beautiful  Sabbath  morning, 
In  the  Southland,  to  perform  an  especial  duty,  that  most  fittingly 
commends  itself  to  our  keeping,  in  honor  and  praise  of  our  patriot 
dead,  and  in  testimony  of  the  valiant  services  of  the  living;   while  we 
alike  give  expression  to  our  love,  esteem  and  veneration  for  the  things 
Divine  as  well  as  for  the  heroism  of  those  of  our  departed  comrades 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  167 

who  lie  buried  within  the  surrounding  fields,  that  constitute  the  battle 
grounds  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  and  of  which  this 
little  knoll  of  Orchard  Knob  constitutes  the  initial  point  in  that  great  and 
glorious  action,  which  after  a  two  days'  most  stubbornly  contested  battle, 
resulted  in  the  capture  of  the  stately  mountain  peak  as  well  as  the 
entire  line  of  defences  along  the  crest  of  Missionary  Ridge.  As  we 
assemble  then  on  this  especial  occasion,  in  performance  of  this  laudatory 
service,  it  is  but  meet  that  we  should  feel  ourselves  impelled  to  give  vent 
to  our  penned  up  ardor  in  eulogy  of  their  noble  virtues  and  heroic  deeds. 

The  people  who  constituted  the  population  of  the  original  thirteen 
colonies,  together  with  their  descendants,  as  well  as  those  who  have  emi- 
grated to  this  country  and  now  make  up  the  great  population  of  over 
70,000,000,  were  impelled  to  people  this  new  country  by  the  love  of  human 
freedom  and  personal  liberty.  In  their  own  native  land  they  were  placed 
under  such  restrictions  that  true  lovers  of  human  freedom  could  not 
enjoy  the  personal  liberty  which  they  so  much  loved. 

This  great  nation  of  ours  was  undisturbed  by  internal  strife  and  had  no 
fear  of  a  disruption  of  this  great  Union  until  the  public  conscience  real- 
ized that  an  element  entirely  inconsistent  with  human  freedom  and 
personal  liberty  was  rapidly  dominating  a  great  part  of  national  legis- 
lation and  governmental  policy.  It  became  evident  to  many  that  this  con- 
dition could  not  exist  in  harmony  with  human  rights.  Previous  to  1860 
this  remained  simply  as  an  agitated  question.  From  the  south  there  was 
apprehensions  that  the  institution  of  slavery,  which  they  claimed  as 
a  constitutional  right,  could  not  continue  to  exist  and  the  Southern 
states  remain  a  part  of  the  American  Union. 

At  first  compromises  were  attempted,  but  in  this  case,  as  in  all  other 
cases  where  there  is  an  attempt  to  compromise  a  great  principle,  there 
was  a  failure.  There  was,  therefore,  organized  among  Southern  states- 
men a  plan  to  carry  the  Southern  states  out  of  the  American  Union,  and 
the  first  overt  act  was  displayed  in  firing  upon  the  American  flag  at  Fort 
Sumpter,  or  to  be  more  historically  correct,  the  firing  upon  the  flag  of 
the  "Star  of  the  West."  The  entire  people  of  the  United  States  were  at 
once  aroused  and  a  determination  was  at  once  manifested  by  the  people 
to  take  the  side  of  the  Union  or  ally  themselves  with  those  who  sought 
to  destroy  the  Union.  Among  the  people  of  the  North,  East  and  West, 
and  same  sections  of  the  Southwest,  there  was  almost  a  universal  de- 
termination to  maintain  the  Union  of  the  States.  The  Seventy-fifth 
Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  composed  almost  exclusively  of 
Germans  by  birth,  were  entirely  American  in  sentiment  and  patriotism. 
Their  love  of  human  freedom,  which  brought  them  to  this  country,  still 
animated  them  in  favor  of  the  American  Union,  the  only  true  exponent 
of  personal  liberty  and  human  freedom.  They  therefore  very  readily 
proffered  their  services  in  support  of  the  cause  espoused  by  the  country 
of  their  adoption. 

In  herewith  presenting  a  descriptive  statement  of  the  military  career  of 
our  regiment,  we  can  but  allude  to  the  principal  events  associated  with 
Its  official  distinction,  and  hence  must  necessarily  refer  our  friends  to 


168  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

its  own  enlarged  pages  of  history  for  a  more  detailed  recital  of  its  patri- 
otic services. 

The  Seventy-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry,  whose 
monument  we  are  here  assembled  to  dedicate,  was  recruited  at  Phila- 
delphia by  authority  of  the  Hon.  Simon  Cameron,  Secretary  of  War, 
under  the  call,  by  proclamation  of  July,  1861,  issued  by  President  Abra- 
ham Lincoln  in  obedience  to  the  Senate  bill  passed  in  extra  session  of  Con- 
gress authorizing  the  enlistment  of  500,000  volunteers  for  a  term  of  three 
years'  service. 

Mr.  Henry  Bohlen,  a  prominent  merchant  and  philanthropic  citizen 
of  Philadelphia,  was  commissioned  as  chief  officer  In  command  of  the 
same. 

The  gentlemen  filling  the  positions  of  field  and  staff  officers  were 
selected  by  Col.  Bohlen,  who  recommended  Francis  Mahler,  late  a  mili- 
tary officer  and  participant  in  the  Baden  revolution,  for  the  position  of 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Alvin  von  Matzdorff,  late  an  officer  and  par- 
ticipant in  the  Mexican  revolution  under  the  command  of  General 
Walker,  for  that  of  Major  of  the  regiment,  while  Roderick  Theune  was 
chosen  as  Adjutant  and  John  Weik  was  appointed  Quartermaster.  Doc- 
tors Carl  Bechen  and  Egon  A.  Koerper,  both  gentlemen  of  large  ex- 
perience in  their  profession,  were  selected  to  fill  the  position  of  Surgeon 
and  Assistant  Surgeon,  respectively,  and  Francis  Koekeritz  was,  some 
time  later,  appointed  chaplain  of  the  regiment,  which  position  he,  how- 
ever, filled  for  only  a  short  time. 

Recruiting  commenced  about  the  20th  day  of  July,  1861,  and  the  com- 
panies were  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States  upon  the  com- 
pletion of  their  maximum  number  of  enlistments. 

Camp  Worth,  located  in  West  Philadelphia,  so  named  in  honor  of 
General  Worth  with  whom  Colonel  Bohlen  shared  the  dangers  of  war 
during  the  Mexican  campaign,  was  chosen  as  a  rendezvous.  Here  the 
companies  received  their  uniforms  and  accoutrements  and  were  in- 
structed in  military  discipline  and  drill,  both  of  which  were  highly  cred- 
itable. 

The  regiment  was  composed  almost  wholly  of  Germans,  whose  pre- 
vious military  experience  was  very  commendable,  many  having  served 
in  the  German  army,  and  its  organization  was  therefore  distinctively 
regarded  as  a  German  regiment. 

Colonel  Bohlen,  from  his  ample  private  means,  defrayed  the  expenses 
of  organizing  the  regiment,  which  was  originally  known  as  the  Fortieth 
Regiment  of  the  Line  in  the  contingent  of  volunteers  from  Pennsylvania. 

The  regiment  left  Philadelphia  for  the  field,  about  800  strong,  on 
September  26,  1861,  proceeding  direct  to  Washington  and  carrying  with 
it  the  necessary  camp  and  garrison  equipage.  The  enlistments  were 
continued  however  until  the  ranks  of  the  several  companies  were  filled 
to  the  maximum  standard.  Its  first  formal  assignment  was  made  to 
General  Blenker's  division,  which  It  joined  on  September  29th  while  this 
German  division  was  encamped  at  Roach's  Mills.  Here  it  remained 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  169 

until  October  12th,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Hunter's  Chapel,  where  it 
went  into  winter  quarters.  On  November  20,  1861,  it  took  part  in  the 
grand  review  of  the  army,  consisting  of  70,000  men,  by  President  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  under  the  immediate  direction  of  Major  General  George  B. 
McClellan  commanding  the  army. 

December  1,  1861,  Colonel  Henry  Bohlen,  its  honored  commander,  was 
promoted  and  commissioned  a  Brigadier  General,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Francis  Mahler  succeeded  him  in  command  of  the  regiment. 

In  February  of  1862  the  regiment  received  two  guidons,  the  gift  of  Mr. 
George  K.  Ziegler,  and  on  March  5th  it  was  made  the  recipient  of  a 
beautiful  silk  flag  from  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  Governor  Andrew 
G.  Curtin  making  the  presentation  address,  which  was  responded  to  by 
the  officer  in  command,  who  pledged  the  earnest  devotion  and  loyal 
support  of  the  men  for  the  flag  of  their  adoption. 

The  regiment's  first  march  of  importance  was  made  with  the  general 
advance  of  the  army,  March  10,  1862,  when  it  proceeded  to  Burke's  Sta- 
tion, by  way  of  Annandale,  and  after  a  few  days'  detention  it  resumed 
the  march  on  the  15th  to  Fairfax  Court  House,  where  it  remained  for 
eight  days,  and  then  proceeded  to  Centreville,  occupying  the  earthworks 
just  vacated  by  the  enemy.  Here  it  remained  for  several  days  during 
which  it  suffered  much  from  the  scarcity  of  provisions.  It  continued 
its  advance,  reaching  Warrenton  Junction  on  the  26th,  passing  en 
route  over  the  battlefield  of  the  first  Bull  Run  fight,  on  which  traces  of 
the  sanguinary  conflict  of  July  21,  1861,  were  distinctly  visible. 

General  Blenker's  division  having  been  ordered  to  report  to  General 
Fremont,  in  command  of  the  Mountain  department,  it  left  camp  at  War- 
renton Junction  on  April  6,  1862,  moving  through  Warrenton  to  Salem, 
where  it  bivouacked  four  days,  taking  shelter  in  the  woods  during 
a  heavy  snow  storm.  It  proceeded  on  the  llth  via  Upperville  to  Paris, 
and  from  thence  to  Berry's  Ferry.  On  the  15th  of  April  it  was  ordered 
to  cross  the  Shenandoah  and  move  to  Winchester,  in  pursuit  of  Stonewall 
Jackson's  force,  then  confronting  General  Banks.  An  attempt  to  hasten 
the  transfer  of  the  men,  by  the  use  of  an  old  ferry  boat,  resulted  in  the 
swamping  of  the  overloaded  scow  and  caused  the  loss,  by  drowning,  of 
Captain  Christian  Wyck,  of  company  K,  and  Lieutenant  Adolph  Winter, 
of  company  I,  and  First  Sergeant  Joseph  Tiedemann,  of  company  K,  to- 
gether with  fifty  enlisted  men  of  these  two  companies.  Sergeant  Tiede- 
mann, an  expert  swimmer,  sacrificed  his  life  in  a  vain  effort  to  save  that 
of  his  Captain.  This  sad  calamity  cast  a  gloom  over  the  entire  regiment, 
which,  in  fact,  continued  to  haunt  it  most  assiduously  for  many  days. 

Leaving  Winchester  May  6,  1862,  the  regiment  marched  via  Romney 
and  Petersburg  to  Franklin.  Here  the  great  suffering  from  hunger  en- 
tailed upon  the  men  in  consequence  of  the  scarcity  of  provisions,  which 
had  to  be  brought  from  New  Creek,  70  miles,  over  a  rough  mountain 
road,  was  almost  beyond  the  possibility  of  human  endurance.  The  men 
were  here  reduced  to  such  pitiful  straits  that  some  of  them,  out  of  sheer 
desperation  from  hunger,  had  recourse  to  the  use  of  such  corn  as  they 
could  gather  from  the  ground  of  the  cavalry  and  wagon  camps  where,  In 


170  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

fact,  the  kernels  that  had  been  trodden  into  the  ground  as  a  waste  by  the 
horses  and  mule  teams,  were  eagerly  sought  after,  and,  upon  being 
washed  and  roasted,  it  was  eaten  with  a  relish  and  in  a  slight  degree 
served  to  appease  their  ravenous  hunger;  indeed,  the  suffering  here  en- 
dured for  want  of  ordinary  food  will  never  be  effaced  from  the  memory  of 
those  who  participated  in  these  memorable  privations,  the  severity  of 
which  are  made  more  apparent  when  you  reflect  that  eleven  crackers  in 
seven  days  were  the  allotted  portion  as  falling  to  some  of  the  men  during 
these  trying  marches. 

The  defeat  of  General  Banks'  troops  made  it  necessary  to  retrace  our 
steps.  Returning  to  Petersburg,  knapsacks  were  left,  and  the  march 
immediately  resumed.  Moving  rapidly  onward  through  Moorefleld  and 
Wardensville,  the  rear  of  General  Jackson's  forces  were  encountered  at 
Strasburg,  when  a  short  engagement  took  place,  resulting  in  but  few 
casualties. 

The  bridge  at  Mount  Jackson  having  been  destroyed  by  the  retreating 
foe,  our  onward  march  was  somewhat  delayed,  but  on  the  6th  day  of 
June,  1862,  the  column  was  enabled  to  move  towards  Harrisonburg,  and 
two  days  later,  or  June  8th,  the  regiment  was  engaged  at  Cross  Keys, 
where  it  received  its  baptismal  fire.  After  this  action  the  army  moved 
to  Mount  Jackson.  Here  Major  General  Carl  Schurz  succeeded  General 
Louis  Blenker  In  command  of  the  division,  and  General  Frans  Sigel 
attained  to  General  John  C.  Fremont's  command.  The  army  being  here 
reorganized,  the  Seventy-fifth  Pennsylvania  was  assigned  to  the  Second 
brigade,  Third  division,  First  corps,  Army  of  Virginia.  It  participated 
in  all  the  movements  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  from  Mount 
Jackson,  July  6,  1862,  through  Middletown,  Front  Royal  and  Luray, 
crossing  the  Blue  Ridge  through  Thornton's  Gap,  and  moving  onward, 
August  8th,  to  Culpepper  Court  House  on  the  occasion  of  the  battle  at 
Cedar  Mountain,  thence  to  the  Rappahannock  via  Culpepper,  and  which 
general  movement  finally  culminated  in  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
August  29  and  30,  1862,  in  which  the  regiment  took  a  most  conspicuous 
part,  gallantly  charging  the  enemy  against  greatly  superior  numbers, 
and  fighting  under  a  most  destructive  fire  until  relieved  by  fresh  troops 
when  its  supply  of  ammunition  was  almost  exhausted.  It  was,  without 
doubt,  absolutely  the  last  regiment  that  left  the  general  field  of  battle, 
and  crossed  the  Bull  Run  by  wading  through  the  stream.  This  was 
made  necessary  as  the  bridge  had  been  burned  in  the  night.  It  here 
sustained  the  loss  of  two  officers  and  twenty-eight  men  in  killed, 
and  five  officers  and  ninety-eight  men  wounded.  Lieutenants  William 
Froehlich  and  William  Bowen  were  among  the  killed.  Colonel  Francis 
Mahler,  Captain  Rudolph  Schwartz,  Adjutant  Theune  and  Lieutenants 
Ledig  and  Fromhagen  were  among  the  wounded.  Of  those  conspicu- 
ous for  coolness  and  courage,  and  deserving  of  especial  honor,  was  Color 
Sergeant  Robert  Jordan,  of  company  A,  formerly  an  officer  in  the  Schles- 
wig-Holstein  army.  He  fell  gallantly  bearing  aloft  the  flag  of  his  adopted 
country.  Especial  mention  was,  moreover,  made  in  official  reports  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  171 

gallantry  of  Sergeants  Charles  Haserodt,  of  company  A,  color  bearer; 
Eugene  Wiegand  and  Jacob  Maurer,  of  company  B;  John  Emleben,  who, 
though  wounded,  remained  on  the  field  and  took  the  flag  from  the 
hands  of  Sergeant  Jordan  as  he  fell;  Louis  Mahler  and  Jacob  Pauley,  of 
company  D;  George  Brueckmann,  of  company  F;  Henry  Schnell,  of  com- 
pany H,  and  Andrew  Schmidt,  of  company  I;  also  of  Corporals 
Schweigert,  Hanner,  Abraham  and  Rosenthal,  and  Private  Jacob  Ull- 
mann.  The  latter  comrade  we  have  the  extreme  pleasure  of  greeting 
here  to-day,  as  a  participant  in  these  ceremonial  exercises. 

After  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run  the  regiment  remained  in  the 
defences  about  the  capitol  city  of  Washington,  until  November  1,  1862, 
when  it  advanced  to  Fairfax  Court  House,  and  thereafter  participated 
in  every  general  movement  and  action  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
including  the  march  to  Fredericks'burg,  the  movement  of  General  Burn- 
side  to  Falmouth,  when  the  army  was  so  thoroughly  "stuck  in  the  mud" 
as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  rendering  an  effective  campaign;  fol- 
lowed by  the  flank  movement  incident  to  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville, 
and  culminating  with  the  grand  marches  northward,  and  the  routing 
of  Lee's  army  from  the  soil  of  Pennsylvania.  The  latter  grand  move- 
ment began  on  June  12,  1863,  when  the  army  marched  from  its  camps, 
in  the  vicinity  of  Stafford  Court  House,  Brooks  Station,  Falmouth,  and, 
going  northward,  passed  through  Hartwood,  Weaverville  and  Centre- 
ville.  Crossing  the  Potomac  at  Edward's  Ferry,  on  June  25th,  it  moved 
steadily  onward  through  Middletown,  Frederick  City  and  Emmittsburg, 
finally  reaching  Gettysburg,  on  the  morning  of  July  1,  by  way  of  the 
Taneytown  road,  after  the  most  strenuous  pursuit  of  a  forced  march  of 
fourteen  miles,  with  the  marching  column  somewhat  deflecting  towards 
the  Baltimore  pike,  and  striking  this  highway  near  the  southern  ap- 
proach to  the  town;  the  formation  of  the  troops  in  marching  order 
bringing  the  Second  brigade  of  the  Third  division,  Eleventh  corps,  in 
the  advance  for  the  day,  with  the  Seventy-fifth  Pennsylvania  leading 
the  •  marching  column.  Passing  through  the  town  the  regiment  took 
position  in  a  field  north  of  the  village,  and  to  the  right  of  the  Carlisle 
road,  where  it  was  almost  immediately  thrown  into  action,  in  which 
it  was  subjected  to  such  an  enfilading  fire,  inflicted  on  the  part  of  two 
opposing  rebel  regiments,  which  in  their  aggregate  strength  more  than 
thrice  outnumbered  its  own  complement  of  men,  that  within  the  brief 
space  of  fifteen  to  twenty-five  minutes  the  regiment  sustained  the  unpre- 
cedented loss  of  nearly  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  its  enlisted  men,  and 
more  than  fifty  per  cent,  of  its  commissioned  officers,  out  of  the  number 
actually  engaged  on  the  first  day's  battle  line,  and  I  unhesitatingly  de- 
clare that  this  statement  as  to  the  regimental  losses  cannot  be  refuted  by 
any  one  conversant  with  the  actual  facts  in  the  premises.  And  it  is 
therefore  its  proud  claim  that  it  here  sustained  a  greater  loss  in  the  num- 
ber of  its  killed  and  wounded,  compared  with  those  actually  engaged  in 
battle,  than  that  incurred  by  any  other  regiment  whose  high  laurels 
were  achieved  upon  this  pivotal  field  of  carnage. 
12 


172  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Among  tne  offices  killed  during  this  day's  conflict  were  Lieutenants 
Henry  Hauschild  and  Louis -Mahler.  The  former,  having  for  some  time 
been  a  resident  of  Gettysburg,  was  heartily  greeted  by  his  friends  and 
neighbors  as  we  rapidly  moved  forward  through  the  town  to  take  up 
our  position  in  line  of  battle.  First  Lieutenant  Wm.  J.  Sill  was  severely 
wounded  and  after  suffering  the  amputation  of  one  of  his  legs  died  on 
July  21st,  in  the  field  hospital.  Captain  Charles  Saalmann,  Lieutenants 
Jacob  Maurer  and  John  J.  Brandt  were  of  the  wounded. 

Colonel  Francis  Mahler,  the  gallant  officer  in  command  of  the  regiment, 
whose  horse  had  been  shot  from  under  him  during  the  earlier  part  of 
the  action,  and  in  falling  heavily  to  the  ground,  caught  the  Colonel's  left 
foot  under  it,  by  reason  of  which  mishap  he  sustained  a  very  painful 
injury,  and  who  had,  moreover,  been  twice  wounded,  the  latter  time 
mortally,  while  momentarily  occupying  a  very  exposed  position  in  ad- 
vance to  that  of  the  actual  battle  line,  at  a  small  gap  off  from  the  left 
of  the  regiment,  whither  he  had,  in  a  hobbling  manner  of  walk,  gone 
to  sustain  the  now  seriously  threatened  flank,  was  extricated  from  his 
perilous  position  by  the  personal  efforts  of  your  humble  speaker  and  with 
great  difficulty  brought  to  the  rear,  after  the  retirement  of  our  men  from 
the  actual  line  of  battle.  While  in  the  serious  predicament  of  this 
hazardous  position  we  were  both  furthermore  personally  subjected  to 
the  direct  fire  of  the  enemy,  then  still  comprising  the  opposing  forces  of 
the  two  aforesaid  rebel  regiments,  which  were  then  in  closer  proximity 
than  ever,  and  moreover  very  steadily  moving  upon  the  location  of  our 
position.  Many  of  the  men  leveled  their  guns;  some  of  them,  however, 
very  graciously  withdrew  them,  while  others  were  still  active  in  doling 
out  their  death  dealing  missiles,  being  evidently  intent  upon  the  con- 
tinuance of  a  transmission  of  their  rifle  balls  as  a  gentle  reminder  of 
their  companionable  greeting  and  soldierly  appreciation  (?)  of  my  friendly 
actions  in  aid  of  a  most  worthy  and  sorely  wounded  officer,  which  fiery 
attention,  In  point  of  fact,  I  confess  to  have  regarded  with  stoical  in- 
difference and  contempt,  and  as  offering  the  most  disdainful  act  that 
even  an  ungracious  foe  could  possibly  commit,  much  less  a  presumably 
intelligent  and  generous  one,  for  no  matter  how  seriously  they  knew  the 
Colonel  to  be  wounded  they  were  determined  to  end  his  life,  as  well  as 
mine,  if  possible,  by  continuing  the  flight  of  their  death  bearing  bullets. 

At  the  great  pivotal  battle  of  Gettysburg  the  Seventy-fifth  Pennsyl- 
vania stands  unexcelled  in  the  record  of  its  personal  bravery  and  the 
severity  of  its  losses.  This  German  regiment,  although  thrice  ordered  to 
withdraw,  was  the  last  to  retire  from  the  field,  and  was,  in  fact,  still 
performing  yeoman  service  on  the  battle  line  while  some  of  the  distinct- 
ively American  troops  were  actively  engaged  in  beating  a  precipitate 
retreat  and  through  their  indiscretion  and  lack  of  stability,  though  they 
could  readily  have  maintained  their  position,  caused  our  regiment  ex- 
ceptionable loss;  and  yet,  strange  to  say,  there  are  those  among  our 
English  speaking  companions  who  are  want  to  speak  in  terms  of  derision 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  173 

and  ofttirnes  find  themselves  inclined  to  stigmatize  the  "Dutch"  as 
lacking  in  the  staying  qualities  of  good  soldiers. 

In  connection  with  the  readiness  of  some  of  our  American  troops  to 
cast  every  odium  and  look  of  disdain  upon  their  German  companions 
in  arms,  it  may  be  said  that  much  of  this  adverse  criticism  of  the  con- 
duct of  the  German  soldier,  in  action,  is  due  to  the  incidental  retirement 
of  the  troops  comprising  the  Eleventh  army  corps,  mostly  composed  of 
Germans,  when  it  receded  in  disorder  in  consequence  of  its  utter  unpre- 
paredness  to  stem  the  terrific  onslaught  of  that  dashing  assault  born  of 
the  desperation  of  General  Stonewall  Jackson's  intrepid  and  resolute 
fighters  at  Chancellorsville,  Va.  This  corps  was,  by  mere  accident  due 
to  the  apparent  disregard  of  all  precautionary  measures  on  the  part 
of  those  more  directly  responsible  for  the  movements  of  the  army,  placed 
in  the  very  unfortunate  position  of  being  suddenly  confronted  with  an 
assaulting  column  of  greatly  superior  numbers  that  for  the  desperation 
of  its  onslaught  could  scarcely  have  been  exceeded  in  fierceness  through 
any  encounter  between  mortal  man.  The  attacking  column  came  like 
the  raging  of  a  great  torrent,  dashing  headlong  into  the  unsuspecting 
troops  that  lay  in  bivouac  along  an  approximate  battle  line,  with  arms 
stacked,  wholly  unprepared  to  resist  such  a  desperate  and  terrible 
charge;  in  fact,  it  is  within  the  bounds  of  every  consistent  regard  for  the 
valor  of  these  troops  to  assert,  that  no  body  of  men,  in  the  category  of 
nations,  Christian  or  heathen,  not  directly  prepared  in  expectation  of  an 
attack,  could  have  successfully  withstood  this  tremendous  onslaught, 
that  came  upon  these  unsuspecting  troops,  in  desperate  leaps  and  with 
overwhelming  power,  the  enemy  ever  pressing  onward  with  the  velocity 
of  an  avalanche,  and  alike  irresistible  force.  Thus  they  swept  every- 
thing before  them,  breaking  in  upon  its  position  with  scarcely  any  sem- 
blance of  military  order,  but  rather  running  along  in  a  helter-skelter  sort 
of  fashion,  four  lines  deep,  and  amidst  the  terrific  yell  of  veritable 
demons,  pounced  upon  our  bivouacking  line  then  serenely  resting  with 
muskets  stacked  which  many  of  the  men,  in  the  confusion  and  turmoil 
that  ensued,  failed  to  recover,  and  struggling  with  the  fury  of  maddened 
men,  they  fought  like  Trojans,  in  close  combat,  for  the  supremacy  of  their 
cause.  That  they  were  imbued  with  the  spirit  of  desperation  fomented 
through  alcoholic  inspiration  goes  without  saying,  and  was  a  matter 
of  current  statement  at  the  time,  for  no  ordinary  inclination  could  have 
impelled  them  to  enter  upon  such  a  wild  and  desperate  assault,  which 
from  the  extreme  dash  and  forcible  manner  of  its  execution,  much  to 
our  regret,  won  for  them  the  day  and  battle. 

In  thus  briefly  reviewing  the  deplorable  situation  of  the  Eleventh  Army 
Corps  and  its  unavoidable  action  or  disaster  at  Chancellorsville,  under 
the  distressing  circumstances  attending  its  actual  surroundings,  it 
may  not  be  amiss  to  remind  our  English  speaking  companions,  who  are 
so  readily  inclined  to  deride  the  soldierly  qualities  of  their  German  asso- 
ciates, that  even  amidst  all  this  unfortunate  occurrence  it  is  perhaps 
well  to  remember  that  the  English  regiments  of  the  Corps  were  among 
the  first  to  give  way  under  the  ever  pressing  dare  devil  onslaught;  while 


174  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

it  was  left  to  the  exclusively  German  commands  to  stem  the  tide  of  the 
ferocious  assault  and  temporarily,  at  least,  arrest  Its  swift  onward 
progress. 

With  these  facts  so  vividly  before  us  may  we  not  hope  that  a  fairer 
construction  be  put  upon  the  ostensible  shortcomings  of  the  troops  com- 
prising the  make  up  of  this  unfortunate  corps  and  may  they  not,  more~ 
over,  merit  a  release  from  the  imputation  of  any  dereliction  in  the  per- 
formance of  their  soldierly  duties?  Truly,  it  would  seem  that  a  more  con- 
sistent consideration  should  be  accorded  to  these  sorely  pressed  soldiers 
by  their  English  speaking  comrades,  for  among  fair  minded  men  there 
was  certainly  much  to  be  said  in  justification  of  a  release,  at  least  In  a 
large  measure,  from  the  odium  so  unjustly  heaped  upon  these  troops 
for  their  overwhelming  defeat  by  many  of  our  extreme  selfishly  disposed 
American  compatriots. 

While  there  were  many  regiments  who  suffered  terrible  and  naturally 
sustained  great  loss  in  this  action,  yet  we  claim  that  the  magnitude 
of  its  loss,  here  sustained,  as  made  manifest  in  its  shrunken  ranks, 
was  painfully  evident  to  all  as  the  regiment  proceeded  on  the 
march  from  Gettysburg  to  follow  the  retreating  troops  of  the  Con- 
federate army,  when  its  largely  depleted  ranks  presented  an  object  lesson 
of  grim  significance.  For  such  was  the  decimation  in  its  ranks  that  the 
little  band  of  men,  numbering  but  fifty-two  survivors,  evoked  the  tender 
sympathy  of  the  troops  of  the  emergency  corps,  whom  we  passed  drawn 
up  in  line  as  we  went  through  the  village  of  Middletown  while  on  the 
march  in  pursuit  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee's  retreating  army,  which 
was  then  with  rapid  strides  mcrving  back  into  old  Virginia.  These  troops 
viewed  with  amazement  the  passing  column  of  battle  scarred  men  and 
not  a  few  of  these  horny  handed  sons  of  toil  were  moved  to  tears  as 
they  beheld  our  battle  torn  flags  and  the  little  band  of  men  trundling 
along  the  roadway,  which  in  themselves  practically  constituted  the  rem- 
nant of  this  regiment  as  it  emerged  from  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 
Notwithstanding  all  this  prestige  in  attestation  of  the  soldierly  qualities 
of  its  men,  no  historian  has  yet  essayed  to  do  them  justice.  Colonel 
Bachelder,  the  Gettysburg  battlefield  historian,  very  indifferently  desig- 
nates this  regiment  as  having  occupied  a  position  in  the  reserved  line 
of  action,  though  in  point  of  fact  it  was  in  the  front  line  of  battle  from 
the  outset  of  the  advancing  column,  and  so  continued  its  relative  position 
during  the  entire  three  days  of  this  battle.  It  was  at  no  time  a  secondary 
line,  notwithstanding  the  assertion  of  any  one  to  the  contrary  or  in 
refutation  of  this  emphatic  statement  as  to  the  actual  facts  pertaining 
to  our  movements  in  this  great  battle. 

Arriving  at  Williamsport  on  July  14th,  It  was  found  that  General  Lee's 
army  had  successfully  escaped  across  the  Potomac.  The  command 
thereupon  returned  to  Hagerstown,  and  on  the  19th  crossed  the  Potomac 
at  Berlin,  into  old  Virginia,  moving  by  successive  stages  through  Lov- 
ettsville,  Waterford,  White  Plains  and  New  Baltimore  to  Warrenton 
Junction,  where  it  arrived  on  the  26th  of  July  and  encamped,  performing 
the  usual  routine  duties  until  September  24,  1863,  when  the  troops  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  176 

Eleventh  and  Twelfth  corps  were  ordered  to  proceed  forthwith  to  the 
State  of  Tennessee. 

The  regiment  left  Washington  on  the  25th  of  September  and  arrived 
at  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  on  the  morning  of  the  2d  day  of  October,  1863. 
On  the  evening  of  the  19th  it  was  ordered  to  join  Colonel  Frederick 
Hecker's  brigade,  which,  as  designated,  was  composed  of  the  Seventy- 
fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  Eighty-second  Regiment  Illi- 
nois Volunteers;  Eighty-second  Regiment  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  the  Sixty- 
eighth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  thus  constituting  its  official 
connection  with  the  Third  brigade,  Third  division,  Eleventh  corps,  from 
this  date.  It  proceeded  under  especial  orders  on  October  27th  to  guard 
the  pontoon  bridge  across  the  Tennessee  river,  at  Bridgeport,  Alabama, 
remaining  there  during  the  passage  of  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  corps 
in  their  forward  movement  to  Chattanooga,  and  after  the  boats  were 
taken  up  by  the  engineers  it  marched  in  the  afternoon  in  protection  of  the 
pontoon  train,  which  at  evening  was  corralled  and  the  regiment  went  into 
bivouac  at  Shellmound,  Tennessee.  The  brigade  moved  on  the  following 
day  towards  Chattanooga  and  participated  in  the  operations  for  the  relief 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  Shortly  after  midnight  the  regiment 
was  aroused  and,  with  the  brigade,  sent  to  the  support  of  General  Geary, 
whose  troops  were  engaged  at  Wauhatchie  in  a  desperate  midnight  strug- 
gle with  the  veterans  of  General  Longstreet's  division.  After  the  regi- 
ment had  driven  the  enemy  from  their  hastily  constructed  rifle  pits  to  the 
opposite  or  south  side  of  the  railroad  bank,  and  then  immediately  there- 
after from  there  to  the  banks  of  Lookout  Creek,  it  lay,  protected  by  the 
said  railroad  bank,  under  continuous  fire,  while  the  First  brigade  was 
briskly  engaged  on  its  left.  With  all  the  advantages  in  favor  of  the 
assailants,  familiarity  with  the  country  and  the  startling  effect  of  a  night 
surprise,  the  foe  was  repulsed  and  retired,  leaving  his  killed  and  wounded 
on  the  field,  while  we  moreover  captured  some  prisoners. 

Subsequent  to  this  escapade  of  a  night  attack  by  the  enemy,  our  regi- 
ment for  a  short  time  occupied  an  entrenched  position  on  the  south  side 
of  the  Raccoon  mountain  ridge,  nearly  opposite  to  the  promontory  of 
Lookout  Mountain,  from  where  it  moved  forward,  crossing  the  Ten- 
nessee river  at  Chattanooga.  On  the  22d  of  November  it  proceeded 
through  the  town  and  bivouacked  near  Fort  Wood.  It  participated  in 
all  the  movements  and  fighting  of  the  division  around  Chattanooga,  cul- 
minating on  the  25th  in  carrying  Missionary  Ridge  and  establishing  the 
complete  rout  of  the  enemy.  On  November  27th  the  corps  moved,  the 
Third  brigade  in  advance,  through  Rossville  to  Red  Clay,  Georgia,  where 
it  destroyed  the  railroad  track  and  depot,  and  at  once  returned  to  the 
mountain  pass,  where  it  bivouacked  for  the  balance  of  the  night.  On 
November  28th  it  marched  to  the  assistance  of  General  Burnside,  who 
was  closely  besieged  at  Knoxville.  The  siege  having  been  raised  imme- 
diately prior  to  our  arrival,  the  regiment  returned  to  Cleveland,  Tenn., 
on  December  15th,  and  thence  continued  its  march  through  the  mountains 
in  quest  of  its  former  camp  in  Lookout  Valley,  which  was  again  occupied 
about  December  20,  1863. 

The  regiment  was  re-mustered  as  a  veteran  organization  on  January 


176  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

2,  1864,  and  entered  almost  immediately  upon  Its  allotted  furlough  of 
thirty  days,  going  home  by  way  of  Nashville  and  Cincinnati,  and 
thence  eastward  to  Philadelphia.  The  seventy-five  men,  who  chose  not 
to  re-enlist  but  to  perform  their  service  in  accordance  with  the  three 
year  term  of  their  enlistment,  were,  during  the  interim  of  the  regiment's 
absence,  assigned  to  the  Eighty-second  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteers. 

The  regiment  again  left  Philadelphia  on  March  8,  1864,  with  its  numbers 
largely  increased  by  recruits,  returning  to  the  field  via  Louisville,  Nash- 
ville and  Stevenson  to  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  from  where  it  proceeded 
to  Whiteside,  Tennessee,  and  occupied  a  camp  near  its  former  quar- 
ters. On  July  31,  1864,  the  regiment,  under  orders  of  assignment  to  the 
Fourth  division  of  the  Twentieth  army  corps,  was  directed  to  proceed 
to  Nashville,  and  reporting  to  the  General  commanding  this  military 
division  of  the  Department  of  the  Southwest,  it  entered  into  camp  near 
Fort  Gillem.  The  services  here  required  partook  more  especially  of  the 
nature  of  provost  duty  and  such  as  is  consequent  upon  the  guarding 
of  trains,  for  which  purposes  the  several  companies  were  shortly  after- 
wards distributed  to  convenient  points,  particularly  along  the  line  of 
the  Nashville  and  Northwestern  Railroad  to  protect  its  trains  against 
the  frequent  depredations  of  guerrillas. 

At  the  battle  of  Franklin,  Tennessee,  November  30,  1864,  where  the 
Southern  army,  under  the  command  of  General  Hood,  received  a  most 
disastrous  check  in  its  advance  upon  Nashville,  a  mounted  detachment 
of  the  Seventy-fifth  Regiment  occupied  the  town,  and  companies  A,  C,  F, 
G,  H,  I  and  K,  which  in  their  severally  were  under  the  direct  command 
of  the  speaker,  were  encamped  at  Fort  Granger,  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  Harpeth.  The  several  detachments,  operating  as  infantry  and 
mounted  infantry,  were  under  fire  but  neither  of  them  became  actively 
engaged  and  consequently  suffered  only  a  small  loss.  Company  E.  how- 
ever, under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Wiegand,  which  had  for  some 
time  been  stationed  at  a  point  several  miles  south  of  the  town  on  the 
Tennessee  and  Alabama  Railroad,  was  captured  by  the  advancing  rebel 
army,  which  peremptorily  demanded  their  surrender,  threatening  the 
little  garrison  with  annihilation  by  its  artillery  if  it  persisted  to  re- 
ject its  proffered  terms.  The  Lieutenant  in  command,  having  no 
alternative  except  the  wanton  sacrifice  of  his  men,  concluded  that 
prudence  was  the  better  part  of  valor  and  surrendered  the  little  block 
house,  thus  saving  the  lives  of  his  men,  who  were  afterwards  removed  to 
southern  prisons.  This  unfortunate  episode  entailed  a  loss  of  one  com- 
missioned officer  and  about  thirty  enlisted  men,  who,  after  several 
months'  confinement  as  prisoners  of  war,  were  released  on  parole  and 
sent  to  their  homes.  At  eleven  o'clock  P.  M.  on  November  30th,  the  reg- 
iment reported  at  the  headquarters  of  General  Schofleld,  commanding 
the  army,  and  by  his  direction  was  assigned  to  the  duty  of  guarding 
some  of  the  prisoners  that  were  captured  during  the  battle.  Leaving 
Franklin  at  one  o'clock  A.  M.  of  December  1st,  under  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Alvin  von  Matzdorff,  the  regiment  marched  to  Brentwood, 
and  thence  to  Nashville,  where  it  turned  over  the  prisoners  to  the  proper 
authorities.  The  mounted  detachment,  which  performed  provost  duty 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  177 

in  the  town,  was  frequently  fired  upon  by  the  citizens  of  the  place,  who 
for  a  time  were  concealed  in  their  houses,  and  by  reason  of  which  it  had 
suffered  some  loss.  It  was  soon  after  ordered  as  body  guard  to  the  Gen- 
eral commanding  the  army,  and  as  such  moved  to  the  opposite  side, 
or  north  bank  of  the  Harpeth.  It  so  remained  on  this  special  duty  until 
the  5th  of  December,  when  it  joined  the  balance  of  the  regiment  at  Fort 
Gillem.  It  remained  in  reserve  during  the  battle  at  Nashville  on  De- 
cember 15  and  16,  1864. 

After  the  defeat  and  withdrawal  of  General  Hood's  army  from  Nash- 
ville, the  regiment  was  by  special  orders  directed  to  return  to  Franklin, 
where  it  occupied  its  former  camping  ground  within  the  town  site,  and 
served  as  before  in  the  position  of  a  local  garrison,  with  ramifications 
of  its  operations  throughout  the  surrounding  country,  being  particularly 
attentive  to  the  capture  of  "bushwhackers"  or  men  who  as  marauders 
were  conducting  a  cut  throat  or  guerrilla  warfare. 

During  the  winter  of  1864-5,  and  until  the  final  surrender  of  the  Confed- 
erate armies,  it  was  chiefly  engaged  in  guarding  trains  and  in  the  per- 
formance of  scouting  and  provost  duty.  It  was  finally  mustered  out  of 
service  while  encamped  on  the  battlefield  of  Stone  River,  on  September 
1,  1865,  and  on  the  9th  left  Murfreesboro,  Tennessee,  homeward  bound, 
arriving  at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  September  12th,  with  an  aggregate 
number  of  236  officers  and  men,  who  here  received  their  discharge  papers 
and  final  payment,  after  which  they  were  provided  with  transportation 
to  their  respective  homes. 

On  the  4th  of  July,  1866,  its  tattered  banner,  carried  throughout  its 
campaigns,  was  delivered  to  the  chief  executive  for  preservation  in  the 
archives  of  the  State,  and  the  colors  presented  by  the  ladies  of  our  own 
"city  of  brotherly  love"  before  leaving  in  1861,  were  deposited  in  Inde- 
pendence Hall  at  Philadelphia. 

In  the  final  arbitrament  of  war,  success,  in  termination  of  this  fraternal 
contest,  was  accorded,  by  a  benign  and  all  wise  Providence,  to  those 
whose  valorous  deeds  sustained  the  honor  of  the  nation,  and  while  rev- 
erently ascribing  homage  to  the  God  of  battles  for  His  merciful  guidance 
and  safe  deliverance  from  the  besetting  danger  of  a  divided  land,  we 
are  filled  with  unstinted  praise  of  him  who  bore  arms  in  support 
of  the  National  Government  as  a  true  and  loyal  volunteer  defender  of 
our  Republic.  All  honor  to  the  noble  brave,  our  heroic  dead,  to  whose 
memory  we  here  dedicate  this  tribute  of  respect  for  their  faithful  military 
service.  To  those  of  you  who  were  participants  in  this  great  conflict 
it  is  a  solemn  occasion  that  calls  you  from  your  distant  homes  to 
assemble  here  in  dedication  of  a  monument  erected  to  the  honor  and 
glory  of  our  patriot  dead  by  the  liberal  bounty  of  that  grand  old  State 
that  constitutes  the  "Keystone"  in  the  arch  established  by  our  fore- 
fathers' union,  and  which  is  more  distinctively  recognized  as  the  great 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  Well  may  the  sons  of  this  noble  State 
feel  themselves  highly  gratified  and  honored  by  such  evidence,  as  here 
displayed,  in  manifestation  of  a  loyal  State's  love  and  veneration  of  its 
soldier  dead. 
12 


178  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

When  we  recan  to  our  mind  the  awful  scenes  of  deadly  strife,  as  wit- 
nessed on  those  November  days,  we  cannot  fail  to  be  seriously  impressed 
with  the  results  of  these  terrible  battles.  While  recounting  the  heavy 
losses  in  precious  lives  we  are  consoled  in  the  consummate  knowledge, 
borne  of  prayerful  thought,  that  our  sacrifices  were  endured  in  main- 
taining the  integrity  and  supremacy  of  our  National  Government;  and 
feign  would  »we  have  hoped  that  the  loss  incurred  by  our  Southern  foes 
should  have  fallen,  or  been  ascribed  to  a  worthier  cause  than  that  of 
hostile  action  in  severance  of  the  bond  that  binds  our  great  Republic  in  a 
grand  Union  of  States. 

A  retrospective  vision  of  the  scene,  as  then  here  enacted,  carries  us 
back  to  those  days  of  horror  and  despair,  as  we  know  them  in  our  trials 
for  supremacy  with  our  stubborn  southern  foes,  when  assailing  that  in- 
tensely animated  battle  lined  ridge,  with  the  uncertainty  of  the  result  so 
vividlypending  in  the  balance;  but  renewed  hope  and  courage  was  impart- 
ed to  the  men  of  the  assaulting  column  and  the  troops  marshaled  in  battle 
array,  as  onward  and  upward  pressed  the  unflinching  line  of  Union  blue, 
never  faltering,  never  halting,  until  the  Union  banners  had  firmly  been 
implanted  on  the  topmost  crest  of  that  almost  inaccessible  ridge,  hurling 
back  from  its  very  summit  the  intrepid  line  of  rebel  gray;  while  its  starry 
folds  moreover  floated  from  the  peak  of  Lookout  Mountain  in  tri- 
umphant acclaim  of  the  Union  cause,  and  in  testimony  of  the  renown  and 
valor  of  the  volunteer  defenders  of  our  Republic,  who  by  their  fierce  and 
unterrifled  onslaught  had  so  gloriously  vanquished  their  foe  from  the 
entrenched  position  held  by  the  enemy  upon  the  top  of  Lookout  Mountain 
and  the  summit  of  Missionary  Ridge.  The  praiseworthy  achievement  of 
which,  so  magnificently  sustained  in  the  "Battle  above  the  Clouds,"  was 
so  grandly  emblematic  of  the  stately  pride  with  which  this  lofty  mountain 
overawes  the  surrounding  scene  of  weird  and  rustic  splendor.  And 
while  we  would  not  undervalue  the  heroism  and  personal  courage  of  those 
who  stood  in  opposing  ranks,  yet  from  our  standpoint  of  right,  as 
touching  the  indissolubility  of  our  Union,  we  could  but  have  hoped  that 
their  sacrifices  had  been  made  in  a  worthier  cause  than  that  espoused 
by  them  in  the  waging  of  a  fraternal  strife  in  which  they  stood  opposed 
to  us  through  the  severance  of  their  political  relations  with  that  grand 
sisterhood  of  states  that  constitutes  our  glorious  American  Republic. 
Nor  was  the  display  of  personal  bravery  on  their  part  so  remarkable 
in  its  general  characteristics  and  attitude,  when  we  consider  that  the 
same  heroic  brotherly  blood  flows  in  the  veins  of  those  North  and  South, 
and  throughout  the  vast  expanse  of  our  common  country.  The  forti- 
tude and  heroism  of  the  men  who  fought  to  sustain  the  banners  of  the 
Union  have  the  highest  tribute  paid  them  in  the  reconciliative  acknowl- 
edgment of  their  achievements  over  the  valorous  men  of  the  South.  The 
valiant  spirit  that  animated  the  men  of  both  armies  upon  fields  of  deadly 
strife  bore  testimony  to  their  heroism  and  personal  courage  that  speak 
volumes  in  praise  of  their  many  acts  of  personal  prowess,  and  well  may  it 
be  said  that  the  bravery  of  the  American  soldier,  so  well  attested  upon 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  179 

many  fields  of  deadly  conflict,  is  not  surpassed  by  the  valor  of  any  army 
that  the  world  can  produce.  And  when  roused  to  their  fullest  determina- 
tion the  struggle  for  supremacy  will  be  one  fought  with  exceptional  vigor 
and  as  such  carry  with  it  a  great  loss  of  life.  This  extreme  determination 
has  withstood  the  consummation  of  a  peaceful  solution  of  this  fraternal 
strife  during  four  weary  years  of  civil  war,  that  finally  culminated 
upon  -the  field  of  Appomattox,  and  that  victory  crowning  the  success  of 
the  Union  armies  has  now  resulted  in  the  exultation  of  a  lasting  peace, 
that  by  God's  blessing  transcends  over  the  vast  domain  of  our  great 
country  and  maintains  in  happy  union  the  State  sovereignties  of  our  pros- 
perous and  reunited  people. 

Let  no  internal  dissensions  henceforth  disturb  the  sacredness  of  that 
compact  between  the  states  that  our  venerable  forefathers  welded  in 
the  fire  of  revolutionary  battles,  but  rather  let  them  rejoice  in  the 
assurance  that  shall  maintain  them  a  Union,  one  and  inseparable,  now 
and  forever. 

And  now,  relying  with  confident  assurance  upon  the  prayerful  trust 
that  our  departed  late  companions  in  arms  interred  upon  this  and  other 
battlefields  sleep  the  sleep  of  the  just,  we  say  to  them  with  tender  sym- 
pathy and  endearing  remembrance,  requiescat  in  pace!  yea,  rest  in 
peace.  Their  praises  shall  be  borne  aloft  for  their  noble  deeds,  to  Him, 
who  gave  them  that  life  which  they  so  willingly  laid  down  that  the  nation 
might  live.  All  hail  to  their  memory  and  heavenly  care  as  in  silent  sup- 
plication we  waft  our  pleas  to  Him  on  high,  whom  in  the  august  majesty 
of  His  power,  we  are  prone  to  honor  and  revere  as  the  Creator  and  Su- 
preme Commander  of  the  Universe.  Let  our  invocation  ever  transcend 
beyond  the  regions  of  the  sky  and  thus  secure  for  our  aims  that  heavenly 
help  that  shall  ever  tend  to  the  aid  and  advancement  of  our  country's 
cause. 

When  one  dies  fighting  for  a  great  principle,  the  cause  for  which  one 
dies  sanctifies  the  death.  The  bravery  of  a  military  organization  is 
determined  by  the  bravery  of  its  individual  units.  The  Seventy-fifth 
Pennsylvania  on  many  a  bloody  battlefield  determined  the  bravery  of 
the  individual  units  which  resulted  in  the  death  and  wounding  of  over 
300  of  its  men.  Whether  citizens  by  birth  or  adoption,  our  common 
country  claims  our  most  intense  and  undivided  affections.  Her  glory 
should  be  our  pride;  her  welfare,  our  first  care;  her  honor,  our  sacred 
trust;  her  humiliation,  our  shame;  and  insult  to  her,  our  duty  to  avenge. 
The  living  members  of  the  Seventy-fifth  Pennsylvania  owe  a  great  duty 
to  the  memory  of  their  dead,  as  well  as  a  duty  to  the  country  of  their 
adoption.  The  glory  of  this  country  of  our  adoption  must  come  through 
the  achievement  of  her  citizens  in  time  of  peace;  her  welfare  builded 
upon  the  basis  of  her  moral,  intellectual  and  material  resources,  and 
her  power  maintained  by  doing  equity  and  justice  towards  all;  by 
resenting  wrong,  by  being  lenient  to  the  weak,  but  exacting  with  the 
strong.  Apathy  and  indifference  in  the  American  citizen  in  reference 


180  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

to  his  political  duties  are  moral  crimes,  which  place  the  glory,  welfare 
and  honor  of  our  country  in  the  same  danger  that  a  sleeping  sentinel 
will  place  an  army  in  the  time  of  war.  In  our  country  we  cannot  perform 
our  civic  and  political  duties  through  substitutes.  Each  of  us  is  a  part  of 
the  source  of  power  through  which  all  law  receives  its  sanction,  and 
must  be  held  responsible  for  the  character  of  the  law  and  its  adminis- 
tration. It  is  only  through  vigilance  that  we  can  maintain  priceless 
liberty  and  uphold  the  glory  of  our  country,  which  our  dead  .comrades 
have  achieved  for  us.  We  must  teach  our  children  what  a  great  sacri- 
fice they  have  made,  and  that  the  memory  of  every  dead  soldier  who 
fought  for  the  cause  of  human  freedom  must  be  held  in  sacred  remem- 
brance. Political  prosperity  must  depend  for  its  support  upon  religion 
and  morality,  and  patriotism  will  become  an  empty  name  and  human  free- 
dom a  mockery  when  American  citizens  refuse  to  respect  and  cherish  re- 
ligion and  morality.  They  are  the  great  fountain  heads  of  those  streams 
of  patriotic  feeling  and  love  of  freedom  which  gather  up  the  high  and 
noble  sentiments  of  man,  until  in  their  onward  force  they  overwhelm 
those  base  feelings  and  sentiments  of  tyranny  and  crush  them  out  of  the 
human  breast.  How  great  and  exalted  a  duty  then  have  we  to  perform 
in  this  our  day.  Our  country's  conscience,  her  morality,  her  religion,  her 
institutions,  her  freedom,  her  future,  depends  upon  this  and  future  gen- 
erations, and  the  future  generations  depend  largely  upon  us,  and  all  owing 
to  the  fact  whether  we  implant  the  proper  principles  in  the  minds  of  those 
whom  nature  or  society  have  placed  under  our  care  and  guardianship. 
Was  the  cause  for  which  we  and  our  dead  companions  suffered  commen- 
surate with  our  and  their  suffering  and  their  death?  There  are  many 
in  the  great  wave  of  humanity,  which  is  pulsating  and  surging  through 
the  world,  who  may  not  be  personally  conscious  that  the  blood  of  these, 
our  dead  comrades,  is  the  seed  germinent  with  all  the  virtues  of  human 
liberty  which  shall  continue  to  spread  until  its  divine  influence  shall 
cover  the  world,  and  human  slavery  be  made  impossible.  With  their  own 
blood,  our  sufferings  and  struggles,  was  indelibly  written  the  American 
creed— liberty,  fraternity  and  equality  before  the  law  and  the  universal 
brotherhood  of  man.  When  the  thirsty  fields  of  battle  drank  the  blood  of 
our  beloved  companions,  earth  sent  forth  a  protest  against  human 
bondage,  and  the  soil  of  America  became  sacredly  dedicated  to  human 
freedom. 

The  time  will  come  when  all  governments  must  learn  the  lesson  that 
government  is  founded  upon  the  rights  of  man,  and  the  fulfilling  of  the 
law  of  God.  The  rapidity  of  a  nation's  decline  can  be  certainly  measured 
by  the  estimate  which  it  places  upon  human  rights  and  its  certain  down- 
fall predicted  when  it  persistently  violates  the  principles  of  Justice.  Our 
brothers  against  whom  we  fought  contended  for  a  confederacy  based 
upon  slavery,  but  in  their  loss  th^y  gained  a  heritage  in  a  united  country 
and  a  release  from  slavery's  curse.  Our  dead  are  their  dead,  and  the 
nation's  dead. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  181 

From  \.ne  ashes  of  these  graves  will  be  gathered  the  rich  fiuno  of  our 
brother's  prosperity.  No  longer  in  the  entire  length  and  breadth  of  our 
beloved  land  should  there  be  fraternal  discord.  South  as  well  as  North 
should  come  together,  and  in  fraternal  harmony  help  to  dedicate  the 
monuments  to  the  memory  of  those  who  died  that  our  country  might  live. 
Life  must  be  laid  down  that  a  greater  life  may  be  taken  up.  Tears  must 
flow  that  joy  may  follow.  No  compromise  of  principle  ever  eventuated 
in  good  nor  removed  the  cause  of  discord.  No  body  can  be  healthy  while 
it  contains  the  seeds  of  disease.  Our  Nation  now  rests  her  corner  stone 
upon  pure  principle.  No  insecure  foundation  finds  a  place  in  her  organic 
structure.  All  evils  now  grow  out  of  policy  of  administration  or  cor- 
ruption of  persons.  The  legist  and  publicist  may  present  a  form  of 
government,  and  so  adjust  the  weights  and  springs  that  harmonious 
actions  may  be  produced  among  its  different  parts,  and  secure  its  per- 
petuation by  an  autocratic  power,  while  the  rights  of  man  and  justice  to 
the  masses  of  the  people  are  entirely  ignored.  Such  a  government  could 
have  no  graves  of  patriots  over  whom  to  raise  monuments.  The  sol- 
dier of  such  a  nation  or  government  could  not  have  the  American  sol- 
dier's boast  that  he  had  never  taken  a  sword  or  musket  but  to  vindicate 
the  cause  of  justice,  peace  and  philanthrophy.  Peace  is  heaven's  great 
gift.  It  brings  rest  to  the  troubled  and  distressed  world.  It  plants  the 
broad  acres  with  waving  golden  grain.  It  covers  a  thousand  fields  with 
cattle.  It  dots  the  oceans,  the  seas,  the  lakes  and  rivers,  wherever  the 
water  covers  the  land,  with  the  sails  of  commerce.  It  girds  together  all 
sections  of  the  country  with  iron  bands  of  internal  communication.  It 
sets  in  motion  the  wheels,  the  spindles  and  looms  of  the  factories,  and 
puts  in  blast  the  forge  and  furnace, — all  for  the  ease  and  comfort  of  man 
resting  in  fraternal  concord.  Such,  fellow  citizens  and  comrades,  is 
the  condition  of  our  glorious  country  to-day.  The  angel  of  peace  hovers 
over  our  land,  and  the  God  of  peace  gives  His  benediction.  In  the  name 
of  peace,  of  fraternal  concord  and  harmony,  the  universal  rights  and 
brotherhood  of  man,  we  dedicate  this  monument  in  memory  of  our 
comrades. 

^Vell  may  we  speak  in  admiration  of  the  noble  sentiment,  so  devoutly 
expressed  by  the  immortal  Lincoln,  that  those  who  sleep  beneath  the  sod, 
as  of  the  slain  in  battle  for  freedom's  cause,  shall  not  have  died  in  vain, 
but  that  the  principles  for  which  they  so  willingly  laid  down  their  lives 
shall  ever  constitute  a  living  issue. 

Standing  amidst  men  surrounding  the  site  of  this  monument,  who, 
as  survivors  of  this  gigantic  struggle,  are  wont  to  pay  tribute  to  the 
manly  deeds  of  their  dead  comrades,  we  bow  in  humble  supplication  for 
the  heavenly  rest  of  their  departed  souls.  May  He  who  dwells  in  the 
celestial  realm  look  In  mercy  upon  their  earthly  shortcomings  and  in  the 
august  majesty  of  His  power  sustain  their  loyal  service  with  His  hal- 
lowed benediction.  These  men,  who  in  those  days  of  fierce  conflict  were 
found  to  be  strangers  in  this  section  of  our  broad  land,  felt  themselves 


182  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

constrained  to  invade  its  fraternal  domain  as  an  armed  phalanx  because 
of  their  conscientious  conviction  and  aim  to  sustain  the  Union  cause. 
What  lesson  of  devotion  and  love  of  country  does  the  scene  here  depict? 
May  we  not  well  give  earnest  consideration  to  its  great  mandate?  Is 
there  a  spectacle  that  appeals  to  the  nobler  impulses  of  man  with  a 
warmer  heart  than  that  of  duty  well  performed  by  a  loyal  soldier  in  a 
just  and  holy  cause?  To  those  men,  our  comrades,  who  lie  buried  in 
the  tented  fields  and  prison  pens,  and  for  whom  we  entertain  a  heart- 
felt emotion  coupled  with  the  highest  companionable  regard,  we  cannot 
pay  a  greater  tribute  of  respect  than  to  extol  their  good  deeds  and  to 
emblazon  their  heroism  upon  these  monuments  of  stone  so  that  future 
generations  may  emulate  their  virtues,  learn  the  lesson  of  obedience  and 
love  of  country,  and  inherit  the  veneration  we  accorded  to  the  revered 
memories  of  our  departed  comrades. 

The  movements  of  the  army  in  the  southwest  were  fraught  with  many 
perplexities  and  great  trials  for,  while  strenuously  battling  for  the  right, 
the  men  were  not  infrequently  subsisting  on  "half  rations,"  yet  uncom- 
plainingly sharing  the  hardships  and  enduring  privations  imposed  by 
their  voluntary  service,  ever  trusting  to  witness  an  honorable  solution 
of  the  great  and  vexing  problem  that  confronted  the  nation  through  the 
effort  of  the  South  to  rend  and  distort  the  Union,  and  ardently  hoping  for 
the  early  dawn  of  peace.  Indeed,  the  conspicuous  battlefields  of  Chicka- 
mauga,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain  bear  high  testimony 
to  the  fortitude  and  valor  of  the  American  soldier  and  stamp  him  as  a 
fighter  of  irresistible  prowess  and  personal  courage.  He  is  indisputably 
the  volunteer  defender,  par  excellence,  among  the  citizen  soldiery  of 
nations. 

As  the  Union  arms  were  crowned  with  success  in  the  final  issues  of 
the  war,  shall  we  not  trust  that  its  grave  lesson  may  be  fraught  with 
that  fruition  of  mind  that  shall  henceforth  and  forever  give  promise  of 
internal  peace  to  our  whole  land;  while  the  heroic  achievements  attained 
upon  the  many  fields  of  deadly  conflict  shall  ever  stand  aloft  as  the 
highest  encomiums  that  can  be  accorded  in  praise  of  that  unselfish 
devotion  to  duty  that  prompted  the  citizen  soldiery  of  our  land  to  enter  in 
defence  of  its  sovereignty,  and  thus  meet  in  mortal  combat  those  of  their 
erring  brethren  who  sought  to  destroy  that  bond  of  unity  between  the  fair 
sisterhood  of  states,  so  nobly  founded  in  the  blood  of  our  venerable  and 
patriotic  forefathers,  and  the  maintenance  of  which,  by  deeds  of  per- 
sonal heroism,  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  shall  ever  redound  to  the  im- 
perishable honor  and  glory  of  the  volunteer  defenders  of  our  Republic. 

God  grant  that  the  survivors  of  that  great  struggle  may  long  live 
to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  that  peace  they  so  manfully  helped  to  secure,  and 
throughout  their  advancing  years  make  them  partakers  of  the  benign 
blessings  so  graciously  bestowed  upon  our  happy,  fair  and  reunited 
country. 

As  we  cast  our  eyes  about  us  in  observation  of  the  rugged  landscape, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  188 

so  grandly  set  before  us,  memory  brings  to  our  vision  scenes  of  that  awful 
spectacular  drama,  enacted  through  the  arbitrament  of  war,  that  waged 
so  fiercely  within  these  valleys  and  mountain  sides  more  than  thirty- 
three  years  ago,  when  death  dealing  missiles  of  shot  and  shell  from  the 
muzzle  of  gun  and  cannon's  mouth  bore  havoc  to  the  opposing  lines. 
To-day!  how  changed  the  scene.  Tranquility,  peace  and  plenty  pervade 
on  every  side.  In  place  of  death  and  desolation  as  wrought  by  the 
horrors  of  war,  the  hum  of  mill  and  factory  bespeak  their  peaceful 
operation,  the  husbandman  felicitously  garners  his  grain,  the  smith  pro- 
claims his  calling  with  music  of  the  anvil's  sweetest  sounds,  the  ex- 
perienced mechanic  proceeds  with  his  allotted  task,  the  laborer  humbly 
follows  his  honest  daily  toil,  while  the  youth  and  maiden  pursue  their 
scholastic  studies,  and  the  thrifty  housewife  finds  a  serviceable  lodg- 
ment amid  the  active  affairs  of  home  life,  the  whole  of  which,  so  emi- 
nently pleasing  to  contemplate,  is  the  happy  consummation  of  a  peaceful 
release  from  the  horrors  of  war.  No  longer  do  yonder  hillsides  reverber- 
ate the  roaring  sound  of  cannon,  nor  these  valleys  re-echo  the  fire  of  mus- 
ketry. The  carnage  that  was  once  here  wrought  is  now  forsooth  but  a 
memory  of  that  terrible  past,  when  the  armies  of  the  North  and  South 
so  signally  confronted  each  other  in  fraternal  strife  upon  the  blood- 
stained fields  of  battle;  the  one  seeking  to  destroy  the  bond  of  unity  that 
now  welds  our  grand  sisterhood  of  states  into  one  homogeneous  mass  of 
common  heritage,  the  other  determined  to  maintain  the  sanctity  of  that 
cherished  fraternity  bestowed  by  their  forefathers  through  the  sacred 
precincts  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  inviolate,  and  by  their 
deeds  of  valor  maintain  and  affirm  the  indissolubility  of  the  American 
Union.  God  grant  that  it  may  endure  in  peaceful  acclaim  until  time 
shall  be  no  more. 

As  the  war  waged  by  the  Southern  states  for  the  dissolution  of  the 
American  Union  in  its  final  consummation  entailed  the  abolition  of 
slavery,  it  has  made  our  country  a  republic,  in  fact,  as  well  as  in  its 
constituent  form  of  government,  for  the  freedom  from  this  accursed  stain 
upon  our  national  escutcheon  has  thus  given  it  prestige  as  a  truly  Chris- 
tianized land  among  the  governments  of  civilized  nations,  and  as  we 
recall  the  existence  of  slavery,  now  fraught  with  the  changed  conditions 
of  these  relations  in  the  governmental  affairs  of  our  country,  we  contem- 
plate with  abhorrence  a  return  to  that  unmanly  situation  within  the 
borders  of  our  land  that  held  four  millions  of  human  beings  in  vile  and 
involuntary  servitude  to  slave  owning  masters.  Looking  at  this  restraint 
upon  personal  liberty  through  subjection  to  servile  bondage  and  Its 
associated  traffic  in  human  lives  from  a  truly  Christian  standpoint,  and 
conscious  of  its  great  evil,  we  may  well  venture  the  prediction  that  none 
there  be  who  at  this  time  would  feign  seek  a  return  to  that  period  of 
"ante-bellum"  days  with  its  slavery  dominating  the  political  situation  of 
our  fair  Southern  states. 

Let  freedom  from  bondage  to  human  servitude  ever  give  assurance 


184  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

of  personal  liberty  and  frustrate  every  device  seeking  an  encroachment 
in  abridgment  of  these  heaven  born  rights. 

God  grant  that  our  country  may  ever  remain  steadfast  in  the  achieve- 
ment of  every  high  and  noble  purpose  and  endure  in  unity  and  increasing 
strength  to  maintain  its  highest  usefulness  and  uphold  its  greatest  re- 
sponsibility faithfully  among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  offering  a  refuge 
to  the  homeless,  succor  the  oppressed  and  with  fostering  care  extend 
a  helping  hand  and  sheltering  arms  within  its  broad  domains  to  the 
yeomanry  of  this  and  other  lands. 

May  the  blessings  of  this  heritage  in  the  sight  of  Him  who  ruleth  over 
the  destinies  of  nations  be  vouchsafed  to  us  as  a  God  fearing  people,  and 
endure  in  fraternal  accord  of  a  united  country  until  that  time  when  the 
trumpets  shall  cease  to  summon  men  to  battle  for  the  rights  and  liberties 
of  mankind  and  the  record  of  time  shall  be  no  more. 

To-day,  my  comrades,  we  look  upon  a  scene  of  transcendent  tranquility, 
for  the  lapse  of  time,  as  recorded  in  the  passing  years,  has  softened  the 
bitterness  of  the  contention  and  strife  that  an  enmity,  fostered  by  a 
spirit  of  desperation,  evoked  in  the  hostility  of  those  who  gave  aid  and 
succpr  to  the  cause  of  the  rebellion.  The  turmoil  of  fierce  raging  battle 
that  waged  on  yonder  hillsides  and  filled  these  valleys  with  the  cry  of 
pain  and  despair,  as  line  upon  line  swayed  with  the  surging  tide  of  battle, 
which  in  the  awfulness  of  its  clash  had  thoroughly  drowned  out  the 
groans  of  the  maimed  and  dying,  has  been  stilled  by  an  all  powerful  hand. 
This  grave  condition  so  seriously  augmented  in  its  terrible  aspects  by  the 
shedding  of  brotherly  blood,  is  now  happily  but  a  memory  of  the  awful 
past,  that  after  four  years  of  bitter  strife  was  stayed  by  an  omnipotent 
hand,  and  our  hearts  are  gladdened  with  the  assurance  that  promotes 
the  rightful  enjoyment  of  the  conditions  of  peace,  and  filled  with  the 
prayerful  appeal  that  the  lesson  inculcated  through  this  fraternal  strife 
may  never  be  obliterated  from  the  memory  of  our  people.  May  they 
ever  cherish  the  assurance  imparted  by  "Old  Hickory"  in  his  memorable 
and  emphatic  declaration  that  "the  Union  must  and  shall  be  preserved." 
Then  let  the  people  of  the  South  look  upward  to  Him  who  ruleth  with 
an  omnipotent  hand  and  under  God's  own  guidance  strive  onward  in  the 
attainment  of  that  cherished  blessing  in  preservation  of  the  American 
Union,  that  we  prayerfully  trust  may  for  all  time  sustain  the  unity  and 
integrity  of  our  beloved  land.  Let  no  internal  dissensions  mar  the 
serenity  and  peace  of  our  people  nor  thwart  the  prosperous  development 
of  our  common  country.  May  its  people  be  so  thoroughly  imbued  with 
every  principle  of  an  honorable  and  noble  manhood,  and  no  longer  fail  to 
honor  or  disdain  to  serve  the  cause  of  the  Federal  Government  when 
foreign  foes  assail  its  constitutional  rights  and  Inherent  doctrines.  May 
its  people  be  so  thoroughly  Impregnated  with  every  sentiment  of  true  and 
loyal  devotion  that  if  the  time  ever  comes  when  the  people  of  this  land 
shall  flnd  themselves  impelled  to  take  up  arms  against  a  foreign  foe  may 
the  men  of  the  South  vie  with  the  sons  of  the  North  and  serve  their 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  185 

reunited  country  with  that  unswerving  loyalty  and  heartfelt  devotion  to 
duty  that  the  sons  of  the  North  sustained  their  conviction  in  defence  of 
the  Union  and  the  maintenance  of  this  grand  sisterhood  of  sovereign 
American  states,  which  in  its  constitutional  form  of  government  has 
demonstrated  itself  to  be  the  grandest  republic  that  the  world  ever  saw, 
and  which  we  prayerfully  trust  may  by  the  grace  of  God  be  permitted  to 
endure  for  all  time. 

Again  we  appeal,  with  reverend  acclaim:  Let  no  internal  discord  or 
strife  henceforth  disturb  or  seek  to  disrupt  the  hallowed  relations  that 
now  again  exist  in  harmonious  accord  between  the  states.  May  they 
ever  maintain  the  equanimity  of  purpose  and  keep  inviolate  the  sanctity 
of  the  American  Union.  This  grand  sisterhood  of  states  shall  ever  march 
onward  to  increased  power  and  influence,  defending  the  cause  of  unity, 
liberty  and  justice,  and  secure  for  itself  the  highest  encomiums  that 
honor  and  renown  can  accord  for  the  conscientious  and  rightful  actions 
of  a  people,  thereby  making  the  Federal  Government,  under  the  Consti- 
tution, the  very  foremost  in  the  galaxy  of  nations. 

So  mote  it  be!     So  mote  it  be!    Amen!     Amen! 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

THIS  regiment,  at  first  known  as  the  Fortieth,  was  composed,  almost 
exclusively,  of  Germans  from  Philadelphia,  many  of  whom  had 
seen  service  in  the  armies  of  European  States.  Recruiting  began 
in  August,  1861,  under  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  com- 
panies rendezvoused  at  a  camp  in  West  Philadelphia,  called  Camp  Worth 
in  honor  of  General  Worth,  with  whom  Colonel  Bohlen  had  served  as 
aide-de-camp  in  the  campaign  in  Mexico.  Henry  Bohlen,  of  Philadel- 
phia, was  commissioned  Colonel,  August  7,  1861.  He  selected  as  his  field 
officers,  who  were  accordingly  commissioned,  the  following  gentlemen 
from  Philadelphia:  Francis  Mahler,  formerly  an  officer  and  participant 
in  the  Baden  Revolution,  Lieutenant  Colonel;  Alvin  von  Matzdorff, 
Major. 

The  discipline  and  drill,  while  remaining  at  Camp  Worth,  were  highly 
creditable.  Seven  companies  were  fully  organized,  equipped,  and  armed 
with  the  old,  altered  flint-lock  musket,  which  were  soon  after  exchanged 
for  the  Harper's  Ferry  musket.  On  the  26th  of  September,  with  about 
eight  hundred  men,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Washington.  Others 
soon  followed,  until  its  ranks  were  filled  to  the  maximum  number. 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


186  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Soon  after  Its  arrival  at  Washington  the  regiment  was  assigned  to 
Blenker's  Division,  and  crossing  the  Potomac,  by  the  Long  Bridge,  en- 
camped at  Roach's  Mills.  Remaining  here  until  the  12th  of  October,  it 
was  ordered  to  move  to  Hunter's  Chapel,  where  it  went  into  winter 
quarters.  A  well  organized  band  from  Philadelphia,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  Rudolph  Wittig,  joined  the  regiment  on  the  31st.  It  here  be- 
came proficient  in  squad,  company,  regimental,  and  battalion  drill,  under 
the  instruction  of  Colonel  Bohlen  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Mahler.  Its 
arms  were  here  enchanged  for  the  new  Springfield  rifled  musket.  Fre- 
quent details  were  made  during  the  winter  to  assist  in  the  construction  of 
fortifications.  As  a  part  of  General  Sumner's  Corps,  the  brigade  moved, 
on  the  10th,  in  the  general  advance  of  the  army,  reaching  a  point  near 
Annandale  the  same  night,  and  on  the  following  day  Burkes'  Station,  on 
the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railroad,  where  it  remained  until  the  15th. 
Moving  thence  to  Fairfax  Court  House  it  remained  until  the  23d,  when 
it  proceeded  to  Centreville,  and  occupied  the  works  just  vacated  by  the 
enemy.  Moving  over  the  battlefield  of  Bull  Run,  on  which  traces  of  the 
sanguinary  conflict  of  the  21st  of  July  were  distinctly  visible,  the  com- 
mand reached  Warrenton  Junction  on  the  26th.  Here  it  suffered  severely 
from  scarcity  of  provisions. 

Upon  the  departure  of  Sumner  to  the  Peninsula,  Blenker's  Division  was 
ordered  to  report  to  General  Fremont,  in  command  of  the  Mountain  De- 
partment. On  the  6th  of  April,  it  moved  through  Warrenton  to  Salem, 
where  It  bivouacked  four  days,  taking  shelter  in  the  woods  during  a 
heavy  snow  storm.  It  proceeded  on  the  llth,  via  Upperville  to  Paris,  and 
from  thence  to  Berry's  Ferry.  On  the  15th  it  was  ordered  to  cross  the 
Shenandoah,  and  move  to  Winchester,  in  pursuit  of  Stonewall  Jackson's 
force  then  confronting  Banks.  Several  rafts  were  constructed  to  cross 
the  troops.  The  river  was  high,  and  the  current  rapid.  Company  D,  the 
skirmish  company,  crossed  in  safety,  when,  to  save  time,  an  old  ferry 
boat,  which  had  been  partly  burned  by  the  enemy,  was  repaired,  and  a 
rope  stretched  across  the  stream  to  guide  it.  Companies  I  and  K  em- 
barked, and  when  near  the  middle  of  the  stream,  the  boat  swamped  and 
suddenly  began  to  sink.  It  was  a  moment  of  terror.  A  shriek  of  agony 
rent  the  air  as  they  were  suddenly  engulfed.  Scores  of  knapsacks 
covering  the  surface  of  the  water  were  all  that  was  visible  of  the  unfortu- 
nate men  as  they  floated,  thus  burdened,  in  the  river.  Captain  Christian 
Wyck,  of  Company  K,  Lieutenant  Adolph  Winter,  of  Company  I,  First 
Sergeant  Joseph  Tiedemann,  of  Company  K,  and  fifty  enlisted  men  were 
drowned.  Sergeant  Tiedemann,  an  expert  swimmer,  sacrificed  his  life 
In  a.  vain  attempt  to  save  that  of  his  Captain. 

This  unfortunate  event  cast  a  deep  gloom  over  the  remaining  portion 
of  the  regiment.  Finding  that  it  was  impracticable  to  cross,  the  com- 
mand returned  via  Paris  and  Upperville,  and  marched  to  Snickerville. 
It  here  passed  over  by  means  of  a  rope  ferry  constructed  by  the  troops  of 
General  Banks,  and  on  the  18th  arrived  at  Winchester.  The  division  was 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  187 

temporarily  placed  under  the  command  of  General  Rosecrans.  The  regi- 
ment remained  in  camp  until  the  6th  of  May  to  recruit,  and  during  the 
interval  it  received  new  clothing,  and  a  full  supply  of  rations.  On  the 
28th  of  April,  Colonel  Bohlen  was  promoted  to  Brigadier  General. 

Moving  thence  via  Romney  and  Petersburg  the  command  reached 
Franklin  on  the  14th,  twice  crossing  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac 
on  its  way.  The  men  here  endured  much  suffering  from  hunger,  the  sup- 
plies being  brought  from  New  Creek,  a  distance  of  seventy  miles  over  a 
rough  mountainous  route.  The  defeat  of  Banks,  and  his  retreat  down  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  rendered  it  important  for  Fremont  to  hasten  forward 
his  forces  to  intercept  the  retreat  of  Stonewall  Jackson.  Returning  to 
Petersburg,  knapsacks  were  left,  and  the  march  immediately  resumed 
to  Moorefield,  at  several  times  fording  deep  and  rapid  streams.  The 
regiment  moved  rapidly  on  through  Moorefield  and  Wardensville  to  Stras- 
burg,  where  the  rear  of  Jackson  was  encountered.  Many  of  the  most 
robust  men  of  the  command  became  exhausted  and  sank  by  the  roadside. 
An  exciting  race  up  the  valley  now  took  place,  the  enemy  leaving  the 
road  strewn  with  clothing  and  stores,  indicating  a  hasty  retreat,  and  a 
close  pursuit  by  Fremont's  troops.  On  the  4th  of  June,  at  Mount  Jack- 
son, the  bridge  was  found  totally  destroyed  by  the  retreating  foe,  and  the 
march  delayed.  Pontoons  were  with  great  difficulty  laid,  and  on  the  6th, 
the  column  moved  towards  Harrisonburg,  where  the  Bucktails  and  the 
cavalry  of  General  Bayard  encountered  the  enemy,  and  the  rebel  General 
Ashby  was  killed. 

On  the  following  day,  in  the  battle  of  Cross  Keys,  the  brigade  of  Gen- 
eral Bohlen,  of  which  the  Seventy-fifth  formed  part,  supported  the  left. 
The  line  of  battle  was  a  mile  and  a  half  long,  General  Schenck  on  the 
right,  General  Milroy  in  the  centre,  and  General  Stahel  on  the  left;  Stahel 
occupying  the  right  of  the  division,  Bohlen  the  left,  and  Steinwehr  in  re- 
serve. Thus  formed,  our  army  advanced  steadily  and  successfully,  under 
a  storm  of  shot  and  shell,  losing  heavily  in  men,  but  constantly  gaining 
ground,  until  after  three  o'clock,  when  Stahel's  Brigade,  having  passed 
through  the  wood  in  its  front  to  a  clover  field,  whiclv-gradually  ascended 
to  another  wood  filled  with  rebels,  encountered  a  murderous  fire,  by 
which  its  ranks  were  fearfully  thinned,  and  its  progress  arrested.  Two 
of  Bohlen's  Regiments  were  ordered  up  to  its  support;  but  before  they 
could  arrive,  Stahel's  Brigade  had  recoiled,  understanding,  as  is  alleged, 
that  it  was  to  give  place  to  Bohlen's  men.  Two  Companies,  I  and  K, 
which  had  been  detached  to  support  of  Weidrick's  Battery,  returned  at 
nine  o'clock  A.  M.,  and  fought  with  determined  bravery. 

The  regiment  retired  with  the  army,  after  the  battle,  to  Mount  Jack- 
son. On  the  16th,  Companies  B  and  E,  with  a  company  of  Fremont's 
body-guard,  and  two  mountain  howitzers,  were  sent  in  pursuit  of 
guerrillas.  The  party  succeeded  in  destroying  the  building  where  the 
band  had  rendezvoused,  and  returned,  by  a  forced  march  of  thirty-two 
miles,  to  camp. 


12 


188  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

General  Blenker  was  here  succeeded  in  command  of  the  division  by 
General  Carl  Schurz,  and  soon  after  General  Fremont,  at  his  own  request, 
was  relieved  and  General  Franz  Sigel  directed  to  assume  command  of  the 
Department.  In  the  re-organization  of  the  army  which  followed,  the 
Seventy-fifth  was  assigned  to  the  Second  Brigade,*  Third  Division,  First 
Corps  of  the  Army  of  Virginia. 

Having  previously  marched  to  Middletown,  near  Winchester,  on  the 
6th  of  July,  the  Seventy-fifth  proceeded  to  Sperryville,  via  Front  Royal 
and  Luray,  crossing  the  Blue  Ridge  through  Thornton's  Gap.  Here  it 
remained  until  the  8th  of  August,  when  it  resumed  the  march  to  Cul- 
pepper  Court  House,  on  the  occasion  of  the  battle  at  Cedar  Mountain. 
Late  in  the  evening,  too  late  to  participate,  the  corps  of  Sigel  arrived. 

On  the  field,  where  both  parties  claimed  victory,  the  weary  troops 
rested.  The  command  now  moved  to  the  Rapidan,  on  the  right  of  Pope's 
army.  As  Lee  advanced  Pope  retreated,  via  Culpepper  to  the  Rappa- 
hannock.  On  the  20th,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Mahler  was  promoted  to 
Colonel,  Major  Alvin  von  Matzdorff  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain 
August  Ledig  to  Major.  At  Freeman's  Ford,  on  the  22d  of  August,  the 
enemy  was  encountered,  and  a  brisk  skirmish  ensued,  in  which  Brigadier 
General  Henry  Bohlen  was  killed. 

Sigel,  supported  by  Banks  and  Reno,  marched  up  the  left  bank  of  the 
Rappahannock,  and  on  the  24th  occupied  Sulphur  Springs  and  Waterloo. 
On  the  29th,  the  regiment  advanced,  at  five  A.  M.,  with  the  division,  and 
at  seven  the  engagement  became  desperate.  Steadily  it  gained  ground, 
under  a  most  destructive  fire,  until  Jackson  was  reinforced,  and  its 
supply  of  ammunition  was  nearly  exhausted,  when  it  was  relieved  while 
holding,  against  superior  numbers,  a  position  near  the  railroad  cut. 

At  eight  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  30th,  it  withdrew  from  its  ad- 
vanced position  to  one  in  rear  of  the  division  of  General  Schenck,  on  an 
open  space  near  Dogan's  Farm,  where  it  remained  until  four  o'clock 
P.  M.  The  command  then  advanced  and  occupied  a  position  immediately 
in  the  rear  of  the  brigade  of  General  Stahel,  which  soon  became  engaged. 
The  Second  Brigade,  Colonel  Kryzanowski,  was  ordered  to  its  support, 
and  occupied  an  elevation  to  the  left.  It  moved  forward  in  fine  style, 
the  Seventy-fifth  gallantly  charging  the  rebel  column,  repulsing  it  with 
heavy  loss,  and  gaining  the  crest  of  the  hill.  From  this  position  it  de- 
livered an  effective  fire,  but  was  exposed  to  a  raking  fusilade  from  the 
combined  forces  of  three  of  his  infantry  regiments,  one  of  which  made 
a  furious  charge,  but  was  repulsed,  and  the  position  held.  A  well  di- 
rected artillery  fire  from  the  enemy,  and  the  withdrawal  of  the  troops 
from  the  left,  rendered  It  necessary,  after  having  withstood  the  repeated 
attacks  of  an  overwhelming  force,  to  withdraw.  It  retired  one  hundred 

•Organization  of  the  Second  Brigade,  Colonel  W.  Kryzanowski.  Third  Division; 
Brigadier  General  Carl  Schurz,  First  Corps;  Major  General  Franz  Sigel,  Army  of  Vir- 
ginia; Major  General  John  Pope.  Seventy-fifth  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  F.  Mahler;  Fifty-fourth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Colonel 
Kugene  A.  Kozlay;  Fifty-eighth  Regiment  New  York  Volunteers,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Frederick  Gellman. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  189 

and  fifty  paces  to  the  rear,  when  a  rebel  regiment  was  discovered  in 
ambush,  near  by,  lying  upon  the  ground,  in  close  column.  A  few  volleys 
from  the  Seventy-fifth,  with  the  assistance  of  the  artillery  which  was 
turned  upon  it,  threw  it  into  disorder,  and  soon  drove  it  in  complete 
rout. 

The  two  wings  of  the  army  having  been  pressed  back,  the  centre  was 
compelled  to  yield,  and  to  fall  back  towards  Washington.  The  entire 
army  withdrew  during  the  night,  which  was  very  dark,  and  in  the  morn- 
ing Bull  Run  separated  the  hostile  forces.  The  loss  was  two  officers  and 
twenty-eight  men  killed,  and  five  officers  and  ninety-eight  men  wounded. 
Lieutenants  Froelich  and  Bowen  were  among  the  killed,  and  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Mahler,  Captain  Schwartz,  and  Lieutenants  Ledig,  Fromhagen, 
and  Theune,  among  the  wounded.  Of  those  conspicuous  for  coolneps  and 
courage  was  Color  Sergeant  Robert  Jordan,  of  Company  A,  formerly 
an  officer  in  the  Schleswig-Holstein  army.  He  fell  gallantly  bearing  aloft 
the  flag  of  his  adopted  country.  Especial  mention  was  made,  in  official 
reports,  of  the  gallantry  of  Sergeants  Charles  Haserodt,  of  Company  A, 
color  bearer,  Eugene  Weigand,  and  Jacob  Maurer,  of  Company  B;  John 
Emleben,  who  though  wounded  remained  on  the  field,  .and  took  the  flag 
from  the  hands  of  Sergeant  Jordan  as  he  fell;  Louis  Mahler  and  Jacob 
Pauley,  of  Company  D;  George  Brueckmame,  of  Company  F;  Henry 
Schmull,  of  Company  H,  and  Andrew  Schmidt,  of  Company  I;  also  of 
Corporals  Schweigert,  Hanner,  Abraham  and  Rosenthal,  and  Private 
Jacob  Ullmann. 

The  regiment  remained  in  the  defences  of  Washington  until  the  first  of 
November,  when  it  advanced  to  Fairfax  Court  House,  and  from  thence 
through  Thoroughfare  Gap  to  New  Baltimore.  On  the  9th,  it  marched  to 
Gainesville,  where  it  remained  until  the  18th,  and  then  back  to  Centre- 
ville.  While  here,  the  regiment  was  strengthened  by  recruits  and  men 
returning  from  hospitals.  The  corps  of  General  Sigel  was,  on  the  14th, 
designated  the  Eleventh,  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  On  the  9th  of 
December  the  tents  and  surplus  baggage  were  sent  to  Fairfax  Court 
House,  and  the  regiment  marched,  on  the  following  day,  towards  Fred- 
ericksburg.  It  passed  the  Occoquan  at  Davis'  Ford,  experiencing  much 
difficulty  in  crossing  the  train.  It  proceeded  through  Stafford  Court 
House  and  Brooks'  Station,  and  reached  the  Rappahannock,  one  mile 
from  Falmouth,  on  the  15th.  The  attack  on  Fredericksburg  had  failed 
of  success,  and  the  regiment  returned  to  Stafford  Court  House,  where  it 
remained  until  Burnside's  second  advance,  on  the  19th  of  January,  1863, 
which  was  cut  short  by  a  heavy  rain  storm,  transforming  the  "sacred 
soil"  into  a  dismal  mud,  through  which  the  artillery  and  heavy  caissons 
were  dragged  along  with  great  difficulty.  It  then  moved  to  Hartwood 
Church,  four  miles  from  Falmouth,  in  the  direction  of  Banks'  Ford, 
where  it  remained  until  the  6th  of  February,  when  it  returned  to  Staf- 
ford Court  House.  The  Seventy-fifth  formed  part  of  the  Second  Brigade, 
Third  Division  of  the  Eleventh  Corps,  the  brigade  being  commanded  by 
Colonel  Kryzanowski. 


190  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Hooker  had  succeeded  Burnside  in  command  of  the  army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, which,  during  the  past  two  months,  had  become  well  organized 
and  efficient.  The  command  moved  early  on  the  morning  of  the  27th 
from  Stafford  Court  House  via  Grove  Church  and  Morrisville,  and  crossed 
the  Rappahannock  at  Kelly's  Ford,  the  Seventy-fifth  in  advance.  The 
march  was  continued  on  the  28th,  in  line  of  battle,  driving  the  enemy 
until  three  o'clock  on  the  following  morning,  when  the  regiment  biv- 
ouacked until  daylight. 

The  Twelfth  Corps  then  led  the  advance,  followed  by  the  Eleventh,  the 
Fifth  bringing  up  the  rear.  It  crossed  the  Rapidan  at  Germania  Ford, 
and  moved  rapidly  on  to  Chancellorsville.  The  regiment  halted  north  of 
the  Hawkins'  Farm,  near  the  plank  road  leading  from  Culpepper  Court 
House  to  Fredericksburg.  The  flank  movement  of  Hooker  was  a  com- 
plete success,  and  inspired  him  with  confidence  in  his  ability  to  achieve  a 
signal  victory.  His  order  of  May  30  says,  "the  operations  of  the  last  three 
days  have  determined  that  our  enemy  must  either  ingloriously  fly,  or 
come  out  from  behind  his  defences,  and  give  us  battle  on  our  own 
ground,  where  certain  destruction  awaits  him." 

On  the  morning- of  the  2d  of  May,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  a  posi- 
tion on  the  right  of  the  division,  which  was  apparently  threatened,  the 
Eleventh  Corps  occupying  the  right  of  the  line  of  battle,  which  Lee  de- 
termined to  assail  in  flank  and  rear.  The  Seventy-fifth  was  formed  on 
the  left  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Wisconsin,  with  skirmishers  thrown  forward 
under  command  of  Captain  Schindler.  The  balance  of  the  regiment, 
under  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  von  Matzdorff,  except  a  color- 
guard  of  sixteen  men,  was  soon  after  ordered  to  the  picket  line,  the  Fifty- 
eighth  New  York  relieving  it.  At  a  little  before  night  of  the  2d  of  May, 
Stonewall  Jackson,  with  forty  thousand  men,  fell  suddenly  like  an 
avalanche  upon  the  right  wing  of  the  Union  army  held  by  Howard's 
Corps.  The  shock  was  overwhelming,  and  the  Seventy-fifth  was  among 
the  first  to  feel  its  weight.  Flanked  and  overborne,  the  command  was 
compelled  to  retreat.  In  doing  so  some  confusion  ensued.  In  crossing  an 
open  field  the  regiment  was  much  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the  advancing 
enemy.  Many  of  the  men  became  separated  from  the  command,  and 
Lieutenant  Colonel  von  Matzdorff  and  forty  men  were  taken  prisoners. 
The  scattering  fragments  of  the  regiment  occupied  a  position,  in  a  line  of 
rifle-pits,  near  the  United  States  Ford,  until  eleven  o'clock  P.  M.,  when  it 
was  relieved  by  the  One  hundred  and  twenty-fifth  Pennsylvania,  and  as- 
signed to  a  position  in  the  second  line  of  battle,  in  support  of  a  battery  of 
the  First  Rhode  Island  Artillery.  Among  the  wounded  in  this  engage- 
ment was  Captain  William  Schindler,  who  received  a  severe  flesh  wound, 
the  ball  passing  through  both  his  legs. 

On  the  6th,  the  command  re-crossed  the  Rappahannock,  and  proceeded 
to  its  former  camping  ground,  where  it  remained,  performing  the  ordinary 
camp  and  guard  duty,  until  it  entered  upon  the  Gettysburg  campaign, 
which  opened  on  the  12th  of  June.  It  then  moved  through  Hartwood, 
Weaversvllle  and  Centreville,  and  on  the  25th,  crossed  the  Potomac 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  191 

at  Edwards'  Ferry.  Passing  through  Middletown,  Frederick  City  and 
Emmittsburg,  it  reached  Gettysburg  on  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  July, 
by  the  Taneytown  Road,  the  Second  Brigade  of  the  Third  Division  in  ad- 
vance, and  passing  through  the  town  took  position  in  a  field,  north  of  the 
village,  to  the  right  of  the  Carlisle  Road.  The  First  Corps  had  already 
engaged  the  enemy,  and  was  hard  pressed.  After  a  brief  rest,  to  recover 
from  the  fatigue  occasioned  by  a  forced  march  of  fourteen  miles,  the 
Seventy-fifth,  with  the  brigade,  engaged  the  enemy,  and  after  a  severe 
conflict,  in  which  the  regiment,  lost  two  officers  and  twenty-six  men 
killed,  six  officers  and  ninety-four  men  wounded,  and  six  prisoners,  it  fell 
back  through  the  town  with  the  remnants  of  the  First  Corps,  and  took 
position  on  Cemetery  Hill.  Colonel  Mahler  was  wounded  in  the  leg 
simultaneously  with  his  horse,  which  fell  upon  him.  Extricating  him- 
self he  proceeded,  though  suffering  severely,  to  the  left  of  the  regiment, 
which  was  then  exposed  to  an  enfilading  fire,  and  here  while  bravely 
cheering  on  his  men,  and  urging  them  to  stand  firm  against  the  advancing 
rebel  lines,  he  was  again  wounded,  and  now  mortally.  He  was  imme- 
diately removed  to  the  Corps  Field  Hospital,  where  he  died  on  the 
morning  of  the  5th.  The  regiment  retained  its  position  on  Cemetery 
Hill,  under  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  artillery,  during  the  two  following 
Jays,  and  suffered  some  loss  from  his  shells.  Sergeant  Frederick  Wend- 
ler,  of  Company  D,  received  a  wound  from  which  he  died  on  the  4th. 
Among  the  killed  during  these  three  days'  conflict,  were  Lieutenants 
Henry  Hauscfcild  and  Louis  Mahler.  Lieutenant  William  J.  Sill  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  leg,  which  was  amputated;  but  he  died  on  the 
21st.  The  loss  of  the  regiment  was  thirty-one  officers  and  men  killed, 
one  hundred  wounded,  and  six  taken  prisoners. 

After  a  long  weary  march  in  pursuit  of  the  retreating  enemy,  passing 
through  Emmittsburg,  Turner's  Gap,  and  Middletown,  the  advance 
encountered  and  skirmished  with  the  enemy's  rear  guard  at  Boonsboro', 
on  the  8th,  reached  Hagerstown  on  the  12th,  and  Williamsport  on  the  14th, 
to  find  that  Lee's  army  had  escaped  across  the  Potomac.  On  the  15th,  the 
command  returned  to  Hagerstown.  As  it  moved  through  the  town 
cheer  upon  cheer  was  given  by  the  emergency  militia,  as  the  thinned 
ranks  of  the  veteran  army  passed  by.  Having  marched  and  counter- 
marched, during  an  almost  constant  storm  of  rain,  it  crossed  the  Potomac, 
at  Berlin,  on  the  19th,  passed  through  Lovettsville,  and  encamped  near 
Waterford.  It  moved  thence  through  White  Plains,  and  New  Baltimore, 
reaching  Warrenton  Junction  on  the  25th,  where,  with  an  occasional 
change  of  camp,  it  remained,  doing  picket  and  guard  duty,  until  the  24th 
of  September,  when  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  were  ordered  to 
Tennessee. 

The  regiment  left  Washington  on  the  25th  of  September,  and  arrived  at 
Bridgeport,  Alabama,  on  the  morning  of  the  2d  of  October.  On  the  even- 
ing of  the  19fh  it  was  ordered  to  join  the  Third  Brigade,  Colonel  Hecker, 
Third  Division,  which  was  composed  of  the  Seventy-fifth,  the  Eighty- 


192  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

second  Illinois,  Eighty-second  Ohio,  and  Sixty-eighth  New  York.  On 
the  following  morning  the  regiment  reported  to  its  new  commander,  and 
was  ordered  to  picket  and  patrol  duty  along  the  mountain  ridge.  It 
proceeded  on  the  27th  to  guard  the  pontoon  bridge  across  the  Tennessee, 
during  the  passage  of  the  Eleventh,  and  part  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  and 
at  evening  went  into  bivouac  at  Shellmound.  The  brigade  moved,  on  the 
following  day,  towards  Chattanooga,  and  participated  in  the  operations 
for  the  relief  of  the  half  famished  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  At  a  little 
past  midnight  the  regiment  was  aroused,  and  sent  to  the  support  of 
General  Geary,  who  was  engaged  in  a  desperate  midnight  struggle  with 
the  veterans  of  Longstreet's  Corps.  It  lay,  protected  by  the  railroad 
bank,  under  continuous  fire,  while  the  First  Brigade  was  briskly  en- 
gaged. With  all  the  advantages  in  favor  of  the  assailants— familiarity 
with  the  country,  and  the  effects  of  a  night  surprise— the  foe  was  repulsed 
and  retired,  leaving  his  killed  and  wounded  on  the  field. 

Crossing  the  Tennessee,  at  Chattanooga,  on  the  22d  of  November,  the 
regiment  moved  through  the  town,  and  bivouacked  near  Fort  Wood.  It 
participated  in  all  the  movements  and  fighting  of  the  division  around 
Chattanooga,  culminating,  on  the  25th,  in  carrying  Missionary  Ridge, 
and  the  complete  rout  of  the  enemy.  On  the  27th,  the  corps  moved,  the 
Third  Brigade  in  advance,  through  Rossville  to  Red  Clay,  where  it  de- 
stroyed the  railroad  track  and  depot.  It  was  ordered,  on  the  next  day, 
to  the  assistance  of  General  Burnside,  who  was  closely  besieged  at 
Knoxville.  It  proceeded  by  the  way  of  Charleston,  where  it  crossed  the 
Hiwassee,  but  learning  that  the  siege  had  been  raised,  the  command  re- 
turned to  Cleveland  on  the  15th  of  December,  and  thence  through  the 
mountains  to  its  former  camp  in  Lookout  Valley. 

On  the  2d  of  January,  1864,  the  regiment  was  re-mustered  as  a  veteran 
organization,  and  received  its  furlough  for  thirty  days,  seventy-five  men, 
who  chose  not  to  re-enlist,  being  temporarily  transferred  to  the  Eighty- 
second  Illinois.  On  the  8th  of  March,  with  its  numbers  largely  increased 
by  recruits,  It  left  Philadelphia,  and  proceeded  via  Louisville,  Nashville 
and  Stevenson  to  Bridgeport,  from  whence  it  returned  to  Nashville  on  the 
31st  of  July,  and  encamped  near  Fort  Gillem.  Here  several  companies 
were  detailed  to  proceed  to  Johnsonville,  to  guard  the  trains  on  the  North- 
western Railroad.  On  the  12th  of  October  a  reconnoissance  was  made 
for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  whereabouts  of  a  guerrilla  band  prowl- 
ing about  the  country.  A  small  party  was  unexpectedly  encountered,  but 
was  quickly  put  to  flight,  and  its  horses  and  effects  captured. 

At  the  battle  of  Franklin,  on  the  30th  of  November,  where  the  army  of 
Hood  received  si  disastrous  check  in  his  advance  upon  Nashville,  a 
mounted  detachment  of  the  Seventy-fifth  occupied  the  town,  and  Com- 
panies A,  C,  F,  G,  H,  I  and  K  were  encamped  at  Fort  Granger,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Harpeth.  It  was  under  fire,  but  not  actively  engaged, 
and  suffered  no  loss.  Company  E  stationed  at  a  point  several  miles 
south  of  the  town  on  the  Tennessee  and  Alabama  Railroad,  was  captured. 
At  eleven  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  regiment  reported  at  the  headquarters  of 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  193 

General  Schofield,  and  was  assigned  to  the  duty  of  guarding  prisoners. 
Leaving  Franklin  at  one  A.  M.,  unler  command  of  Colonel  von  Matzdorff, 
it  marched  to  Brentwood,  and  on  the  1st  of  December  fell  back  to  Nash- 
ville, and  turned  over  the  prisoners  to  the  proper  authorities.  The 
mounted  detachment,  while  performing  provost  duty  in  the  town  was 
frequently  fired  upon  by  the  citizens,  whereby  it  sustained  some  loss.  It 
was  soon  after  ordered  as  body  guard  to  the  general  commanding,  and 
moved  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  Harpeth,  where  it  remained  until  the 
5th,  and  then  joined  the  balance  of  the  regiment  at  Fort  Gillem.  It  re- 
mained in  reserve  during  the  engagement  at  Nashville  on  the  15th  and 
16th.  On  the  20th  it  was  ordered  to  return  to  Franklin,  and  upon  its 
arrival  bivouacked  upon  its  former  camping  ground. 

During  the  winter,  and  until  the  final  surrender  of  the  rebel  armies, 
it  was  chiefly  engaged  in  guarding  trains,  scouting,  and  provost  duty. 
It  was  finally  mustered  out  of  service  on  the  1st  of  September,  and  on  the 
9th,  left  Murfreesboro'  homeward  bound,  arriving  at  Harrisburg  on  the 
12th,  with  an  aggregate  number  of  two  hundred  and  thirty-six  officers 
and  men.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1866,  its  tattered  banner,  carried  through 
all  its  campaigns,  was  presented  to  the  Executive  for  preservation  in 
the  archives  of  the  State,  and  the  colors  presented  by  ladies  of  Philadel- 
phia, before  leaving  in  1861,  were  deposited  in  Independence  Hall. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

77TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

BROCK'S  FIELD,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  13TH,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  REV.  J.  COOPER. 


M 


EMBERS  of  the  Seventy-seventh,  and  Dear  Comrades:— I  am  proud 
to  be  with  you  on  this  historic  field  of  Chickamauga  and  so  glad  to 
look  into  your  faces  again.  Proud  and  glad  as  I  am  to  be  in  your 
midst,  yet  this  occasion  almost  unmans  me  and  the  emotions  of  my  heart 
are  unspeakable.  I  am  so  glad  to  meet  Colonel  Robinson,  who  was  a 
good  soldier  and  a  courteous  gentlemen;  and  it  cheers  my  heart  to  be- 
hold the  face  of  Captain  Skinner,  who  never  shirked  duty  and  was  always 
with  the  bo--,  at  the  front.  I  wish  Colonel  Rose  was  here;  he  was  a 
gentleman  and  a  fighter  and  was  loved  and  trusted  by  the  boys.  More 
than  thirty  years  ago  Chickamauga  battlefield  was  a  wild,  weird  scene, 

13 


194  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

where  musketry  rattled  like  a  million  snare  drums  and  cannon  roared  like 
thunder  in  the  heavens,  and  men  fell  like  leaves  from  trees  in  an  angry 
storm;  soldiers,  valiant  and  loyal,  wrapped  themselves  in  the  drapery  of 
dreamless  sleep;  tattoo  sounded  "lights  out"  and  they  lay  down  till  the 
grand  reveille  of  God  shall  make  the  earth  and  the  sea  give  up  their  dead. 

This  monument  erected  to  the  honor  of  the  Seventy-seventh  is  a  work 
of  art  and  substantial  beauty.  We  look  upon  it  as  a  fitting  tribute  to  our 
fallen  comrades  and  tears  fill  our  eyes  as  we  remember  how  we  camped, 
marched,  messed  and  went  into  battle,  how  our  flag  was  torn  with  shot 
and  shell,  and  our  comrades,  bleeding  and  dying,  gave  inspiration  to  our 
gallant  regiment  contending  for  the  Union  and  for  the  valor  of  the 
Keystone  State.  If  our  Seventy-seventh  boys  who  sleep  here  on  this 
field  could  see  thro'  the  veil  between  them  and  us,  and  hear  what  we 
say,  understand  what  we  feel  and  see  our  tears,  all  here  would  be 
a  vision  of  joy  to  them.  Tho"  they  fell  at  Chickamauga,  yet  in  fall- 
ing they  ascended.  If  they  can  look  down  upon  our  country,  they  will 
rejoice  and  be  glad  that  "old  glory"  waves  peacefully  and  gloriously 
over  the  whole  land  and  that  the  voice  of  the  whole  people  is  for  perpetual 
peace  and  the  pursuits  of  industry.  They  will  know  they  died  not  in  vain. 
And  their  comrades,  now  with  armless  sleeves,  wounds  and  shattered 
health,  together  with  them,  greet  with  awe  and  reverence  this  monu- 
ment which  silently  and  eloquently  stands  for  one  of  Pennsylvania's 
heroic  regiments.  What  a  hallowed  and  memorable  field  this!  How  like 
a  river  of  peace  is  the  quiet  reigning  here! 

As  principal  musician  of  the  gallant  Seventy-seventh,  I  knew  most  men 
in  the  regiment.  Four  long  years  I  put  you  to  bed  at  night  and  with 
reveille  awakened  you  in  the  early  morning;  and,  oh!  how  mad  the  boys 
were  at  the  fife  and  drums,  just  when  they  felt  like  having  a  good  morn- 
ing's sleep!  I  was  usually  the  first  out  of  bed  and  often  laughed  with  the 
drum  major  to  see  the  boys  coming  out  of  their  tents  before  sunrise. 

We  are  slowly  and  silently  gathering  to  the  shore  dividing  this  world 
from  the  world  eternal;  tho'  we  did  not  fall  in  battle  like  our  valiant 
comrades,  still  we  shall  face  the  last  enemy,  Death,  and  before  him  we 
shall  go  down  and  falling,  we  shall  rise  again  in  God's  good  pleasure. 

I  admire  and  reverence  this  splendid  monument  erected  to  our  heroic 
dead.  In  memory  I  recall  many  of  the  forms  and  faces  of  those  who  sleep 
on  this  beautiful,  historic  field.  They  were  soldiers  of  whom  any  army 
would  be  proud,  men  whom  the  old  Keystone  State  delights  to  honor. 
While  the  remnant  of  the  Seventy-seventh  abides  on  earth  our  sleeping 
comrades  cannot  be  forgotten.  When  we  have  gone  over  to  meet  them, 
then,  this  monument  will  say  to  generations  to.  come — a  gallant,  glorious 
regiment  defended  the  flag  and  government  of  our  fathers  on  this  field. 

I  would  like  to  say  more  but  emotion  bids  me  weep,  uncover  my  head 
and  stand  in  silent  awe  and  deep  humility  upon  this  sacred  ground.  I 
speak  to  men  now  at  this  monument  who  were  as  brave  as  those  who 
fell;  they  were  in  the  heat  of  battle;  but  they  lived— some  with  armless 
sleeves,  others  with  wounds  or  broken  health. 

But  at  last  we  shall  lie  down  in  sleep,  the  grass  and  lowers  for  our 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  195 

covering,  resting-  in  that  undisturbed  repose,  until  the  angel  of  the  res- 
urrection shall  sound  the  reveille  on  that  beautiful  morning  when  all 
shall  arise  and  the  Father  "shall  wipe  away  all  tears  from  our  eyes" 
and  bid  us  enter  and  welcome  where  eternal  peace  prevails. 


ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  GEORGE  W.  SKINNER. 

COMRADES  of  the  Seventy-seventh  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers: Nothing  that  has  occurred  in  my  whole  life  has  afforded 
me  quite  so  much  gratification  as  the  pleasure  of  meeting  so  many 
of  you  on  this  historic  spot  to-day.  It  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  this 
should  be  so.  For  four  years  and  more  most  of  us  here  to-day  knew  no 
other  homes  than  the  tents  and  bivouac  of  the  Seventy-seventh  Regiment 
of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  no  other  friendships  and  associations 
than  those  formed  by  our  connection  with  that  regiment,  amid  all  the 
perils  and  hardships  endured  by  it,  from  the  time  it  entered  the  service 
in  September,  1861,  until  finally  mustered  out  in  January,  1866.  Bound  to- 
gether so  closely,  as  we  were  in  those  stirring  times,  it  could  not  have  well 
been  otherwise  than  that  we  should  have  grown  to  regard  each  other  not 
only  as  comrades,  but  as  brothers.  The  many  years  that  have  elapsed 
since  our  service  ended  have  caused  most  of  us  who  are  still  living  to  drift 
far  apart,  but  the  lapse  of  all  these  years  has  not  driven  from  our  hearts 
and  minds  the  memories  of  the  days  when  we  were  marching  and  fighting, 
and  our  comrades  one  by  one  were  going  down  to  death  by  our  side  with- 
out a  cry,  or  a  murmur  of  regret  that  it  should  be  so. 

This  occasion  is  peculiarly  gratifying  to  me  because,  in  connection  with 
General  Robinson,  Colonel  Blakeley,  of  the  Seventy-eighth  Regiment,  and 
a  few  other  good  friends,  I  had  labored  for  years  to  secure  through  the 
Legislature  of  our  State  the  necessary  appropriations  not  only  to  build 
these  monuments  to  our  Pennsylvania  organizations,  but  to  bring  here 
free  of  expense,  for  the  purpose  of  seeing  them  dedicated,  all  the  sur- 
vivors of  such  organizations  as  are  now  residing  within  the  limits  of  our 
State.  In  justice  to  General  Robinson,  I  should  say,  that  the  suggestion 
that  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  should  be  asked  to  do  this,  first  came  to  me 
from  him  while  I  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  al- 
most ten  years  ago.  At  first  the  proposition  met  with  little  favor  at  Har- 
risburg,  but  by  persistc-nt  and  oft-repeated  effort,  success  was  at  last  at- 
tained, and  now  to-day  we  have  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  in  place  and 
ready  to  be  formally  dedicated  fifteen  splendid  monuments  to  commem- 
orate the  services  of  fifteen  of  the  seventeen  Pennsylvania  organizations 
participating  .in  the  various  engagements  fought  in  this  vicinity.  It  is  a 
matter  of  regret  to  all  of  us  that  the  two  remaining  regiments,  the  Sev- 
enty-third and  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania,  have  not  yet  been 
able  to  agree  upon  a  suitable  location  within  the  National  Park,  for  the 
monuments  intended  to  be  erected  in  their  honor.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
at  no  distant  day  they  too  may  have  monuments  in  place  similar  to  ours 


198  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

before  the  journey  would  be  half  ended  or  the  tale  half  told.  And  even  if 
it  were  possible  to  do  this  I  should  still  be  far  from  the  end  of  the  history 
of  this  grand  old  regiment  of  ours,  which  was  called  upon,  after  Lee's  sur- 
render, to  spend  many  months  of  service  in  the  far  off  State  of  Texas, 
where  the  dangers  which  befell  us  from  the  diseases  incident  to  a  strange 
climate  were  almost  as  great  and  almost  as  fatal  as  were  the  dangers 
which  confronted  us  while  facing  the  armed  foes  of  our  country. 

1  well  remember,  that  during  the  single  week  we  were  encamped  at 
Green  Lake,  Texas,  fully  a  score  of  our  comrades  were  stricken  with  and 
died  from  what  in  the  parlance  of  that  section  was  called  "brake-bone 
fever."  It  then  seemed  to  us  hard  indeed  that  so  many  brave  boys  who 
had  escaped  the  danger  of  over  half  a  hundred  battlefields  should  have 
been  compelled,  months  after  the  war  was  over  and  peace  proclaimed,  to 
yield  up  their  lives  amid  the  fever  stricken  swamps  of  an  inhospitable 
climate,  thousands  of  miles  away  from  their  homes  and  the  friends  who 
were  looking  and  longing  for  their  return. 

Now  comrades,  the  temptation  for  me  to  continue  talking  to-day  is 
very  great.  Each  face  before  me  this  afternoon  brings  up  a  flood  of 
memories,  and  I  fully  realize  that  never  again  after  we  leave  this  spot  will 
I  look  into  all  your  faces  again  in  this  world,  but  I  must  allow  others  to 
talk  to  you.  Here  is  Colonel  Robinson,  who  at  the  time  of  the  battle  here 
commanded  company  E.  He  was  wounded  and  captured  here,  and  after 
spending  more  than  a  year  in  different  Confederate  prisons  returned  to 
us  and  became  our  lieutenant  colonel,  and  was  afterwards  breveted 
brigadier  general.  He  must  have  a  vivid  recollection  of  much  that  oc- 
curred here.  So,  too,  must  Captain  McDowell,  who  was  the  first  to  dis- 
cover the  presence  of  the  enemy  on  that  eventful  evening,  and  who  also 
became  a  prisoner  after  having  been  wounded. 

Now  I  know  both  of  these  gentlemen  have  been  little  accustomed  to 
speech-making,  but  they  can  at  least  stand  up  and  let  you  look  at  them. 
They  are  not  quite  as  young  and  good  looking  as  when  you  last  saw  them 
on  this  spot,  but  their  interest  in  you  and  in  all  that  pertains  to  the  his- 
tory and  achievements  of  the  regiment  is  as  deep  as  ever  and  can  only 
diminish  with  death. 

Now,  comrades,  good-bye.  And  as  we  leave  this  spot,  let  us  hope  that 
this  monument  may  stand  here  for  ages,  telling  to  our  children  and  to 
our  children's  children,  if  they  should  ever  visit  this  field,  that  it  was  here 
their  fathers  fought,  not  in  an  unholy  war  of  conquest,  but  in  a  great 
struggle  for  human  liberty  and  for  the  preservation  of  the  American 
Union.  Our  old  soldiers  are  fast  passing  away  and  it  will  be  but  a  few 
more  years  at  best  until  the  last  one  of  the  survivors  of  that  grand  old 
army,  which  a  third  of  a  century  ago  shook  this  continent  with  its  firm 
and  mighty  tread,  will  have  "passed  from  earth  to  his  rest  in  the  grave." 
When  that  time  comes  the  deeds  of  the  men  who  comprised  that  army  can 
live  only  on  the  painter's  canvass,  in  the  sculptured  bronze  and  marble, 
or  in  story  and  in  song.  Let  us  hope,  that  no  lapse  of  time  or  change  of 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  199 

political  conditions  will  ever  cause  the  people  of  this  beloved  land  of  ours 
to  forget  the  magnitude  of  the  principles  involved  in  that  great  struggle, 
and  all  that  it  cost  in  blood  and  treasure  to  maintain  them. 

"Some  things  are  worthless,  some  so  good, 
That  Nations  which  buy,  buy  only  with  blood." 


ADDRESS  OF  BRIG.  GEN.  WILLIAM  A.  ROBINSON. 

COMRADES:— As  Captain  Skinner  has  truly  said,  I  am  not  accus- 
tomed to  speech-making,  and  shall  not  attempt  to  begin  that  role 
now.  I  can  at  least,  however,  express  my  very  great  pleasure  in  being 
permitted  to  look  again  into  the  faces  of  so  many  of  you.  Some  of  you 
I  have  not  seen  since  I  parted  with  you  on  this  ground  over  thirty-four 
years  ago.  It  was  my  misfortune  to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  on 
that  night,  which  we  all  remember  so  well,  and  when  I  returned  to  the 
regiment  more  than  a  year  afterwards  many  changes  had  taken  place; 
some  were  dead,  and  others  of  you  had  left  the  service  on  account  of 
wounds  or  other  disabilities.  Those  of  us  who  have  met  here  to-day  should 
thank  God  that  He  has  preserved  us  all  these  years,  and  has  permitted 
us  to  revisit  this  spot  to  participate  in  these  dedication  ceremonies.  When 
I  read  in  your  faces  and  hear  from  your  lips  the  gratification  that  you 
all  feel  over  having  this  splendid  monument  erected  in  your  honor  by  the 
great  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  I  feel  amply  repaid  for  my  share 
of  the  labors  performed  by  the  executive  committee  of  the  Chickamauga- 
Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commission.  Only  those  who  have  served  with 
me  upon  that  committee  can  have  any  adequate  conception  of  the  amount 
of  labor  we  have  been  obliged  to  perform,  not  only  in  locating  positions, 
but  in  agreeing  upon  designs  and  in  securing  the  necessary  legislation 
and  appropriation  of  n.oneys  at  Harrisburg.  Now  that  our  labors  of  more 
than  four  years  of  hard  active  effort  have  been  crowned  with  success,  we 
certainly  have  cause  for  feeling  like  congratulating  ourselves.  It  is  a 
pleasure  to  us  to  see  this  historic  field  crowned  with  so  many  Pennsyl- 
vania monuments,  and  it  is  a  greater  pleasure  to  us  to  know  that  our 
work  is  approved  by  you  in  almost  every  particular.  Of  course,  in  the 
performance  of  our  duties  we  have  been  assisted  in  many  ways  by  others, 
rot  only  by  comrades  of  other  regiments  and  other  states  who  fought 
with  us  on  this  field,  but  by  distinguished  gentlemen  of  our  own  State, 
who  aided  us  in  securing  the  proper  legislation  to  carry  our  plans  into 
effect.  While  I  cannot  here  attempt  to  mention  all  who  have  assisted  in 
this  direction,  I  feel  that  I  should  not  neglect  to  make  public  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  aid  and  sympathy  given  us  at  various  times  by  Governor  Pat- 
tison,  Governor  Hastings,  General  Boynton,  Senator  James  G.  Mitchell 
and  Representative  William  T.  Marshall,  the  two  latter  gentlemen  be- 
ing, respectively,  chairman  of  the  Senate  and  House  Appropriation  Com- 


200  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

mittees.  Then,  too,  we  were  fortunate  in  having  Captain  Skinner,  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  while  this  legislation  was  being  asked  for,  and 
if  he  had  not  done  his  whole  duty  by  us  we  would  certainly  have  had  him 
court  marshaled  and  shot. 

Now,  my  comrades,  instead  of  attempting  to  make  any  further  remarks 
01!  my  own,  I  am  going  to  have  read  and  included  as  the  remaining  portion 
of  my  speech,  a  letter  from  one  who  was  well  known  to  you  all  in  the 
days  of  your  service,  who  was  your  commanding  officer  when  you  entered 
this  fight,  who  was  captured  here  and  who,  after  several  months  confine- 
ment in  southern  prisons,  returned  to  take  command  of  you  in  many  other 
engagements  before  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  every  inch  a  soldier. 
After  our  regiment  was  mustered  out  in  1866,  he  sought  and  obtained  a 
commission  in  the  regular  army  and  has  but  recently  been  placed  on  the 
retired  list  after  more  than  thirty  years  service  under  the  "old  flag."  I 
know  you  will  join  with  me  in  expressing  many  regrets  that  he  could 
not  be  with  us  to-day  and  I  feel  that  you  will  all  be  interested  in  receiving 
his  message  to  you  which  I  now  ask  the  chairman  to  have  read. 

LETTER  FROM  COLONEL  THOMAS  E.  ROSE. 

Vernal,   Utah,   September  15,    1897. 

To  my  Comrades  of  the  Seventy-seventh  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer 

Infantry: 

My  Dear  Comrades:  A  letter  that  I  have  Just  received  from  Comrades  W.  A.  Robinson 
and  G.  W.  Skinner,  Informs  me  that  the  Pennsylvania  Monuments  on  the  battlefield 
of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  are  to  be  dedicated  on  the  15th  of  November,  and  kindly  Invites 
me.  on  behalf  of  the  comrades  of  this  regiment,  to  come  and  assist  in  the  dedication. 
Nothing  could  give  more  heartfelt  delight  than  to  be  with  you  there  to  assist  in  this 
v/ork  but  it  is  impossible  for  m°  to  be  there. 

I  should  love  to  see  the  monuments.  I  have  the  photographs  of  the  one  to  be  dedicated 
to  the  memory  of  the  Seventy-seventh.  It  is  beautiful  and  appropriate  and  from  the 
picture  of  the  surroundings  and  from  letters  that  I  have  received  from  time  to  time  In 
regard  to  it,  it  is  excellently  located. 

I  feel  under  great  obligations  to  Colonel  W.  A.  Robinson  and  other  comrades  of  the 
replment,  for  the  untiring  care  and  attention  that  they  have  given  to  the  design  and 
preparation,  and  to  the  selection  of  the  location  of  this  beautiful  monument. 

It  grieves  me  sadly  that  I  could  not  have  been  with  them,  to  assist  them  all 
through  this  arduous  work;  but  I  have  the  satisfaction  to  know  that  It  could  not  have 
been  better  done  and  may  be  would  not  have  been  done  so  well.  Still;  the  pleasure  it 
would  have  been  to  me  to  have  assisted  them  in  any  work  of  benefit,  or  honor,  lo 
my  comrades,  would  have  been  unbounded;  and  I  fesl  a  great  grief  in  having  to  forego 
the  pleasure  it  would  give  me,  to  be  with  you  on  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of  these 
monuments. 

There  is  hardly  a  week  or  a  day  passes,  that  the  familiar  face  of  some  comrade  of  the 
Seventy-seventh  does  not  come  vividly  to  my  mind.  Even  as  I  write  this  letter  they  all 
appear  to  be  standing  around  me,  the  living  and  the  dead,  watching  the  words  as 
they  come  from  my  pen.  But  they  appear  as  they  did  In  the  days  of  their  early  manhood. 
They  appear  as  they  did  when  I  saw  them  bid  farewell  to  their  dearest  kindred  and 
homes,  when  life  was  dear  and  sweet,  to  go  forth  to  encounter  the  hardships,  privations 
and  dangers,  of  a  long  and  exhausting  war.  As  they  did  when  I  saw  them  on  the  weary 
march  from  midnight  to  midnight,  Tramp!  Tramp!  no  rest  for  days  and  nights  together; 
through  rain  and  sleet  and  snow;  through  wintry  blasts  and  under  the  summer's  burning 
sun;  In  sweltering  heat  and  dust  as  dense  as  atmosphere  could  hold,  on  narrow  roads, 
through  dense  forests,  over  mountain  passes,  climbing,  and  plunging  through  swollen 
streams;  as  when  I  saw  them  on  the  lonely  picket  In  the  face  of  the  gravest  danger;  as 
when  I  saw  them  on  every  battlefield,  fighting  In  the  very  Jaws  of  death,  with  all  the 
desperation  of  men  struggling  for  their  lives— not  for  fame  or  glory— but  to  save  their 
country;  as  when  I  saw  them  receiving  dreadful  wounds,  and  being  carried  from  Hi. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  201 

field  in  agony;  as  when  I  saw  them  lay  down  their  young,  sweet  lives  on  bloody  fields, 
often  right  by  my  side;  as  when  I  saw  them  with  despairing  countenances,  in  prison 
pens  and  horrid  dungeons.  And  also  when  I  saw  them  in  the  hour  of  their  final 
triumph,  with  victory  on  their  banner,  when  the  war  clouds  broke  and  peace  once  more 
reigned  over  our  country. 

These  scenes  have  long  since  passed;  and  many  of  the  actors  have  passed  away.  But 
I  was  with  them  all  in  every  vicissitude,  from  first  to  last;  and  their  familiar  forms 
and  faces  may  well  come  vividly  to  my  memory,  as  I  saw  them  then,  though  I  was  to 
live  f?r  a  thousand  years. 

Those  of  the  actors  who  still  remain  have  passed  from  youth  and  vigorous  manhood 
to  old  age.  I  have  no  dcubt  they  are  greatly  changed  in  appearance;  and  the  contrast 
between  the  vision  I  have  related,  and  the  reality,  if  all  the  survivors  were  now  to  meet, 
would  probably  cause,  for  a  moment,  a  feeling  of  sadness  in  our  hearts;  but  the  great 
joy  that  would  be  produced  by  such  a  meeting  would  quickly  over-balance  any  such 
feeling;  fcr  the  same  hearts  beat  in  those  bosoms  with  a  friendship  for  each  other  and 
a  love  for  our  country,  that  time  can  never  remove. 

In  consideration  of  the  deeds  and  sacrifices  that  I  have  related,  our  countrymen  have 
seen  fit  to  honor  us  by  erecting  these  beautiful  monuments,  and  well,  I  think,  they  may 
set  fit  to  do  so.  Not  for  our  sakes  only,  but  for  their' s  and  future  generations. 

As  the  story  of  Lexington,  Bunker  Hill,  Monmouth,  Saratoga,  Yorktown  and  other 
battles  of  the  Revolution,  came  to  our  childhood's  ears  to  remind  us,  that,  by  the 
struggles  and  sacrifices  of  our  forefathers,  they  erected  for  us,  out  of  thirteen  poor,  dis- 
united and  dependent  colonies  of  England,  a  great  and  glorious  country  of  freedom, 
so  let  these  beautiful  monuments  on  the  battlefields  of  Shiloh,  Gettysburg,  Chickamauga, 
Vicksburg  and  other  great  battles  of  the  war,  remind  our  children  and  future  genera- 
tions that,  by  our  struggles  and  sacrifices,  we  erected  and  perpetuated  for  them,  out  of 
a  country  that  was  in  the  very  throes  of  dissolution  and  death,  one  of  the  foremost  na- 
tions of  the  earth. 

To  future  generations,  if  they  have  the  same  patriotism  and  love  _of  country  that 
burns  within  our  breasts,  which  God  grant  they  may  ever  have,  it  will  be  the  very 
foremost  nation  of  the  earth,  even  if  it  is  not  now. 

Much  has  been  said  of  the  vast  power  of  England  even  by  Americans.  The  great 
Daniel  Webster  said  "She  is  a  power  which  has  dotted  over  the  surface  of  the  whole 
globe  with  her  possessions  and  military  posts,  whose  morning  drum  beat,  following  the 
sun  and  keeping  company  with  the  hours,  circles  the  earth  with  one  continuous  and 
unbroken  strain  of  the  martial  airs  of  England." 

Now  it  Is  true  that  our  country  is  not  a  power  that  has  dotted  over  the  surface  of  the 
whole  globe  with  her  possessions  and  military  posts,  but  her  influence  is  none  the  less 
felt  in  every  land  and  sea  and  clime. 

She,  indeed,  has  no  drum  beat  following  the  sun  and  keeping  company  with  the  hours; 
but  as  the  morning  sunbeams  first  reach  her  glad  shores  at  the  eastern  sea  and  advance 
from  meridian  to  meridian  lighting  up  fir  clad  hills,  great  valleys,  lakes,  rivers,  vast 
plains  and  snow  capped  mountains,  until  they  touch  with  a  crimson  glow  the  waters 
of  the  western  ocean,  they  are  followed  and  the  hours  are  accompained  by  the  awaken- 
ing hum  of  peaceful  industry,  and  songs  of  joy  and  gladness  from  the  midst  of  sur- 
roundings which  contain  all  that  is  dear  to  the  heart  of  man;  not  from  detached  and 
distant  posts  over  intervening  stretches  of  barbarism;  but  over  one  whole,  united  and 
enlightened  country  that  extends  from  ocean  to  ocean  and  from  the  burning  tropics 
to  the  frozen  regions  under  the  midnight  sun. 

My  comrades,  it  was  to  assist  in  preserving  and  perpetuating  this  great  country  that 
we  banded  together,  in  the  hour  of  its  direst  peril,  under  the  name  of  the  Seventy-sev- 
enth Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Infantry  and  were  so  organized;  and  while  battling  for 
cur  country  for  four  years,  until  she  emerged  from  every  danger,  we  formed  a  friendship 
and  love  for  each  other  which  will  continue  as  long  as  life  lasts.  It  is  In  honor  of  this 
band  of  devoted  friends  that  this  beautiful  monument  has  been  erected  and  dedicated; 
and,  after  the  last  of  us  shall  have  passed  through  the  dark  valley  to  the  great  beyond, 
may  this  beautiful  monument  still  stand,  and  may  it  long  be  remembered  of  us  how 
well  we  loved  and  served  our  country. 
Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant  and  affectionate  comrade, 

THOMAS  E.   ROSE, 
Colonel,    Seventy-seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry. 


202  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

ON  THE  1st  of  August,  1861,  Frederick  S.  Stumbaugh,  a  citizen  of 
Chambersburg,  received  authority  from  the  War  Department  to 
recruit  a  regiment,  to  be  composed  of  eight  companies  of  infantry, 
and  one  of  artillery.  A  camp  of  rendezvous  was  established  at  Cham- 
bersburg, and  subsequently  at  Camp  Wilkins,  near  Pittsburgh.  The  men 
were  principally  recruited  in  the  counties  of  Franklin,  Cumberland,  Alle- 
gheny, Lancaster,  Huntingdon,  Blair,  Fulton  and  Luzerne.  Company  G, 
raised  at  Scranton,  was  composed  of  Welchmen,  or  of  Welch  descent, 
noted  for  their  stern  bravery,  as  were  the  men  generally  of  this  regi- 
ment, well  proved  on  many  a  hard  fought  field.  A  body  of  men  known  as 
Company  H,  though  never  fully  organized  on  account  of  lack  of  num- 
bers, continued  with  the  regiment  some  time,  marched  hundred  of  miles, 
and  was  actually  engaged  in  one  battle,  but  was  never  paid,  and  was 
finally  disbanded.  The  company  of  artillery  was  recruited  at  Erie,  under 
Captain  Muehler,  which  received  some  accessions  from  a  company  re- 
cruited at  Ch'ambersburg,  under  Captain  Housum.  It  remained  with  the 
regiment  until  the  beginning  of  the  year  1862,  when  it  was  detached,  and 
never  afterwards  rejoined  it.  In  October,  1861,  a  regimental  organization 
was  effected  by  the  choice  of  the  following  officers:  Frederick  S.  Stum- 
baugh, Colonel;  Peter  B.  Housum,  of  Franklin  county,  Lieutenant 
Colonel;  Stephen  N.  Bradford,  of  Luzerne  county,  Major.  While  at 
Camp  Wilkins,  company  and  regimental  drill  was  studiously  prosecuted, 
and  the  command  was  assigned  to  a  brigade  composed  of  the  Seventy- 
seventh,  Seventy-eighth  and  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  Regiments, 
under  command  of  Brigadier  General  James  S.  Negley. 

On  the  18th  of  October,  the  regiment  moved  by  transport  to  Louisville, 
and  thence  marched  south  on  the  line  of  the  Louisville  Railroad  to  the 
north  bank  of  the  Nolin  river,  where  it  was  encamped  for  a  month,  and 
subsequently  at  Camp  Negley,  a  mile  south  of  the  stream.  Here  the  regi- 
ment was  detached  from  Negley's  Brigade,  and  assigned  to  Wood'st  when 
it  moved  to  the  camp  of  the  latter,  five  miles  east.  Proceeding  leisurely 
forward,  and  spending  considerable  time  in  camps  by  the  way,  the  regi- 
ment arrived  at  Nashville,  on  the  2d  of  March,  1862,  the  capture  of  Forts 
Henry  and  Donaldson,  two  weeks  earlier,  by  General  Grant,  having 
opened  the  Cumberland  and  Tennessee  rivers,  and  prepared  the  way  for 
Its  occupation.  Soon  after  his  victories  of  the  16th  of  February,  General 
Grant,  crossing  over  to  the  Cumberland  river,  moved  up  with  his  com- 

•Kxtract  from  Bates'   History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 

tOrganlzatlon  of  the  Fifth  Brigade  (subsequently  the  Second).  General  Thomas  J. 
Wood,  Second  Division;  General  A.  M'Dowell  M'Cook,  Buell's  Army  (subsequently  the 
Twentieth  Corps).  Seventy-seventh  Regiment  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  Fred- 
erick S.  Stumbaugh;  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  Ind'ana  Volunteers.  Colonel  John  F.  Mil- 
ler: Thirtieth  Replirent  Indiana  Volunteers.  Colonel  Sinn  S.  Bass;  Thirty-fourth  Regi- 
ment Illinois  Volunteers,  Colonel  Edward  N.  Kirk. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  203 

mand,  first  encountering  opposition  at  PittS'burg  Landing.  At  the  same 
time  General  Buell  commenced  a  co-operative  movement  south,  along 
the  line  of  the  Nashville  and  Decatur  Railroad,  but  was  much  delayed 
in  building  bridges  and  repairing  the  road.  Before  Grant  had  his  army 
concentrated,  General  Alberf  o:  Viey  Johnson,  in  chief  command  of  the 
rebel  army,  at  Corinth,  "  ;  twenty  miles  away,  having  gathered 

all  together,  moved  steau.  and  attacked  the  Union  forces,  repos- 

ing unsuspicious  of  danger,  on  ..  norning  of  Sunday,  April  6.  The  ad- 
vance division  of  General  Buell's  column  had  reached  Savannah,  eight 
miles  from  the  Landing,  on  the  evening  of  the  5th.  The  dull  sound  of 
musketry,  and  the  heavy  booming  of  cannon  heard  on  the  following  morn- 
ing, told  to  the  quick  apprehension  of  the  soldiers  that  the  battle  had  been 
begun.  Sending  messengers  in  hot  haste  to  his  other  divisions,  moving 
toilsomely  forward,  to  hasten  on,  Buell  pushed  forward  with  the  head  of 
his  column,  Nelson's  Division,  up  to  the  point  opposite  the  Landing,  where 
he  was  to  cross,  but  did  not  reach  the  field  until  near  evening,  and  until 
the  fighting  of  the  day  was  nearly  over.  Of  the  five  divisions  which  Grant 
had  upon  the  field  three  had  been  routed,  and  two  forced  back;  but  mass- 
ing his  artillery  he  had  succeeded  in  checking  the  enemy's  fierce  onset, 
when  Nelson  went  into  position,  and  helped  to  preserve  a  firm  front. 
During  the  night  other  of  Buell's  forces  began  to  arrive.  Crittenden  came 
first,  followed  by  McCook.  The  rest  of  his  forces  were  too  far  away  to  be 
of  any  avail,  though  two  brigades  of  Wood's  Division  arrived  as  the 
battle  was  closing.  The  Seventy-seventh  was  far  back  when  the  battle 
began,  but  throwing  aside  every  incumbrance,  and  taking  a  full  supply 
of  ammunition,  it  moved  upon  the  first  intimation  of  need,  and  after  a 
forced  march  of  twenty  miles  arrived  at  Savannah  at  midnight.  Standing 
in  the  pelting  rain,  awaiting  transportation,  until  four  on  the  morning 
of  the  7th,  it  embarked  on  the  Crescent  City,  and  at  seven  steamed  off. 
At  eight  it  reached  the  Landing  and  debarked,  and  making  its  way,  with 
difficulty,  up  the  steep  and  slippery  banks,  moved  to  the  scene  of  action. 
During  the  early  part  of  the  day  it  was  held  in  reserve,  though  exposed 
to  a  severe  fire.  In  the  progress  of  the  fight  the  enemy's  cavalry  charged 
upon  it,  but  was  handsomely  repulsed.  It  was  finally  moved  to  the 
right,  and  formed  on  the  left  of  Rousseau's  Brigade.  Here  the  enemy's 
sharpshooters,  concealed  behind  trees,  were  very  troublesome,  picking 
off  officers  with  unerring  aim.  Two  companies,  A  and  B,  were  deployed 
as  skirmishers,  and  advanced,  clearing  the  woods  and  securing  immunity 
from  peril.  In  the  final  charge  the  regiment  was  in  the  front,  and  took 
many  prisoners,  among  them  Colonel  Battles,  of  the  Twentieth  Tennessee. 
At  three  P.  M.,  the  battle  was  over,  the  enemy  retiring.  The  loss  was 
three  killed,  and  seven  wounded.  It  was  the  only  Pennsylvania  regiment 
in  this  battle. 

For  eight  days  the  regiment  remained  on  the  field,  during  which  time  it 
rained  almost  incessantly.  On  the  14th,  the  tents  having  been  brought 
up,  it  moved  on  several  miles,  to  escape  the  horrid  stench  of  that  bloody 
field.  While  here  much  sickness  prevailed,  which  resulted  in  fatal  fevers. 

14 


204  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Housum  fell  a  victim  to  its  blighting  influence,  and 
was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  field,  leaving  Major  Bradford  in  command, 
Colonel  Stumbaugh,  since  the  battle  in  which  Colonel  Kirk  was  wounded, 
having  been  in  command  of  the  brigade.  It  was  not  until  the  beginning 
of  May  that  the  army  moved  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and  another  month 
expired  before  the  Seventy-seventh  reached  the  works  about  Corinth. 
On  the  28th  of  May,  there  was  considerable  skirmishing  on  its  front,  and 
it  was  engaged  in  throwing  up  breast-works.  Early  on  the  morning  of 
Friday,  the  30th,  a  heavy  explosion  was  heard  in  the  direction  of  the 
town,  and  upon  advancing  it  was  found  that  his  fortifications  were  de- 
serted. General  Pope,  who  had  joined  Grant,  was  sent  in  pursuit  of  the 
retreating  rebels,  and  Buell  commenced  the  march  back  into  Tennessee. 
McCook's  Division  kept  upon  the  right  flank,  proceeding  along  the  line 
of  the  Memphis  and  Tennessee  Railway,  and  passing  through  luka,  Flor- 
ence, Athens,  Bridgeport,  to  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and  thence 
north  to  Nashville,  reaching  the  city  early  in  September. 

General  Bragg,  who  now  held  command  of  the  rebel  army  opposed  to 
Buell,  having  collected  a  formidable  force,  had  entered  Tennessee,  and 
was  making  for  Kentucky,  Louisville,  seemingly  his  objective  point.  To 
prevent  its  occupation  Buell,  leaving  only  a  small  force  for  the  defence 
of  Nashville,  hastened  with  the  main  body  to  its  protection.  By  the  26th 
of  September,  the  regiment  had  reached  the  neighborhood  of  the  city, 
Bragg  having  been  beaten  in  the  race.  Resting  but  four  days  it  about 
faced,  and  moved  with  the  army  in  search  of  the  enemy,  Buell  having 
resolved  to  offer  battle.  The  division  moved  upon  the  extreme  left  of  the 
column,  in  the  direction  of  Frankfort,  and  first  encountered  the  enemy's 
pickets  at  Fern  Creek,  and  again  at  Claysville,  where  a  spirited  skirmish 
occurred.  On  the  8th  of  October,  the  day  on  which  the  battle  of  Perry- 
ville  was  fought  by  the  main  body  of  the  army,  the  division,  having 
advanced  a  few  miles  beyond  Frankfort,  returned,  it  having  been  ascer- 
tained that  Kirby  Smith,  with  a  heavy  rebel  force,  was  in  front,  and 
manoeuvring  to  cut  it  off  from  the  main  column.  Recrossing  the  river 
it  moved  on  the  Danville  road,  and  at  Lawrenceburg  encountered  the 
rebel  vanguard.  Skirmishing  ensued  at  intervals,  but  by  a  forced  march 
it  succeeded  in  eluding  pursuit  and  in  defeating  his  purposes. 

Moving  back  to  the  neighborhood  of  Nashville  the  regiment  rested  until 
the  opening  of  the  winter  campaign.  In  the  meantime  Buell  was  super- 
seded by  Rosecrans,  and  Colonel  Stumbaugh  having  resigned,  the  com- 
mand of  the  regiment  devolved  on  Lieutenant  Colonel  Housum.  During 
the  later  part  of  November,  the  brigade  was  several  times  sent  out  on 
reconnoitring  expeditions,  in  which  the  enemy  was  met,  and  on  the  27th 
had  a  hot  skirmish  near  Lavergne. 

On  the  26th  of  December,  the  regiment  broke  camp,  and  joined  in  the 
grand  movement  of  the  army  in  the  direction  of  Murfreesboro.  On  the 
following  day  skirmishing  commenced,  and  the  enemy  was  driven,  until 
the  30th,  when  he  was  found  in  force  covering  the  town,  his  left  resting 
on  the  right  bank  of  Stone  river.  McCook's  Corps  immediately  went  into 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  205 

position  in  his  front,  Johnson's  Division  on  the  extreme  right,  the  Sev- 
enty-seventh on  the  left,  and  joining  the  right  of  Davis'  Division,  which 
stood  next.  The  position  of  the  regiment  was  upon  the  edge  of  a  cedar 
brake,  with  a  cornfield  in  front,  the  skirmish  line  of  the  enemy  resting  on 
the  opposite  side.  In  this  position  it  remained  nearly  twenty-four  hours 
with  little  firing,  though  the  enemy  was  in  close  proximity.  During  the 
night  the  movement  of  his  forces,  just  in  rear  of  his  front  line,  could  be 
distinctly  heard.  This  intelligence  was  communicated  to  Colonel  Housum 
by  the  officer  in  command  of  the  skirmishers  of  the  Seventy-seventh,  and 
Captain  Robinson  met  General  McCook  about  midnight,  and  informed 
him  that  he  was  sure  that  the  enemy  was  massing  his  troops  for  an  at- 
tack. The  Colonel  accordingly  ordered  his  men  to  stand  to  arms, 
and  there  was  no  more  sleep  during  that  night.  The  other  regiments 
of  the  division,  unwarned  or  unsuspicious  of  danger,  were  still  resting 
with  arms  stacked,  when  at  daylight  Hardee's  Corps  broke  like  a  whirl- 
wind upon  Johnson's  Division.  The  Seventy-seventh  was  ready  for  the 
onset,  and  poured  in  a  destructive  fire.  Not  so  the  troops  upon  the  right, 
who  were  doubled  up,  and  broken  like  a  leaf  in  the  hand  of  the  destroyer. 
The  battery  horses  were  unhitched,  and  a  part  of  them  were,  at  that 
moment,  being  led  away  to  watering.  The  Brigade  Battery,  Edgarton's, 
was  captured,  and  turned  upon  the  Union  forces.  The  right  of  the  divi- 
sion had  been  driven  and  dispersed,  and  now  a  heavy  column  of  the 
enemy  made  a  determined  attack  upon  the  right  of  Davis'  Division, 
which  also  gave  way.  Heavily  pressed  in  front,  with  both  flanks  ex- 
posed, the  Seventy-seventh  was  forced  to  retire  a  short  distance,  but 
reformed  on  the  right  of  Davis,  on  a  line  at  right  angles  to  the  original 
position,  facing  to  the  west,  to  meet  the  fresh  onset  of  the  enemy  on  the 
right  flank.  Five  hundred  yards  away  was  a  rebel  battery,  and  a  short 
distance  from  it  were  Edgarton's  guns*.  Colonel  Housum  determined  to 
recapture  them,  and  ordering  a  charge,  led  his  regiment  on  with  un- 
faltering bravery,  swept  the  enemy  before  him,  and  recovered  the  lost 
pieces.  Not  satisfied  with  his  success,  he  pushed  on  towards  the  rebel 
guns;  but  here  he  was  met  by  a  powerful  body  of  the  enemy's  supports, 
and  was  hurled  back,  losing  all  he  had  gained.  In  this  last  desperate 
encounter,  Colonel  Housum  was  killed.  His  last  words,  addressed  to 
his  Adjutant,  were  "Davis,  I  am  wounded.  Stay  by  the  brave  boys  of 
the  Seventy-seventh."  Again  reforming  on  the  right  of  Davis'  Division, 
under  command  of  Captain  Thomas  E.  Rose,  the  regiment  continued  the 
fight  until  overborne  by  weight  of  numbers,  this  division,  also,  was  forced 
back,  and  took  up  a  position  on  the  right  of  the  Nashville  Turnpike,  and 
just  in  rear  of  the  rising  ground  whereon  was  massed  the  artillery  which 
finally  checked  the  rebel  onset,  and  which  has  since  been  selected  as  the 
last  resting  place  of  the  men  who  fell  on  that  ever  memorable  field. 
During  the  night,  and  the  following  day  until  noon,  it  remained  at  the 
front,  and  was  frequently  engaged.  It  then  moved  back,  and  was  posted 
in  the  position  which  it  occupied  on  the  previous  day,  where  the  brigade 
was  gathered  under  command  of  Colonel  J.  B.  Dodge,  of  the  Thirtieth 


206  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Indiana.  The  fighting  on  the  2d  of  January,  the  third  day  of  the  battle, 
on  the  left  and  centre  was  very  severe;  but  the  enemy,  broken  and  dis- 
pirited, was  forced  to  yield,  and  during  the  night  hastily  withdrew  from 
the  field.  At  Murfreesboro,  on  the  20th  of  March  following,  when  Gen- 
eral Rosecrans  was  reviewing  the  army,  preparatory  to  his  second  grand 
advance  against  Bragg,  as  he  came  to  the  Seventy-seventh,  in  passing 
along  the  line,  he  halted  in  its  front  and  said,  "Colonel,  I  see  that  your 
regiment  is  all  right.  Give  my  compliments  to  the  boys,  and  tell  them 
that  I  say  'It  was  the  banner  regiment  at  Stone  River.'  They  never 
broke  their  ranks." 

After  the  battle,  and  until  the  middle  of  February,  the  regiment  was 
engaged  in  guard,  scout  and  foraging  duty.  It  then  went  into  camp  at 
Murfreesboro,  and  was  employed,  until  the  opening  of  the  summer  cam- 
paign, in  erecting  fortifications.  In  the  meantime  Captain  Rose  was 
commissioned  Colonel;  Captain  Frederick  S.  Pyfer,  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
and  Captain  Alexander  Phillips,  Major,  Major  Bradford  having  resigned. 
On  the  24th  of  June,  the  regiment  broke  camp,  and  moving  by  the  Shelby- 
ville  Pike,  the  whole  army  being  in  motion,  encountered  Cleburne's  Divi- 
sion of  the  rebel  army  at  Liberty  Gap.  Colonel  Miller,  of  the  Twenty- 
ninth  Indiana,  in  command,  formed  the  brigade  on  the  right  of  Willick's, 
which  was  in  advance,  and  was  first  engaged.  The  enemy  occupied  a  high 
hill,  abrupt  c-f  ascent.  The  Seventy-seventh,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Twenty-ninth  Indiana,  charged  and  carried  the  heights,  routing  the 
enemy,  and  driving  him  to  the  next  range,  a  mile  distant.  During  the 
ensuing  night  the  enemy  was  reinforced,  but  on  the  following  morning 
the  Union  line  moved  forward  to  attack.  The  Seventy-seventh  was  ob- 
liged to  move  over  a  level  ploughed  field,  now  trodden  into  deep  mud. 
In  passing  this  it  was  exposed  to  a  hot  fire,  from  which  many  fell,  among 
them  Colonel  Miller,  Colonel  Rbse  succeeding  him  in  command  of  the 
brigade.  For  nearly  two  hours  the  battle  raged  with  unabated  fury, 
when  the  enemy  was  again  routed,  and  put  to  fight.  The  regiment  lost 
one-third  of  its  effective  strength,  Lieutenant  William  H.  Thomas  being 
among  the  killed,  and  Captain  Kreps  among  the  badly  wounded. 

Soon  afterwards  the  rebel  leader  commenced  his  retreat  towards  Chat- 
tanooga, and  Rosecrans  followed  in  pursuit,  intent  on  again  bringing 
him  to  bay.  On  the  30th  of  August,  the  regimen/  reached  Stevenson,  and 
on  the  following  day  crossed  the  Tennessee  Kiver.  Passing  over  Sand  and 
Lookout  Mountains,  the  brigade  moved  down  to  near  Rome,  Georgia;  but 
soon  after  returned,  and  ascending  Lookout,  passed  along  upon  its  sum- 
mit, remaining  some  time  near  the  falls  of  Little  River,  and  on  the  17th  of 
September  descended  into  McLemore's  Cove,  where  it  went  into  line  in 
the  enemy's  front.  On  the  19th,  changing  rapidly  several  miles  to  the 
loft,  where  the  fighting  was  very  heavy,  it  was  ordered  into  positon, 
and  charged,  driving  the  enemy  nearly  two  miles.  The  Seventy-seventh 
was  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  division,  and  had  attained  a  position  con- 
siderably in  advance  of  the  troops  on  its  right.  But  as  the  enemy 
seemed  thoroughly  beaten,  no  immediate  evil  resulted.  General  Willick, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  207 

however,  immediately  ordered  Colonel  Rose  to  send  out  a  detachment  to 
the  right  to  ascertain  how  wide  was  the  gap  between  his  troops  and  next 
of  the  line.  Two  companies,  under  Lieutenant  Colonel  Pyfer,  were  dis- 
patched, who  soon  returned  reporting  the  distance  a  mile  and  a  quarter. 
General  Willick  ordered  the  position  to  be  held,  and  said  that  troops 
would  be  sent  to  fill  the  gap.  Just  at  dark  a  heavy  rebel  column  of  fresh 
troops  attacked  with  great  violence.  That  fatal  gap  was  not  filled,  and 
the  Seventy-seventh  Pennsylvania,  and  Seventy-ninth  Illinois,  with 
flanks  exposed,  were  left  to  battle  alone  with  an  overpowering  hostile 
force.  With  a  coolness  and  courage  rarely  paralleled,  the  men  held  their 
ground,  and  when  at  length  outflanked,  and  the  line  enfiladed,  there  were 
signs  of  wavering,  the  officers  seized  the  colors,  and  with  unwonted 
heroism,  and  daring,  inspired  the  men,  by  their  example,  with  fresh 
enthusiasm  to  maintain  the  fight,  and  to  hold  the  ground.  The  action 
became  desperate,  and  hand  to  hand,  and  to  distinguish  friend  from  foe 
was  difficult.  In  the  midst  of  the  fight  the  rebel  General,  Preston  Smith, 
was  shot  down  by  Sergeant  Bryson,  the  General  having  taken  the  Ser- 
geant for  one  of  his  own  men,  and  being  in  the  act  of  striking  him  with 
his  sword  for  some  conceived  offence.  But  the  odds  were  too  great,  and 
that  little  band  of  heroes  was  forced  to  yield,  all  the  field  officers,  seven 
line  officers,  and  seventy  men  of  the  Seventy-seventh  falling  into  the 
hands  of  the  enemy.  Those  who  escaped  retired  during  the  night,  and 
under  the  command  of  Captain  J.  J.  Lawson  took  part  in  the  fierce  fight- 
ing of  the  following  day.  On  the  21st  they  retired,  with  the  army,  to 
Chattanooga,  and  were  engaged  in  fortifying,  and  in  repelling  the  ad- 
vance of  Bragg. 

On  the  26th  of  October,  the  command  moved  to  the  summit  of  Walden's 
Ridge,  and  thence,  by  Jasper  and  Shellmound,  to  Whiteside,  where  it 
remained  until  the  close  of  the  year.  In  January,  a  large  proportion  of  its 
members  re-enlisted,  and  were  given  a  veteran  furlough.  Upon  their  re- 
turn to  the  front,  in  April,  they  found  Sherman  preparing  for  his  Atlanta 
campaign.  At  Tunnel  Hill,  on  the  7th  of  May,  they  first  encountered  the 
enemy,  from  which  position  he  was  driven,  and  on  the  following  day  at 
Rocky  Face  Ridge,  the  contest  continuing  until  the  morning  of  the  19th. 
At  Resaca,  and  at  Kingston  it  lost  severely.  Again  on  the  25th,  at  New 
Hope  Church,  they  were  warmly  engaged.  Temporary  breast- works  were 
erected,  and  for  three  days  the  fighting  continued.  On  the  4th  of  June 
they  were  moved  three  miles  to  the  left,  where  again  the  ground  was 
hotly  contested.  At  Acworth,  on  the  Oth  of  June,  Colonel  Rose,  after 
his  long  confinement  as  prisoner  of  war,  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  re- 
sumed command.  From  the  19th  to  the  23d,  it  lay  close  up  to  the  base  of 
Kenesaw  Mountain,  where  it  was  hotly  engaged,  and  was  exposed  to  a 
terrible  fire  of  artillery,  losing  heavily.  On  the  24th,  with  the  entire 
corps  (it  being  now  in  the  Third  Brigade,  First  Divison  of  the  Fourth 
Corps),  it  moved  to  the  right,  and  for  four  days  had  sharp  fighting.  A 
desperate  assault  was  then  made  upon  the  fortifications,  which  was  re- 
pulsed; but  the  lines  still  held  their  position  close  up  to  the  enemy's 


208  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

works  until  July  3,  when  he  again  retreated.  At  Smyrna  the  enemy  made 
a  stand,  and  the  brigade  was  ordered  to  assault  his  works.  They  were 
gallantly  carried  and  occupied.  At  the  Chattahoochee  River  the  regiment 
was  kept  busy  for  several  days  in  skirmishing,  and  at  Peach  Tree  Creek, 
on  the  20th  and  21st,  was  hotly  engaged. 

The  enemy  now  retired  to  his  fortifications  about  Atlanta,  and  for  a 
month  the  regiment  was  constantly  employed  in  the  operations  of  the 
investment.  Captain  John  E.  Walker  was  killed  on  the  5th  of  August. 
On  the  25th  of  August,  it  moved  to  the  Montgomery  Railroad,  and  was 
employed  in  destroying  the  track.  On  the  1st  of  September  it  struck  the 
Macon  road,  and  assisted  in  effecting  its  destruction  for  a  long  distance. 
At  Jonesboro  the  command  went  into  position  on  the  left  of  the  Four- 
teenth Corps.  The  enemy  was  driven  to  his  second  line  of  works,  from 
which  he  opened  a  heavy  fire.  Halting  for  the  troops  to  come  up,  prepa- 
rations were  made  for  renewing  the  engagement  in  the  morning;  but 
when  morning  came  it  was  discovered  that  he  had  retired.  At  Lovejoy 
the  regiment  was  warmly  engaged  on  the  2d,  3d,  4th,  and  evening  of  the 
5th  of  September.  On  the  3d,  Major  Phillips  lost  an  arm,  and  Lieutenant 
H.  R.  Thompson  was  killed. 

After  the  fall  of  Atlanta,  Hood,  now  in  command  of  the  rebel  army, 
moved  north  upon  Sherman's  communications.  Sherman  followed  as  far 
as  Gaylesville,  Alabama,  where,  finding  that  he  could  not  bring  his  ad- 
versary to  battle,  he  sent  Stanley  with  the  Fourth  Corps,  and  Schofield 
with  the  Twenty-third,  to  report  to  Thomas,  in  command  at  Nashville, 
while  he  turned  back  with  the  balance  of  his  army  to  Atlanta,  and  sub- 
sequently to  the  sea.  With  the  Fourth  Corps  the  regiment  moved  to 
Pulaski,  on  the  Nashville  and  Decatur  Railroad,  arriving  on  the  3d  of 
November.  Three  weeks  later  it  retired  to  Columbia,  and  here  the  enemy 
again  made  his  appearance,  and  was  warmly  greeted,  not  having  been 
seen  for  a  month.  His  main  columns  approached  on  the  Waynesboro 
road,  and  the  Seventy-seventh,  with  other  troops,  was  posted  on  an 
eminence  commanding  it.  Without  attempting  to  force  his  way  in  front, 
he  designed,  by  a  flank  movement,  to  cut  off  the  Union  forces  from  their 
way  of  retreat  to  Nashville,  and  thus  beat  them  in  detail.  In  this  he 
came  nigh  being  successful.  Remaining  until  after  dark,  on  the  29th, 
the  regiment  moved  in  rear  of  the  column,  and  succeeded  in  eluding  the 
rebel  chieftain,  and  safely  reaching  Franklin.  Here  it  was  decided  to 
make  a  stand,  the  lines  were  established,  and  temporary  breast-works 
thrown  up  covering  the  town,  which  is  situated  in  an  elbow  of  the  Har- 
peth  River.  The  First  Division  of  the  Fourth  Corps  was  posted  on  the 
right  of  the  line,  covering  the  roads  leading  west,  with  its  right  resting  on 
the  river.  The  Seventy-seventh  was  deployed  as  skirmishers,  connecting 
on  the  left  with  the  skirmishers  of  the  Twenty-third  Corps.  Scarcely 
had  the  line  been  posted,  four  companies  upon  the  outer  line,  and  the  re- 
maining ones  in  close  proximity  in  reserve,  before  the  enemy  came  up  in 
line  of  battle,  and  commenced  a  furious  attack.  The  skirmishers  upon 
the  right,  not  having  got  into  position,  gave  way,  and  his  line  pushed  on 
in  pursuit.  The  Seventy-seventh  maintained,  heroically,  its  position 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  209 

against  overwhelming  odds,  until  nearly  surrounded,  but  succeeded  in 
cutting  its  way  back,  bringing  in  all  its  wounded  and  some  of  its  dead. 
It  was  now  posted  behind  the  breast-works,  on  the  left  of  the  Thirtieth 
Indiana,  where  it  remained  until  the  close  of  the  battle. 

At  midnight  the  forces  withdrew  across  the  Harpeth  River,  and  retired 
to  Nashville.  Hood  followed,  and  sat  down  in  front  of  the  town.  Having 
gathered  in  and  re-organized  his  forces,  mounting  what  he  could,  Thomas 
marched  out  on  the  15th  of  December,  and  attacked  him  in  his  entrench- 
ments. The  regiment  moved  on  the  Granny  White  Pike,  and  was  en- 
gaged with  the  troops  on  the  right,  that  stormed  the  heights  where  the 
rebel  lines  were  first  broken.  At  night  it  moved  three  miles  to  the  Frank- 
lin Pike,  and  at  daylight,  with  other  troops,  attacked  the  eremy  in  the 
new  position  to  which  he  had  withdrawn.  In  moving  over  the  hill,  to  the 
right  of  the  pike,  it  was  exposed  to  a  terrible  cross  fire  of  grape  and 
canister,  losing  heavily,  Colonel  Rose  having  his  horse  killed  under  him, 
and  Lieutenant  Baldwin  being  killed.  But  undismayed  it  pushed  forward, 
carried  both  lines  of  the  enemy's  works,  and  captured  one  of  the  batteries 
from  which  it  had  suffered  so  severely  in  advancing.  The  rebel  army 
was  completely  routed,  losing  heavily  in  men  and  material.  The  pur- 
suit was  vigorously  pushed,  but  swollen  streams,  and  almost  impassible 
roads,  delayed  the  column.  The  Seventy-seventh  followed  up,  occa- 
sionally skirmishing  with  his  rear  guard,  until  it  reached  Huntsville, 
Alabama,  where  it  rested. 

On  the  13th  of  March,  1865,  'the  regiment  broke  camp,  and  moved  to 
Strawberry  Plains,  East  Tennessee,  where  it  was  joined  by  three  new 
companies  under  Captains  Rohrbacker,  Bell  and  Shock.  Two  weeks 
later  it  pushed  on  to  Bull's  Gap,  and  here  received  two  more  companies 
under  Captains  Brauff  and  Shaw.  On  the  25th  of  April,  the  regiment  re- 
turned, by  rail,  to  Nashville.  While  here  Major  William  A.  Robinson  was 
promoted  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Captain  J.  J.  Lawson  to  Major. 
In  the  re-organization  of  the  forces,  which  was  here  made,  the  regiment 
was  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade  of  the  First  Division  of  the  Fourth 
Corps,  and  Colonel  Rose  placed  in  command  of  the  brigade,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Robinson  of  the  regiment. 

The  rebel  armies  east  of  the  Mississippi,  thoroughly  beaten,  had  laid 
down  their  arms,  and  surrendered  to  the  victors;  but  on  the  west  they 
still  preserved  a  hostile  front.  The  Seventy-seventh,  with  other  forces 
was  accordingly,  ordered  to  Texas.  Moving  by  rail  to  Johnsonville,  it 
proceeded,  by  transport,  to  New  Orleans,  where  it  bivouacked  for  three 
weeks  on  the  field  of  Jackson's  victory,  and  thence  by  steamer,  to  In- 
dianola,  Texas,  arriving  on  the  27th  of  July.  From  here  it  marched  to 
Green  Lake,  where  a  halt  of  ten  days  was  made,  and  then  proceeded  to 
Camp  Stanley,  four  miles  above  Victoria,  on  the  Gaudaloupe  River. 
Here  it  remained  until  the  1st  of  October,  when  it  returned  to  Victoria. 
On  the  5th  of  December,  it  received  orders  to  return  home,  and  breaking 
camp,  marched  to  Indianola,  a  distance  of  fifty  miles,  where  it  embarked, 
and  on  the  16th  of  January,  1866,  arrived  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  finally 
mustered  out  of  service. 
14 


210  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

78TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

BROTHERTON'S  WOODS,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  14,  1897. 

PRAYER  BY  REV.  J.  THOMPSON  GIBSON,  D.  D. 

OLORD,  we  adore  Thee  as  the  King,  eternal,  immortal,  invisible;  the 
only  wise  God.  We  worship  Thee  as  our  Creator,  Preserver  and 
Bountiful  Benefactor.  We  thank  Thee  that  in  Thy  gracious  provid- 
ence we  have  been  given,  a  home  in  this  great  and  good  land,  where  we 
have  civil  and  religious  liberty,  where  the  civil  government  is  the 
ordinance  of  God  for  justice,  where  our  religious,  civil  and  social  institu- 
tions are  leavened  and  moulded  by  the  gospel  of  Christ.  We  confess  be- 
fore Thee  our  unworthiness,  our  selfishness  and  our  failure  to  use  the 
high  privileges  and  opportunities  as  we  should  have  done.  We  confess 
that  as  a  nation  we  sinned  against  Thee,  the  King  of  kings  and  Lord  of 
lords;  that  as  a  nation  we  degraded  the  ordinance  of  God  for  justice  and 
made  it  a  means  of  enslaving  and  oppressing  our  fellowmen.  We  rec- 
ognize Thy  mighty  hand  and  outstretched  arm  in  the  deliverance  wrought 
for  the  enslaved  people  by  the  blood  shed  on  this  and  other  consecrated 
battlefields.  We  recognize  Thy  hand  in  controlling  and  bringing  to  a  right 
issue  the  great  war  in  which  it  was  our  lot  to  take  part.  We  thank  Thee 
for  the  courage,  patriotism  and  devotion  to  right  principles  that  char- 
acterized the  lives  of  the  brave  men  who  fell  on  this,  field  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  our  government  and  the  interests  of  human  liberty.  We  pray  Thee 
to  forgive  all  the  wrong  that  has  been  done  by  the  nation,  and  help  us  as 
a  nation  in  the  future  to  do  justly,  love  mercy,  and  walk  humbly  with 
Thee. 

We  pray  for  a  blessing  upon  the  families  and  friends  of  those  who  fell 
on  this  field.  We  pray  for  a  blessing  upon  those  who  are  suffering  while 
they  still  live  from  the  wounds  received  here.  We  pray  for  a  special 
blessing  upon  the  nation  that  has  been  preserved  through  this  sacrifice 
of  blood  and  treasure. 

In  Thy  presence  and  on  this  Thy  holy  day,  we  set  apart  and  dedicate  to 
the  memory  of  those  who  died,  this  goodly  monument.  May  it  stand  for 
centuries  to  testify  to  the  courage  and  devotion  of  those  who  died  here  for 
a  great  cause.  May  it  ever  be  to  all  beholders  an  inspiration  to  noble 
deeds  of  sacrifice  for  the  preservation  of  all  our  national  blessings  and  for 
the  establishment  of  whatever  will  tend  to  the  greater  liberty  and  the 
nobler  development  of  our  fellowmen. 

Enable  those  of  us  who  are  assembled  here  to-day  to  reconsecrate  our- 
selves to  Thy  service  in  life.  Make  us  all  truf,  faithful,  courageous  sol- 
diers of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ;  and,  under  the  leadership  of  the  great 
Captain  of  our  salvation,  help  us  ever  to  do  our  duty  on  the  side  of  right 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  211 

and  truth  and  justice,  in  love  to  our  fellowmen  and  love  to  Thee.  May 
the  'God  of  peace  who  brought  again  from  the  dead  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ, 
that  Shepherd  of  the  sheep  through  the  blood  of  the  everlasting  covenant, 
make  us  all  perfect  to  do  his  will,  working  in  us,  that  which  is  well  pleas- 
ing in  his  sight  through  Jesus  Christ,  to  whom  be  glory  forever  and  ever. 
Amen. 

(The  audience  joined  Rev.  J.  Thompson  Gibson,  D.  D.,  in  offering  this 
prayer.) 


ADDRESS  OF   PRIVATE  R.  P.  SCOTT. 

COMRADES  of  the  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania:— We  are  met  on  a 
great  battlefield  of  the  late  war,  on  ground  that  has  been  made  both 
historic  and  sacred  by  the  courage,  suffering  and  sacrifices  of  the 
brave,  loyal  men — living  and  dead — who  engaged  in  the  bloody  struggle, 
for  the  maintenance  of  constitutional  government,  the  establishment,  and 
preservation  of  unqualified  universal  human  freedom  and  liberty  within 
our  national  borders,  which  took  place  here  on  the  19th  and  20th  days  of 
September,  A.  D.  1863,  to  dedicate  this  monument,  erected  by  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Pennsylvania,  as  a  tribute  in  grateful  remembrance  and 
affectionate  regard  for  her  noble,  patriotic,  brave  sons  who  bared  their 
bosoms  to  the  storm  of  battle  and  defended  the  national  honor  on  this  line 
on  those  fateful  days. 

At  Kittanning,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  fading  purple  of  a  beautiful  Oc- 
tober afternoon,  1861,  surrounded  by  the  eternal  hills  of  the  picturesque 
Allegheny,  resplendent  in  the  crimson  and  golden  glory  of  autumnal 
foliage,  a  thousand  men  and  boys,  with  uncovered  heads  and  uplifted 
hands,  promising  to  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance  and  defend  her  against 
all  enemies,  were  mustered  into  the  military  service  of  the  United  States, 
for  three  years,  or  during  the  war. 

Having  received  uniforms,  arms  and  equipments,  the  regiment  moved 
on  the  14th  of  October,  1861,  to  Pittsburgh,  and  a  few  days  thereafter,  on 
North  Commons,  Allegheny  city,  in  the  presence  of  thousands  of  the  loyal 
men  and  women  and  amidst  the  shouts  and  applause  of  the  youth  and 
beauty  of  that  loyal  city,  received  its  colors  from  the  hands  of  Pennsyl- 
vania's grand  patriot  and  war  Governor,  A.  G.  Curtin,  and  was  by  him 
designated  and  christened  the  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania. 

On  the  18th  of  October,  1861,  the  regiment,  accompanied  by  the  Seventy- 
seventh  and  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  and  Muehler's  Battery,  all 
under  command  of  Brigadier  General  James  S.  Negley,  moved  by  river 
transportation  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  on  the  24th  the  regiment  was 
moved  by  rail  to  Camp  Nolin,  Kentucky,  on  the  line  of  the  Louisville  and 
Nashville  Railroad,  where  the  duties,  difficulties  and  sorrows,  as  well  as 
the  pleasures  and  joys  incident  to  a  soldier's  life,  fairly  begun,  and  after 
many  days  and  nights  of  sore  trial,  toil,  hardship  and  suffering  arrived  at 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  March  2,  1862. 


212  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

It  is  not  my  purpose,  indeed,  I  will  not  now  undertake  the  task  of  giving 
in  detail  the  movements  or  the  services  of  the  regiment.  Suffice  to  say, 
that  its  work  and  worth  is  part  of  the  nation's  history,  and  the  services 
rendered  the  government  by  it  at  Nashville,  Lavergne,  Hermitage  Ford, 
Stone  River,  (where,  among  others,  my  boyhood  friend,  playmate,  "my 
pard,"  Corporal  W.  J.  Moore,  gave  his  young  life  to  his  country),  Hoover's 
Gap,  Dug  Gap,  Chickamauga,  Chattanooga,  Lookout  Mountain,  Mission 
Ridge,  Tunnel  Hill,  Buzzard  Roost,  Resaca,  Dallas,  New  Hope  Church, 
June  1,  1864.  Kenesaw  Mountain,  dark  in  its  glory,  and  the  raid  to  Flor- 
ence, Alabama,  after  its  term  of  enlistment  had  expired,  together  with  the 
record  of  its  noble  dead  who  are  sweetly  sleeping  under  the  laurel  and  by 
the  rivers  of  the  south,  from  Louisville,  to  the  gates  of  Atlanta,  attest  its 
great  glory  and  your  manly  courage  and  unselfish  devotion.  Of  your 
journey  down  the  historic  Cumberland,  up  the  broad  Ohio  magnificent  in 
her  green  islands,  the  beautiful  towns  and  cities  which  nestle  on  her 
banks,  to  Pittsburgh  and  thence  to  Kittanning,  the  cradle  of  regimental 
birth,  the  muster  out,  and  the  return  to  the  loved  ones  at  home  there  to 
enjoy  the  honors  so  well  and  worthily  won,  I  shall  not  speak.  You  all  re- 
member it  better  than  I  can  repeat  it  here. 

Comrades,  more  than  a  third  of  a  century  has  passed  since  last  we 
stood  on  this  line.  Then  dark,  angry  clouds  hung  over  us.  This 
ground  was  convulsed  with  the  mad  rush  of  contending  armies 
and  the  terrible  shock  of  battle.  But  to-day  how  different;  all  is  changed; 
the  heavy  tread  of  hostile  armies  is  no  longer  heard  in  the  valleys,  the 
sound  of  war  has  ceased  to  reverberate  among  these  mountain  ranges, 
the  sword  has  been  sheathed,  and  all  nature  is  enjoying  the  sweet  repose 
of  this  holy  day.  Yes,  thank  God,  the  angel  of  peace  has  spread  her 
white  wings  over  our  blessed  land  and  we  now  know  but  one  flag — the 
stars  and  stripes — emblematic  of  the  unity  of  a  great  nation. 

Since  the  day  you  stood  here  in  the  full  flush,  strength  and  pride  of 
young  manhood,  touching  elbow  to  elbow,  waiting  with  bated  breath, 
beating  heart,  and  strong  steady  nerve  the  onslaught  of  the  enemy, 
many  of  our  comrades,  high  as  well  as  humble  in  rank,  have  lain  down 
and  fallen  into  that  dreamless  sleep  which  knows  no  waking  in  this  world, 
and  though  they  have  put  on  the  garb  of  immortality  and  returned  to  the 
dust,  their  faces  are  to  us  unchanged  and  may  it  not  be  possible  that  they 
are  with  us,  in  spirit,  to-day  and  know  what  we  do  and  say  here. 

Looking  into  your  faces  to-day,  perhaps  for  the  last  time  in  this  world, 
I  am  sensibly  reminded  that  time  is  slowly  but  surely  laying  his  hand 
heavily  upon  us  and  that  we  too  shall  soon  join  our  departed  comrades  in 
a  fairer  clime,  where  generous  fruits  on  trees  immortal  grow  near  the 
river,  shining  brighter  with  the  Christian's  hope. 

In  all  ages  and  in  all  times,  great  military  achievements  have  been  the 
glory  of  the  people,  and  all  nations,  whether  civilized  or  uncivilized,  have 
fondly  cherished  the  memory  of  the  patriot  dead  in  the  erection  of 
pyramids  and  tombs,  and  preserved  the  fame  of  great  chieftains  and  war- 
riors by  the  construction  of  monuments  and  triumphal  arches. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  213 

In  our  own  land  many  monuments  and  tombs  have  been  erected  to 
perpetuate  the  memory  and  preserve  the  fame  of  great  warriors  and 
statesmen  at  Arlington,  Gettysburg,  Nashville,  Murfreesboro,  Chat- 
tanooga, Atlanta,  Vicksburg.  Here  and  elsewhere,  a  grateful  republic  has 
erected  tombs  and  monuments  in  recognition  of  the  merit,  and  to  per- 
petuate the  memory,  courage,  bravery  and  skill  of  all  her  soldiers,  regard- 
less of  rank,  and  as  the  nation's  tribute  in  loving  remembrance  and  affec- 
tionate regard  for  those  who,  having  faithfully  and  heroically  performed 
their  duty,  made  their  sacrifices  and  gave  their  lives  that  this  nation 
might  not  perish  from  the  earth,  fill  the  patriots  graves  of  the  nation, 
which  graves,  with  grass  overgrown,  form  the  foot-stool  of  Liberty's 
throne  and  each  a  rock  in  the  temple  of  Right. 

Therefore,  my  comrades,  it  is  not  strange,  yea,  it  is  altogether  fitting 
and  proper  that  we,  the  survivors  of  the  old  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania, 
should  meet  here  to-day;  a  period  of  more  than  thirty-two  years  since 
the  last  gun  was  fired  in  that  long  and  bloody  conflict  which  brought 
more  sadness,  suffering  and  desolation  to  all  the  people  than  any  war  of 
which  modern  history  has  made  record,  to  dedicate,  not  as  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  or  fame  of  a  great  chieftain  or  warrior,  but  to  the  fame,  memory, 
patriotism"  and  gallantry  of  all  the  members — living  and  dead — of'the  old 
Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  who  served  their  country  in  its 
hour  of  peril,  1861-1865,  this  handsome  monument,  grand  in  propor- 
tion, magnificent  in  design,  and  artistic  in  workmanship,  and  yet  of  so 
little  intrinsic  value  when  compared  with  the  great  cost  in  blood  and 
treasure,  sacrifice,  misery  and  suffering  of  the  solid  foundation  upon 
which  it  rests. 

And  while  we  dedicate  this  beautiful  monument  as  a  tribute  to  the  fame 
and  memory,  greatness  and  worth  of  the  members  of  the  old  Seventy- 
eighth  Pennsylvania,  many  of  whom  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devo- 
tion to  their  country  and  its  free  institutions,  whose  sons  went  down  in 
blood  into  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death  on  the  picket  line  or  on  some 
one  of  the  fiercely  contested  battlefields  of  the  war,  or  died  from  disease 
or  wounds  or  from  cruelty  and  torture  inflicted  on  them  in  the  prison 
pens  of  the  south,  and  whose  honored  dust  is  now  entombed  beside  that 
of  their  kindred  in  our  own  sacred  cities  of  the  dead,  or  are  calmly,  peace- 
fully sleeping  in  nameless  graves  on  the  hillside,  on  the  plain,  by  the 
rivers  or  in  the  valleys  under  a  southern  sky  'neath  the  sod,  under  the 
dew,  waiting  the  judgment  day,  we  should  not  forget  that  it  stands,  not 
only  to  glorify  our  gallant  dead,  but  to  honor  our  heroic  living  as  well. 
Moreover,  it  will  stand  as  a  memorial,  to  honor  the  loyal  fathers 
and  Spartan  mothers  of  Pennsylvania  who  bade  their  sons,  in  God's 
name,  go  and  come  back  in  glory  or  come  not  again,  to  honor  the 
wives  who  wept  for  husbands  that  did  not  return,  to  honor  the 
children  whose  only  heritage  is  their  brave  heroic  father's  name 
and  as  an  imperishable  record  perpetuating  for  all  time  and  to  aH 
succeeding  generations  the  evidence  of  the  great  sacrifice  which  was 
made  here  for  the  elevation  of  humanity  and  the  preservation  of  the 


214  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Union  and  the  Constitution,  so  they  may  not  perish  from  the  hearts  and 
minds  of  men. 

This  monument,  erected  and  now  being  dedicated  as  a  tribute  of  loving 
affection  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  to  her  soldiers  of  the  old 
Seventy-eighth  Infantry,  who,  leaving  those  near  and  dear  to  them  and 
homes  of  comfort  and  happiness  to  uphold  and  defend  with  their  strong 
c,rms  the  honor  of  the  flag  upon  whose  azure  field  Heaven  hath  set  her 
stars  and  maintain  for  ever  the  union  of  the  states,  endured  sufferings, 
hardships  and  privations  in  the  camp,  on  the  battlefield  and  in  the  prison 
pens  of  the  south  with  a  cheerfulness  and  fortitude  worthy  of  the  highest 
admiration,  not  only  recalls  to  memory  afresh  their  sacrifices,  loyalty  and 
noble,  unselfish  devotion,  which  many  of  them  sealed  with  their  lives  that 
this  fair  land,  made  more  glorious  by  their  sacrifice  and  hallowed  mem- 
ory, might  have  a  name  the  greatest  among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  but 
reminds  us  that  they  gave  their  services  and  lives  on  the  field  of  honor  in 
defence  of  the  Constitution,  the  chart  of  liberty,  justice  and  humanity,  the 
doctrines  and  principles  of  which  are  so  dear  to  every  American  heart,  the 
superstructure  of  which  was  planted  on  these  solid  foundations  to  become 
the  guiding  star,  the  beacon  light  for  all  generations,  and  to  secure  which 
our  forefathers  shed  their  best  blood,  and  by  which  we  are  enabled  to 
teach  the  world  those  lessons  of  free  government  and  fraternal  peace 
that  give  a  national  character  strength  and  endurance. 

Therefore,  comrades  and  friends,  standing  within  the  shadow  of  this 
monument,  we  this  day  should  resolve  more  highly  to  value  and  more 
fully  to  appreciate  the  great  privileges  and  blessings  we,  as  American 
citizens,  enjoy;  we  should  consider  well  their  great  cosit  in  blood  and 
treasure  and  how  we  can  best  perpetuate  and  hand  them  down  not  only 
to  our  children  but  to  future  generations. 

These  ceremonies  here  to-day  will  not  prove  an  idle,  unfeeling  show,  if 
we  lay  to  heart  their  true  meaning  and  significance;  feel  a  deeper  love, 
and  have  a  more  sacred  reverence  for  the  Union  and  Constitution;  feel 
that  our  flag,  the  most  beautiful  and  glorious  of  all  flags,  which  you,  my 
comrades,  followed  in  many  long  and  weary  marches,  defended  in  many 
fiercely  contested  battles,  and  finally  carried  in  triumph  to  victory,  is  the 
symbol  of  all  that  we  are  as  a  nation,  that  it  means  that  all  distinctions 
fcunded  upon  race  or  blood  have  been  forever  expunged  from  our  statute 
books,  that  it  means  freedom  of  thought,  speech  and  action,  and  that 
every  man  shall  be  protected  in  his  person  and  estate,  both  on  land  and 
sea,  that  it  means  peace  and  good  order  and  that  the  laws  of  the  land 
shall  be  fearlessly,  faithfully  and  honestly  administered  and  executed 
everywhere  and,  finally,  that  it  is  the  emblem  of  the  nation's  greatness 
and  glory,  and  that  beneath  its  starry  folds  is  protection  and  safety  for 
the  humblest  citizen. 

Then,  my  comrades  and  friends,  with  feelings  of  deepest  gratitude, 
\\hich  are  the  noblest  impulses  of  the  human  heart,  we  make  this  offering, 
dedicate  this  monument  to  the  brave,  loyal  and  patriotic  men  who  served 
:heir  country  in  the  old  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  in  the  dark  days 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  215 

of  1861-1865,  and  consecrate  it  to  the  hallowed  memory  of  those  who  died 
in  defense  of  the  Union  and  Constitution,  and  who,  their  life's  work  done, 
lie  calmly,  sweetly  sleeping  in  their  silent  graves  waiting  and  watching 
with  the  Christian's  hope  for  the  dawn  of  resurrection  morn'  and  the 
coming  of  Him  who  hath  said,  "I  am  the  Resurrection  and  the  Life." 

And,  though  this  granite  may  crumble,  and  their  memories  be  forgotten 
of  men,  their  heroism,  their  noble  deeds,  the  great  work  which  they  did 
for  the  elevation  of  mankind,  the  glory  of  their  country  and  its  free  insti- 
tutions, will  shine  and  grow  brighter  and  brighter  as  the  ages  pass,  and 
their  names  will  stand  for  all  time  in  bold  relief,  in  letters  of  unchang- 
ing lustre,  upon  the  scroll  of  fame  in  the  long  roll  of  patriots  who  have 
died  in  defense  of  their  country. 


ADDRESS  OF  LJEUT.-COIv.  ARCHIBALD  BLAKELY. 

COMRADES:— I  regret  that  my  duties  as  president  of  the  State  Com- 
mission compelled  me  to  be  on  the  general  field  yesterday  and  thus 
prevented  my  attendance  at  your  re-union  in  our  old  camp  (Stark- 
weather) on  Lookout  Mountain. 

At  the  public  reception  in  Chattanooga  last  night,  Governor  Hastings 
authorized  me  to  announce  that  he,  with  his  staff,  would  be  with  us  to- 
day, at  this  regimental  dedication,  and  I  so  announced. 

To-day,  however,  the  Governor  is  sick  and  unable  to  come.  But  we 
have  with  us  several  members  of  the  legislative  committee  who  will  ad- 
dress you. 

This  is  Sunday  and  there  has  been  some  criticism  of  your  action  in  se- 
lecting Sunday  for  this  meeting  of  the  survivors  of  the  Seventy-eighth 
Regiment. 

I  think  the  objection  groundless. 

What  could  be  more  conducive  to  high,  holy  and  deeply  spiritual  con- 
secration of  ourselves  to  our  duties  to  Almighty  God,  man,  family 
country  and  home  than  this  meeting  on  this  day  and  at  this  place?  Our 
memories  run  back  in  hallowed  thoughts  to  Sunday  morning  of  September 
20,  1863,  when  we  stood  upon  this  ground,  the  central  point  in  one  of  the 
greatest  battles  of  our  civil  war.  Can  any  one  of  us  ever  forget  the  awe 
inspiring  stillness  that  held  us  spell  bound  from  dawn  to  the  first  gun 
that  awakened  the  opposing  armies  to  action? 

"There  was  silence  deep  as  death; 
And  the  boldest  held  his  breath." 

Can  any  of  us  fail  to  reflect  here  and  now  that  over  a  half  of  those 
who  stood  with  us  here  and  then,  have  passed  from  time  to  eternity? 

Can  any  of  us  turn  from  the  thought  that  we  too,  will  soon  tread  in 
their  paths  and  vanish  from  the  scenes  of  this  life? 


216  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

"When  I  remember  all 

The  friends  BO  linked  together, 
I've  seen  around  me  fall, 

Like  leaves  in  wintry  weather; 
I  feel  lik.3  one  who  treads  alone 

Some  banquet  hal!  deserted, 
\Vhcse  lights  are  fled,  whose  garlands  dead, 

And  all,   but  he,  departed." 

Comrade  Scott  has  eloquently  referred  to  the  possible  invisible  pres- 
ence of  the  spirits  of  our  departed  comrades. 

Methinks  I  see  Sirwell,  Bonnaffon,  Jordan,  Torbett,  Dave  Brinker  and 
hosts  of  others,  rank  and  file,  here  then,  now  dead,  but  we  see  them,  greet 
them  this  moment  as  of  the  living.  Aye,  and  who  of  us  dare  hide  the  un- 
bidden tears  which  fall  from  all  eyes  as  we  look  on  the  sweet  face  of  the 
great  hearted  and  great  souled,  Father  Christy,  now  too,  resting  in  the 
bosom  of  the  Great  Father  of  All.  This  day,  this  place,  this  service,  and 
these  memories,  are  more  to  me  and  to  you  than  the  eloquence  of  the 
preacher  or  stateliest  service  in  vaulted  church  or  towered  cathedral. 
And  how  blessed  we  are  to  have  with  us  in  this  presence,  Comrades  Gib- 
son and  Lusher,  now  giants  in  the  ministry  of  God's  Heavenly  mysteries, 
as  they  were  brave  and  strong  in  earthly  battle. 

The  members  of  the  Seventy-eighth  Regiment  were  men  of  muscle, 
brain,  brawn  and  heart.  That  you  hewed  your  way  through  battle  to  vic- 
tory is  now  cqmmon  history.  In  the  over  three  years  you  marched, 
camped  and  fought  in  the  States  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Alabama  and 
Georgia,  your  intelligence,  humanity,  and  gentlemanly  conduct,  com- 
manded the  respect  of  all  citizens  of  these  states  with  whom  you  became 
acquainted.  The  prayers  of  the  people,  black  and  white,  followed  you 
from  camp  to  camp  in  all  your  wanderings  for  the  help  you  unstintedly 
gave  to  a  helpless  and  impoverished  people.  If  any  survivor  or  descend- 
ant of  a  member  of  the  Seventy-eighth  will  start  in  at  Louisville  and  fol- 
low our  long  trail  through  all  these  states,  he  will  find  the  latch  string  out 
and  all  homes  open  for  his  entertainment. 

The  monument  to  the  Seventy-eighth  Regiment  should  have  been  on 
the  battlefield  of  Stone  River,  for  there  your  prowess,  at  an  opportune 
moment,  turned  the  tide  of  battle  and  won  the  victory. 

No  state  or  other  provision  being  made  for  the  erection  of  monuments 
there,  we  seized  the  opportunity  presented  for  the  erection  of  the  present 
one  now  being  dedicated.  Under  the  laws  and  regulations  of  the  Chicka- 
mauga-Chattanooga  National  Military  Park  inscriptions  on  monuments 
erected  here  are  limited  to  the  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  campaign  and 
battles. 

Therefore  we  have  said  nothing  in  inscription  not  authorized  by  the 
Jaw  under  which  we  have  our  existence. 

And  now,  my  comrades,  as  there  are  many  things  which  the  commander 
of  troops  must  know  and  which  especially  the  men  in  the  ranks  do  not 
know,  I  deem  it  due  to  you  and  to  history  that  I  should  state  fully  the 
part  you  took  in  the  great  transaction  on  these  fields  in  the  autumn  of 
1863. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  217 

After  the  close  of  our  Tullahoma  campaign  of  that  year,  we  rested  at 
Dechert,  Tennessee,  from  July  4,  to  August  16,  and  on  the  latter  date 
we  set  out  on  the  Chattanooga  campaign.  Crossing  the  spurs  of  the  Cum- 
berland Mountains  we  descended  into  Crow  Creek  Valley  and  resting 
a  few  days  at  Cave  Springs,  Alabama,  we  resumed  our  march  on  Sep- 
tember 1,  late  in  the  evening,  passing  through  Stevenson,  crossing  the 
Tennessee  river  on  pontoon  bridges  at  midnight,  thence  up  the  Tennessee 
Valley  to  near  Bridgeport.  Then  climbing  the  Raccoon  Mountain  you 
bivouacked  on  its  summit  in  the  evening  of  the  3d  at  the  side  of  a 
mountain  stream  running  through  a  deep  ravine  which  was  found  to  be 
impassable. 

Lieutenant  Brinker,  of  "C"  company,  with  a  requisite  force,  was  detailed 
to  bridge  the  ravine. 

Commencing  at  5  P.  M.,  within  ten  hours  a  bridge,  one  hundred  and 
sixty  feet  long  and  thirty-five  feet  high  at  the  highest  point,  was  com- 
pleted, over  which  Negley's  Division  and  others  of  the  Fourteenth  Army 
Corps  passed  in  safety. 

A  large  frame  sawmill  stood  at  the  bottom  of  and  about  the  center  of  the 
ravine.  Brinker  and  his  men  tore  off  its  roof  and  rafters  and  adopted  the 
frame  work  as  a  center  pier  and  the  tall  pine  trees  in  the  vicinity  were 
felled  and  used  for  sleepers  from  the  sides  to  the  center,  and  thus  the 
bridge  was  completed  in  the  few  hours  mentioned. 

For  this  work,  Lieutenant  Brinker  and  his  men  were  complimented  in 
general  orders. 

On  the  morning  of  the  4th  we  marched  from  the  top  of  the  Raccoon 
Mountains,  descending  their  eastern  slope  and  debouched  into  Lookout 
Valley  at  Brown's  Springs,  thence  up  the  valley  at  the  head  of  the  column 
to  a  mill  on  Lookout  Creek.  This  mill  was  filled  with  corn,  wheat  and 
rye. 

Under  orders,  we  halted  here.  I  placed  Captain  Marlin,  of  "A"  com- 
pany, in  charge  and  we  ground  out  all  the  grain  in  the  mill,  scoured  the 
valley  for  more,  gathered  and  ground  all  the  grain  we  could  find,  turning 
over  the  product  to  the  passing  army. 

We  left  the  flour  unbolted  as  the  soldiers  could  bake  it  better  than 
bolted  flour. 

We  sent  a  bag  of  the  unbolted  wheat  flour  to  General  Thomas  and  he 
often  spoke  of  it  afterwards,  saying  it  made  the  sweetest  and  best  bread 
he  had  ever  tasted. 

We  also  gathered  and  turned  over  all  the  cattle  we  could  find  fit  for 
beef.  We  were  careful,  however,  to  leave  with  each  family  enough  for 
their  support. 

When  the  army  had  passed  we  were  to  follow.  We  selected  the  best 
ground  we  could  find  for  camping,  but  the  best  was  low  and  damp.  When 
we  came  to  leave  we  had  sixteen  men  unable  to  march  and  we  had  no 
transportation  for  them.  I,  therefore,  detailed  Dr.  W.  S.  Hosack.  a 


218  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

private  in  "G"  company,  a  physician,  however,  of  known  ability,  to  re- 
main and  take  charge  of  our  sick  comrades,  erecting  tents  on  a  hillside, 
leaving  them  provisions  and  medicines. 

My  orders  to  march  were  of  a  nature  that  made  it  impossible  to  make 
other  provisions  for  our  sick.  Our  brigade  was  at  the  head  of  the  column 
eight  to  ten  miles  away.  News  came  that  Bragg  had  evacuated  Chat- 
tanooga and  was  retreating  towards  Atlanta  and  we  were  to  immediately 
cross  Lookout  Mountain  to  follow  him,  and  I  was  ordered  to  make  forced 
marches  past  the  column  to  reach  my  brigade  at  Johnson's  Crook  in  the 
Lookout  Range,  to  cross  with  it,  and  therefore  we  did  the  best  that  could 
have  been  done  for  the  sick.  The  misfortunes  of  war  which  immediately 
followed  gave  the  enemy  Lookout  Valley  and  Hosack  and  his  men  were 
captured.  Hosack  was  taken  to  Libby  Prison,  and  after  being  kept  there 
quite  a  while  was  exchanged  as  a  surgeon,  he  carrying  out  in  one  of  the 
back  buttons  of  his  coat  the  resignation  of  Major  Harry  White  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Senate.  Major  White  had  been  captured 
In  the  Shenandoah  Valley  and  taken  to  Libby  Prison,  Jn  Richmond,  Va., 
and  was  a  fellow  prisoner  with  Dr.  Hosack.  When  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature  met  the  absence  of  Major  White  enabled  the  anti-war  party 
in  the  Senate  to  tie  the  government  on  all  war  questions,  which  left  the 
State  powerless  to  help  on  the  great  cause  of  the  Union  for  which  we  were 
fighting.  The  Confederates  were  advised  of  this  and  refused  to  exchange 
White  or  allow  him  to  communicate  with  his  people.  When  Hosack  was 
to  leave  Major  White  wrote  his  resignation  on  tissue  paper  and,  cutting 
off  a  back  button  of  Hosack's  coat,  the  stuffing  was  taken  out  and  the 
resignation  paper  placed  in  it  and  the  button  sewed  on  again.  Dr. 
Hosack's  home  was  at  Dayton,  Pa.,  and  passing  through  Indiana, 
Pa.,  the  button  was  delivered  to  Major  White's  father,  the  Honorable 
Thomas  White,  who  delivered  it  to  Governor  Curtin,  who  then  declared 
a  vacancy  and  ordered  a  special  election.  Dr.  St.  Clair,  a  loyal  Union 
man,  was  elected,  sworn  in,  and  the  deadlock  in  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  great  State  of  Pennsylvania  was  broken.  How  ignorant  we  were 
of  the  important  results  that  followed  the  detail  of  Dr.  Hosack  to 
remain  and  care  for  our  sick  comrades  under  the  shadow  of  the  mounT 
tains  and  dark  forests  of  Dade  county,  Georgia,  in  the  early  days  of  Sep- 
tember, 1863! 

We  struck  out  for  our  brigade  and  reached  it  in  time  to  cross  the  moun- 
tain with  it  after  resting  over  night  in  Johnson's  Crook.  We  came 
down  the  eastern  slope  of  the  mountain  and  on  the  night  of  the  9th 
bivouacked  at  Stephens  Gap. 

On  the  morning  of  the  10th,  under  the  belief  that  the  enemy  was  in  full 
retreat,  Negley's  Division  moved  forward  on  the  road  leading  through 
Dug  Gap  in  the  Pigeon  Mountains  to  Lafayette,  Ga.  General  Negley, 
being  assured  that  there  was  no  enemy  in  the  way,  led  off  with  his 
staff  and  Colonel  Sirwell,  commanding  the  brigade,  followed  with  his 
staff.  We  came  next;  I  being  informed  that  no  skirmishers  were  needed. 

It  was  a  most  lovely  morning,  crisp  and  beautiful.  I  rode  out  with 
most  thankful  heart  that  Chattanooga  had  been  surrendered  to  us  with- 
out the  great  battle  we  all  expected. 


33 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  219 

When  we  struck  the  cedar  thickets  near  the  Chickamauga,  in  Dug  Gap, 
the  enemy's  pickets  opened  fire  on  us;  the  division  and  brigade  com- 
manders, "with  their  staffs  wheeled,  rushed  back  on  us  pell  mell,  yelling, 
"Into  line,  Colonel;  into  line!"  The  road  was  narrow,  dense  cedars  with 
their  sharp,  dead,  under  limbs  on  either  side,  the  ground  rough  and 
rocky.  We  were,  of  course,  marching  by  the  flank,  and  to  give  room  to 
form  I  gave  the  command,  "Into  line,  double  quick  on  rear  company." 
Bullets  were  flying  through  the  cedars  thick  as  flies  and  dropping  all 
around  us.  All  the  company  commanders  repeated  correctly  my  order 
for  formation,  except  Lieutenant  Black,  the  commander  of  company  "I," 
who  gave  the  order  for  the  direct  formation  on  the  first  company. 
This  knocked  the  regiment  into  pie  for  the  moment,  and  we  had  some 
difficulty  in  forming  the  line  as  promptly  as  desired.  Lieutenant  Black 
was  an  intelligent  and  faithful  officer,  but  was  confused  by  the  sudden  call 
and  never  tired  apologizing  for  and  explaining  his  mistake. 

I  was  riding  an  active,  strong,  young  horse,  which  I  had  bought  from 
Captain  Cummins  when  he  resigned  at  Decherd,  and  in  the  confusion  I  felt 
the  horse  give  way  and  supposing  him  to  have  been  shot  I  sprang  from 
him,  giving  entire  attention  to  getting  the  regiment  into  line,  and  was 
astonished  to  find  myself  swearing  at  the  top  of  my  voice,  which  amazed 
me  as  I  deprecated  it  and  had  forbidden  swearing;  'but  I  shall  never  for- 
get the  quizzical  Look  of  Lieutenant  Mechling,  of  "B"  company,  who  called 
out,  "All  right,  Colonel,  but  you'd  a  never  got  'em  in  line  if  you  hadn't 
swore  'em  in."  The  difficulty  with  my  horse  was  this:  His  hind  feet  and 
legs  had  gone  down  in  a  crevice  of  the  earthrock.  We  got  him  out  but 
his  back  was  sprained  and  he  never  recovered  to  be  fit  for  use. 

We  then  moved  forward  on  the  left  of  the  road,  crossing  the  Chicka- 
mauga to  the  left  of  the  stone  fences,  then  through  a  large  field  of  corn 
into  a  dense  forest  and  emerged  into  the  open  fields  around  the  Widow 
Davis'  House,  and  through  these  fields  to  the  top  of  a  high  knob  east  of 
her  house,  dislodging  and  driving  the  enemy's  pickets  as  we  advanced. 
The  view  from  this  knob  satisfied  us  all  that  Bragg  was  not  re- 
treating, but  had  turned  upon  us  to  destroy  us  piece-meal  as  we  came 
down  from  the  mountain;  and  more,  that  our  division  was  surrounded  by 
an  overwhelming  force  of  the  enemy  and  no  troops  in  the  valley  to  help 
us. 

We  were  soon  retired  from  the  knob,  taken  back  and  posted  in  the 
woods  adjoining  and  west  of  the  road  running  north  from  the  Widow 
Davis'  House.  At  dark  we  were  again  moved  northwestwardly  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  and  assigned  a  position  in  the  woods,  our  front  to  the 
north. 

At  midnight  we  were  moved  an  eighth  of  a  mile  southwestwardly  and 
posted  in  a  dense  undergrowth,  with  front  to  the  north.  This  movement 
of  our  regiment,  as  well  as  the  movement  of  the  whole  brigade  made  at 
that  time,  was  so  quietly  done  that  our  own  pickets  did  not  know  of  It 
until  next  morning. 

Early  in  the  forenoon  of  the  llth  a  vigorous  attack  was  made  on  that 
part  of  our  division  fronting  east,  the  enemy  occupying  the  hills  we  had 
15 


220  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

held  for  awhile  the  day  before.  This  attack  on  the  east  line  was,  I  believe, 
made  to  cover  an  attack  on  our  front  later  in  the  day.  A  force,  consist- 
ing of  at  least  four  regiments,  with  a  skirmish  line  followed  by  a  line 
of  sharpshooters  covering  infantry  troops,  massed  and  deployed,  at- 
tacked our  picket  line  with  great  energy.  We  had  on  that  line  eight  non- 
commissioned officers  and  sixty  men  under  Lieutenant  Brinker  of  "C" 
company,  and  Lieutenant  Anchors  of  "E"  company,  all  under  command 
of  Major  A.  B.  Bcnnaffon. 

The  enemy  advanced  in  some  instances  to  within  thirty  paces  of  our 
line,  but  our  position  had  been  carefully  selected  and  was  firmly  main- 
tained for  four  hours,  with  the  loss  of  but  two  men  killed  and  two 
wounded. 

The  Eleventh  Michigan  Infantry  had  a  line  on  our  left,  and  the  Seventy- 
fourth  Ohio  one  on  our  right,  with  both  of  which  we  connected  at  first,  but 
at  12.30  P.  M.,  they  were  withdrawn  without  notice  and  at  1.30  P.  M.,  our 
fianks  were  swung  back  to  better  positions  which  was  the  only  change  in 
our  position  from  first  to  last.  At  2  P.  M.,  troops  under  General  Stark- 
weather arrived  and  relieved  us  and  I  was  ordered  to  fall  back  to  General 
Negley's  headquarters  at  the  creek  crossing. 

Major  Bonnaffon,  Lieutenants  Brinker  and  Anchors  with  the  men  under 
their  command,  deserve  especial  honorable  mention  for  their  work  of 
that  day,  which  I  also  said  in  my  official  report. 

From  General  Negley's  headquarters,  we  recrossed  the  creek  at  the 
same  place  we  had  crossed  it  the  day  before.  We  then  deployed  and 
moved  through  a  large  field  of  corn,  but  meeting  no  enemy  we  were 
withdrawn  and  supported  Captain  Schultz'  Battery  in  action  on  a  hill 
on  the  north  of  the  road  and  west  of  the  creek  and  house  known  as  the 
White  House.  After  some  time  we  retreated  with  the  division  to  the 
foot  of  Lookout  Mountain,  under  fire,  the  enemy  pressing  us  closely. 
We  reached  the  mountain  about  dark. 

The  extrication  of  our  division  from  the  environment  of  Dug  Gap  by 
General  Negley  was  to  my  mind  the  most  masterly  piece  of  generalship 
I  saw  during  the  war. 

We  lay  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  behind  rudely  constructed  breast 
works  until  the  morning  of  the  17th,  when  the  march  was  resumed  in  a 
northeasterly  direction,  and  at  evening  halted  on  ground  partly  occupied 
by  troops  of  General  Crittenden,  where  we  rested  until  the  evening  of  the 
18th  and  then  marched  two  miles  eastwardly  through  a  wilderness  of 
standing  trees,  fallen  trees,  thick  underbrush  and  hideous  rocks  until 
after  dark.  We  then  halted  and  lay  there  for  a  short  time,  when  Major 
Lowrle,  division  adjutant,  with  a  staff  officer,  whom  I  understood  to  be 
from  General  Thomas,  arrived.  This  staff  officer  said  that  a  special  and 
precarious  movement  had  been  assigned  to  me.  With  Major  Lowrie  we 
stepped  aside,  and  he  pointed  out  a  star,  which  he  said  was  about  due 
west.  When  he  was  satisfied  that  he  and  I  were  looking  at  the  same 
star,  he  said  that  the  order  was  that  I  should  move  my  regiment  in  the 
direction  of  that  star  a  certain  distance,  I  cannot  now  recall  the  dis- 
tance, but  it  was  less  than  two  miles  but  over  a  mile  and  a  half.  He 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  221 

further  stated  that  the  star  was  supposed  to  be  due  west  and  my  course 
was  to  veer  south  of  west  somewhat;  that  in  that  movement  I  would  meet 
no  enemy,  but  when  I  had  covered  the  first  distance  I  was  to  halt  and 
face  south  as  near  as  I  could  and  then  to  look  out  for  the  enemy;  that  in 
the  movement  south  I  should  advance  with  a  full  skirmish  line  and  pro- 
ceed until  we  struck  the  Chickamauga;  that  there  was  one  or  two  ford- 
ings  on  the  Chickamauga,  and  if  we  did  not  strike  them  at  first  we 
should  send  out  reconnoitering  parties  until  they  were  found.  He 
stated  further  that  General  McCook,  with  the  Twentieth  Corps,  would 
be  on  the  march  all  night,  coming  down  from  McLemore's  Cove  on  the 
road  along  the  northwestern  side  of  the  Chickamauga  to  the  expected 
battle  of  the  next  day,  and  that  a  large  body  of  rebel  troops  were  also 
moving  to  the  expected  battle  on  the  road  running  along  the  southeastern 
side  of  the  Chickamauga;  that  it  was  feared  that  the  rebels,  with  their 
superior  knowledge  of  the  country,  would  undertake  to  cross  at  one  or 
both  of  these  fordings  and  strike  McCook's  flank  to  keep  him  from  the 
contest  that  was  clearly  coming.  It  was  further  ordered  that  there  was 
to  be  no  surrender  and  no  retreat  of  my  command;  that  the  ford  should 
be  held  and  McCook  protected  if  it  cost  the  life  of  every  man  in  the 
command. 

I  called  Major  Bonnaffon  and  Adjutant  Torbett  and  communicated  the 
order  to  them.  We  selected  a  well  known  marcher  from  "C"  company,  I 
think.  I  took  the  direction  a  little  south  of  the  star,  the  marcher  called 
off  his  steps,  Torbett  kept  count  and  Bonnaffon  took  charge  of  the  regi- 
ment. When  we  had  made  our  first  distance,  we  halted,  faced  south,  de- 
ployed eight  companies  with  two  in  reserve  and  marched  south  at  least 
a  mile  and  struck  the  Chickamauga  and  one  of  the  fordings.  We  soon 
found  the  other,  but  the  approaches  to  it  were  such  that  it  was  not  deemed 
important.  We  made  a  proper  disposition  of  our  force,  and  all  were 
ordered  to  be  quiet  and  await  results.  We  reached  the  Chickamauga 
at  or  near  midnight,  and  soon  heard  the  tramp  of  the  southern  troops 
on  their  march  to  the  battle.  Later,  we  heard  the  tramp  and  rumble 
of  McCook's  Corps,  his  road  being  perhaps  a  mile  from  the  Chicka- 
mauga, while  the  road  on  which  the  rebels  were  marching  was  quite 
close  to  the  stream. 

I  shall  never  forget  that  night  and  the  meditations  the  conditions  pro- 
duced. We  were  in  the  solitude  of  a  wilderness,  and  in  absolute  darkness, 
a  thousand  miles  away  from  our  northern  homes  where  loved  ones 
thought  of  us  and  prayed  for  us. 

The  rebel  force  was  evidently  so  strong  that  had  it  resolved  to  carry  the 
ford  we  would  have  been  swept  out  of  existence.  McCook's  men  would 
not  have  understood  the  fight,  and  being  a  mile  away  could  not  have 
reached  us  in  time  to  help  us.  Thus  the  sleepless  moments  passed  away, 
listening  to  the  solemn  and  ominous  sounds  of  the  opposing  columns 
hastening  to  the  carnival  of  death  that  followed.  Morning  came  and  all 
was  safe  so  far.  I  then  placed  an  officer  on  McCook's  line  of  march  to 
call  on  his  troops  for  help,  if  firing  was  heard  at  the  fording.  We  also 
felled  trees  to  blockade  the  fording  at  both  sides  and  sent  Captain  Ayres 


222  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

on  a  reconnolsance  across  the  stream,  who  reported  that  the  last  rebel 
column  had  passed  soon  after  daylight. 

My  order  was  that  when  General  McCook's  Corps  had  passed  I  was  to 
follow  him,  rejoining  my  brigade  wherever  found.  I  should  say  here  that 
when  I  received  the  order  to  go  to  the  fordings  I  asked  why  the  order  did 
not  come  from  Colonel  Sirwell,  my  brigade  commander,  to  which  Major 
Lowrie  replied  that  Colonel  Sirwell  had  been  apprised  of  the  order. 
The  last  of  General  McCook's  column  passed  near  noon,  and  I  followed 
it  and  passed  it  in  action  between  Crawfish  Springs  and  the  Widow  Glenn 
house. 

General  Jeff.  C.  Davis'  Division  was  engaged  in  a  sanguinary  conflict 
in  a  dense  woods  between  Crawfish  Springs  and  the  Widow  Glenn  House. 
Our  line  of  march  being  near  the  edge  of  these  woods,  we  were  marching 
by  the  flank  and  really  under  fire.  The  proximity  of  the  fight,  the  roar 
of  battle,  the  presence  of  the  wounded  in  all  their  bleeding  and  mangled 
forms,  I  feared  would  make  even  the  heroes  of  Stone  River  quail. 
Some  were  cheerful,  others  quiet  and  meditative,  but  determination  was 
on  the  brow  of  each  and  all.  This,  with  their  eager  and  buoyant  step, 
satisfied  me  that  the  Seventy- eighth  would  do  its  duty.  We  found  the 
brigade  on  a  ridge  or  hill  north  of  the  Widow  Glenn  House.  This  ridge 
was  then  covered  with  trees.  Colonel  Sirwell,  commanding  the  brigade, 
and  General  Negley,  commanding  the  division,  were  both  there.  East  of 
this  ridge  there  was  a  large  field  or  fields  of  perhaps  twenty-five  acres,  in 
which  was  the  ruins  of  an  old  tannery.  This  field  is  now  known  as  the 
Dyer  -field.  East  of  the  Dyer  field  was  a  trac£  of  forest,  perhaps  thirty 
acres.  This  forest  is  the  one  in  which  we  now  stand  and  known  as  the 
Brotherton  woods.  During  the  18th  and  the  forenoon  of  the  19th,  our 
forces  held  these  woods  but  had  been  driven  out.  The  purpose  now  was 
to  retake  them.  It  was  near  3  P.  M.  and  you  were  all  tired  and  hungry. 
As  soon  as  we  arrived  at  the  ridge,  Colonel  Sirwell  and  General  Negley 
standing  together,  Colonel  Sirwell  stated  that  he  had  sent  the  Twenty- 
first  Ohio  across  the  field  into  the  edge  of  the  woods,  that  it  was  having 
a  hand  to  hand  fight  and  he  feared  it  would  be  driven  back,  and  he  wanted 
me  to  cross  the  field  at  once  and  help  the  Twenty-first  Ohio  as  best  we 
could.  Bullets  and  shot  and  shell  were  coming  out  of  the  woods  covering 
the  Dyer  field  as  well  as  the  place  where  we  stood.  Seeing  that  we  would 
have  to  go  I  asked  how  I  should  make  the  charge.  General  Negley  said 
one  way  and  Colonel  Sirwell  said  another  way.  One  said  by  right  of  com- 
panies, the  other  said  in  company  column.  I  immediately  cut  the  gordian 
knot.  We  had  arrived  by  the  flank  and  halted  in  that  form,  the  men 
lying  and  sitting  down  to  rest.  I  mounted  my  horse  and  commanded 
"Attention,  countermarch,  march,  front,  forward,  en  echelon,  double 
quick,  march."  I  doubt  if  any  troops  In  any  country  in  any  age  ever 
marched  better  or  quicker  to  the  call  than  you  did.  When  we  had  passed 
down  the  steepest  part  of  the  Dyer  field,  the  enemy's  shots  were  so  high 
we  were  in  but  little  danger,  when  the  pace  was  slackened  and  we  struck 
the  woods,  company  by  company,  In  splendid  order. 

The  Twenty-first  Ohio  was  in  line  firing.  The  responsive  fire  came  out 
of  and  through  the  unG^brush,  but  we  could  not  see  the  enemy.  The 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  223 

Twenty-first  was  losing  men  rapidly.  We  laid  down  flat  on  the  ground 
with  guns  charged  and  bayonets  fixed,  ready  for  anything  that  might 
come.  We  laid  there  until  dark.  You  will  well  remember  how  close  the 
shots  were.  They  cut  off  the  little  hazel  bushes.  Sergeant  Smith,  of  H 
company,  was  lying  on  his  face  looking  forward  and  a  ball  passed  clear 
through  his  tent  then  in  a  roll  on  his  back.  Lieutenant  Prank  Mechling 
laid  down  behind  a  low  rotten  stump  with  his  head  against  it  and  a  rebel 
bullet  chucked  right  into  the  stump,  when  Mechling,  with  a  courage  and 
recklessness  that  never  failed  him,  got  up,  took  out  his  pen  knife  and  dug 
the  ball  out  of  the  rotten  stump  and  held  it  up  laughing  and  saying,  in  his 
peculiar  way,  what  would  have  happened  if  the  ball  had  gone  into  his 
bald  head  instead  of  the  stump.  I  laid  down  in  my  place  back  of  the 
regiment  with  my  hands  under  my  head  to  enable  me  to  watch  the 
front  and  threw  my  right  leg  and  foot  across  on  my  left  leg  and 
ankle.  One  of  the  rebel  balls  struck  the  sole  of  the  right  boot  at  the 
toe  which  changed  its  direction  and  it  zipped  right  over  my  head. 
I  mention  these  because  they  came  under  my  observation.  All  will 
recollect,  however,  the  many  close  calls  we  had  that  evening,  but  I 
think  none  were  hurt. 

By  evening,  Colonel  Sirwell  had  his  whole  brigade  over  and  after  dark 
we  pressed  our  line  forward  to  where  this  monument  now  stands  and 
here  we  remained,  strong,  undaunted  and  ready  for  the  fray,  Vhen  at  9.30 
A.  M.  of  the  20th  our  whole  division  was  ordered  out  of  line  to  another  part 
of  the  field.  From  what  I  have  since  learned  I  suppose  our  destination 
was  to  help  Thomas  in  4iis  struggle  on  the  left.  We  never  got  there. 
How  the  division,  and,  to  some  extent,  the  brigade  were  broken, 
I  do  not  know.  One  thing,  however,  is  historically  ascertained  and 
stated,  and  that  is,  the  troops  of  Sirwell's  brigade  were  the  first  to 
reach  Snodgrass  Hill  and  the  last  to  leave.  You,  my  comrades,  were 
the  first  there,  where  for  two  hours  you  defended  a  battery  firing 
over  us  from  the  Snodgrass  House,  and  the  Twenty-first  Ohio  was  prac- 
tically torn  to  pieces  on  the  hill  after  the  general  fight  was  ended,  the 
Twenty-first  declining  to  leave  the  field  without  orders  from  General 
Brannan,  under  whom  it  had  been  temporarily  placed. 

I  have  always  regretted  the  fortune  of  war  that  took  Negley  out  of 
line  here  where  we  now  stand.  Wood,  who  was  in  reserve, 
should  have  been  sent  to  Thomas  instead  of  Negley,  and  I  have 
sincerely  regretted  the  fortune  that  took  us  away  from  Snodgrass  Hill. 
We  were  strong  and  in  splendid  condition  and  exactly  where  we  were 
afterwards  needed.  True,  many  of  us  would  have  fallen  had  we  re- 
mained at  either  place,  but  we  were  here  to  fight  and  if  need  be  to  die, 
and  we  ought  to  have  had  a  chance.  I  need  not  recount  the  fiery  road  we 
had  to  travel  from  our  position  here  to  Snodgrass  Hill.  You  will  re- 
member how  the  rebel  artillery  got  our  range  and  played  on  us  as  we 
passed  along-  the  high  ridge  to  the  Snodgrass  Hill.  A  solid  shot  passed 
over  the  mane  of  my  horse  in  front  of  the  pommel  of  the  saddle.  I  dis- 
mounted and  passed  the  horse  to  an  orderly.  Soon,  I  partly  fell  forward 
cr  felt  that  something  had  pushed  me  forward  and  looking  back  T  noticed 


224  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

the  front  division  had  momentarily  stopped.  My  sensation  of  falling  for- 
ward and  the  sensation  of  the  men  was  produced  by  the  concussion  of  a 
cannon  ball  passing  between  us. 

It  is  unnecessary  for  me  to  follow  our  various  formations,  movements 
and  positions  on  the  hills  after  leaving  our  line  here.  In  the  last  brigade 
line  we  had  the  center,  the  Twenty-first  Ohio  on  our  right,  and, the  Thirty- 
seventh  Indiana  on  our  left.  We,  that  is  the  Seventy-eighth,  were  or- 
dered forward  and  placed  in  front  of  Bridge's  Battery  to  defend  it,  the 
battery  having  just  commenced  firing  from  a  position  in  front  of  the 
Snodgrass  house.  After  firing  quite  a  while  the  battery  moved  off  to  the 
rear  without  indicating  to  me  what  its  orders  were.  Soon  after  the  bat- 
tery left  there  was  a  lull  in  the  fight  in  our  immediate  neighborhood,  the 
firing  on  the  left  was  heavy,  on  the  right  irregular  and  passing  to  our 
rear.  Our  position  wa&  advanced  and  we  did  not  connect  with  any  one. 
Placing  Major  Bonnaffon  in  command,  I  rode  back  to  the  place  of  our  last 
brigade  formation  and  all  were  gone  and,  so  far  as  I  could  see,  Negley's 
whole  line  on  the  foot  hills  was  gone  and  the  right  all  broken  up.  Return- 
ing to  the  regiment  I  found  the  enemy  closing  in  on  it.  After  consultation 
with  Major  Bonnaffon,  we  concluded  to  move  back  in  the  effort  to  find 
our  division  and  brigade,  and  at  this  time  A.  L.  Weir,  an  orderly  on 
Colonel  Sirwell's  staff,  rode  down  from  the  rear  and  called  out,  "Colonel 
Blakeley,  Colonel  Sirwell  orders  to  retreat  by  the  right  of  regiment,"  but 
Weir  retreated  so  promptly  we  did  not  have  a  chance  to  ask  where  the 
brigade  was. 

Placing  Bonnaffon  in  charge  of  the  rear  skirmish  line,  we  moved  about 
due  west  or  south  of  west  from  the  Snodgrass  House.  In  about  eight 
hundred  to  one  thousand  paces  we  met  General  Negley  alone.  He  took 
us  to  the  foot  hills  looking  south  and  placed  us  between  two  of  them 
with  the  command  to  hold  the  chasm  between  them  at  all  hazards  as  it 
was  apprehended  the  enemy  might  attempt  to  break  through  it.  I  massed 
the  regiment  back  of  the  chasm  and  Major  Bonnaffon  threw  a  skirmish 
line  forward  over  the  hills,  but  immediately  called  me  to  the  front,  where 
we  saw  a  large  body  of  rebel  troops  advancing  about  in  our  direction,  but 
apparently  in  a  disorganized  condition. 

Bonnaffon  wanted  to  charge  on  them,  saying  we  could  drive  them  Into 
the  Chickamauga.  I  answered  we  might  easily  do  that,  but  we  would  be 
gobbled  up  in  turn.  I  rode  back  and  sat  on  my  horse  looking  on  you  men 
of  the  Seventy-eighth  with  a  sad,  sad  heart.  It  was  clear  that  our  brigade 
and  division  had  been  scattered.  From  the  time  I  was  placed  in  front  of 
Bridge's  Battery  I  had  not  seen  a  brigade  commander  or  officer  and  did 
not  see  one  thereafter  until  Colonel  Sirwell  arrived  on  the  Dry  Valley 
road  all  alone  at  dark.  I  had  not  seen  the  division  commander  or  any  of 
his  staff  from  the  time  we  left  the  line  in  the  Brotherton  woods  until  he 
ordered  us  to  the  defense  of  the  chasm  before  us. 

To  remain  where  we  were  was  to  invite  certain  destruction.  I  knew 
nothing  of  the  general  lines  or  conditions  of  the  contest.  Indeed  I  was 
seriously  considering  Bonnaffon's  proposed  charge  when  I  noticed  a 
horseman  on  the  hills  back  of  us  who  seemed  to  have  halted  and  looking 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  225 

at  us.  Finally  he  rode  down  slowly  and  I  recognized  him  as  one  of  Gen- 
eral Thomas'  staff.  He  exclaimed,  "My  God!  Colonel!  What  are  you  do- 
ing here?"  I  answered  I  was  here  by  command  of  Major  General  Negley 
to  defend  that  chasm  at  all  hazards,  to  which  he  replied  that  we  were 
utterly  out  of  line  and  out  of  reach  of  line;  that  General  Negley's  Di- 
vision was  all  gone  and  I  could  not  then  safely  get  to  Thomas,  as  the 
enemy  was  between  us.  He  gave  me  the  direction  to  McFarland's  Gap, 
where  I  would  strike  the  Dry  Valley  road  and  could  be  of  use  there  in 
protecting  the  trains  and  batteries  rushing  down  the  Dry  Valley  road. 

I  informed  Major  Bonnaffon  of  the  order  and  we  moved  across  the  hills 
to  the  Dry  Valley  road,  Major  Bonnaffon  following  with  the  skirmishers; 
but  we  were  not  molested,  and  the  rebel  force  we  saw  in  the  fields  did  not 
discover  us  as  our  position  was  in  the  woods.  After  we  had  marched 
perhaps  a  mile  through  the  woods  on  our  way  to  the  gap  we  found  Gen- 
eral Negley,  who  was  accompanied  by  an  orderly,  and  moved  with  us  to 
the  Dry  Valley  road. 

When  I  reached  the  valley  road,  I  found  it  and  the  valley  full  of  strag- 
glers, trains,  wagons,  and  batteries,  all  struggling  for  Chattanooga.  I 
divided  the  regiment  with  Major  Bonnaffon,  who  threw  his  part  in  the 
rear  of  the  straggling  column  to  prevent  attacks  from  the  enemy  and 
with  the  balance  of  the  regiment  I  moved  rapidly  to  a  point  near  Rossville 
and  forming  across  the  road  and  valley  passed  the  wounded  and  am- 
bulances to  Chattanooga,  but  halted  everything  else.  Captain  McCanna, 
of  "B"  company,  had  charge  of  the  gate  and  he  did  the  job  well.  By  dark 
we  had  "halted  and  partly  reformed  about  five  thousand  men  with  seven 
batteries  and  trains  with  ammunition,  forage,  rations  and  baggage. 

On  Monday,  the  Twenty-first,  we  occupied  six  different  positions  in  the 
movements  and  manoeuvres  on  Missionary  Ridge,  the  last  of  which  was 
on  and  across  the  ridge  on  the  left  of  our  brigade,  uniting  with  General 
Beatty's  right.  This  latter  position  was  assigned  me  at  12  M.  and  I  was 
placed  under  command  of  General  Beatty.  That  portion  of  the  ridge 
which  we  held  with  General  Beatty  was  covered  with  heavy  timber  and 
the  general  directed  a  reconnoisance  to  be  made  on  my  front.  This  duty 
was  assigned  to  Captain  Ayres,  who  went  a  mile  south  along  the  top  of 
the  ridge,  carefully  noting  the  topography  of  the  country,  location  of 
fields,  fences,  etc.  For  this,  as  well  as  the  reconnoisance  made  by  Captain 
Ayres  on  the  morning  of  the  19th,  he  deserves  great  credit  for  the 
valuable  information  obtained  and  the  discretion  and  ability  displayed 
in  obtaining  it. 

On  the  night  of  the  21st  we  fell  back  with  the  general  movement  of  the 
army  to  Chattanooga.  In  the  latter  part  of  this  movement  and  the  for- 
mation of  the  lines  for  the  defense  of  Chattanooga  on  the  22d,  you  were 
under  the  command  of  Major  Bonnaffon,  I  having,  for  the  time,  command 
of  the  brigade. 

During  the  movements  and  actions  just  described,  you  were  never  for 
an  instant  broken.  In  the  engagement  at  and  the  movements  and  re- 
treat from  Dug  Gap,  in  the  trying  scenes  and  complications  of  the  battle 
15 


226  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

of  Chickamauga,  and  especially  in  the  critical  work  you  had  in  hand  that 
afternoon  and  evening,  you  moved  calmly  and  with  the  marked  precision 
of  dress  parade.  From  Cave  Springs  to  Chattanooga,  but  one  man  to 
my  knowledge  left  the  ranks  without  leave. 

And  right  here  let  me  say  that  as  we  stood  here  in  line  of  battle  on  Sun- 
day morning  of  September  20,  1863,  our  surgeon  came  to  me  and  reported 
that  Sergeant  Smith,  of  H  company,  and  Corporal  Borland,  of  F  company, 
were  foot  sore  and  without  shoes  and  unable  for  duty.  I  had  these  non- 
commissioned officers  brought  before  me  and  on  investigation  was  satis- 
fied the  surgeon's  statement  was  correct  and  gave  them  permission  to 
go  to  the  rear.  Corporal  Borland  reminded  me  that  the  rules  and  orders 
required  a  written  permit  from  the  commander  of  the  regiment  to  protect 
the  soldier  from  arrest  by  the  provost  marshal.  I  had  neither  pencil  nor 
paper,  and  on  inquiry  could  get  none  near  me.  Our  pickets  were  then  ex- 
changing shots  and  a  general  engagement  expected  any  moment,  there- 
fore I  said  to  Smith  and  Borland,  "go,  and  I  will  protect  you."  Sergeant 
Smith  and  Corporal  Borland  reported  soon  after  we  reached  Chattanooga 
and  told  me  that  a  provost  marshal  had  overhauled  them  and  taken  their 
names,  company  and  regiment.  A  few  mornings  thereafter  you  were  in 
line  in  a  drenching  rain  to  move  in  force  to  the  picket  line.  I  was  mount- 
ed and  had  just  given  the  command  to  move  when  an  orderly  rode  up  and 
handed  me  an  order  to  send  Smith  and  Borland  in  arrest  to  the  provost 
marshal's  headquarters.  This,  of  course,  meant  that  they  would  be 
thrown  into  the  lousy  Chattanooga  jail  to  await  a  trial  by  court  mar- 
tial, and  I  refused  to  send  them,  saying  I  would  be  responsible  for  them 
and  would  call  and  explain  their  case  when  I  returned  from  picket  the 
next  morning.  We  had  been  on  the  picket  line,  with  Bragg's  army  right 
in  front  of  us,  about  two  hours  when  an  order  came  placing  me  in  arrest 
for  disobedience  of  orders  in  not  sending  to  headquarters  the  corporal 
bodies  of  Smith  nrd  Forl  r.d.  T  -xrlained  the  matter  to  Major  Bonnaffon, 
who  took  command,  and  I  went  to  quarters.  I  had  not  thought  of  them 
repeating  the  command  to  Major  Bonnaffon,  but  they  did  and  the  Major 
refused,  and  he  came  to  quarters  in  arrest  a  few  hours  later  than  I  did. 
We  were  court  martialed  and  fined  a  month's  pay,  but,  thank  God,  they 
never  got  Smith  and  Borland  and  I  was  well  pleased  with  the  result. 

You  will  so  well  remember  our  sufferings  in  Chattanooga  during  the  siege 
there  that  I  need  net  repeat  them.  That  we  were  permitted  to  see  the 
historic  charge  and  battle  of  Hooker's  troops  on  Lookout,  the  battle  above 
the  clouds,  and  that  superb  charge  by  the  troops  under  General  Thomas 
driving  the  enemy  from  his  stronghold  on  Missionary  Ridge,  thus  wrest- 
ing forever  the  stronghold  of  Chattanooga  from  the  enemy,  was  glory 
enough  for  the  lifetime  of  any  man.  We  set  out  to  take  Chattanooga; 
we  took  it  and  we  held  it. 

The  day  after  the  battle  on  Missionary  Ridge,  General  Starkweather's 
brigade,  in  which  we  were,  was  sent  on  a  reconnoisance  up  Lookout 
Mountain  and  south  along  the  mountain  a  distance  of  twenty-five  miles 
to  report  any  movement  of  the  enemy  on  the  mountain  or  in  sight  thereof. 
This  accomplished,  General  Starkweather  was  instructed  to  leave  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  227* 

Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  the  Twenty-first  Wisconsin,  the  remnants 
of  the  Fourth  Wiscoi.sin,  a  battery,  etc.,  all  under  command  of  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Archibald  Blakeley,  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  to  establish  a 
camp  on  the  mountain,  fortify,  picket  and  defend  it,  and  take  charge  of, 
list  and  inventory  all  public  and  private  property  found  on  the  mountain 
and  to  make  report.  This  was  considered  all  through  the  army  as  a 
marked  compliment  to  the  Seventy-eighth  Regiment  and  its  commander. 
All  property  was  inventoried,  cared  for  and  accounted  for  and  all  orders 
and  instructions  faithfully  executed. 

Your  pleasant  and  most  enjoyable  soldier  and  social  life  spent  upon 
Lookout  Mountain  from  December  1,  1863,  to  May  12,  1864,  was  due  to  the 
splendid  record  you  had  made  in  all  duties  to  which  you  had  been  called. 

And  knowing  as  we  do,  that — 

"All  that  tread  the  globe  are  but  a  handful  to  the  tribes 
That  slumber  in  its  bosom," 

we,  the  handful,  will  soon  slumber  with  the  tribes  and  our  work  pass 
to  judgment. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

B  companies  composing  the  Seventy-eighth  Regiment  rendezvoused 
at  Camp  Orr,  on  the  Allegheny  River,  immediately  above  the  town 
*-  of  Kittanning,  Armstrong  county.  They  were  recruited  under  the 
direction  of  William  Sirwell;  Companies  B,  F,  G,  I  and  K,  in  Armstrong 
county,  C  and  E  in  Clarion,  A  in  Indiana,  D  in  Indiana  and  Cambria,  and 
H  in  Butler.  Recruiting  commenced  on  the  14th  of  August,  1861.  By  the 
middle  of  September  the  companies  were  all  in  camp,  and  a  month  later 
were  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United  States.  Having  received 
clothing,  arms  and  accoutrements,  the  companies  moved  on  the  14th  of 
October  from  Camp  Orr,  to  Pittsburgh,  and  on  the  18th,  the  regiment  was 
organized  by  the  selection  of  the  following  field  officers:  William  Sirwell, 
of  Armstrong  county,  Colonel;  Archibald  Blakeley,  of  Butler  county, 
Lieutenant  Colonel;  Augustus  B.  Bonnaffon,  of  Allegheny  county,  Major. 
On  the  18th  of  October,  1861,  the  regiment,  accompanied  by  the  Seventy- 
seventh,  and  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania,  and  Muehler's  Battery,  all 
under  command  of  Brigadier  General  James  S.  Negley,  moved  by  trans- 
ports to  Louisville,  Kentucky.  On  the  24th,  the  brigade  was  transferred 
by  rail  to  Nolin's  Station,  on  the  line  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Rail- 
road, where  it  was  attached  to  A.  McDowell  McCook's  Division,  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland.  At  Camp  Nevin,  and  subsequently  at  Camp 
Negley,  on  the  south  side  of  Nolin  Creek,  the  regiment  was  thoroughly 
drilled.  The  Seventy-seventh  Regiment  was  here  transferred  to  Gen- 
eral Thomas  J.  Wood's  Brigade,  and  the  First  Wisconsin  and  the  Thirty- 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


228  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

eighth  Indiana  were  added  to  Negley's  Brigade.  The  mortality,  owing  to 
the  unhealthy  location  of  the  camp  and  the  excessive  wet  weather,  was 
very  great. 

About  the  middle  of  December,  the  brigade  moved  to  Bacon  Creek,  and 
thence  to  Munfordsville,  encamping  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Green 
River,  and  was  engaged  in  drill,  and  in  picketing  the  south  bank  of  the 
stream,  while  the  workmen  were  employed  in  rebuilding  the  railroad 
bridge.  On  the  14th  of  February,  1862,  the  spring  campaign  opened,  and 
McCook's  Division,  breaking  camp,  marched  northward  with  a  view  of 
taking  boats  at  West  Point,  on  the  Ohio,  and  joining  Grant  in  his  move- 
ment on  Fort  Donelson.  But  on  arriving  at  Upton  Station,  the  order  of 
advance  was  countermanded,  and  one  to  countermarch,  and  proceed  to 
Nashville,  was  received.  The  route  was  principally  along  the  railroad. 
At  Bowling  Green  a  halt  was  made  until  a  pontoon  bridge  could  be 
brought  up,  and  laid  across  Barren  River.  The  division  arrived  at  Edge- 
field,  opposite  Nashville,  on  the  2d  of  March,  and  on  the  7th  crossed  the 
Cumberland,  and  encamped  in  Camp  Andy  Johnson,  two  .miles  south  of 
the  city. 

When  Buell  moved  to  the  support  of  Grant,  at  Pittsburg  Landing,  he 
left  Negley's  Brigade  to  guard  the  line  of  communication  from  Nashville 
to  the  front.  The  Seventy-eighth  was  detailed  upon  the  railroad  from 
Nashville  to  Columbia,  with  headquarters  at  Franklin.  On  the  1st  of 
May,  the  regiment  rendezvoused  at  Columbia,  and  was  ordered  to  Pu- 
laski,  to  garrison  that  place.  On  the  12th,  General  Negley  passed  through 
Pulaski  on  an  expedition  against  rebel  cavalry,  in  which  the  Seventy- 
eighth  Joined.  After  severe  skirmishing  the  enemy  was  driven,  and 
finally  escaped  across  the  Tennessee  River,  at  Rodgersville,  Alabama. 
Returning,  the  Seventy-eighth  was  again  stationed  at  Pulaski,  and  sub- 
sequently was  ordered  to  return  to  Rodgersville,  where  it  was  engaged 
in  garrisoning  the  town,  and  in  guarding  the  passage  of  the  river,  at 
Lamb's  Ferry.  While  here  several  incursions  were  made  across  the  river, 
in  which  prisoners  and  rebel  property  were  captured  and  brought  off.  On 
the  18th  of  July,  the  regiment  was  relieved,  and  ordered  to  guard  the 
Tennessee  and  Alabama  Railroad,  from  Columbia  to  Elk  River.  Two 
weeks  later  the  scattered  detachments  were  hastily  called  in  to  Co- 
lumbia, and  the  march  northward  commenced,  the  Seventy-eighth  acting 
with  the  rear  guard  of  Buell's  Army  in  its  race  with  Bragg  for  Kentucky. 

On  its  arrival  at  Nashville,  it  was  assigned  to  Miller's  Brigade  of  Neg- 
ley's Division,  and  ordered  to  occupy  the  defences  of  the  city.  During 
the  absence  of  the  main  body  of  Buell's  Army,  in  its  movement  north, 
Nashville  was  practically  in  a  state  of  siege,  the  enemy  in  considerable 
force  hovering  about  it,  intent  upon  its  capture,  'and  watchful  at  all  points 
for  a  favorable  opportunity  to  strike.  The  garrison  was  frequently  at- 
tacked, and  sharp  fighting  ensued.  At  Lavergne,  on  the  7th  of  October, 
Generals  Palmer  and  Miller  attacked  Anderson's  Camp,  routing  the  rebel 
force,  and  capturing  some  men,  with  guns,  stores,  provisions,  and  tents, 
the  Seventy-eighth  performing  a  conspicuous  part,  bearing  off  two  com- 
missioned officers  of  the  Thirty-second  Alabama,  and  a  number  of 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  229 

privates.  It  was  also  engaged  at  Neely's  Bend,  White  Creek,  Charlottes- 
ville  and  Franklin  Pike,  in  minor  encounters,  which  for  the  most  part  re- 
sulted in  favor  of  the  Union  arms.  These  were  usually  brought  on  by  ag- 
gressive movements  of  our  forces  for  their  own  security,  or  by  sallies  into 
the  country  for  supplies  for  the  starving  garrison.  "While  besieged  in 
this  city,"  says  a  member  of  the  command,  "affairs  wore  a  gloomy  aspect. 
Shut  out  from  the  world,  with  no  news  for  months  from  the  army,  or  from 
home,  surrounded  by  a  vindictive  enemy,  resolutely  determined  to  capture 
the  Capitol  with  the  Executive  members  of  the  Government,  compelled  to 
fight  for  every  mouthful  of  food  we  ate,  the  condition  of  the  garrison  be- 
came every  day  more  critical.  Yet  no  one  was  discouraged,  and  all  were 
determined  to  stand  by  the  city,  with  full  faith  that  under  the  gallant 
Negley  and  Palmer,  it  would  be  successfully  held.  Our  expectations  were 
not  disappointed,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  26th  of  October,  we  saw  from 
our  fortifications  the  victorious  legions  of  Rosecrans  approaching  the 
city." 

The  regiment  remained  at  Nashville,  engaged  in  provost  guard  duty, 
until  the  12th  of  December,  when  with  the  army  it  moved  to  Camp  Ham- 
ilton, six  miles  south  of  the  city.  Here  Miller's  Brigade  was  assigned  to 
the  Eighth  Division,  commanded  by  General  Negley.  On  the  26th,  the 
army  entered  upon  an  offensive  campaign  and  came  up  with  the  rebel 
army,  under  Bragg,  at  Stone  River.  The  rebel  force  was  drawn  up  a  short 
distance  out  of  Murfreesboro,  in  a  lunar  shaped  line,  covering  all  the  ap- 
proaches to  the  town  from  the  north,  the  right  resting  across  Stone  River. 
Finding  that  Bragg  was  disposed  to  give  battle,  Rosecrans  pushed  for- 
ward his  columns,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  31st  had  his  forces  in  hand, 
ready  for  the  onset,  McCook,  with  the  divisions  of  Johnson,  Jeff.  C.  Davis, 
and  Sheridan  on  his  right,  reaching  out  to,  and  covering  the  Franklin 
Pike,  Thomas,  with  the  divisions  of  Negley  and  Rousseau,  in  the  centre, 
and  Crittenden,  with  Palmer,  Wood,  and  Van  Cleve  on  the  left,  resting 
on  the  river.  At  sunrise  Rosecrans  had  thought  to  cross  the  stream,  and 
strike  heavily  the  rebel  right,  but  at  that  hour  the  rebel  chieftain  attacked 
the  Union  right.  Trusting  that  McCook  could  hold  him  in  check,  and  not 
realizing  that  the  attack  was  a  determined  one,  and  in  concentrated  force, 
Rosecrans  was  still  intent,  upon  carrying  out  his  original  plan  of  battle. 
But  events  soon  convinced  him  that  the  attack  on  his  right  was  in 
earnest.  Bragg  had  massed  his  troops,  and  was  making  a  desperate 
assault.  Too  weak  to  withstand  the  shock,  Johnson,  Davis,  and  Sheri- 
dan were,  in  turn,  forced  to  give  way,  losing  largely  in  artillery.  Negley 
stood  next.  The  fighting  on  his  front  had  already  become  desperate. 
"Pushing  out,"  says  an  eye  witness,  "to  the  cedar  forest,  where  Neg- 
ley's  gallant  division  was  struggling  against  great  odds,  trusty  Sheridan 
was  met,  bringing  out  his  tried  division  in  superb  order.  Negley  was  still 
fighting,  desperately,  against  odds.  During  all  this  period  Negley's  two 
gallant  brigades,  under  valiant  old  Stanley,  and  brave  John  F.  Miller, 
were  holding  their  line  against  fearful  odds.  When  the  right  broke,  Neg- 
ley had  pushed  in  ahead  of  the  right  wing,  and  was  driving  the  enemy. 
The  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  Thirty-seventh  Indiana,  Twenty-first, 


230  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Seventy-fourth,  Eighteenth,  and  Sixty-ninth  Ohio,  the  famous  Nineteenth 
Illinois,  and  Eleventh  Michigan,  with  Knell's,  Marshall's,  Shultz's  and 
Bush's  Batteries,  sustained  one  of  the  fiercest  assaults  of  the  day,  and  the 
enemy  was  dreadfully  punished."*  At  nightfall  the  right  and  centre 
had  been  driven  back,  but  the  army  still  occupied  a  good  defensive  posi- 
tion. Bragg  sent  off  to  the  rebel  Capitol  glowing  bulletins  of  his  victory, 
supposing  that  Rosecrans  was  so  utterly  broken  that  he  would  take  to 
flight  under  cover  of  the  darkness.  In  the  morning,  however,  to  his 
astonishment,  he  found  Rosecrans  still  stubbornly  holding  his  ground, 
and  ready  for  battle.  It  was  New  Year's  Day,  1863,  and  neither  party 
seemed  disposed  to  strike.  Rosecrans,  still  intent  on  his  original  plan, 
threw  a  portion  of  his  troops  to  the  right  bank  of  the  river  for  the  pur- 
pose of  turning  the  enemy's  right,  and  reaching  Murfreesboro  in  his  rear. 
"Sharp  demonstrations  were  made  along  the  whole  line,  but  nothing  de- 
cisive was  attempted  until  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  when  the 
rebels  suddenly  burst  upon  Battery  Six  (late  Van  Cleve's),  in  small  divi- 
sions, on  the  other  side  of  Stone  River,  and  drove  it  pell-mell,  with  con- 
siderable loss,  to  this  side.  The  enemy,  as  usual,  had  massed  his  army, 
and  advanced  in  great  strength.  Negley's  Division,  supported  by  that  of 
Davis,  and  St.  Clair  Morton's  pioneer  battalion,  was  immediately  sent 
forward  to  retrieve  the  disaster.  A  sanguinary  conflict  ensued,  perhaps 
the  most  bitter  of  the  whole  battle.  Both  sides  massed  their  batteries, 
and  plied  them  with  desperate  energy.  The  infantry  of  either  side  dis- 
played great  valor;  but  Negley's  unconquerable  Eighth  Division  resolved 
to  win.  The  fury  of  the  conflict  now  threatened  mutual  annihilation,  but 
Stanley  and  Miller,  with  the  Nineteenth  Illinois,  Eighteenth,  Twenty-first 
and  Seventy-fourth  Ohio,  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  Eleventh  Michi- 
gan and  Thirty-seventh  Indiana  charged  simultaneously,  and  drove  the 
enemy  rapidly  before  them,  capturing  a  battery,  and  taking  the  flag  of 
the  Twenty-sixth  Tennessee,  the  color  sergeant  being  killed  with  a 
bayonet.  The  banner  is  the  trophy  of  the  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania. 
The  fire  of  our  batteries  exceeded  in  vigor  even  the  cannonading  of  Wed- 
nesday. At  about  sunset  the  whole  rebel  line  receded,  leaving  about  four 
hundred  prisoners  in  our  custody."*  The  Seventy-eighth  lost,  in  this  en- 
gagement, one  hundred  and  ninety  men  in  killed  and  wounded.  Captain 
William  S.  Jack  was  mortally  wounded,  and  Lieutenant  Matthew  J.  Hal- 
sted  among  the  killed. 

After  the  occupation  of  Murfreesboro,  which  occurred  on  the  5th,  the 
regiment  was  assigned  to  provost  guard  duty,  the  victorious  army  en- 
camping around  about  the  town.  The  army  was  here  organized  in  three 
corps,  the  Fourteenth  commanded  by  General  Thomas,  the  Twentieth  by 
General  McCook,  and  the  Twenty-first  by  General  Crittenden.  The  Sev- 
enty-eighth was  assigned  to  the  Third  Brigade,  Colonel  Miller,  Second  Di- 
vision, General  Negley,  Fourteenth  Corps.  On  the  20th  of  April,  the  regi- 
ment was  relieved  from  provost  guard  duty,  and  joining  the  brigade  set 
vigorously  at  work  preparing  for  an  active  campaign.  About  the  middle 

•Mcore's  Rebellion  Record,   Vol.  VI,   page  163,   Docs. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  231 

of  June,  Colonel  Miller  was  relieved  of  the  command  of  the  brigade  for 
other  duty,  and  Colonel  Sirwell  succeeded  him,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Archi- 
bald Blakeley  taking  command  of  the  regiment. 

On  the  24th  of  June,  the  summer  campaign  opened,  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  moving  upon  the  rebel  intrenched  position  at  Tullahoma. 
In  the  manoeuvres,  by  which  the  enemy  was  turned  out  of  his  strong- 
hold, and  forced  to  retreat  across  the  Cumberland  Mountains  and  the 
Tennessee  River,  the  regiment  participated,  but  without  serious  loss.  On 
the  8th  of  July,  the  regiment,  with  the  balance  of  the  corps,  went  into 
camp  at  Dechard,  where  the  troops  were  engaged  in  general  field  and 
camp  duty,  and  organizing  and  drilling  for  the  fall  campaign.  Bragg 
was  well  seated  in  his  chosen  position  at  Chattanooga,  protected  by  the 
mountain  fastnesses,  and  in  apparent  security  from  attack.  On  the  15th 
of  August,  Rosecrans  broke  camp,  and  set  forward  in  search  of  the  rebel 
army.  He  was  under  the  impression  that  the  rebel  leader  was  averse  to 
fighting,  and  only  intent  upon  covering  Rome  and  Atlanta.  That  he 
might  cut  off  Bragg's  way  of  retreat,  and  bring  him  to  bay,  he  resolved 
to  cross  the  Tennessee,  and  strike  boldly  out  over  the  mountains  to  La- 
fayette. Following,  for  the  most  part,  the  line  of  the  Nashville  and  Chat- 
tanooga Railroad,  the  regiment  moved  with  the  army,  crossed  the  Ten- 
nessee River,  on  the  night  of  the  1st  of  September,  at  Stevenson,  Alabama, 
passed  up  the  south  side  of  the  river  to  a  point  opposite  Bridgeport,  and 
thence  across  Sand  Mountain  range,  where  were  encountered  almost 
insurmountable  difficulties  in  making  the  transit,  the  men  tugging  at  the 
guns  when  the  strength  of  the  beasts  failed.  In  passing  to  the  eastern 
slope  the  column  encountered  an  impassable  gorge,  a  hundred  feet  wide 
and  fifty  deep.  Company  C,  of  the  Seventy-eighth,  under  command  of 
Lieutenant  Brinker,  was  ordered  forward  to  bridge  it,  and  by  morning 
had  the  work  completed,  over  which  the  whole  army  passed.  Descending 
into  Lookout  Valley,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  take  possession  of  a 
mill  on  the  way,  and  while  a  portion  of  the  command  was  riding  hither 
and  thither  in  the  valley,  gathering  in  grain,  the  remainder  was  grind- 
ing and  delivering  it  to  the  passing  army.  With  Thomas'  Corps  it  took 
the  van,  and  pushed  on  over  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge 
into  McLemore's  Cove,  in  the  valley  of  the  Chickamauga,  Negley's  Divi- 
sion moving  rapidly  out  towards  Lafayette.  At  Dug  Gap,  in  Pigeon 
Mountain,  the  range  which  shuts  in  the  Chickamauga  Valley  on  the  east 
and  separates  it  from  the  valley  of  the  Pea  Vine,  the  enemy  was  unexpect- 
edly met,  and  the  division  soon  found  itself  confronted  by  an  overpower- 
ing force.  The  dispositions  were  quickly  made  to  check  his  advance.  A 
detachment  of  the  Seventy-eighth,  of  less  than  a  hundred  men,  held,  for 
over  two  hours,  a  massed  force  of  the  enemy,  successfully  baffling  every 
attempt  to  advance.  Baird's  Division  finally  came  up,  and  enabled  it  to 
withdraw  in  safety.  During  the  night  of  September  11,  the  two  divisions 
retreated  to  the  base  of  Lookout  Mountain.  The  loss  here  was  four, 
killed  and  wounded. 


232  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

It  was  now  apparent  to  Rosecrans,  that  Bragg,  instead  of  being  intent 
upon  retreating,  was  determined  to  fight,  and  the  unwelcome  intelligence 
was  borne  to  him  that  his  adversary  had  been  reinforced  by  Walker,  from 
Mississippi,  Buckner,  from  East  Tennessee,  and  a  powerful  veteran  corps 
under  Longstreet  from  the  Army  of  Virginia.  Quickly  summoning  in  his 
scattered  forces,  he  prepared  for  the  worst.  The  chief  danger  now  was 
that  Bragg  would  interpose,  and  cut  off  the  way  to  Chattanooga.  The 
general  movement  was  accordingly  to  the  left,  while  a  bold  front  was  kept 
towards  the  Chickamauga.  Until  the  morning  of  the  17th,  the  regiment 
remained  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  when  the  corps  of  McCook  having 
crossed  the  Lookout  and  MissionaryRange.it  moved  up  towards  Rossville 
some  six  miles,  and  on  the  18th  was  deployed  along  the  Chickamauga 
River,  to  prevent  the  crossing  of  the  enemy  to  intercept  the  movement 
of  McCook  to  connect  with  Thomas.  The  night  was  fearfully  cold,  and 
the  movements  were  made  in  the  darkness,  through  an  almost  impen- 
etrable jungle.  Heavy  firing  on  the  morning  of  the  19th,  far  to  the  left, 
showed  that  the  enemy  had  crossed  the  stream  in  force,  and  was  strug- 
gling with  Thomas  for  the  possession  of  the  Rossville  road.  In  the  after- 
noon the  regiment  was  withdrawn,  and  passing  Crawfish  Spring,  and  in 
rear  of  General  Jeff.  C.  Davis'  Division,  which  was  hotly  engaged,  was 
pushed  to  the  front,  and,  after  a  sharp  skirmish,  held  the  ground  until 
dark.  The  men  lay  upon  their  arms  on  the  field  where  they  had  fought, 
and  early  on  the  morning  of  the  20th  the  fight  was  renewed.  Through  the 
entire  day  the  battle  raged  with  unceasing  violence,  the  combatants  mani- 
festing a  desperation  rarely  paralleled.  The  right  of  the  Union  line  was 
broken  and  driven  in  confusion.  But  the  left,  where  Thomas  stood, 
though  forced  back  from  its  original  position,  remained  firm.  The  divi- 
sion fell  back  to  a  position  assigned  to  it  at  Rossville  Gap,  where  it  re- 
mained until  the  night  of  the  21st,  when  the  whole  army  retired  to  Chat- 
tanooga. On  the  following  morning  a  battle  line  was  formed  in  front 
of  the  town,  and  the  day  was  spent  in  momentary  expectation  of  an  at- 
tack. For  several  days  succeeding  the  men  worked  day  and  night  on  the 
fortifications.  The  enemy  contented  himself  with  closely  investing  the 
town. 

On  the  10th  of  October,  the  farewell  order  of  General  Negley,  to  his  divi- 
sion, was  received,  and  the  regiment  was  soon  after  transferred  to  the 
Third  Brigade,  General  Starkweather,  of  the  First  Division,  General, 
Richard  M.  Johnson,  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps,  General  John  M.  Palmer. 
The  brigade  was  composed  of  the  Seventy-eighth  and  Seventy-ninth 
Pennsylvania,  Twenty-first  and  Seventy-fourth  Ohio,  the  First  and  Twen- 
ty-first Wisconsin,  Thirty-seventh  Indiana,  and  the  Twenty-fourth  Illi- 
nois. Colonel  Sirwell  resigned  on  the  17th  of  November,  and  was  succeed- 
ed by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Archbald  Blakeley.  From  the  22d  of  October 
until  the  23d  of  November,  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  was  closely  be- 
sieged. Day  and  night,  shot  and  shell  were  plunged  into  the  camp  from 
all  the  prominent  positions  on  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge, 
the  troops,  the  greater  part  of  the  time,  in  a  state  of  semi-starvation. 

In  the  meantime  General  Rosecrans  had  been  superseded  by  General 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  233 

Grant,  and  reinforcements  and  supplies  began  to  arrive.  On  the  23d, 
24th  and  25th  days  of  November,  were  fought  the  decisive  battle  of  Look- 
out Mountain,  and  Mission  Ridge,  which  swept  Bragg  from  all  his  strong- 
holds, environing  the  town,  and  gave  his  columns  to  precipitate  retreat. 
In  the  contest  in  front  of  Missionary  Ridge  the  Seventy-eighth  partici- 
pated, but  without  serious  loss. 

On  the  29th,  the  brigade  was  sent  on  a  reconnoissance  to  the  summit  of 
Lookout  Mountain.  Ascending  by  the  Summertown  road,  it  proceeded  as 
"far  south  as  Johnston's  Crook,  whence  it  returned  to  Summertown,  ar- 
riving on  the  2d  of  December.  The  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
Twenty-first  Wisconsin,  under  command  of  Colonel  Blakeley,  were  as- 
signed to  duty  on  this,  now  historic  mountain,  the  field  of  the  famous 
"Battle  above  the  Clouds."  As  the  range  extends  south,  and  directly  into 
the  rebel  lines,  the  position  was  isolated  and  exposed.  Colonel  Blakeley 
immediately  surveyed,  and  laid  out  a  line  of  earthworks,  across  the 
mountain,  which  was  rapidly  thrown  up  and  rendered  the  position  easily 
defensible.  Supplies  had  to  be  brought  up  the  mountain,  by  the  one 
narrow  winding  road,  upon  mules  scarcely  able  to  walk.  Notwithstand- 
ing the  scarcity  of  provisions,  and  the  heavy  details  for  picket  and  fatigue 
duty,  the  men  bore  all  cheerfully,  and  performed  every  duty  with  alacrity. 

On  the  8th  of  April,  1864,  Colonel  Blakeley  resigned,  and  the  command 
devolved  on  Colonel  Sirwell,  who  had  been  recommissioned,  and  was  now 
remustered.  At  the  opening  of  May,  the  regiment  broke  camp  on  the 
mountain,  and  rejoined  the  brigade  at  Graysville.  In  the  hard  fighting 
of  the  campaign  which  ensued,  the  Seventy-eighth  bore  well  its  part, 
participating  in  the  engagements  at  Tunnel  Hill,  and  Buzzard  Roost  Gap, 
on  the  7th  of  May,  at  Resaca,  on  the  14th,  at  Dallas,  on  the  17th,  at  New 
Hope  Church,  on  the  1st  of  June,  and  in  the  protracted  struggle  before 
Kenesaw  Mountain.  While  yet  in  front  of  Kenesaw,  the  regiment  re- 
ceived orders  on  the  21st  of  June  to  proceed  to  Chattanooga,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  guarding  trains  while  on  their  way  to  the  front.  For  three  months 
it  -was  thus  employed,  at  the  expiration  of  which,  it  was  ordered  to  Tulla- 
homa,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Division  of  the  Twentieth  Corps. 
But  on  the  24th  of  September,  when  on  the  eve  of  moving,  the  order  was 
countermanded,  and  one  was  received  directing  it  to  move  to  Athens, 
Alabama.  Arrived  at  Decatur,  its  destination  was  again  changed,  and 
it  was  now  directed  to  report,  without  delay,  to  General  Rousseau,  at 
Nashville.  Upon  its  arrival  it  was  pushed  forward  to  Pulaski,  arriving 
there  at  noon  of  the  27th,  and  in  time  to  participate  in  an  action  which  de- 
feated the  enemy  who  had  assumed  a  bold  front,  and  was  threatening  the 
place.  On  the  29th  it  returned  by  rail  to  Nashville,  and  was  immediately 
ordered  to  Tullahoma,  which  was  now  threatened  by  the  enemy,  arriving 
the  same  night.  Remaining  but  for  a  day,  it  returned  to  Nashville,  and 
was  again  sent  south  as  far  as  Franklin,  where  it  was  mounted,  and 
moved  with  the  force  under  General  Rousseau,  against  the  rebel  cavalry 
harassing  southern  Tennessee.  The  enemy  fled  before  him,  and  was 
driven  across  the  Tennessee  River  into  Alabama.  The  regiment  re- 
turned to  Nashville,  arriving  on  the  17th  of  October,  six  days  after  its 


234  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

term  of  service  had  expired.  On  the  following  day  it  received  orders  from 
Major  General  Thomas,  relieving  it  from  duty  in  the  Department  of 
the  Cumberland,  and  directing  its  return  to  Pennsylvania,  for  muster  out. 
It  embarked  immediately,  and  moved,  by  the  Cumberland  and  Ohio 
Rivers,  to  Pittsburgh,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Kittanning,  where  on  the 
4th  of  November,  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 

The  recruits  and  veteran  volunteers  remained  at  Nashville,  under 
command  of  Lieutenants  Torbett  and  Smith.  To  these,  the  Governor 
of  Pennsylvania  assigned  eight  new  companies,  bringing  the  recruited 
force  up  to  the  minimum  regimental  strength,  and  subsequently  com- 
missioned Major  Bonnaffon  Colonel,  Henry  W.  Torbett,  Lieutenant  Col- 
onel, and  Robert  M.  Smith,  Major.  The  new  regiment,  as  thus  or- 
ganized, remained  on  duty  at  Nashville,  and  participated  with  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  under  Thomas  in  that  brilliant  campaign  near  the 
close  of  the  year,  1864,  which  swept  the  rebel  army  from  Tennessee,  and 
was  finally  mustered  out  of  service  on  the  llth  of  September,  1865. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENTS 

79TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

KELLY  FIELD,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  13TH,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  HON.  EDWIN  K.  MARTIN. 

COMRADES  of  the  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen: — When  the  historian  comes  to  write  a  truthful  nar- 
rative of  the  civil  war,  focussed  by  the  lens  of  time,  the  refractions 
of  nearness  dispelled,  then  will  Chickamauga  stand  forth  in  its  real  pro- 
portions as  that  struggle  the  consequences  of  which  to  the  Confederacy 
were  more  momentous  than  any  other  battle  of  the  rebellion. 

The  fall  of  Vicksburg  paralyzed  the  south  on  the  Mississippi,  but  it 
shortened  its  line  of  battle  and  concentrated  its  resources.  The  defeat 
at  Gettysburg  simply  restored  the  status  quo  at  Richmond,  while  the 
capture  of  Chattanooga  laid  bare  the  vitals  whereby  the  heart's  throbs 
forced  lifeblood  through  the  entire  southern  system.  With  its  mountain 
surroundings,  Chattanooga  constituted  at  once  the  gateway  and  the 
citadel  of  the  south. 

Here  were  yet  undisturbed  the  fertile  fields,  the  workshops,  the  factories 
that  supplied  the  great  armies  at  the  front  and  repaired  the  waste  of  war. 
Here  was  grouped  that  powerful  combination  of  state  governments, 
whose  adhesion  and  cohesion  alone  made  resistance  possible. 

Georgia,  Alabama,  the  Carolinas  were  all  outflanked  when  Chattanooga, 
the  objective  of  Rosecrans'  great  campaign,  was  evacuated — were  all  un- 
covered when  victory  became  barren  of  results  at  Chickamauga,  for  no 
part  of  the  Southland  had  been  so  powerfully  guarded  by  nature  against 
invasion. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  235 

Just  as  the  vital  organs  of  the  human  body  are  encased  in  stronger  tis- 
sues, so  the  vital  organs  of  the  Confederacy  were  ribbed  by  mountain 
ranges  nearly  impassable.  Southerners  have  complained  that  their  rivers 
run  the  wrong  direction  for  defense;  not  so  the  rocky  spurs  of  the  lower 
Alleghanies  that  hemmed  in  the  garden  and  the  granary  of  the  south. 

These  ranges  were  pierced  at  a  single  point,  and  Lookout  Mountain 
towered  beside  that  opening,  rude,  sombre,  gigantic,  its  crown  of  basaltic 
rock  two  thousand  feet  above  the  sea  giving  an  impressiveness  to  the  en- 
tire region  inspired  scarcely  anywhere  else  on  the  continent.  It  has  been 
likened  to  a  crouching  lion  as  it  kept  watch  and  ward  over  the  last  strong- 
hold of  the  Confederacy.  The  comparison,  however,  fails  when  we  re- 
member it  more  like  a  volcano  belching  death  and  destruction  into  our 
camps  at  its  feet.  But  this  could  not  last  forever,  and  there  came  a  time 
when  in  the  shifting  lights  and  shadows,  columns  of  blue  scaled  its 
seamed  and  furrowed  sides,  and  Union  bayonets  glistened  on  its  rocky 
pinnacles.  Then  as  the  morning  sun  glanced  on  the  shining  eagles  of  the 
north  sweeping  its  summits,  the  setting  sun  of  destiny  threw  its  slanting 
rays  over  the  Confederacy  of  the  South.  All  that  came  after  Chattanooga 
was  the  twilight  of  the  rebellion.  The  capture  of  Atlanta,  the  march 
to  the  sea,  the  surrender  at  Appomattox,  were  the  evening  of  the  days  of 
Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga.  The  Confederate  General  Johnson  de- 
clared "the  army  that  covered  the  central  point  at  Chattanooga  was  the 
true  shield  of  the  Confederacy."  Lieutenant  General  Longstreet  gave  up 
the  mournful  secret  when  in  1879  he  said:  "The  last  hope  of  the  Con- 
federacy expired  with  the  failure  of  our  army  to  prosecute  the  advantage 
gained  from  the  Federals  at  Chickamauga."  Lieutenant  General  Hill,  an- 
other of  the  most  brilliant  officers  of  the  Confederacy,  significantly  adds: 
''There  was  no  more  splendid  fighting  in  '61  when  the  flower  of  the  south- 
ern youth  was  in  the  field,  than  was  displayed  in  those  bloody  days  of  Sep- 
tember, '63.  But  it  stems  to  me  that  the  elan  of  the  southern  soldier  was 
never  seen  after  Chickamauga— the  brilliant  dash  which  had  distin- 
guished him  was  gone  forever.  He  was  too  intelligent  not  to  know  that 
the  cutting  in  two  of  Georgia  meant  death  to  all  his  hopes.  He  fought 
stoutly  to  the  last,  but  with  the  sullenness  of  despair  and  without  the 
enthusiasm  of  hope.  That  barren  victory  sealed  the  fate  of  the  Southern 
Confederacy."  To  this  testimony  the  Confederate  General  Loring  adds: 
"We  would  gladly  have  exchanged  a  dozen  of  our  previous  victories  for 
that  one  failure.  No  man  in  the  south  felt  that  you  had  accomplished 
anything  until  Chattanooga  fell.  It  was  the  closed  doorway  to  the  in- 
terior of  our  country.  It  caused  us  to  experience  for  the  first  time  a 
diminution  of  confidence." 

"The  19th  and  20th  of  September,  1863,"  says  the  Compte  de  Paris, 
"proved  to  be  the  two  last  brilliant  days  in  the  history  of  the  Confederacy; 
after  that  all  was  defense." 

After  thirty-four  years  of  strife,  in  other  fields,  my  comrades,  we  have 

stepped  aside  from  the  battle  of  life  to  recall  a  memory  of  the  past;  to 

perpetuate  our  part  in  these  great  events  beside  an  enduring  monument 

erected  here  by  our  noble  Commonwealth.    Then  we  came  to  this  field,  not 

16 


236  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

as  the  guests  of  a  great  Commonwealth,  but  as  her  soldiers,  tolling  in 
weary  lines  over  mountain  paths  that  were  almost  inaccessible,  crossing 
rivers,  fording  streams,  subsisting  on  the  coarsest  food,  sleeping  by  our 
stacked  arms  on  the  cold  ear*th.  We  were  guided  on  that  long  and  ex- 
hausting night  march  by  the  flashes  of  the  carbines  of  the  cavalry  who 
hung  on  the  narrow  flank  towards  the  enemy.  We  were  veterans,  sea- 
soned in  many  campaigns,  or  the  experiences  would  have  been  appalling 
even  before  a  shot  was  fired.  There  had  been  a  serious  blunder  some- 
where and  it  had  to  be  atoned  for  by  extraordinary  exertion  on  the  part 
of  the  soldiers.  You  are  the  living  witnesses  of  how  they  proved  equal 
to  that  task. 

That  grey  dawn  on  the  19th  of  September,  1863,  lives  In  my  memory  as 
scarcely  any  other  event  of  a  lifetime.  Somehow  we  felt  ourselves  in  the 
presence  of  great  events.  Ordinary  fighting  we  had  had  for  months.  It 
was  incident  to  the  campaign.  But  here  was  battle  in  the  air.  The  Sev- 
enty-ninth Pennsylvania  belonged  to  Baird's  Division  of  the  Fourteenth 
Arrpy  Corps,  Thomas'  Corps.  The  history  of  that  division  is  the  history 
of  our  part  in  these  events.  It  has  been  told  and  retold  with  particularity 
by  the  government  in  its  official  reports,  by  individuals  on  one  occasion 
and  another.  This  beautiful  monument-,  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the 
group  of  shafts  that  mark  the  most  serious  fighting  of  one  of  the  severest 
battles  of  the  war,  if  not  the  severest,  was  fashioned  from  an  episode  that 
occurred  in  our  regiment  in  the  night  fight  of  September  19,  when  Clay- 
borne's  belate.d  columns  struck  our  front.  It  had  been  a  day  of  fighting 
for  position;  the  prelude  of  a  yet  greater  day  on  the  morrow.  Each  side 
had  brought  its  troops  cautiously  to  the  front,  had  felt  his  foe  and  was 
awaiting  developments.  There  had  been  heavy  losses  already,  though  it 
was  only  the  gathering  of  the  storm. 

In  those  mountains  the  nightfall  came  early  in  the  September  day,  and 
the  sun  had  already  sunk  behind  the  fringe  of  dark  forest.  There  was 
something  terribly  oppressive  about  those  deep,  dark  woods;  something 
which  one  could  feel  but  not  describe.  Men  who  were  there  have  often 
spoken  of  it  since  that  night.  Perhaps  physical  exhaustion  played  its 
part.  We  had  not  slept  for  two  nights.  We  had  scarcely  eaten  for 
twenty-four  hours.  Our  canteens  were  empty.  Perhaps  the  sombre  un- 
certainty of  the  morrow  enveloped  us.  Men  dropped  down  to  rest  where 
their  ranks  were  formed  but  there  was  to  be  no  rest.  There  were  shots  on 
the  picket  line — that  was  nothing  unusual — but  they  grew  more  frequent. 
The  trained  ear  of  the  old  soldier  reads  the  story  of  the  rifle's  note  with 
the  facility  that  a  telegraph  operator  reads  the  clicking  instrument.  A 
shell  adds  its  fearful  screech  to  the  voice  of  the  coming  battle.  The  tired 
line  springs  to  its  feet,  stands  for  a  moment  at  "attention,"  then  the  order 
to  advance  is  given,  and  the  demons  on  both  sides  are  let  loose.  A  fight 
in  the  broad  day  under  the  open  Heaven,  with  your  foe  in  plain  sight,  is 
bad  enough.  But  a  night  fight  is  horrible!  Put  the  combatants  in  a 
woods  so  dense  that  the  foliage  obscures  the  Heavens,  so  black  that  you 
cannot  distinguish  friend  from  foe,  then  open  the  throats  of  ten  thou- 
sand rifles,  and  you  have  it.  The  pall  of  night  conceals  everything  except 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  237 

the  fierce  lightning  of  the  muskets,  and  angry  shriek  of  the  shells,  the 
demoniac  cries  of  the  combatants,  the  voices  of  the  dying. 

While  the  night  fight  was  at  its  heighth  and  our  brigade  was  advancing 
to  meet  the  enemy,  a  shell  exploded  beside  the  colors  and  killed  Sergeant 
Dostman.  As  the  flag  fell  from  his  dying  grasp,  before  it  could  touch  the 
earth,  it  was  seized  by  one  of  his  comrades  of  the  color  guard  and  borne 
forward  with  the  column.  At  such  an  hour  and  amid  such  surroundings 
the  incident  was  created  which  the  sculptor  seized  and  set  in  bronze  as  a 
perpetual  testimony  to  the  worth  and  the  valor  of  the  Seventy-ninth 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry  on  Chickamauga  field.  It  is  an  appro- 
priate thought,  fittingly  preserved,  and  Pennsylvania  is  honored  in  having 
the  bravery  of  a  brave  event  handed  down  to  history  with  the  other 
miracles  of  valor  that  were  enacted  here  on  the  19th  and  20th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1863.  But  this  was  not  the  only  part  of  this  field  upon  which 
the  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  was  entitled  to  write  its  story  in  bronze. 

You  will  pardon  me  if  I  refer  briefly  to  the  part  it  took  under  General 
Thomas  on  the  20th  of  September  in  the  heroic  defense  of  the  Horseshoe 
Ridge  which  saved  the  army  and  saved  the  day. 

Perhaps  in  all  the  history  of  our  war  no  fight  was  made  with  more  des- 
perate energy  and  no  greater  results  hung  tremblingly  in  the  balance 
than  during  the  rebel  assaults  upon  Thomas'  line  along  Snodgrass  Hill, 
on  "the  Horseshoe  Ridge,"  as  the  Compte  de  Paris  calls  it.  This  fated 
ridge  might  be  called  the  Hill  of  the  Atonement,  since  on  its  seared  sides 
Thomas  and  his  veterans  made  bloody  amends  for  all  the  blunders  of  the 
Chattanooga  campaign.  For  while  it  is  true,  in  brilliancy  of  conception, 
in  obstacles  overcome,  in  consummate  manoeuvring  and  in  boldness  of 
execution,  the  Chattanooga  campaign  is  hardly  to  be  surpassed,  it  had  its 
lamentable  side,  and  repairing  blunders  in  the  face  of  the  enemy  is  expen- 
sive and  costly  work,  as  many  of  the  graves  in  this  National  cemetery 
will  testify. 

It  is  now  past  noon  on  the  20th  of  September;  a  crisis  has  come  in  the 
second  day's  fight.  The  right  wing  is  annihilated,  the  splendid  corps  of 
Crittenden  and  McCook  have  been  swept  in  ruin  from  the  field,  back  into 
the  gaps  of  the  ridges  that  cover  Chattanooga.  In  their  flight  they  have 
carried  with  them  besides  their  own  commanders,  the  general  of  the 
army.  To  all  intents  and  purposes  at  this  hour  Chickamauga  is  a  lost 
field.  Rosecrans  so  telegraphed  the  war  department  at  Washington.  To 
the  trained  ear  of  his  chief  of  staff,  General  Garfield,  however,  there  are 
still  sounds  of  orderly  resistance  on  the  left  where  Thomas  stood.  Can  it 
be  that  Longstreet's  veterans  have  not  swept  all  before  them  in  that  re- 
sistless charge  that  penetrated  the  fatal  gap  of  General  Wood?  With  the 
instincts  of  a  soldier  the  chief  of  staff  follows  the  sound  of  the  cannon  and 
finds  Thomas  alone,  the  focus  of  the  fight.  Besides  his  corps  are  some 
fragments  of  the  army.  Beyond  them  a  semi-circle  of  destruction.  Rebel 
forces  that  have  flocked  from  the  four  corners  of  the  Confederacy,  flushed 
\vith  victory,  are  engaged  in  a  supreme  effort  to  redeem  Chattanooga,  and 
half  the  Federal  army  gone.  The  Confederate  line  in  front  of  Burnside 
at  Knoxville  has  been  stripped  to  contribute  to  Rosecrans'  defeat  here. 


238  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Some  of  Pemberton's  freshly  paroled  men  from  Vicksburg,  in  obedience  to 
the  desperate  behests  of  the  Confederacy,  are  here;  Longstreet's  eight 
brigades;  the  veterans  of  Fredericksburg  and  Antietam  and  Gettysburg 
are  here  to  strike  Thomas'  devoted  flank  with  the  momentum  of  the  tidal 
wave  that  elsewhere  on  the  field  has  lifted  and  borne  everything  from  its 
pathway.  Again  and  again  with  shout  and  yell  they  press  forward  bent 
on  our  annihilation.  But  that  slender  line  with  its  flanks  wrapped  about 
the  hill,  its  ranks  rooted  to  the  earth,  is  as  immovable  as  the  ridges  it  oc- 
cupies, and  while  ammunition  lasts,  brute  force  could  only  pound  itself 
to  pieces  against  it.  Now  that  the  battle  chorus  has  been  hushed  these 
thirty-four  years  we  can  look  with  undisturbed  serenity  on  the  valor  of 
an  enemy  who  threw  line  after  line  against  that  terrible  front  only  to  be 
driven  back,  leaving  windrows  of  death  behind. 

But  a  great  catastrophe  was  impending.  The  ammunition  was  running 
low.  The  cartridge  boxes  of  the  dead  and  wounded  had  been  emptied. 
Men  looked  into  each  pther's  faces  and  inquired  what  next.  To  some 
regiments  Thomas  had  already  given  the  order  to  fix  bayonets,  but 
bayonets  alone  would  never  hold  that  hill  against  such  fearful  odds. 

Strange  things  occur  in  human  history,  and  none  stranger  than  the  ap- 
pearance at  this  moment  on  the  right  of  the  staggering  line,  of  a  small 
band  of  reinforcements.  At  first  they  were  thought  to  be  a  fresh  line  of 
the  enemy,  but  by  and  by  the  red  and  blue  battle  flag  containing  the 
white  crescent  of  Gordon  Granger  came  out  like  a  message  from  the  sky. 
They  brought  ammunition.  They  brought  hope.  It  was  Blucher  and 
night  at  the  same  moment.  The  army  was  saved.  Chickamauga  passed 
into  history  as  a  barren  victory  for  the  Confederacy — the  path  to  the  sea 
remained  open. 

Thomas  has  been  called  the  "Rock  of  Chickamauga." 

I  recall  the  old  hero  on  the  battlefield  during  one  of  the  ordeals  of  that 
two  days'  fighting-  his  ranks  had  been  heavily  pressed— in  places  they 
were  broken — the  enemy  had  followed  his  advantage  and  his  bullets  were 
cutting  the  leaves  from  the  trees  above  the  General's  head.  On  his  old 
familiar  steed  he  sat;  not  a  muscle  of  his  face  moved  while  he  issued 
orders  to  restore  the  line  in  the  quiet  conversational  tone  that  politeness 
prescribes  for  a  ladies'  drawing-room.  It  was  the  discipline  of  a  lifetime 
concentrated  on  a  moment.  There  is  no  figure  in  military  history  more 
sublime  than  that  of  General  Thomas  in  the  midst  of  this  line  of  fire  that 
nearly  encircles  the  Horseshoe  Ridge,  not  only  wrenching  victory  from 
the  Jaws  of  defeat,  but  in  that  awful  hour  making  amends  for  the  sins  of  a 
whole  campaign;  for  Halleck's  misconceptions  and  blunders  at  Washing- 
ton; for  Rosecrans'  excessive  confidence  that  in  the,  face  of  his  foes  scat- 
tered his  army  over  sixty  miles  when  it  should  have  occupied  six;  for 
the  failure  of  Burnside  to  co-operate  from  Knoxville;  or  of  Grant  from 
Vicksburg. 

It  has  been  said  of  Thomas  as  was  said  of  Massena,  "He  was  endowed 
with  that  extraordinary  firmness  and  courage  which  seemed  to  increase 
in  excess  of  danger."  His  was  the  equal  mind  that  was  never  lost  in 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  239 

disaster,  the  unconquerable  will,  the  steadfast  purpose,  the  dauntless 
courage,  the  limitless  resources. 

The  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  belonged  to  that  portion  of  the  line 
which  fired  the  opening  and  the  closing  shots  at  Chickamauga.  This 
monument  commemorates  an  event  that  happened  midway  between  those 
two  periods,  and  though  erected  on  the  historic  ground  Thomas  alone  held 
on  the  afternoon  of  September  20,  we  dedicate  it  here  to-day  to  give  per- 
petual expression  to  the  heroic  deeds  and  patriotic  sacrifices  of  our  com- 
rades throughout  the  entire  contest,  and  on  every  part  of  the  field;  so  that 
in  the  long  hereafter  when  the  sons  of  the  Keystone  State  wandering 
among  these  mountains,  and  through  these  valleys  and  along  these 
streams  made  sacred  by  the  heroism  of  other  days,  shall  ask  what  part 
our  great  Commonwealth  had  in  making  memorable  this  field,  they  will  be 
led  to  this  spot  and  here  will  be  recounted  to  them  with  pride  the  eloquent 
story  of  their  fellow  citizens  who  in  1863,  believing  they  were  right,  stood 
before  death  without  a  quiver. 

There  has  been  much  effusive  talk  about  the  right  and  the  wrong,  the 
sacredness  and  the  sinfulness  of  each  cause  arbitrated  here,  and  eloquent 
men  have  brought  forth  the  faded 'olive  branch  of  history  and  waved  it 
in  the  faces  of  friend  and  foe  to  the  disgust  of  both.  There  is  another 
class  of  men,  nursing  the  prejudices  of  the  past  and  trying  to  vitalize 
them  because  other  mistaken  men  died  for  them,  until  we  sometimes  feel 
constrained  to  cry  out  at  the  injustice  that  is  wrought  in  the  attempt  to 
uphold  these  battered  follies  and  crimes.  But  let  us  be  patient.  There 
must  necessarily  be  a  little  friction  between  the  incoming  and  the  outgo- 
ing generations,  just  as  the  waves  heave  and  toss  long  after  the  storm 
has  passed.  History  has  written  a  decree,  but  we  are  yet  much  too  near 
these  events  to  comprehend  it;  too  busy  with  the  glory  of  them— with 
Sherman's  march  to  the  sea  and  Sheridan's  ride  in  the  valley,  and 
Thomas'  stand  at  Chickamauga,  and  Grant's  prowess  before  Richmond; 
and  on  their  side,  the  children  of  the  Confederacy,  with  Stonewall  Jack- 
son's 'brave  marches  and  General  Lee's  brave  defenses.  You  and  I  will 
soon  be  dead.  These  monuments  will  crumble  and  decay,  but  the  eternity 
of  right  abides  forever. 

Irrespective  of  the  right  or  wrong  of  that  war,  it  left  one  stern  legacy  to 
the  American  people  which  both  sides  can  take  pride  in.  It  taught  each 
to  respect  the  other,  to  rightly  estimate  the  other's  sturdy  qualities  and 
thereby  created  a  foundation  for  national  unity  in  mutual  respect. 

Our  civil  war  when  it  shall  be  fully  understood  will  stand  forth  as  a 
unique  chapter  in  the  world's  history,  for  within  a  generation  of  the  sound 
of  its  closing  guns,  communities  of  men  from  both  sections  lived  side  by 
side,  perpetuating  the  war's  memories  and  forgetting  its  passions — nay, 
in  some  instances,  they  laid  their  trophies  on  a  common  altar. 

When  England  conquered  the  Highlands  she  held  them  by  force  for 
fifty  years,  as  she  now  holds  India;  as  Germany  holds  Alsace  and  Lor- 
raine; as  Spain  holds  Cuba  and  the  Philippines.  Our  policy  was  different, 
and  to-day  instead  of  having  a  physical  union  maintained  by  bayonets  in 
one-half  of  our  land,  we  are  securing  a  union  of  hearts  which  fosters  af- 


240  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

fection  and  promotes  loyalty  and  which  no  Mason  and  Dixon's  line  will 
ever  again  keep  asunder. 

General  Rosecrans  said  in  Chattanooga  in  1889,  "It  took  great  men  to 
win  that  battle,  but  it  takes  greater  men  still,  to  wipe  away  all  the  ill- 
feeling  which  naturally  grows  out  of  such  a  contest."  Yet  I  believe  the 
dedication  of  this  field  two  years  ago  to  the  dead  of  both  sides  did  more  to 
obliterate  old  prejudices  than  any  other  event  since  the  war,  because  in 
that  dedication  the  valor  and  sincerity  of  the  rank  and  file  of  the  south 
was  recognized,  and  this  fact,  the  most  sensible  of  southern  people  have 
been  content  to  recognize  as  the  only  legacy  history  could  fairly  accord 
them.  If  a  foreigner  had  stood  upon  this  field  two  years  ago  and  wit- 
nessed the  commingling  of  the  veterans  of  the  north  and  the  south,  he 
must  have  felt  that  here,  where  the  mountains  of  the  Appalachian  ranges 
begin  to  fade  away  into  the  plains  of  Georgia  and  Alabama,  there  has  also 
faded  away  another  great  barrier — sectionalism — which  threatened  to  be 
a  mountain  range  of  discord  between  us  for  a  century,  but  which  under 
the  benignant  policy  of  the  north  and  the  kindlier  impulses  of  the  south, 
has  scarcely  outlasted  a  generation. 

General  Fullerton  said  upon  that  occasion,  recognizing  this  fraternal 
spirit:  "These  monuments  do  not  tell  of  death,  but  of  resurrection — of  a 
new  birth— the  resurrection  of  the  nation — of  a  people  at  last  united  in  in- 
terests, in  heart,  in  sentiment— of  one  flag  and  of  one  glorious  destiny." 
If  that  is  so  of  the  granite  and  marble  and  bronze  scattered  along  these 
memorable  fronts  of  war,  how  much  more  is  it  true  of  the  Pennsylvania 
monument  we  dedicate  here  to-day.  It  is  an  allegory  that,  interpreted  in 
its  broadest  lines,  becomes  eloquent.  A  color  sergeant  falls;  the  flag  never 
touches  the  earth,  but  is  seized  by  a  comrade  and  flung  into  the  front  rank 
of  battle.  So  that  bronze  says;  so  these  living  witnesses  say.  Henceforth 
the  flag  of  freedom  leaguered  with  bayonets  and  shotted  guns,  riddled 
with  bullets  and  torn  with  the  storms  of  battle  on  a  hundred  blood-soaked 
fields,  though  often  in  peril,  shall  never  again  touch  the  earth,  because 
thousands  of  brave  arms  north  and  south  will  be  outstretched  to  bear  it  to 
victory  or  die  under  its  righteous  folds. 

It  is  this  thought  that  makes  America  master  of  the  future,  and  with  her 
sons  north  and  south,  east  and  west,  once  more  gathered  together,  who 
can  doubt  henceforth  she  will  be  invincible. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

IN  the  early  part  of  August,  1861,  Henry  A.  Hambright,  of  Lancaster, 
was  authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  War  to  recruit  a  regiment.    With 
the  exception  of  Company  D,   which   was  recruited  in  Washington 
county,  the  companies  were  all  raised  in  Lancaster  county.    As  fast  as 
organized  they  were  sent  to  Camp  Wilkins,  near  Pittsburgh,  and  on  the 
llth  of  October  the  last  company  had  arrived.    The  regimental  organiza- 

'Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvunla  Volunteers. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  241 

tion  was  effected  by  the  selection  of  the  following  field  officers:  Henry 
A.  Hambright,  of  Lancaster,  Colonel;  John  H.  Duchman,  of  Lancaster, 
Lieutenant  Colonel;  William  S.  Mellinger,  of  Monongahela  City,  Major. 
The  officers  and  most  of  the  privates  had  served  in  the  three  months' 
campaign.  Brigadier  General  James  S.  Negley  was  assigned  to  the 
command  O'f  the  brigade  composed  of  the  Seventy-seventh,  Seventy- 
eighth  and  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  Regiments,  and  on  the  afternoon 
of  the  17th  of  October,  it  left  camp  and  marched  to  Allegheny  City,  where 
the  State  colors  were  presented  by  Governor  Curtin,  who  accompanied 
the  presentation  with  a  stirring  address. 

On  the  following  day  the  brigade  marched  through  the  city  of  Pitts- 
burgh, and  embarked  upon  a  fleet  of  steamers  bound  for  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky. A  short  time  before  starting  the  deck  of  the  steamer,  Sir  William 
Wallace,  on  which  was  a  part  of  the  Seventy-ninth,  gave  way  with  a 
tremendous  crash,  seriously  injuring  Adjutant  C.  R.  Frailey,  so  much  so 
as  never  after  to  return  to  the  regiment.  Daniel  Landis,  of  Company  B, 
and  Daniel  Clemens,  leader  of  the  band,  also  suffered  some  injuries. 
Soon  after  its  arrival,  the  brigade  proceeded  by  rail  to  Camp  Nevin,  on 
Nolin  Creek,  and  three  weeks  later  across  the  stream  to  Camp  Negley. 
On  the  17th  of  December  it  moved  south,  and  after  some  delay  at  Bacon 
Creek  it  continued  the  march  to  Camp  Wood.,  near  Munfordsville,  on  the 
north  bank  of  Green  River.  It  was  here  engaged  in  drilling,  and  in 
picket,  guard,  and  scout  duty. 

Upon  the  opening  of  the  spring  campaign,  General  A.  McDowell  Mc- 
Cook,  to  whose  division  Negley's  Brigade  had  been  assigned,  was  ordered 
to  proceed  north  via  the  Ohio  River,  and  join  Grant  in  his  movement 
upon  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson.  At  Bacon  Creek  the  order  was  counter- 
manded, and  the  division  returned  to  Nashville.  It  remained  in  camp 
near  the  city  until  the  29th  of  March,  when  the  Seventy-ninth  was  ordered 
to  Columbia.  Soon  after  its  arrival  a  detachment  under  Captain  Ken- 
drick,  of  Company  A,  was  sent  out  to  repair  the  lines  of  telegraph  between 
Columbia  and  Pulaski.  While  busily  engaged  in  this  duty  it  was  sud- 
denly pounced  upon  by  a  squad  of  Morgan's  Cavalry,  and  nearly  the 
whole  party  captured.  As  soon  as  intelligence  reached  headquarters, 
four  companies  under  command  of  Major  Mellinger,  a  squadron  of  cav- 
alry, and  a  section  of  artillery,  were  dispatched  in  pursuit.  When  near 
Pulaski,  the  prisoners,  who  had  been  paroled,  were  met  on  their  way  back 
to  camp.  Mellinger  moved  forward  to  the  town,  encountering  a  few 
rebel  pickets  who  fled  rapidly  as  he  approached,  -and  occupied  it  without 
opposition.  He  was  soon  after  relieved  by  Colonel  Sirwell  of  the  Sev- 
enty-eighth and  returned  with  his  command  to  camp. 

The  Union  forces  in  eastern  and  central  Kentucky  had  at  first  been 
under  the  command  of  General  Anderson,  of  Fort  Sumter  fame,  but  sub- 
sequently under  General  Sherman.  The  latter  upon  being  relieved  at  his 
own  request,  was  superseded  by  General  Buell.  Early  in  April  the  main 
body  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  moved  to  Pittsburg  Landing,  to 
the  support  of  Grant,  but  the  Seventy-ninth  was  left  as  a  guard  upon  the 

16 


242  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Nashville  and  Decatur  Railroad.  On  the  10th  of  May,  General  Negley, 
made  an  expedition  to  Rodgersville,  Tennessee,  the  advance  brigade  con- 
sisting of  the  Seventy-eighth  and  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania  Infantry, 
two  battalions  of  cavalry  and  a  section  of  artillery,  all  under  command  of 
Colonel  Hambright.  The  enemy  was  discovered  upon  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river,  which  is  here  about  seven  hundred  yards  wide.  The  brigade 
was  hastily  formed,  the  Seventy-ninth  in  advance,  and  opened  fire.  The 
enemy  took  shelter  in  some  log  huts  standing  along  the  shore,  but  were 
driven  out  by  a  few  well  directed  shells.  On  the  16th  the  command 
moved  on  towards  Florence.  Before  starting  a  detachment  of  eighty 
men,  under  command  of  Captain  Klein,  of  Company  F,  was  sent  down  the 
river  in  boats  for  the  purpose  of  capturing  and  destroying  rebel  crafts 
and  contraband  property,  that  they  should  find  on  the  way.  In  passing 
the  Muscle  Shoals,  which  extend  ten  or  twelve  miles,  many  difficulties 
were  encountered,  the  boats  grounding  and  the  men  being  compelled  to 
leap  into  the  water  and  work  their  way  through  as  best  they  could. 
Nine  boats  were  destroyed  and  a  rebel  scout  captured.  From  Florence 
the  command  returned  again  to  Columbia. 

On  the  29th  of  May,  General  Negley  was  ordered  to  proceed  with  an  in- 
dependent force  consisting  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery  across  the 
mountains  to  Chattanooga.  Colonel  Hambright  was  now  in  command 
of  the  brigade  which  formed  part  of  the  force,  and  Major  Mellinger  of  the 
regiment.  The  enemy's  pickets  were  first  encountered  at  Walden  Ridge. 
They  fell  back,  as  Negley  advanced,  upon  their  main  body  under  com- 
mand of  General  Adams,  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle  ready  to  dispute  the 
passage  of  Sweden's  Cove.  Three  companies  of  the  Seventy-ninth, 
under  Captain  Klein,  were  thrown  forward  as  skirmishers,  which  scoured 
the  hills  and  brought  in  a  few  prisoners.  The  cavalry  was  held  under 
cover  in  the  timber,  and  the  artillery,  which  had  been  brought  up  and  ad- 
vantageously posted,  opened  fire.  A  few  shells  sent  the  enemy  flying  in 
confusion,  when  the  cavalry  emerging  from  the  woods,  gave  chase.  Two 
miles  out  he  was  overtaken  when  a  spirited  skirmish  ensued  in  which 
his  loss  was  considerable.  Without  further  opposition  the  command 
advanced,  and  arrived  in  front  of  Chattanooga  on  the  7th  of  June.  The 
enemy  was  found  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  well  entrenched,  close 
to  the  bank,  and  on  the  summit  of  the  hill  overlooking  the  stream,  and 
prepared  with  artillery  to  dispute  the  crossing.  Hambright's  Brigade 
was  ordered  forward  to  reconnoitre  the  ford.  Sypher's  and  Nell's  sec- 
tions of  artillery  were  brought  into  position,  with  the  Seventy-ninth  in 
support,  Company  A,  Captain  Benson,  being  thrown  forward  to  the  river 
bank  to  act  as  sharpshooters  and  to  pick  off  the  enemy's  gunners.  The 
Fifth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  Colonel  Haggard,  and  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry,  Major  Wynkoop,  were  thrown  to  the  rear  under  cover,  and  out 
of  the  range  of  the  enemy's  guns  for  the  protection  of  flanks  and  rear. 
His  infantry  soon  opened  from  his  entrenchments,  and  his  artillery, 
consisting  of  one  twenty-four  pounder,  one  eighteen  pounder,  and  four 
smaller  pieces,  was  served  with  spirit.  The  fire  was  promptly  returned, 
and  for  five  hours  a  brisk  cannonade  was  kept  up,  silencing  his  guns,  and 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  243 

causing  him  to  beat  a  hasty  retreat.  The  loss  in  the  Seventy-ninth  was 
one  wounded.*  The  object  of  this  expedition  was  a  diversion  in  favor  of 
General  Smith,  who  was  attempting  to  force  his  way  through  Cumber- 
land Gap,  into  East  Tennessee.  The  end  having  been  accomplished,  Gen- 
eral Negley  returned  with  his  command  to  Shelbyville,  having  been  absent 
but  fourteen  days,  had  two  engagements  with  the  enemy,  and  performed 
a  toilsome  march  of  two  hundred  and  eighty-four  miles. 

The  4th  of  July  was  celebrated  by  the  command  with  becoming  honors, 
raising  a  National  flag,  firing  salutes,  and  parading.  Hon.  Edmund 
Cooper  delivered  an  oration,  after  which  the  command  was  treated  to  a 
dinner  prepared  by  the  citizens.  To  this  date  the  following  changes  in 
the  regiment  had  occurred:  seven  men  had  deserted,  thirty-three  had 
died,  and  fifty-one  had  been  discharged,  leaving  nine  hundred  and  seven, 
of  whom  fifty  were  in  hospitals.  Early  in  July,  Major  Mellinger,  with 
four  companies  was  ordered  to  Wartrace  to  reinforce  General  Barnes, 
who,  having  left  a  small  force  to  hold  the  place,  had  gone  in  search  of 
the  enemy.  A  few  days  later  the  entire  regiment  was  ordered  forward. 
A  detachment  of  two  companies  was  sent  to  Duck  River  with  orders  to 
fortify  the  south  bank,  erect  a  stockade  on  the  north  bank,  and  protect 
the  railroad  bridge  at  that  point.  It  soon  became  evident  that  the  posi- 
tion must  be  abandoned,  and  before  the  works  were  completed,  an  order 
was  received  to  reduce  them,  and  retire  with  the  regiment  to  Tullahoma. 

Upon  its  arrival  it  was  assigned  to  a  brigade  composed  of  the  Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth  and  Nineteenth  Regulars,  commanded  by  General  William  S. 
Smith.  From  Tullahoma  the  brigade  proceeded  to  Manchester,  where  a 
detachment  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  was  engaged  in  picket 
duty.  On  the  8th  of  August  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Nashville,  and 
upon  its  arrival  encamped  on  College  Hill,  south  of  the  city.  The  enemy 
hovered  about  the  Capitol,  and  made  frequent  attempts  to  capture  the 
place  and  destroy  the  railroad.  The  regiment  was  sent  by  General  Mil- 
ler on  the  20th,  to  the  support  of  a  party  of  Indiana  troops  defending 
the  trestle-work  of  a  bridge  near  Gallatin,  and  threatened  by  a  superior 
force.  Before  its  arrival  the  enemy  had  succeeded  in  destroying  it,  but 
could  not  overpower  the  guard.  It  was,  subsequently,  again  ordered  to 
Gallatin  to  the  support  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  which 
had  been  attacked  by  Morgan's  bands,  but  did  not  arrive  in  time  to  have 
a  part  in  the  engagement.  After  remaining  a  few  days  it  returned  again 
to  Nashville,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Third  Brigade,  General  Stark- 
weather, First  Division,  General  Rousseau,  Fourteenth  Corps,  A.  Mc- 
Dowell McCook.  The  brigade  was  composed  of  the  Seventy-ninth  Penn- 

•Extract  from  Gpi:eral  Negley's  Official  Report. — Our  expedition  Into  East  Tennessee 
has  proved  successful.  We  are  returning  with  eighty  prisoners,  including  a  number 
of  prominent  officers;  also  captured  a  drove  of  cattle  and  a  large  quantity  of  horses 
intended  for  the  rebel  army.  The  defeat  of  General  Adams'  rebel  forces  in  Sweden's 
Cove  was  much  more  complete  than  reported.  He  escaped  without  sword,  hat  or  horse. 
We  silenced  th«  enemy's  batteries  at  Chattanooga  on  the  evening  of  7th,  after  a  fierce 
cannonading  of  three  hours.  We  opened  on  the  8th  at  nine  A.  M.,  and  continued  six 
hours  upon  the  town  and  rifle-pits,  driving  the  enemy  out  and  forcing  him  to  abandon 
his  works  and  evacuate  the  city.  He  burnt  several  railroad  bridges  to  prevent  pursuit  — 
Moore's  Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  V,  p.  187,  Docs. 


244  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

sylvania,  First  Wisconsin,  Seventeenth  Kentucky,  and  Fourth  Indiana 
Battery.  About  this  time  the  regimental  band  was  mustered  out  by 
general  order  of  the  War  Department,  and  returned  home. 

Early  in  September  the  movement  of  Buell's  Army  north  commenced. 
Bragg  with  a  strong  force  had  broken  into  Kentucky,  ravaging  and  de- 
stroying on  every  hand,  and  was  directing  his  course  towards  Louisville. 
Buell  made  forced  marches  to  reach  it  in  advance  of  him  and  was  success- 
ful, arriving  in  front  of  the  town  on  the  26th.  Foiled  in  his  purpose, 
Bragg  soon  turned  back,  and,  having  collected  immense  stores,  began 
to  make  his  way  south.  Encumbered  with  his  trains,  his  progress  was 
slow.  Buell  moved  in  pursuit  and  came  up  with  him  near  Perryville.  To 
save  his  trains  Bragg  was  obliged  to  turn  and  give  battle.  Artillery  fir- 
ing commenced  early  on  the  morning  of  the  8th  of  October.  Rousseau's 
Division  was  hastened  forward  and  drawn  up  in  line,  Barnes'  and  Lytle's 
Brigades  on  the  right,  Harris'  in  the  centre,  and  Starkweather's  on  the 
left,  with  Terrill's  Brigade  of  Jackson's  Division  on  the  left,  in  front  of, 
and  somewhat  in  advance  of  the  main  line.  Favored  by  irregularities  of 
ground,  and  woods  in  his  front,  the  enemy  was  enabled  to  approach  upon 
the  left  in  heavy  force  unobserved,  and  at  a  little  after  noon,  fell  upon 
Terrill's  Brigade  in  great  violence,  accompanied  with  unearthly  yells. 
This  brigade,  composed  of  raw  troops,  staggered  under  the  terrible  blow, 
and  soon  fled  in  confusion.  General  Jackson  was  killed  by  the  first  vol- 
ley.* Starkweather's  Brigade  stood  in  rear  of  Terrill,  the  First  Ken- 
tucky and  Fourth  Indiana  Batteries  on  the  hill,  the  Twenty-first  Wis- 
consin in  front,  the  Seventy-ninth  Pennsylvania,  the  First  Wisconsin, 
and  Twenty-fourth  Illinois  in  rear  and  in  support  of  the  batteries.  As 
soon  as  the  panic  stricken  troops  of  Terrill  had  passed  to  the  rear,  the 
enemy  followed  up  his  advance,  with  intent  to  crush  and  turn  McCook's 
left,  but  was  met  by  Starkweather  who  stood  firm.  The  batteries  of 
Bush  and  Stone  did  fearful  execution,  and  the  infantry  poured  in  a 
steady  fire.  Three  times  the  rebels  charged  with  determined  valor,  but 
were  as  often  bloodily  repulsed.  At  length,  the  ammunition  having  been 
exhausted,  the  infantry  retired  to  replenish  it,  the  guns  were  moved  back 
near  Russell's  House,  and  the  infantry  again  returned  to  its  place  in  the 
line.  The  battle  raged  upon  the  right  with  equal  violence,  and  the  line 
was  carried  back;  but  the  divisions  of  Mitchell  and  Sheridan,  of  Gil- 
bert's Corps,  stubbornly  held  their  ground  and  the  enemy  was  at  length 
forced  to  give  up  the  contest.  Upon  advancing  on  the  following  morning, 
it  was  discovered  that  he  had  fled  during  the  night.  The  Seventy-ninth 
lost  in  this  engagement,  thirty-seven  killed,  one  hundred  and  forty-nine 
.wounded,  and  three  missing,  an  aggregate  of  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
nine.  Captain  Samuel  J.  Boone  and  Lieutenant  Henry  J.  Test,  were  of  the 
killed. 


•lie  was  struck  In  the  right  breast  by  a  piece  of  an  exploded  shell,  and,  with  the  ex- 
clamation "Oh  God!"  fell  from  his  horse  and  died  without  a  struggle.  Even  the  enemy 
paid  a  tribute  to  his  gallantry.  Terrill  also  fell  directly  after,  and  M'Cook's  left  flank 
was  uncovered  and  would  have  been  destroyed  with  the  loss  of  the  train,  but  for  the 
pluck  of  Starkweather's  men. — Harper's  Pictorial  History,  Part  I,  p.  314. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  245 

The  army  followed  up  the  retreating  rebels,  harrassing  their  rear, 
passing  Drainesville,  where  a  large  number  of  their  wounded  were  found, 
Stanford,  Crab  Orchard,  Lebanon,  and  Bowling  Green,  at  which  place 
the  pursuit  was  stayed,  and  General  Buell  was  superseded  by  General 
Rosecrans.  While  here  sanitary  stores  from  the  "Patriot  Daughters  of 
Lancaster"  were  received.  On  _  the  9th  of  November  the  brigade,  under 
command  of  Colonel  Hambright,  was  sent  to  Mitchellsville  with  orders 
to  guard  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad.  The  regiments  were  de- 
tailed along  the  road,  the  headquarters  of  the  Seventy-ninth  being  at 
Camp  McCloud,  six  miles  south  of  Mitchellsville.  A  month  later  the 
brigade  was  summoned  to  join  the  main  body  of  the  army  encamped  at 
Nashville,  and  about  to  start  on  the  campaign  of  Stone  River.  Upon  its 
arrival  Rousseau's  Division  was  assigned  to  General  Thomas'  Corps. 
On  the  27th,  the  division  left  camp  and  marched  down  the  Franklin  Pike, 
thence  across  to  Nolansville,  and  to  the  Murfreesboro  Pike,  at  a  point 
about  ten  miles  north  of  Murfreesboro,  where  a  junction  was  formed 
with  the  main  column  on  the  evening  of  the  29th.  Early  on  the  following 
morning  the  army  moved  forward,  the  advance  soon  encountering  the 
enemy's  skirmishers,  who  fell  back  before  it.  Late  in  the  evening  the 
brigade  was  dispatched  to  Jefferson,  on  the  Stone  River  Pike,  to  protect 
the  train  and  cut  off  the  retreat  of  the  rebel  cavalry.  On  Tuesday,  the 
30th,  the  wagon  train  belonging  to  the  brigade  separated  from  the  main 
train  and  followed  the  column  to  Jefferson.  While  on  the  way  it  was  at- 
tacked by  Wheeler's  Cavalry,  and  before  help  could  be  obtained  twenty- 
two  wagons,  containing  stores  and  camp  equipage,  were  burned,  and  six 
men  captured.  On  the  following  morning  the  brigade  crossed  the  Stone 
River  Bridge  and  moved  on  towards  Murfreesboro.  Two  miles  out,  a 
number  of  stragglers  were  met  who  reported  Rosecrans'  Army  cut  to 
pieces  and  retreating  towards  Nashville.  Soon  an  orderly  came  who 
directed  the  brigade  to  return  and  join  the  division,  which  was  accomp- 
lished before  nightfall.  It  was  moved  into  a  thicket  of  cedars  and  posted 
to  repel  an  attack.  The  following  day,  January  1,  1863,  was  spent  in  feel- 
ing the  enemy  and  reconnoitring.  Early  next  morning  the  enemy  opened 
a  brisk  fire.  The  infantry  was  rapidly  moved  forward  and  the  engage- 
ment, which  soon  became  general,  raged  with  unabated  fury  for  four 
hours.  The  Third  Brigade  was  in  line  with  the  left  resting  on  the  pike, 
the  Seventy-ninth  in  support  of  Loomis'  Battery.  The  rebel  guns,  half 
a  mile  distant,  opened  a  rapid  fire  upon  it,  to  the  sore  annoyance  of  the 
supports,  but  was  finally  silenced.  In  the  afternoon  the  enemy  made  a 
fierce  assault  upon  the  left,  but  was  met  and  driven  by  Negley's  com- 
mand. During  the  evening  the  brigade  was  moved  to  the  front  line,  the 
Seventy-ninth  occupying  a  rifle-pit  which  was  hastily  thrown  up  after 
darkness  had  set  in.  Companies  C,  E,  H  and  I  were  thrown  out  as  post 
pickets,  but  the  enemy  having  learned  their  position,  posted  a  battery  so 
as  to  command  it  and  drove  them  out,  gaining  possession  of  the  cedars 
and  holding  them  until  the  following  evening.  During  the  night  he  was 
dislodged,  but  before  morning  had  withdrawn,  leaving  his  dead  unburied. 
The  loss  of  the  regiment  was  two  killed  and  ten  wounded. 


246  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

The  casualties  up  to  this  time  had  been  as  follows:  nine  commissioned 
officers  had  resigned;  one  died  of  disease;  two  killed  in  action;  three 
wounded  in  action;  one  captured;  thirty-seven  enlisted  men  killed  in  ac- 
tion; one  hundred  and  fifty-six  enlisted  men  wounded;  seventeen  died 
from  wounds  received  in  action;  fourteen  captured,  paroled  and  ex- 
changed; six  captured,  paroled  and  not  exchanged;  one  hundred  and 
three  discharged  for  disability;  eighteen,  members  of  band,  mustered 
out;  forty  died  of  disease;  fifty-three  deserted  and  two  transferred;  six- 
teen recruits  received.  It  numbered  at  this  time  thirty-five  commissioned 
officers,  and  six  hundred  and  eighty-eight  enlisted  men,  of  whom  twenty- 
five  officers  and  four  hundred  and  eighty-four  men  were  present  for  duty. 
One  hundred  and  forty-eight  were  sick,  of  whom  seventy-six  were 
wounded.  The  remainder  were  on  detached  duty.  Of  the  one  hundred 
and  three  men  discharged  for  disability,  thirty-five  were  for  wounds. 

After  the  battle  the  regiment  went  into  camp  at  Murfreesboro,  where 
supplies  of  clothing,  and  a  beautiful  flag,  the  gift  of  citizens  of  Lan- 
caster, were  received.  Foraging  expeditions  were  frequently  sent  out, 
occasionally  meeting  parties  of  the  enemy.  On  the  19th  of  April,  the  Third 
Brigade,  in  company  with  other  troops  under  command  of  General  Rey- 
nolds, was  ordered  to  McMinnville.  Two  cotton  mills,  several  grist  mills, 
and  a  large  amount  of  stores,  including  twenty-five  thousand  pounds  of 
bacon,  were  destroyed,  and  sixty  prisoners  taken.  The  command  moved 
to  Liberty,  where  a  large  steam  flouring  mill  was  destroyed  and  a  large 
amount  of  forage  and  provisions  collected,  and  dispatched  to  the  army. 

On  the  1st  of  June,  the  division  was  reviewed  by  General  Rousseau,  and 
on  the  24th,  the  summer  campaign  opened.  By  skilful  manoeuvring  the 
enemy  was  turned  out  of  his  position,  and  sent  flying  across  the  moun- 
tains to  Chattanooga,  which  he  was  determined  to  hold.  Rosecrans  fol- 
lowed on,  crossed  the  Tennessee  River,  at  Bridgeport,  struck  boldly  out 
across  the  mountains,  and  arrived  on  the  17th  upon  the  Chickamauga 
Creek  in  rear  of  the  rebel  army.  Bragg,  taking  the  alarm,  evacuated  Chat- 
tanooga, and  moved  out  to,  and  beyond  Ringgold,  where,  having  been 
heavily  reinforced,  he  faced  about,  assumed  the  offensive,  and  gathered  in 
his  forces  for  a  decisive  battle.  Negley  had  been  sent  on  the  12th  to  Dug 
Gap,  to  cut  off  Bragg's  way  of  retreat  by  the  valley  beyond,  but  en- 
countered obstinate  resistance,  and  it  now  became  fully  evident  that  he 
intended  to  fight.  The  Third  Brigade,  now  changed  to  the  Second,  was 
sent  to  Negley's  relief,  who  was  thereby  barely  enabled  to  get  off  in 
safety.  On  the  18th,  the  army  was  massed  in  the  valley  beyond  Crawfish 
Spring,  across  the  Rossville  Road,  covering  Chattanooga.  The  First  Di- 
vision, now  commanded  by  General  Balrd,  marched  during  the  entire 
night  to  reach  its  position.  At  eight  o'clock  on  Saturday,  the  19th,  a  dull 
heavy  sound  was  heard  away  to  the  left.  Deepening  in  intensity,  it  crept 
nearer  and  nearer,  and  at  ten  the  battle  was  in  full  progress.  Bragg  had 
massed  his  forces,  and  having  crossed  Chickamauga  Creek  was  hurling 
them  upon  the  Union  left,  intent  to  reach  the  Rossville  Road  and  break 
the  Union  line  of  retreat.  In  the  early  part  of  the  battle  the  Second 
acted  as  a  support  to  Scribner's  Brigade.  It  was  not  long,  however,  be- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  241 

fore  the  impetuosity  of  the  rebel  attack  caused  Scribner  to  waver  and 
finally  to  give  way.  The  enemy  eagerly  followed  up  the  advantage,  and 
pushed  through  the  break  to  the  right,  screening  his  movement  by  the 
woods.  The  Second  Brigade  was  now  ordered  forward.  As  it  moved 
by  the  flank  the  enemy  suddenly  sprang  up  from  his  lurking  place  and 
poured  in  a  galling  fire,  causing  fearful  havoc.  Taking  advantage  of  the 
confusion  produced  by  this  sudden  attack,  he  charged  upon  the  brigade 
battery,  and  captured  it,  before  the  pieces  could  be  unlimbered  or  a  gun 
fired.  Having  suffered  severely,  the  division  was  moved  half  a  mile  to 
the  rear  where  the  line  was  reformed,  and  late  in  the  afternoon,  favored 
by  the  heavy  fighting  on  the  extreme  right,  advanced  and  retrieved  much 
of  the  ground  that  had  been  lost  in  the  early  part  of  the  day.  Just  before 
dusk  the  enemy  made  a  determined  assault,  when  the  Union  lines  were 
again  forced  back.  In  the  darkness  Lieutenant  Colonel  Miles  and  about 
twenty  enlisted  men  became  separated  from  the  regiment,  and  were  taken 
prisoners.  A  new  line  was  finally  established  and  all  night  long  the  men 
labored  erecting  temporary  earthworks. 

Sunday  morning  dawned  dull  and  cold.  A  dense  fog  hung  over  the  en- 
tire valley,  obscuring  every  object.  Screened  by  the  mist,  the  enemy 
moved  out  and  commenced  the  attack,  on  the  right,  before  the  line  had 
been  properly  formed.  By  ten  A.  M.,  the  fight  had  become  general,  the 
crash  of  infantry  and  roar  of  artillery  mingling  peal  on  peal.  For  hours 
the  battle  raged  without  a  lull.  The  batteries  of  the  First  Division  which 
had  good  range,  poured  in  grape  and  canister  with  fearful  rapidity,  as 
the  enemy  in  heavy  columns  charged  again  and  again  upon  this  one  un- 
supported line.  The  carnage  in  its  front  was  fearful,  the  artillery  open- 
ing wide  gaps  in  his  dense  ranks,  and  the  fire  of  the  infantry  sweeping 
them  with  a  shower  of  leaden  hail.  In  the  centre,  the  Fourteenth  Corps 
held  firmly  its  ground  and  was  ready  to  advance,  but  the  wings  had  been 
broken  and  scattered.  At  length  the  enemy's  fire  began  to  slacken,  and 
General  Thomas,  apprised  of  the  disasters  on  other  parts  of  the  field,  fell 
back.  During  the  night  he  retired  four  or  five  miles  to  the  neighborhood 
of  Rossville,  and  on  the  night  of  the  21st,  wrapping  the  wheels  of  the 
artillery  with  shelter  tents,  withdrew  without  molestation  to  Chat- 
tanooga. The  Twentieth  and  Twenty-first  Corps  were  already  in  line 
in  front  of  the  town,  and  the  dispositions  were  soon  made  which  rendered 
its  occupation  secure,  the  two  wings  resting  on  the  river.  The  Seventy- 
ninth  entered  the  battle  with  seventeen  officers  and  three  hundred  and 
fifty  men,  of  whom  sixteen  were  killed,  sixty-six  wounded,  and  forty- 
seven  missing,  an  aggregate  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine.  Cap- 
tain Lewis  Heidegger  was  among  the  killed,  and  Lieutenant  Frederick 
Strasbaugh  mortally  wounded. 

The  enemy  immediately  invested  the  town,  and  cut  all  communications, 
except  by  mountain  paths.  The  army  soon  began  to  suffer  for  want  of 
food,  the  animals  dying  by  thousands  from  starvation.  General  Hooker 
with  two  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  finally  arrived,  and  under  the 
skillful  leadership  of  General  Grant,  who  had  now  superseded  Rosecrans 
In  chief  command,  the  river  was  opened  and  supplies  began  to  be  re- 


248  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

ceived,  but  In  insufficient  quantities,  and  the  men  were  still  obliged  to 
subsist  on  short  rations.  On  the  23d.  <Mth  and  25th  of  November  the 
battles  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge  were  fought,  which 
drove  the  enemy  in  disaster  from  our  front.  While  these  battles  were  in 
progress  the  Seventy-ninth  was  posted  in  the  forts  around  Chattanooga 
and  was  not  engaged. 

On  the  9th  of  February,  1864,  two  hundred  and  sixty-five  of  the  regiment 
le-enlisted,  and  were  mustered  in  on  the  12th.  On  the  22d,  instead  of  the 
veteran  furlough  as  was  anticipated,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  move 
with  the  division  to  Tunnel  Hill,  held  by  the  enemy.  Forming  line  of 
battle  as  it  came  up  with  the  hostile  force,  it  advanced,  under  fire,  and 
flanking  the  position  compelled  its  abandonment.  The  enemy  retired  to 
Buzzard's  Roost,  where  he  was  in  strong  force  well  posted  to  resist  at- 
tack. After  reconnoitring  it,  the  command  fell  back  without  assaulting, 
passing  Tunnell  Hill  and  encamping  at  Tyler's  Station.  The  regiment  lost 
two  wounded  in  this  encounter.  After  a  few  days  delay  at  this  point, 
the  veterans  received  the  order  for  their  furlough,  and  leaving  Chatta- 
nooga on  the  8th,  arrived  at  Lancaster  on  the  16th.  Returning  at  the  ex- 
piration of  the  furlough,  they  found  the  brigade  lying  in  front  of  the 
enemy  at  Buzzard's  Roost,  and  at  one  P.  M.,  on  the  9th  of  May,  once 
more  moved  into  line.  The  campaign  on  Atlanta  was  now  fully  inaugu- 
rated, and  the  regiment  prepared  to  breast  the  storm  of  battle,  which  con- 
tinued to  rage  with  little  interruption  until  that  stronghold  of  rebellion 
had  fallen.  Shortly  after  getting  into  position  Colonel  Hambright  was 
struck  by  a  fragment  of  shell,  which  disabled  him,  and  Major  Locher  suc- 
ceeded to  the  command.  On  the  llth  the  regiment  was  on  the  skirmish 
line  and  had  one  killed  and  several  wounded.  The  enemy  having  fallen 
back,  the  division  moved  along  the  base  of  St.  John's  Mountain,  through 
Snake  Gap,  had  a  brisk  skirmish  midway  between  Dalton  and  Resaca, 
and  arrived  at  Resaca  on  the  16th  of  May.  The  Seventy-ninth  was  here 
detailed  to  collect  the  arms  and  bury  the  dead  left  upon  the  field.  Fifteen 
hundred  stands  of  arms  were  gathered,  and  two  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  of  the  enemy's  dead  buried.  Soon  afterwards,  the  re^'ment  was 
sent  to  escort  a  wagon  train  to  Acworth.  This  duty  done,  it  rejoined 
the  brigade,  and  was  again  engaged  on  the  18th  of  June,  losing  eight  men 
wounded.  In  the  operations  in  front  of  Kenesaw  Mountain  it  was  em- 
ployed in  throwing  up  works,  and  in  skirmishing,  losing  several  killed  and 
wounded.  In  the  advance  of  the  enemy  on  the  20th,  Major  Locher  and 
seven  enlisted  men  were  wounded,  and  the  command  devolved  on  Cap- 
tain J.  S.  McBride.  In  connection  with  the  Twenty-first  Ohio  it  was 
ordered  to  charge  the  enemy's  works,  and  succeeded  in  driving  him  out, 
but  with  a  loss  of  one  killed  and  sixteen  wounded. 

The  enemy  now  fell  back  to  his  intrenched  lines  about  Atlanta,  and  the 
operations  to  turn  him  out  commenced.  In  these  the  regiment  partici- 
pated, arid,  upon  the  fall  of  the  city,  the  division  was  commended  for  its 
gallantry  in  an  order  from  General  Carlin  in  command.  After  the  occu- 
pation of  the  city  the  division  was  sent  back  as  far  as  Marietta,  where 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  249 

it  was  engaged  in  repairing  the  railroad,  which  the  enemy  had  destroyed. 
The  losses  during  the  entire  Atlanta  campaign  were  six  killed,  eighty-six 
wounded,  twelve  mortally,  and  two  taken  prisoners,  an  aggregate  of 
ninety-four. 

On  the  16th  of  November,  clothing  and  rations  having  been  issued,  the 
regiment  set  forward  on  the  Great  March  to  the  Sea.  The  following 
brief  extract  from  the  record  of  its  progress  will  illustrate  the  general 
character  of  that  memorable  march:  "24th  of  November,  left  camp  at 
seven  A.  M.,  crossing  the  Oconee  River,  marching  ten  miles  on  Sanders- 
ville  Road  and  encamping.  25th,  not  on  the  march;  day  spent  in  foraging. 
26th,  left  camp  at  seven  A.  M.,  the  division  in  rear  of  cavalry  train.  A 
swamp  at  Buffalo  Creek  delayed  the  train,  and  it  was  midnight  before 
the  wagons  all  got  over.  27th,  left  camp  at  seven,  A.  M.;  crossing  the 
swamp,  marched  three  miles  to  Scragg  Creek  Swamp,  passing  through 
Sandersville  at  one  P.  M.,  and  thence  southeast,  striking  the  Macon  and 
Savannah  Railroad  and  encamping.  28th,  left  camp  at  eight  A.  M.,  and  at 
Davidsboro  Station  came  up  with  the  Twentieth  Corps,  engaged  in  tear- 
ing up  the  road."  On  the  21st  of  December,  the  regiment  entered  Savan- 
nah, the  enemy  having  retired  without  offering  serious  opposition.  After 
its  occupation  the  regiment  went  into  camp  a  few  miles  from  the  city, 
where  supplies  of  clothing  were  issued,  and  where  it  rested  for  a  month. 

On  the  18th  of  January,  1865,  the  regiment  broke  camp,  and  passing 
through  the  city,  started  with  the  army  on  the  march  north  through  the 
Carolinas.  On  approaching  the  Black  River,  on  the  15th  of  March,  it  was 
ascertained  that  the  enemy  in  force  under  Hardee  was  in  front.  Three 
days  later  a  part  of  the  Twentieth  Corps  had  an  engagement  at  Swiss 
Farm,  the  First  Division  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps  being  in  line,  but  not 
engaged.  On  the  morning  of  the  19th  the  division,  the  Third  Brigade  in 
advance,  moved  for  Goldsboro.  Skirmishing  began  soon  after  leaving 
camp,  and  the  line  of  battle  was  formed  as  the  troops  came  up.  The 
enemy  was  found  in  position  and  soon  opened  briskly.  The  Seventy- 
ninth  was  posted  in  support  of  the  First  Division  Battery,  but  was  soon 
ordered  away,  three  of  its  number  being  wounded  as  it  passed.  A  line  of 
works  was  hastily  thrown  up  and  a  charge  ordered  to  develop  the  enemy's 
strength.  The  Seventy-ninth  was  of  the  charging  column.  It  moved 
boldly  up  to  within  thirty  yards  of  the  rebel  works,  when  receiving  a 
murderous  fire,  and  the  supporting  regiment  giving  way,  it  was  forced 
to  yield.  The  charge  had  been  made  along  the  entire  line,  but  was  re- 
pulsed at  every  point,  with  heavy  loss.  Soon  after,  the  division  was 
flanked,  and  the  rebels  swarming  in  behind  the  works  drove  regiment 
after  regiment  towards  the  right.  The  Seventy-ninth  held  the  extreme 
right  of  the  division,  and  the  e«nemy  now  in  flank  and  rear  had  reached 
the  line  of  the  brigade.  Quickly  changing  front  to  meet  the  advancing 
foe,  the  regiment  charged,  encountering  a  terrific  fire.  By  hard  fighting 
the  brigade  held  the  ground  until  the  troops  in  rear  had  thrown  up  breast- 
works, when  it  retired.  During  the  night  the  works  were  strengthened 
and  securely  established.  In  this  engagement,  known  as  the  battle  of 


250  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Bentonville,  the  loss  was  thirteen  killed  and  forty-six  wounded.  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Miles,  in  command  of  the  brigade,  was  among  the  wounded. 
On  the  22d  the  command  moved  on  to  Goldsboro,  where  the  regiment  re- 
ceived two  hundred  recruits.  From  Goldsboro  it  moved  to  Raleigh,  and 
thence  to  Martha's  Vineyard,  where  it  was  encamped  when  news  was  re- 
ceived that  General  Johnston  had  surrendered,  and  the  war  was  prac- 
tically at  an  end.  At  quick  step  and  with  light  hearts,  the  division 
marched  via  Richmond  to  the  neighborhood  of  Washington,  where,  on  the 
12th  of  July,  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF 

109TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY*f 

EARLY  in  December,  1861,  recruiting  for  this  regiment  was  com- 
menced, under  the  direction  of  Henry  J.  Stainrook,  a  citizen  of 
Chester  county.  Headquarters  and  Barracks  were  established  on 
Chestnut  street,  Philadelphia,  opposite  the  State  House,  and  with  the  ex- 
ception of  two  companies,  the  regiment  was  recruited  in  that  city.  It 
was  organized  with  the  following  field  officers,  their  commissions  dating 
from  November  8,  1861:  Henry  J.  Stainrook,  Colonel;  Charles  M.  Harris, 
Lieutenant  Colonel;  William  A.  Gray,  Major.  On  the  28th  of  March,  1862, 
it  went  into  camp  at  Oxford  Park,  and  eight  days  thereafter  removed  to 
Nicetown.  On  the  9th  of  May  a  set  of  colors  was  presented  at  the  hands 
of  ex-Governor  Pollock,  and  on  the  following  day  it  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington. The  State  arms  were  here  exchanged  for  Belgian  rifles,  and  drill 
and  discipline  were  studiously  prosecuted.  On  the  24th  of  May,  the 
enemy  having  gained  the  battle  of  McDowell  a  few  days  previous,  and 
now  concentrating  in  the  upper  Shenandoah  Valley,  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  Harper's  Ferry,  to  the  support  of  Banks,  and  was  posted  on 
Bolivar  Heights,  pickets  being  thrown  out  as  far  as  the  village  of  Hall- 
town.  Stragglers  from  the  front  soon  made  their  appearance,  followed 
by  the  trains  and  entire  force  of  Banks,  set  upon  and  closely  pursued  by 
Jackson  in  vastly  superior  numbers.  On  the  29th  the  enemy  made  his  ap- 
pearance on  the  regiment's  front,  and  the  first  hostile  shots  were  heard, 
the  roar  of  artillery  awakening  echoes  across  the  mountain  streams.  At 
night  the  regiment  was  withdrawn  from*  the  Virginia  shore. 

Without  crossing  the  Potomac,  or  pausing  on  reaching  it,  Jackson 
rapidly  retraced  his  steps  and  made  the  best  of  his  way  to  join  Lee  before 
Richmond.  Banks  followed,  and  finding  that  his  adversary  had  escaped, 

•Extract  from  Bates'   History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
tHave   not  yet  erected   monument   on  field. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  251 

crossed  the  Blue  Ridge,  into  the  valley  of  Virginia.  In  the  meantime,  the 
One  Hundred  and  Ninth  had  been  assigned  to  the  Second  Brigade,*  Sec- 
ond Division,  of  Banks'  Corps,  subsequently  the  Second  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  commanded  by  General  Pope. 

At  the  opening  of  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountains,  on  the  9th  of  August, 
where  Jackson,  with  the  advance  of  the  rebel  army  after  his  return  from 
the  Richmond  front,  attacked  the  corps  of  Banks,  the  One  hundred  and 
ninth  was  near  Culpepper  Court  House,  marching  towards  the  field,  to 
the  sound  of  the  enemy's  guns,  having  been  until  after  midnight  upon  the 
march.  The  firing  had  died  away  as  it  neared  the  battle  ground,  and  upon 
emerging  from  the  wood  which  skirts  the  road,  filed  suddenly  to  the  left 
into  the  open  fields.  On  the  brow  of  a  hill,  three  hundred  yards  in  front, 
Knap's  Battery  was  stationed,  and  towards  this  the  regiment  was  rapidly 
led  and  was  posted  a  few  paces  in  its  rear.  As  the  men  came  into  line 
they  were  ordered  to  lie  down.  Scarcely  had  the  last  man  got  his  place 
when  the  enemy  opened  with  heavy  artillery,  planted  upon  the  breast  of 
Slaughter  Mountain,  nearly  a  mile  away.  Knap's  Battery  was  the  target 
at  which  he  aimed.  At  first  the  enemy's  shells  passed  over  and  struck 
in  the  woods  beyond,  but  soon  he  got  the  range  and  the  terrible  missiles 
began  to  burst  in  the  very  midst  of  the  artillerists  and  their  supports.  At 
this  juncture  the  word  "forward"  was  given,  and  springing  to  their 
feet  the  command  moved  rapidly  but  in  well  dressed  lines  to  the  brow 
of  the  hill.  In  front  was  an  open  field,  and  beyond,  tall  corn,  in  which 
the  enemy's  infantry  was  concealed.  Breasting  the  fire  of  infantry  and 
artillery,  now  fairly  directed  upon  it,  the  regiment  dashed  down  across 
the  open  ground,  scaled  the  fence  which  skirted  it,  and  entered  the  corn. 
It  now  opened  fire,  and  its  rapid  volleys  told  fearfully  upon  the  masses 
of  the  foe  in  its  front.  For  two  hours  the  battle  raged  with  unabated 
fury,  but  finally,  just  as  night  was  closing  in,  the  enemy  was  able  to 
bring  up  fresh  forces  in  overwhelming  numbers,  outflanking  and  forcing 
back  the  Union  line.  The  regiment  held  its  position  until  it  received  a  vol- 
ley from  its  right  flank,  which  told  too  plainly  that  the  enemy  was  gain- 
ing its  rear,  when  the  order  to  retire  was  given.  It  entered  the  engage- 
ment with  about  three  hundred  and  fifty,  rank  and  file,  and  of  these 
nearly  one-half  were  either  killed,  captured,  or  wounded.  Colonel  Stain- 
rook  was  among  the  wounded.  "The  brigades  of  Generals  Geary  and 
General  Prince,"  says  an  eye  witness,  "fought  with  the  most  desperate 
courage.  There  was  no  running,  shirking,  or  skulking  whatever.  I  saw 
them  as  they  went  into  the  battle,  and  saw  their  ranks,  thinned  and 
bleeding,  return.  Truly  has  the  spot  where  lie  so  many  dead  and  wounded 
been  called  Slaughter  Mountain."! 

At  evening  Sigel's  Corps  came  upon  the  field,  but  during  the  night  the 

•Organization  of  Prince's  Brigade,  Augur's  Division,  Banks'  Corps.  Battalions  of 
Eighth  and  Tenth  Regrulars,  Captain  Pritchard;  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  M.  Schlaudecker;  Third  regiment  Maryland  Vol- 
unteers, Colonel  Stephen  W.  Downey:  One  Hundred  and  Ninth  Regiment  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,  Colonel  Henry  J.  Stalnrook. 

tMoore's  Rebellion  Record,  Vol.  V,  page  >27,   Docs. 
17 


252  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

enemy  withdrew.  Pope,  however,  soon  discovered  that  the  whole  body  of 
the  rebel  army  was  concentrating  in  his  front,  and  he  accordingly  fell 
back  across  the  Rappahannock,  and  at  the  fords  posted  strong  guards, 
which  for  several  days  successfully  disputed  the  passage,  the  fire  of  artil- 
lery from  the  opposite  banks  being  almost  continuous  and  very  heavy. 
But  the  enemy,  moving  on  up  the  stream,  turned  Pope's  right  flank,  Jack- 
son marching  around  by  Thoroughfare  Gap  and  coming  in  upon  his  rear 
at  Manassas  Junction,  compelling  him  to  fall  back  rapidly.  In  this  move- 
ment the  impedimenta  of  the  entire  army  were  committed  to  the  care 
of  Banks'  Corps,  and  while  the  battles  at  Bull  Run  were  being  fought, 
his  troops  were  busy  in  saving  the  immense  trains,  and  in  destroying  such 
of  the  stoies  as  could  not  be  got  away.  This  duty  required  the  utmost 
vigilance,  and  night  and  day  the  weary  troops  were  kept  at  their  posts 
and  goaded  to  watchfulness.  By  the  1st  of  September  the  command  had 
reached  the  fortifications  at  Alexandria.  Resting  here  until  the  5th,  the 
brigade,  now  under  command  of  Colonel  Stainrook,  Captain  Seymour  lead- 
ing the  regiment,  marched  through  Washington  and  entered  on  the  Mary- 
land campaign,  reaching  Frederick  on  the  13th.  In  the  battles  of  South 
Mountain  and  Antietam  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  did  not  actively  en- 
gage, being  still  held  for  duty  with  the  trains. 

Immediately  after  the  withdrawal  of  the  rebel  army,  the  division,  to  the 
command  of  which  General  Geary  had  been  assigned,  crossed  to  Loudon 
Heights,  where  it  went  Into  camp,  and  with  the  exception  of  an  expedition 
to  Leesburg,  on  the  21st  of  October,  and  an  occasional  reconnoissance,  it 
remained  here  until  the  movement  of  the  army  into  Virginia.  After  the 
death  of  General  Mansfield,  who  fell  at  Antietam,  the  Second  Corps,  which 
he  had  commanded,  was  re-organized,  and  from  part  of  it  the  Twelfth 
Corps  was  formed,  to  the  command  of  which  General  Slocum  was  as- 
signed, the  One  hundred  and  ninth  forming  part  of  Greene's  Brigade  of 
Geary's  Division.  When  McClellan,  with  the  main  body,  moved  south, 
through  Virginia,  the  Twelfth  Corps  was  left  to  garrison  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  Geary's  Division  was  moved  across  the  Shenandoah  River  and  en- 
camped on  Bolivar  Heights.  On  the  2d  of  December,  the  division  moved 
upon  Winchester,  and  met  and  defeated  the  enemy  under  Jones. 

On  the  9th,  upon  the  eve  of  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  the  corps 
moved  by  forced  marches  towards  the  front,  and  on  the  17th,  after  great 
suffering  from  the  inclemency  of  the  weather  and  in  crossing  swollen 
streams,  reached  Dumfries.  Here  intelligence  of  the  army,  broken  and 
dispirited  from  the  gory  field  of  Fredericksburg,  was  received,  and  the 
corps  immediately  turned  back  to  Fairfax,  where  it  went  into  camp.  As 
soon  as  settled,  General  Greene,  who  was  a  strict  disciplinarian,  com- 
menced in  earnest,  brigade  drill,  and  daily,  when  the  weather  would  per- 
mit, officers  labored  industriously  to  bring  their  commands  to  a  high 
state  of  efficiency.  On  the  20th  of  January,  1863,  the  regiment  again 
moved  In  hostile  array,  on  Burnside's  second  campaign,  but  beyond  ex- 
periencing great  suffering  from  the  inclemency  of  weather,  it  met  nv 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  253 

enemy,  and  on  its  return  proceeded  to  Acquia  Landing,  the  base  of  supply 
of  the  army,  where  it  was  employed  on  severe  fatigue  duty. 

General  Hooker  succeeded  General  Burnside  in  command  of  the  army, 
and  in  the  re-organization  which  he  effected,  the  One  hundred  and  ninth 
was  assigned  to  i>  brigade  in  which  were  the  Twenty-ninth,  One  hundred 
and  eleventh,  One  hundred  and  twenty-fourth,  and  One  hundred  and 
twenty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Regiments,  General  Kane — rendered  famous 
by  his  command  of  the  Bucktails — being  assigned  to  its  leadership.  On 
the  27th  of  April,  the  regiment  broke  camp  at  the  Landing,  and  moved 
with  the  brigade  on  the  Chancellorsville  campaign,  crossing  the  Rappa- 
hannock  at  Kelly's,  and  the  Rapidan  at  Germania  Ford,  meeting  the  skir- 
mishers of  the  rebel  General  Anderson's  command  as  it  wended  its  way 
through  the  low  tangled  woods,  and  arriving  at  the  open  ground  about 
the  Chancellor  House  at  four  on  the  afternoon  of  the  30th.  The  proper 
disposition  of  the  troops  was  at  once  made,  the  division  being  posted  in  the 
young  forest  in  front  of  the  mansion,  and  facing  south.  At  dark  the  ad- 
vance of  the  enemy  arrived  in  front  and  opened  a  skirmish  fire. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  May,  the  division  was  put  in  motion, 
Kane's  Brigade  moving  south  a  mile  on  the  United  States  Ford  Road, 
where  it  made  a  sharp  turn  to  the  right,  and  leaving  knapsacks,  was 
quickly  formed  and  advanced  into  the  woods  to  the  south  of  the  road. 
In  the  meantime,  the  battle  had  been  raging  on  the  left,  and  towards 
evening  orders  were  received  for  the  brigade  to  retire.  Moving  back  to 
the  road  in  its  rear,  it  again  went  into  position  behind  a  pile  of  cord  wood 
stretching  along  the  way.  The  order  to  retire  to  the  position  of  the  morn- 
ing was  repeated,  and  as  it  went  back  the  enemy  came  in  upon  its  right 
flank,  endangering,  for  the  moment,  its  way  of  retreat.  It  received  sev- 
eral volleys,  but  succeeded  in  reaching  its  position  in  line.  At  evening 
skirmishers  were  thrown  out,  and  all  night  long  was  heard  the  sound  of 
marching  troops  on  their  front,  moving  from  left  to  right.  At  four 
o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  the  2d  the  division  was  ordered  to  advance, 
and  leaping  the  breast-works,  crossed  the  open  ground  in  front.  As  it  ap- 
proached the  wood  beyond  it  was  suddenly  assailed  by  a  hot  fire  of  mus- 
ketry and  artillery,  the  enemy  being  well  established  in  breast-works 
upon  the  crest  but  fifty  yards  distant.  Taking  position  along  the  edge  of 
the  woods  his  fire  was  returned,  and  for  half  an  hour  the  unequal  contest 
was  maintained,  when  it  was  again  recalled  to  the  breast-works.  A 
strong  line  of  skirmishers  was  kept  well  out  in  front,  which  was  sorely 
annoyed  by  a  battery  which  the  enemy  brought  up  and  posted  so  as  to 
rake  the  skirmish  ground.  The  night  was  one  of  wild  commotion,  the 
roar  of  battle  rising  at  times  to  a  perfect  tornado.  Early  in  the  evening 
Stonewall  Jackson  had  fallen  upon  the  right  flank  of  the  Eleventh  Corps, 
driving  it  in  rout,  and  had  only  been  checked  by  double  shotted  charges 
of  artillery,  delivered  from  forty  pieces  most  favorably  and  opportunely 
massed  in  a  field  a  little  to  the  right  of  where  the  regiment  lay,  and 
later  in  the  night  Berry's  Brigade  of  the  Third  Corps  had  routed  the 
enemy  from  breast-works,  lost  In  the  evening.  At  nine  P.  M.,  the 


264  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

brigade  was  moved  from  the  position  which  it  had  held  for  fifty  hours, 
farther  to  the  right,  facing  the  west.  Until  noon  of  the  3d,  the  men 
hugged  the  breast-works,  kept  In  nervous  excitement  in  the  momentary 
expectation  of  an  attack,  the  fire  of  artillery  and  of  the  sharpshooters 
being  constant.  At  a  little  past  noon  the  enemy  began  to  press  upon 
the  loft  flank,  endangering  the  integrity  of  the  command,  pressing  at  the 
same  time  upon  the  front.  The  order  was  accordingly  given  to  retire, 
but  at  this  instant  a  rebel  sharpshooter,  not  twenty  paces  distant,  shot 
and  instantly  killed  Colonel  Stainrook.  Lieutenant  Kidney,  of  Company 
G,  who  had  witnessed  the  act,  seizing  a  musket  and  skilfully  awaiting 
his  opportunity,  sent  a  bullet  in  reply  which  effectually  silenced  the 
sharpshooter's  fire.  Retiring  along  the  trenches  to  the  rear  of  the 
artillery,  under  a  murderous  fire,  the  brigade  took  position  on  the  left 
of  the  new  line,  facing  to  the  east,  where  it  was  at  once  set  to  work 
building  breast-works,  and  where,  with  slight  changes,  it  remained 
to  the  close  of  the  battle.  On  the  night  of  the  6th,  the  army  retired  from 
the  contest,  and  the  brigade  returned  to  its  camp  at  Acquia  Landing.  In 
addition  to  the  Colonel  killed,  Lieutenant  Charles  W.  Norris  was  mortally 
wounded,  the  regiment  suffering  otherwise  severely. 

Lee  having  repulsed  the  Union  army  in  its  advance  upon  him  at  Chan- 
cellorsville,  elated  by  his  success,  early  in  June  put  his  legions  in  mo- 
tion northward.  Hooker  followed,  and  the  two  armies  met  at  Gettysburg, 
Meade  having  succeeded  Hooker  in  the  meantime.  The  Twelfth  Corps 
reached  Littlestown  on  the  evening  of  the  30th  of  June,  where  a  small 
body  of  the  enemy  was  encountered,  who  rapidly  retreated.  On  the 
morning  of  the  1st,  the  columns  moved  forward,  and,  while  resting  by 
the  way,  the  dull  sound  of  distant  battle  was  borne  upon  the  sultry 
noontide  air.  The  march  was  hurriedly  resumed,  and  at  the  moment 
when  the  broken  lines  of  the  First  and  Second  Corps  were  coming  into 
position  on  Cemetery  Hill,  the  head  of  the  column  came  in  sight  of 
the  field,  the  sulphurous  smoke  hanging  heavy  over  all  the  valley.  Filing 
to  the  left,  the  division  moved  over  to  the  neighborhood  of  Round  Top, 
the  brigade  resting  at  night  upon  an  eminence  overlooking  the  field. 
General  Kane,  who  had  been  absent  since  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville 
on  account  of  wounds,  returned  the  day  previous,  and,  although  still 
unable  to  sit  his  horse,  assumed  command.  At  nine  o'clock  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  2d,  the  division  was  ordered  to  move  from  the  left  to  the  centre, 
and  later  to  the  extreme  right  of  the  line,  at  Gulp's  Hill.  As  it  went,  a 
battery  passed  the  column  going  to  the  rear,  the  begrimmed  gunner  cry- 
ing out  as  he  went  "Give  it  to  them  boys!  We  have  come  from  the 
front;  we  would  not  be  here,  but  our  pieces  are  now  too  hot  to  use." 
Along  the  brow  of  Gulp's  Hill  a  heavy  breastwork  was  thrown  up,  its 
line  conforming  to  the  rugged  ground,  the  men  cutting  the  heavy  timber 
and  bringing  it  into  position,  and  filling  the  interstices  with  broken  stone 
and  earth  with  a  hearty  good  will.  The  brigade  held  the  extreme  right 
of  the  division.  The  enemy  was  now  in  its  front,  but,  as  yet,  had  made 
no  demonstrations.  Just  at  dark  General  Geary  was  ordered  to  move, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  255 

with  two  brigades,  to  the  left,  to  the  relief  of  the  Third  Corps.  The  First 
and  Second  Brigades  were  taken.  Before  they  had  reached  the  menaced 
lines  the  fighting  was  over,  and  Geary  was  accordingly  ordered  to  re- 
turn. Crossing  the  Baltimore  Pike  and  moving  rapidly  over  the  fields  to- 
wards the  works  which  they  had  left,  the  lines  were  approaching  the 
edge  of  the  woods,  when  a  stentorian  voice  from  the  opposite  side  of  the 
stone  wall  called  out  "Who  comes  there?"  "The  One  hundred  and  ninth," 
was  the  reply.  The  response  was  hardly  uttered,  when  a  terrible  fire  of 
musketry  was  opened  upon  the  command.  Dropping  upon  the  ground 
until  the  first  volley  had  passed,  the  troops  rapidly  retired  to  the  pike, 
and  moving  in  above,  approached  by  the  rear  of  the  brigade  which  had 
been  left,  when  it  was  ascertained  that  the  enemy  had  broken  through 
on  the  right,  and  was  now  holding  the  works  which  the  First  and  Second 
Brigades  had  vacated.  General  Geary  immediately  brought  his  men 
into  line,  nearly  at  right  angles  to  his  former  works,  the  enemy  bring- 
ing up  his  men  and  making  his  front  conform  to  the  new  position.  The 
fire  of  musketry  sprang  up  fitfully  during  the  night,  and  at  break  of  day 
opened  and  flamed  out  with  violence  all  along  the  line.  The  One  hun- 
dred and  ninth  fortunately  had  a  sheltered  position  behind  sheltering 
rocks,  and  pausing  for  deliberate  aim,  sent  its  missiles  with  deadly  effect. 
"By  nine  o'clock,"  says  a  member*  of  the  command,  "our  ammunition  was 
being  used  up  at  a  fearful  rate.  Several  had  been  killed  and  wounded 
in  our  vicinity.  The  ground  in  front  of  Company  A  was  more  sloping 
than  on  other  parts  of  the  line,  so  that  in  order  to  get  a  good  shot  we 
were  obliged  to  run  out  in  advance  of  the  rest  behind  a  large  tree,  and 
await  an  opportunity,  which  constantly  offered,  to  shoot  rebels.  This 
tree  was  in  constant  use  by  our  company,  each  taking  his  turn  at  skir- 
mishing. When  one  had  discharged  his  piece  and  run  back,  another  ran 
forward  to  occupy  his  place.  This  tree  shortly  becarrfe  a  mark  for  the 
rebels,  and  the  face  towards  them  soon  became  stripped  of  its  bark  by 
the  constant  battering  it  got."  To  crush  the  Union  right  and  take  the 
line  in  reverse  was  the  daring  purpose  of  the  rebel  leader.  Johnson, 
who  commanded  Jackson's  old  division,  was  ordered  to  form  and  charge 
Geary.  Gallantly  that  veteran  legion  came  forward,  and  met  for  a  time, 
unflinching,  the  fiery  blast  that  swept  it.  On  it  came  within  twenty  yards 
of  the  Union  line,  still  confident  of  success,  but  here  so  fearful  was  the 
shock  that  it  could  go  no  further,  and,  thinned  and  broken,  it  fell  back 
behind  its  breast-works,  receiving  a  hot  flank  fire  from  the  First-Divi- 
sion as  it  went.  "Then  did  the  shouts  of  victory  resound,"  says  the  sol- 
dier above  quoted,  "and  echo  from  all  parts  of  the  line  on  the  right  flank, 
telling  our  comrades  miles  away  of  the  result  and  Lee's  discomfiture. 
Men  cheered  themselves  hoarse,  laughed,  rolled  themselves  upon  the 
ground,  and  threw  their  caps  high  in  air,  while  others  shook  hands  with 

•August  E.  Zeitter,  M.  D.,  who  served  in  this  regiment  throughout  the  entire  term  of 
service,  has  prepared  a  volume  devoted  to  its  history,  of  some  eight  hundred  manu- 
script pages,  illustrated  with  nuivercus  well  executed  maps,  from  which  I  have  been 
kindly  permitted  by  the  author  to  draw  many  of  the  facts  contained  in  the  above  nar- 
rative. 


256  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

comrades  and  thanked  God  that  the  Star  Corps  had  again  triumphed." 
Geary,  elated  by  the  success  in  this  terrible  encounter,  ordered  a  counter- 
charge, swept  the  enemy  back  and  regained  his  stolen  works.  The  One 
hundred  and  ninth,  in  the  meantime,  had  been  relieved,  and  was  re- 
posing in  a  grove  a  short  distance  to  the  rear,  when  the  terrible  artillery 
duel  of  the  two  entire  armies  opened,  the  shells  and  solid  shots  falling  in 
rapid  succession  among  the  men,  and  obliging  them  to  take  refuge  be- 
hind the  rocks  near  by  until  again  recalled  to  the  breast-works  on  the 
right  of  the  division.  Early  on  the  morning  of  the  5th*  it  was  discovered 
that  the  enemy  was  gone  and  that  the  victory  was  complete. 

After  the  close  of  the  Gettysburg  campaign,  and  the  return  of  the 
army  to  Virginia,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps,  under  command  of 
General  Hooker,  were  detached  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  sent 
west,  to  the  relief  of  Rosecrans'  Army,  cooped  up  in  a  precarious  con- 
dition at  Chattanooga.  Starting  from  Brandy  Station  on  the  28th  of 
September,  the  regiment  proceeded  to  Washington,  and  thence,  by  the 
Baltimore  and  Ohio  and  connecting  roads,  through  Columbus,  Indiana- 
polis, and  Louisville,  to  Nashville.  Here  its  course  was  impeded  by  rebel 
cavalry,  which  was  hovering  in  great  numbers  upon  the  line  of  railway 
south,  by  which  men  and  stores  were  forwarded.  Pausing  and  fortifying 
by  the  way  to  secure  protection  to  the  road,  it  finally  reached  Stevenson, 
Alabama,  on  the  25th  of  October.  Here,  it  commenced  the  march  up  the 
Tennessee  River  towards  Chattanooga.  The  presence  of  the  enemy 
soon  began  to  be  felt.  At  Bridgeport  the  knapsacks  were  revised  and 
four  days'  rations  and  twenty  extra  rounds  of  ammunition  supplied.  On 
the  evening  of  the  28th  a  part  of  the  division,  under  the  immediate  com- 
mand of  General  Geary,  reached  Wauhatchie  Junction,  a  point  of  vital 
consequence  to  the  Union  army,  as  on  its  possession  depended  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  two  main  lines  of  supply.  On  the  right  flowed  Lookout 
Creek,  and  from  its  right  bank  rises  Lookout  Mountain,  an  abrupt  ridge, 
terminating  on  the  north  at  the  Tennessee  River,  near  Chattanooga.  On 

*"\Ve  awoke  early  on  the  5th,"  says  Zeitter,  "as  we  had  on  the  three  preceding  morn- 
Inss,  and  discovered  that  the  foe  had  disappeared  from  our  front.  A  number  of  us  im- 
mediately sprang  over  the  breast- works  and  descended  the  hill  towards  the  creek.  Be- 
fore advancing  many  paces  we  came  upon  numberless  forms  clad  in  grey,  either  stark 
and  stiff  or  else  still  weltering  in  their  blood.  It  was  the  most  sickening  and  horrible 
sight  I  had  yet  witnessed.  Many  of  the  dead  bodies  had  lain  here  for  twenty-four  hours, 
and  had  turned  to  a  purplish  black,  being' greatly  distended  and  emitting  a  horrible 
stench.  Turning  whichever  way  we  chose  the  eye  rested  upon  human  forms,  lying  In  all 
imaginable  positions,  some  upon  their  backs,  others  upon  their  faces,  and  others  still 
upon  their  knees,  the  body  supported  against  a  rock.  Not  a  few  were  killed  while  in 
readiness  to  discharge  their  pieces,  the  bodies  still  in  position.  Some  of  them  had  erected 
a  slight  protection  of  stone  against  the  front  and  right  flank  fire,  yet  the  fatal  bullet 
reached  them  even  there.  We  were  surprised  at  the  accuracy,  as  well  as  the  bloody  re- 
sults of  our  fire.  It  was  Indeed  dreadful  to  witness.  Further  down  the  hill  we  found 
Major  Lelght,  Assistant  Adjutant  General  on  Ewell's  staff,  dead  as  well  as  his  horse, 
which  lay  partly  upon  him.  One  of  the  rebel  wounded  informed  us  that  he  had  been 
killed  while  superintending  one  of  the  advances  made  against  us  during  the  night.  We 
turned  from  the  sickening  spectacle  of  the  dead  to  the  wounded,  of  whom  there  were 
many,  all  helpless,  those  who  could  be  having  already  been  removed.  To  these  we  gave 
the  contents  of  our  canteens.  Their  haversacks  were  better  filled  than  our  own,  for 
they  had  good  bacon  and  pork,  which  they  had  foraged  from  the  farmers  of  the  Cum- 
berland Valley." 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  257 

its  summit  could  be  distinctly  seen  the  rebel  signal  flags,  and  after  dark 
the  colored  lights  from  his  signal  station.  The  command  went  into 
bivouac  for  the  night  in  a  wood  near  the  station.  At  eleven  o'clock  P. 
M.,  the  camp  was  startled  by  the  sound  of  rapid  musketry  firing  from 
the  direction  of  the  creek.  Muskets  were  grasped  and  the  men  fell  rapidly 
into  line,  but  the  firing  soon  ceased  and  quiet  again  reigned  in  the  camp. 
Scarcely  an  hour  had  passed  when  the  stillness  was  again  broken  by  the 
crash  of  musketry,  the  enemy  having  crossed  Lookout  Creek  in  heavy 
force  for  a  night  attack,  and  now  encountering  the  picket-guard  of  the 
Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  posted  in  the  direction  of  the  bridge.  About 
fifty  feet  from  a  farm  house  near  by,  was  a  fence,  running  at  right  angles 
with  the  railroad,  and  behind  this,  with  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh 
on  its  right,  the  regiment  took  position,  connecting  on  the  left  with  the 
fragment  of  General  Greene's  Brigade  present.  The  men  were  hardly  in 
position  when  the  pickets  of  the  Twenty-ninth  were  driven,  who  re- 
ported the"  enemy's  strong  lines  advancing  close  upon  them.  Anxiously 
peering  through  the  darkness,  the  long  dusky  lines  were  described  mov- 
ing slowly  forward.  "Steady,  steady!"  "Come  out  on  the  centre,"  rang 
out  from  a  rebel  leader's  voice.  "Forward,"  he  again  commanded.  The 
men,  who  had  thus  far  lain  for  the  most  part  upon  the  ground,  could  be 
restrained  no  longer,  and  opened  a  rapid  fire.  The  enemy  answered  and 
with  a  wild  scream  came  rushing  on,  but  their  impetuosity  was  soon 
checked.  Knap's  Battery  was  with  the  command,  but  for  nearly  ten 
minutes  was  the  musketry  fire  kept  up  before  it  opened.  Finally  a 
bright  flash,  followed  by  a  heavy  explosion,  gave  assurance  that  this 
faithful  ally  was  not  wanting  in  the  hour  of  peril.  Nearer  and  nearer 
came  the  enemy,  his  fire  being  directed  upon  the  battery,  and  his  best 
efforts  given  to  capturing  it.  Lieutenant  Geary  and  many  of  the  men 
were  killed,  and  a  large  number  of  the  horses  killed  or  disabled,  but  the 
guns  were  steadfastly  defended,  the  ground  in  the  front  being  held  by 
the  One  hundred  and  ninth  and  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  the  missiles 
flying  over  the  heads  of  the  men.  Foiled  in  front,  the  enemy  advanced 
upon  the  left,  and  gaining  a  position  upon  the  flank,  poured  in  a  fire  that 
was  for  a  time  very  annoying,  but  here  again  he  was  met  and  driven; 
and  now  he  advanced  upon  the  right,  taking  shelter  behind  the  railroad 
embankment.  A  few  shots  from  Knap's  pieces,  which  had  been  moved 
across  the  track  below,  soon  sent  him  flying  in  confusion.  Matched  at 
all  points,  after  three  hours  of  desperate  conflict,  he  finally  yielded  the 
ground  and  betook  himself  to  flight.  The  regiment  lost  in  this  engage- 
ment four  killed  and  thirty  wounded;  Lieutenant  James  Glendening  was 
among  the  killed. 

It  was  soon  after  posted,  with  two  other  regiments  of  the  brigade,  upon 
a  hill  in  front  of,  and  to  the  right  of  Raccoon  Mountain,  facing  Lookout, 
which  it  proceeded  to  fortify.  Soon  afterwards  Captain  Ralston,  who 
had  been  sent  to  Philadelphia  to  bring  in  recruits  and  conscripts,  re- 
turned, and  was  commissioned  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Captain  Gimber  hav- 
ing in  the  meantime  had  command  of  the  regiment.  In  the  battle  of 

17 


258  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Lookout  Mountain,  which  occurred  a  month  later,  the  regiment  did  not 
participate,  being  left  as  guard  to  the  camp.  Early  in  January,  1864,  it 
was  ordered  back  to  Bridgeport  for  guard  duty.  Soon  after  its  arrival  the 
regiment,  almost  to  a  man,  re-enlisted  for  an  additional  term  of  three 
years,  and  on  the  20th  departed  for  Philadelphia  for  a  veteran  furlough. 
Returning  in  April  as  far  as  Louisville,  it  was  ordered  to  Taylor  Bar- 
racks, where  it  remained  about  three  weeks,  and  received,  in  the  mean- 
time, new  Springfield  muskets.  On  the  29th  of  April  it  resumed  the 
journey  to  the  front,  and  rejoined  the  division  on  the  5th  of  May,  forming 
part  of  the  First  Brigade,  commanded  by  Colonel  Buschbeck.  Already 
had  commenced  the  memorable  Atlanta  campaign,  in  which  the  fighting 
was  kept  up  on  some  part  of  the  line,  almost  uninterruptedly,  until  the 
fall  of  the  city.  At  Resaca,  on  the  15th,  the  regiment  came  under  fire, 
and  in  the  operations  in  front  of  a  four  gun  battery,  before  which  a  por- 
tion of  the  Fourteenth  Corps  had  suffered  a  bloody  repulse,  was  en- 
gaged until  the  enemy  was  routed  and  the  guns  captured.  In  the  battle 
of  Dallas  the  regiment  was  on  the  front  line,  where  the  men  were  obliged 
to  take  shelter  behind  trees  and  irregularities  of  ground  to  escape  the 
enemy's  bullets — he  being  well  protected  in  his  breast-works,  from  which 
he  kept  up  a  deliberate  and  fearfully  accurate  fire — and  suffered  severely 
in  killed  and  wounded.  At  three  P.  M.,  on  the  15th  of  June,  the  enemy 
having  been  pushed  into  his  intrenchments  at  Pine  Knob,  the  brigade 
was  formed  for  a  charge,  the  Seventy-third,  One  hundred  and  ninth 
Pennsylvania,  and  One  hundred  and  nineteenth  New  York  on  the  front 
line,  supported  by  the  Thirty-third  New  Jersey.  At  a  steady  pace  and 
well  ordered  front,  with  inspiriting  cheers,  it  moved  upon  the  foe,  covered 
by  a  heavy  breast-work  of  logs  and  earth.  His  skirmishers  were  driven 
in,  and  when  within  range  of  his  muskets  he  opened  with  an  unerring  fire. 
At  the  brow  of  the  hill  on  which  his  works  were  situated  the  line  halted, 
and  dropping  upon  the  ground,  commenced  throwing  up  some  shelter.  At 
five  P.  M.,  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  was  relieved,  but  during  the  two 
hours  it  had  been  under  fire  it  had  lost  from  its  already  thinned  ranks 
forty-six  in  killed  and  wounded.  A  member  of  Company  I  had  nineteen 
bullet  and  buck-shot  marks  upon  his  person,  and  yet  survived  his 
wounds. 

At  Lost  and  Kenesaw  Mountains  the  regiment  was  kept  constantly 
employed  fortifying  and  advancing  the  lines  as  advantages  were  gained, 
the  men  suffering  much  from  the  severe  labor,  under  a  burning  sun,  and 
from  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  skirmishers.  In  the  battle  of  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  on  the  20th  of  July,  the  regiment  occupied  a  position  on  the  right 
of  the  brigade  line,  next  to  Bundy's,  formerly  Wheeler's  Battery,  and 
connecting  with  the  left  of  the  First  Brigade.  The  Impetuosity  of  the 
enemy's  attack  had  not  been  equalled  during  the  campaign.  The  Thirty- 
third  New  Jersey,  which  was  sent  forward  as  skirmishers,  was  swept 
away  by  his  first  onset.  The  guns  of  Bundy's  Battery  did  fearful  execu- 
tion, and  by  them  the  fragment  of  the  regiment  which  was  left  re- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  259 

mained  to  the  last,  and  until  a  complete  victory  was  assured.    Colonel 
Cobham,  in  command  of  the  brigade,  was  killed. 

The  enemy  soon  after  retired  within  the  fortifications  of  the  city  and 
the  siege  commenced.  Gradually  and  securely  the  lines  were  more  closely 
drawn  about  it,  and  on  the  2d  of  September  it  fell.  With  the  victorious 
army  under  Sherman  the  regiment  moved  on  the  march  to  the  sea,  and 
on  the  21st  of  December  entered  Savannah.  Pausing  for  a  month,  Sher- 
man again  started  northward,  through  the  Carolinas,  and  on  the  21st  of 
March,  1865,  after  having  met  and  defeated  the  enemy  at  Averysboro  and 
Bentonville,  reached  Goldsboro.  Near  the  close  of  the  month  the  regi- 
ment was  consolidated  with  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  the  super- 
numerary officers  being  mustered  out  of  service.  On  the  26th,  General 
Johnston  surrendered  to  General  Sherman,  and  the  latter  moved  by  rapid 
marches  to  the  neighborhood  of  Washington,  where,  on  the  19th  of  July, 
with  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  the  command  was  finally  mustered 
out  of  service. 


DEDICATION  OF 

111TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

PALISADES,  LOOKOUT  MOUNT.AIN,  TENN.,  NOVEMBER  ISTH,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  REV.  J.  RICHARDS  BOYLE,  D.  D. 

DEAR  COMRADES  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regiment,  Penn- 
sylvania Veteran  Volunteers: — Eight  years  ago  it  was  my  honor 
arid  privilege  to  address  you  on  the  historic  field  of  Gettysburg.  The 
great  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  her  loyal  munificence,  had  erected  'on  that 
field  a  battle  monument  in  honor  of  each  of  her  battalions  which  took  part 
in  that  crucial  engagement,  and  among  them,  there  stands  one  on  Gulp's 
Hill  that  will  forever  commemorate  the  valor  of  our  One  hundred  and 
eleventh  Regiment.    At  the  unveiling  of  that  shaft  it  was  permitted  to 
many  of  us  to  be  present,  and  it  became  my  high  honor  there  to  speak  for 
the  living  and  the  dead  of  our  old  command. 

Once  again  Pennsylvania  attests  her  fidelity  to  the  service  and  memory 
of  her  patriotic  soldiers,  and  on  this  spot — so  far  removed  from  her  own 
borders,  but  lying  central  in  the  pathway  of  the  civil  war  and  made  mem- 
orable by  the  record  of  vast  and  decisive  military  achievements — our  noble 
State  inscribes  their  deeds  anew  in  granite  and  in  bronze.  And  in  re- 
sponse to  the  call  of  her  chief  executive,  who  has  set  apart  this  day  for 
the  dedication  of  these  monuments,  we,  with  many  other  of  our  comrades, 
have  left  our  homes  and  undertaken  a  long  journey,  in  order  to  share  in 
this  beautiful  and  impressive  ceremony. 


260  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

In  a  recent  letter  to  me  an  honored  survivor  of  our  regiment  says:  "Per- 
haps you  do  not  recall  the  fact  that  the  Twelfth  Corps— of  which  we  were 
members — never  lost  a  color,  or  a  gun!  And  when  merged  into  the  Twen- 
tieth Corps  we  preserved  the  same  grand  record.  We  marched  to  the  final 
review  at  Washington,  carrying  the  same  banners  that  had  waved  above 
our  guns  as  they  thundered  against  the  enemy  upon  the  battlefields  of 
seven  states!" 

I  do  recall  the  fact  that  it  was  ever  the  fortune  of  the  One  hundred 
and  eleventh  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteers  to  be  at  the 
front  and  in  the  thick  of  the  fight.  It  never  did  anything  but  field  ser- 
vice, and  that  service  comprehended  most  of  the  great  campaigns,  and 
very  many  of  the  most  important  battles  of  the  war,  both  in  the  east  and 
the  west.  From  the  day  it  took  the  field  in  May,  1862,  until  It  was 
mustered  out  of  service,  in  July,  1865 — except  when  it  was  enjoying  its 
thirty  days'  veteran  leave  of  absence— it  was  never  absent  from  the  front! 
It  did  its  work  in  Virginia,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  Tennessee,  Alabama. 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  under  Banks  and  McClellan  and  Pope,  under 
Grant  and  Sherman  and  Thomas,  under  Slocum,  and  Hooker  and  Geary, 
under  Greene  and  Cobham  and  Walker,  and  with  all  these  commanders 
and  throughout  this  wide  plain  of  operations,  it  won  steadily  increasing 
honor!  In  but  little  more  than  one  hundred  days  from  the  moment  when 
it  was  expending  one  hundred  and  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition  per  man, 
at  Gettysburg,  in  Pennsylvania,  it  was  fighting  its  midnight  battle  at 
Wauhatchie,  and  scaling  the  rugged  flank  of  Lookout  Mountain  here  in 
Tennessee.  Well  officered,  well  manned,  well  drilled  and  well  seasoned, 
all  fields,  and  all  foes  were  alike  to  it.  It  was  in  the  war  for  service  and  was 
trustworthy  and  true  everywhere.  And  so  it  comes  to  pass  that,  among 
the  battle  monuments  that  are  to-day  to  be  dedicated  to  the  glory  of 
Pennsylvania  troops  in  this- locality,  this  tablet — inscribed  upon  the  lofty 
brow  of  this  historic  mountain — is  unveiled  in  honor  of  our  gallant  old 
rr-giment,  here  to  witness  its  fidelity  and  heroism  while  time  endures,  and 
while  generations  come  and  go.  The  site  of  this  memorial  and  its  fellows 
is  most  appropriate.  They  stand  amid  that  which  is  beautiful  and  im- 
posing in  nature.  Beneath  them  winds  yonder  placid  and  sinuous  river. 
Above  them  towers  one  of  the  most  majestic  mountain  peaks  in  all  the 
south.  About  them,  in  these  valleys,  Is  a  new  and  noble  civilization. 
While,  over  all,  as  the  years  multiply,  flowers  will  bloom,  the  wild  bird 
will  sing,  and  the  fair  skies  will  smile  upon  the  unbroken  peace  which  the 
Union  armies,  a  generation  ago,  helped  here  to  secure. 

Moreover,  these  monuments  are  erected,  not  only  near  the  geographical 
center  of  the  military  operations  of  the  civil  war — they  are  associated  with 
the  central  period  of  our  own  regimental  history.  The  record  of  our  regi- 
ment's service  is  divisible  into  two  nearly  equal  parts.  The  first  period 
was  spent  in  Virginia,  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  is  lustrous  with 
its  stories  of  Cedar  Mountain,  Antietam,  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg, 
and  many  less  important  engagements.  But  it  closed  with  the  resolute 
work  done  on  Gulp's  Hill  on  July  3,  1863.  A  new,  distinct,  and  unexpected 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  261 

career  opened  to  it  in  this  place.  Here  you  first  met  in  generous  com- 
radeship our  western  soldiers,  and  proved  your  prowess  before  them. 
Here  you  re-en.listed  as  a  regiment  for  the  war,  and  received  from  the 
general  government  the  honorable  title  of  Veteran  Volunteers.  Here 
you  bore  active  part  in  those  great  movements  that  turned  disaster  to 
victory,  and  led  the  way  to  the  final  epoch  of  the  great  struggle.  And  from 
hence  you  marched  forth  through  the  very  heart  of  the  hostile  con- 
federacy, to  Dalton,  Resaca,  Kenesaw  and  Atlanta,  to  plant  your  battle- 
scarred  colors  upon  the  town  hall  of  the  Gate  City;  and  still  onward  "from 
Atlanta  to  the  Sea,"  and  thence  onward  once  again  to  Raleigh  and  Wash- 
ington, thus  making  the  most  brilliant  military  march  of  modern  history.- 
Perhaps  nowhere  else  in  all  the  widely  extended  field  of  your  military 
service  could  such  a  memorial  more  fittingly  celebrate  your  work  than 
here,  where,  from  your  honorable  eastern  career  you  nerved  your  hearts 
for  the  still  more  creditable  achievements  which  were  to  follow.  This 
tablet  occupies  the  very  water- shed  of  your  history,  whence  its  earlier  and 
later  events  lie  open  and  in  view. 

THE   CHATTANOOGA  CAMPAIGN. 

The  year  1863  will  ever  be  memorable  in  the  history  of  the  war  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union.  It  marked  the  high  tide  of  the  rebellion  and 
the  recession  of  its  threatening  waves  from  the  citadel  of  our  national 
liberties.  Three  great  decisive  campaigns  turned  the  scale  of  conflict — 
Gettysburg,  Vicksburg  and  Chattanooga— and  it  is  to  the  latter  of  these 
that  our  thoughts  turn  to-day. 

The  campaign  about  Chattanooga,  in  the  autumn  of  that  glorious  year, 
was  the  brilliant  sequel  to  a  most  serious  military  reverse.  The  Army  of 
the  Cumberland,  under  General  Rosecrans,  had  just  met  with  its  only 
disaster  at  Chickamauga.  After  defeating  Bragg  at  Stone  _River,  and 
flanking  him  out  of  the  Cumberland  Mountains  and  forcing  him  south 
to  the  Tennessee  .River,  it  had  found  him  re-enforced  by  Longstreet's 
Corps  from  Virginia,  in  the  rough  and  heavily  wooded  region  of  Chicka- 
mauga Creek,  a  few  miles  south  of  Chattanooga.  Here  on  the  19th  and 
20th  of  September  it  encountered  him  in  desperate  battle.  Longstreet — 
the  fierce  warhorse  of  the  southern  army — declares  that  battle  to  rank 
fifth  in  magnitude  and  loss  of  all  the  engagements  of  the  war.  Sixty 
thousand  men  were  engaged  on  each  side  and  in  both  armies  there  were 
more  than  four  hundred  pieces  of  artillery.  The  fighting  was  mostly  at 
close  range,  and  in  unprotected  line,  and  the  losses  aggregated  the  enor- 
mous total  of  over  thirty-four  thousand  men,  or  nearly  thirty-three  per 
cent,  of  all  who  were  in  action.  A  score  of  Union  regiments  lost  about 
fifty  per  cent.,  several  southern  regiments  lost  over  sixty  per  cent.,  and 
Longstreet's  own  corps,  in  two  hours,  lost  nearly  forty-four  per  cent,  of 
its  total  strength.  The  commanders  of  both  armies  left  the  field  before 
the  battle  ended,  Rosecrans  retiring  to  Chattanooga  to  prepare  a  new  line 
at  that  point,  and  leaving  General  Thomas  in  command  with  orders  to 
hold  the  field  at  all  hazards.  But  the  Union  army  was  compelled  to  re- 


262  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

tire  on  Chattanooga,  where  it  was  promptly  invested  by  Bragg,  in  a  line 
six  miles  in  length,  extending  from  the  river  above  the  town,  along  Mis- 
sionary Ridge  and  Lookout  Mountain  to  the  river  below,  .and  also  com- 
manding the  river  as  far  down  as  Bridgeport.  Thus  Rosecrans  was  en- 
circled by  a  wall  of  steel  in  front  and  an  unfordable  river  in  the  rear, 
which  was  closed  by  the  foe  to  his  base  of  supplies.  The  situation  was 
discouraging  and  soon  became  desperate.  The  troops  were  depressed  by 
their  new  experience  of  defeat.  Supplies  could  only  be  brought  over  the 
mountains  on  the  northern  side  of  the  river,  by  a  wretched  road  sixty 
miles  in  length  from  the  railroad  terminus,  and  then  only  in  partial  loads, 
and  in  peril,  at  certain  points  of  sharpshooters.  The  army  was  soon  put 
on  one-half  rations  and  the  men  began  to  suffer  and  the  animals  to  starve. 
Bragg  regarded  Rosecrans  as  his  virtual  prisoner  and  thought  it  only  a 
question  of  time  when  he  must  evacuate  Chattanooga  or  surrender  his 
army.  The  authorities  at  Washington  grew  at  first  nervous  and  then 
fairly  alarmed.  General  Hooker,  with  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps 
had  already  been  dispatched  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  the  re- 
lief of  Rosecrans,  and  arrived  in  Tennessee  early  in  October.  Burnside 
was  beyond  supporting  distance  at  Knoxville,  from  which  point  his 
eighteen  thousand  men  could  not  be  spared.  Every  hour  increased  the 
peril  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  Rosecrans  was  ordered  in  the 
strongest  terms  to  hold  Chattanooga,  and  he  did  all  that  was  possible  to 
strengthen  his  lines  and  encourage  his  men.  But  he  was  slowly  and 
surely  starving,  and  the  government  was  in  daily  dread  that  his  army 
would  actually  be  surrendered  in  the  field. 

At  this  critical  moment  Ulysses  S.  Grant  arrived  on  the  scene.  The 
Secretary  of  War  had,  in  his  anxiety,  gone  west  to  see  him,  had  met  him 
at  Cairo,  111.,  and  had  ridden  with  him  from  that  point  to  Louisville,  Ky. 
At  Cairo  the  Secretary  handed  the  general  two  orders.  Both  appointed 
him  to  the  command  of  the  newly  created  military  division  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi—a territory  embracing  the  whole  country  from  the  Allegheny 
Mountains  to  the  Mississippi  River,  south  of  the  Ohio,  exeept  the  de- 
partment included  in  General  Bank's  command  in  the  southwestern 
corner  of  that  section,  and  including  the  Armies  of  the  Cumberland  and 
Tennessee.  One  of  these  orders  retained  Rosecrans  at  the  head  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  the  other  relieved  him  and  appointed  Gen- 
eral George  H.  Thomas  to  that  command.  Grant  was  instructed  to 
choose  between  them.  He  chose  the  second  and  immediately  issued 
orders  assuming  command  of  the  military  division  and  naming  Thomas 
for  the  command  at  Chattanooga.  At  that  time  General  Grant  was  suf- 
fering: from  a  recent  physical  injury  and  was  on  crutches.  He  had  never 
before  been  on  duty  in  this  vicinity,  but  he  hastened  to  the  front,  arriv- 
ing at  Chattanooga  on  the  evening  of  October  23,  after  a  horseback  ride 
from  Bridgeport,  via  the  mountains  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  over 
what  he  calls  "fifty  miles  of  the  worst  possible  road."  Instantly  he  ap- 
plied himself  to  the  mastery  of  the  situation.  Thomas  had  already  tele- 
graphed him  the  characteristic  message,  "we  will  hold  this  town  until 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  263 

we  starve,"  and  Grant  found  that  the  starving  process  was  well  on  the 
way.  The  troops  were  on  half  rations,  and  as  they  said  "their  beef  was 
dried  on  the  hoof."  But  they  were  at  once  inspirited  by  the  arrival  of  the 
hero  of  Donelson  and  Vicksburg.  The  first  problem  before  the  new  com- 
mander was  the  opening  of  the  river  to  Bridgeport,  which  was  held  by 
the  enemy's  outposts.  The  chief  engineer  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land was  General  W.  F.  Smith,  a  capable  and  resolute  officer.  He  had 
already  erected  a  small  sawmill,  and  was  preparing  lumber  for  pontoons, 
and  for  the  building  of  a  rude  steamboat  which  was  in  fact  only  a  scow, 
having  a  stern  wheel  attached,  and  was  to  be  driven  by  a  small  engine 
taken  from  a  shop  or  factory.  He  had  also  reconnoitered  the  river  be- 
tween Brown's  and  Kelly's  ferries,  where  the  stream  is  narrow  and  too 
rapid  to  be  stemmed  by  such  a  craft  as  he  was  building,  and  devised  a 
plan  by  which  she  could  be  helped  through  this  dangerous  place  with  ropes 
from  the  shore.  This  much  Grant  found  in  progress  on  his  arrival.  He 
at  once  ordered  Sherman  from  Mississippi  and  assigned  him  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee;  and  directed  Burnside  to  hold  Knox- 
ville  until  he  could  come  to  his  relief.  And  then,  on  the  day  following  his 
arrival,  he  issued  orders  for  the  opening  of  what  was  hailed  by  the  sol- 
diers as  "the  cracker  line."  General  Palmer,  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps, 
was  sent  to  cross  the  river  at  Chattanooga  with  his  division  and  march 
down  the  north  side  to  a  point  opposite  Whiteside.  General  W.  F.  Smith 
was  given  four  thousand  men,  part  of  whom  were  to  be  embarked  in 
sixty  pontoon  boats  and  floated  down  to  Brown's  Ferry,  a  few  miles  below 
Chattanooga,  and  were  to  effect  and  hold  a  landing  there  on  the  south 
side.  The  remainder  of  the  details  was  to  march  down  the  north  side  of 
the  river  to  the  ferry  with  materials  for  laying  a  pontoon  bridge  per- 
manently. Meanwhile  Hooker,  whose  troops  were  stretched  along  the 
railroad  at  and  to  the  northward  from  Bridgeport  was,  with  the  Eleventh 
and  a  part  of  Geary's  Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps,  to  cross  the  river  at 
Bridgeport  and  open  it  on  the  south  side  to  Chattanooga.  After  Hooker 
had  passed  Whiteside,  Palmer  was  to  cross  the  river  at  that  point  and 
protect  his  rear. 

This  was  the  initial  movement  in  the  Chattanooga  campaign,  planned 
by  Grant  within  twelve  hours  after  assuming  command  in  the  field.  On 
the  early  morning  of  October  27,  Smith  dropped  down  the  river,  and  by 
ten  o'clock  was  safely  lodged  at  Brown's  ferry.  The  same  day  Hooker 
marched  from  Bridgeport  and  on  the  evening  of  the  28th  his  rear,  under 
Geary,  was  at  Wauhatchie,  Palmer  was  behind  him,  and  all  Lookout 
Valley  from  Chattanooga  to  Bridgeport,  including  the  river,  was  in  pos- 
session of  the  Union  right.  Smith's  steamboat,  together  with  one  other 
found  at  Chattanooga,  was  put  in  commission,  supplies  poured  into  Chat- 
tanooga and  the  danger  that  threatened  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  was 
at  an  end.  Within  five  days  after  his  appearance  at  the  front,  this 
stranger  general  had  relieved  the  sufferings  of  his  army  and  had  solved 
the  first  element  of  the  problem  before  him.  It  was  our  first  contact  with 
Ulysses  S.  Grant,  and  I  remember  as  I  saw  the  successful  completion  of 


264  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

this  brilliant  manoeuvre  and  beheld  its  influence  upon  the  troops,  I  said 
to  a  friend,  "The  Master  is  here!  The  Union  Armies  have  at  last  found 
their  Captain!  Hail  to  the  Chief!" 

This  movement  gave  great  relief  to  Washington,  but  anxiety  respecting 
Burnside  was  constantly  increasing.  On  November  4,  Longstreet  was 
sent  to  threaten  him  and  every  day  his  position  became  more  perilous. 
Grant  was  deluged  with  dispatches  upon  this  subject,  but  all  he  could 
do  was  to  preserve  his  equanimity  and  promise  help  as  soon  as  possible. 

Meantime  he  personally  inspected  the  lines,  and  studied  the  enemy's 
position.  In  doing  this  he  once  placed  himself  in  a  unique  and  dangerous 
attitude.  At  one  point  the  opposing  pickets  were  on  opposite  sides  of 
Chattanooga  Creek,  and  very  near  each  other,  and  quite  friendly.  As  the 
general  approached,  the  sentinel  called  "Turn  out  the  guard  to  receive 
the  commander  of  the  army!"  The  cry  was  taken  up  by  the  rebel  picket 
across  the  stream,  "Turn  out  the  guard  to  receive  the  commander  of  the 
army — General  Grant!"  And  the  enemy's  pickets  actually  lined  up  be- 
fore him.  Said  the  general  in  describing  this  incident  "I  saluted  them 
and  passed  on,"  but  one  trembles,  even  now,  to  think  what  might  have 
happened  at  that  moment. 

The  great  soldier,  however,  was  thinking  of  other  things.  He  was  care- 
fully but  rapidly  maturing  his  plans  for  offensive  operations.  And  with 
characteristic  directness  he  proposed  to  assault  the  enemy  from  the 
front.  On  November  14,  Sherman  arrived,  having  responded  promptly  to 
the  call  of  his  chief.  He  had  marched  three  hundred  and  thirty 
miles  from  Memphis  in  fourteen  days,  and  was  now  on  the  ground. 
He  was  assigned,  with  his  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  to  the  left  of  the  line, 
arid  to  the  east  of  the  town.  Thomas,  with  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
was  on  the  center  and  directly  facing  Missionary  Ridge.  While  Hooker, 
with  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps,  occupied  Lookout  Valley  on  the  ex- 
treme Union  right. 

The  plan  of  battle  meant  business.  Sherman  was  Instructed  to  attack 
the  enemy's  right  and  flank  it,  thus  threatening  his  base  of  supplies  on 
the  railroad  at  Chickamauga  Station.  Hooker,  on  the  other  end  of  the 
line,  was  to  force  his  way  out  of  Lookout  Valley  into  Chattanooga  Val- 
ley, and  cross  the  latter  to  Rossville,  and  so  pierce  the  rebel  line  at  the 
foot  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  flank  it  at  the  western  point  of  Missionary 
Ridge.  Thomas  was  ordered  to  assault  the  ridge  in  the  center.  It 
gave  work  to  all  concerned.  Grant  himself  was  to  remain  with  Thomas 
at  the  center  of  the  movement.  All  was  ready  by  November  23.  On  that 
day  Thomas'  Fourteenth  Corps  charged  forward  to  the  first  line  of  the 
enemy  at  the  base  of  the  ridge,  and  gained  and  held  it.  The  next  morning 
Sherman  moved  upon  the  eastern  spurs  of  the  ridge  and  captured  them, 
and  after  a  sharp  and  prolonged  struggle  near  the  railroad  tunnel,  es- 
tablished himself  firmly  on  the  enemy's  flank.  Meanwhile  Hooker  was  in 
motion  in  Lookout  Valley.  Early  on  the  morning  of  the  24th  three  of  his 
divisions,  under  Osterhaus,  Geary  and  Cruft,  were  inaugurating  one  of  the 
boldest  and  most  romantic  manoeuvres  of  the  war.  It  was  nothing  less 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  265 

than  the  capture  of  the  Gibralter  of  the  enemy's  position — Lookout 
Mountain  itself.  Gross'  Brigade  of  Cruft's  Division  seized  the  bridge 
across  Lookout  Creek  and  thus  diverted  attention  from  the  main  opera- 
tions. A  heavy  fog  also  helped  to  obscure  the  movement  of  the  troops. 
Shielded  by  Gross'  Division  and  the  friendly  mist,  Geary  pushed  up  the 
stream  to  a  mill  some  four  miles  from  the  point  of  the  mountain  where  he 
crossed  and  ascended  its  side,  with  Osterhaus  in  his  rear.  The  side  of  the 
mountain  was  gullied  with  dry  depressions  and  strewn  with  vast  boulders 
and  fragments  of  rock,  split  and  scattered  down  in  the  course  of  ages  from 
the  great  palisades  that  crown  its  heights.  Hardy  timber  struggled  for 
existence  in  the  flinty  soil,  but  no  human  habitation  braved  its  awful 
desolation.  Up  the  rugged,  tiresome  heights  Geary's  brave  men  climbed, 
r.ot  knowing  what  foes  were  before  them  until  the  head  of  the  column 
touched  the  very  palisades,  and  then  facing  forward  they  swept  along 
the  mountain  side  over  boulders,  into  ravines,  around  obstructions,  in 
eager  search  for  the  enemy.  They  found  him  crouching  behind  rifle  pits  of 
rock  but  dashed  over  him  with  bayonets  charged,  until  the  eastern  brow 
ct  the  mountain  was  gained  and  noon  had  come.  Two  hundred  prisoners 
had  been  captured,  the  fortress  of  the  rebel  line  had  been  wrenched  from 
him  in  a  brilliant  and  almost  bloodless  battle  "above  the  clouds;"  and  that 
day  the  Stars  and  Stripes  floated  in  triumph  from  the  brow  of  Lookout 
Mountain.  Hooker's  men  had  gallantly  forced  their  way  out  of  Lookout 
and  into  Chattanooga  Valley,  as  they  had  been  ordered  to  do. 

The  morning  of  November  25,  dawned  clear  and  cool.  At  daylight 
Sherman  and  all  his  staff  were  in  the  saddle.  From  his  bivouac  on  the 
hills  he  had  occupied  the  day  before  he  saw,  across  a  gorge,  the  enemy's 
defiant  line  on  Tunnel  Hill,  and  five  miles  away  to  the  west  lay  Chat- 
tanooga—Missionary Ridge  in  its  front,  and  Lookout  Mountain  beyond  it. 
At  sunrise  his  men  were  engaged  and  until  three  P.  M.  made  desperate 
battle  against  the  right  of  Bragg's  line  which  guarded  his  depot  and  was 
heavily  re-enforced  to  protect  it.  Back  and  forth  over  the  hillsides 
swayed  the  contending  lines,  locked  in  determined  conflict  and  Sherman 
nervously  looked  for  Thomas'  attack  at  the  center,  which  was  promised 
to  take  place  "early  in  the  day,"  but  Orchard  Knob  was  silent,  and  he 
wondered  whether  he  was  left  to  be  overwhelmed.  But  the  calm,  resolute 
commander,  posted  on  that  eminence,  knew  his  business,  and  was  not  to 
be  prematurely  hastened.  Missionary  Ridge  was  the  crucial  point  in  the 
field.  It  rose  five  hundred  feet  out  of  the  valley  and  it  bristled  with 
batteries  and  line  after  line  of  infantry.  Grant  patiently  waited  until 
these  lines  were  safely  weakened  by  details  to  resist  Sherman,  and 
Hooker  was  surely  on  the  Rossville  road,  and  then,  at  three  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  loosened  Thomas'  veterans  to  their  work.  Orchard  Knob  was 
in  a  moment  red  with  exploding  flame.  Brigade  after  brigade  dashed 
forward  in  line  of  battle,  with  colors  flying,  Sheridan  and  Wood  leading 
the  way.  Over  the  foothills  they  swung  and  up  the  hillside,  where  now 
are  Chattanooga's  suburban  homes,  into  thunder  of  battery  and  hail  of 
musketry.  The  long  wait  through  the  day,  the  sound  of  battle  on  the  left, 


266  .         PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

and  the  memory  of  Chickamauga,  made  heroes  of  them  all  and  they  were 
Invincible.  Even  the  imperturbable  Grant,  as  he  watched  the  magnifi- 
cent charge  from  the  Knob,  acknowledged  himself  strangely  moved  at  the 
inspiring  spectacle.  On  went  those  battalions  of  western  men.  One  line 
was  in  their  possession!  Another!  The  third!  The  foes  was  breaking 
and  flying  before  them!  The  batteries  were  quickly  passed!  Tho  crest 
of  the  ridge  was  reached!  Bragg's  strong  line  of  investment  snapped 
and  crumbled  and  disintegrated!  His  battalions  disappeared!  The  siege 
of  Chattanooga  was  raised!  And  in  just  thirty-three  days  from  the  time 
he  arrived  on  the  field  victorious  Grant  had  turned  defeat  into  victory, 
and  had  driven  the  southern  army  in  fragments  from  the  banks  of  the 
Tennessee,  and  its  commander  from  the  head  of  his  troops  forever. 

The  following  morning  Sherman  pushed  around  the  rebel  right  to  find 
Bragg's  depot  in  flames,  and  the  roads  littered  with  his  caissons  and 
wagons;  and  Hooker  struck  his  left  to  pick  up  the  stragglers  of  the  re- 
treating foe  and  his  abandoned  arms.  The  work  was  done.  Chattanooga 
was  added  to  the  Union  army's  lengthening  list  of  military  triumphs,  and 
a  new  star  was  settling  to  its  place  on  the  epaulettes  of  its  great  captain. 

THE  REGIMENT'S  SERVICE  IN  THIS  CAMPAIGN. 

The  inscription  on  this  memorial  tablet  recounts  briefly  the  part  which 
the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  Regiment  bore  in  one  inci- 
dent of  these  stirring  events.  But  we  are  here  to-day  to  think  of  its  work 
somewhat  more  in  detail.  At  the  opening  of  this  campaign  the  regiment 
was  fresh  from  the  battlefields  of  Virginia  and  was  encamped  along  the 
line  of  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad,  from  Stevenson  to 
Bridgeport — a  distance  of  nine  miles.  It  belonged  to  the  Second  Brigade, 
of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Twelfth  Corps.  Its  brigade  commander 
was  its  own  colonel,  the  brave  and  gentlemanly  George  A.  Cobham,  Jr., 
and  its  division  general  was  John  W.  Geary,  of  Pennsylvania.  Its  im- 
mediate commanding  officer  was  the  gallant  Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas 
M.  Walker,  whose  name  is  inseparably  identified  with  the  regiment's 
entire  service,  and  to  whose  rare  abilities  and  efficiency  the  command 
owes  much  of  its  fair  fame.  Its  major  was  rny  own  beloved  father,  the 
lamented  John  Alexander  Boyle,  and  both  these  field  officers  were  on  duty 
in  the  regiment  when  these  movements  began.  On  October  27,  the  com- 
mand was  concentrated  at  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  and  after  a  brief  halt  crossed 
the  pontoon  bridge  at  that  point  late  in  the  afternoon  and  bivouacked 
a  few  miles  beyond.  Four  regiments  of  the  division,  the  Seventy-eighth 
and  One  hundred  and  forty-ninth  New  York,  under  General  Greene,  and 
the  Twenty-ninth  and  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania,  under 
Colonel  Cobham,  had  preceded,  and  the  Sixtieth  and  One  hundred  and 
thirty-seventh  New  York  accompanied  our  regiment  from  Bridgeport, 
together  with  four  pieces  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery.  These  com- 
mands constituted  the  rear  guard  of  Hooker's  force.  The  Sixtieth  New 
York  was  detached  en  rcute  and  ordered  into  the  pass  leading  to  Trenton, 
with  instructions  to  hold  it.  The  roads  were  very  heavy,  and  on  the  28th 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  267 

Geary's  command  marched  to  Wauhatchie,  eight  miles  from  Chattanooga, 
and  bivouacked  on  its  arms  on  a  wooded  knoll  at  the  intersection  of  the 
Kelly's  Ferry  and  Brown's  Ferry  roads,  and  near  the  railroad  track. 
The  artillery  was  placed  in  position  close  at  hand,  the  Twenty-ninth 
Pennsylvania,  under  Colonel  Rickards,  was  detailed  as  grand  guard,  and 
the  utmost  vigilance  was  enjoined,  for  the  enemy's  signals  were  visible 
from  Lookout  Mountain,  and  his  presence  was  anticipated  at  any  moment. 
Three  miles  intervened  between  this  camp  and  Hooker's  main  body.  It 
was  moonlight,  but  slightly  cloudy.  From  the  mountain  top  both  Bragg 
and  Longstreet  had  watched  Geary's  march  during  the  afternoon,  had 
endeavored  to  shell  it,  and  had  planned  to  capture  the  entire  detachment 
that  night.  Two  divisions  were  detailed  for  the  work,  but  only  one,  under 
General  Jenkins,  strengthened  by  an  additional  brigade,  went  Into  action. 
Three  of  Jenkins'  four  brigades,  under  General  Law,  engaged  von  Stein- 
wehr's  Division  of  Howard's  Eleventh  Corps,  some  three  miles  from 
Geary's  position,  and  after  a  sharp  encounter,  were  driven  disastrously 
from  the  field  and  across  Lookout  Creek.  The  remaining  brigade,  under 
Colonel  Bratton,  consisted  of  the  First,  Second,  Fifth  and  Sixth  South 
Carolina  Regiments,  the  Palmetto  Sharpshooters  and  the  Hampton  Le- 
gion, six  regiments  in  all.  These  troops  stealthily  approached  Geary's 
isolated  camp  at  Wauhatchie,  which  lay  on  the  left  of  the  railroad  track, 
which  was  slightly  elevated  and,  as  has  been  said,  near  the  intersection 
of  the  Brown's  and  Kelly's  ferry  roads.  Geary  had  his  six  regiments 
present,  under  Brigadier  General  Greene,  and  Colonel  Cobham,  the  Sev- 
enty-eighth, One  hundred  and  Thirty-seventh  and  One  hundred  and 
forty-ninth  New  York  and  the  Twenty-ninth,  One  hundred  and  ninth  and 
One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania,  besides  the  four  pieces  of  Knap's 
Pennsylvania  Battery.  Of  these  regiments,  two,  the  Seventy-eighth  and 
One  hundred  and  forty-ninth  New  York,  did  no  actual  fighting.  The  first 
was  deployed  to  the  rear,  out  of  harm's  way,  and  the  latter,  after  having 
been  thrown  into  confusion  by  some  officer's  horses  and  train  mules,  as  it 
was  coming  into  line  on  the  left,  was  ordered  to  reform  upon  the  refused 
right  flank,  where  it  exchanged  a  few  shots  with  the  foe.  Part  of  the 
Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  was  on  the  picket  line  and  during  the  en- 
gagement that  regiment  was  in  support  of  the  battery.  As  General  Geary 
says  in  his  report:  "The  actual  fighting  was  done  by  the  One  hundred 
and  eleventh  and  one  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  and  the  One 
hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New  York,"  and  these  commands  had  in  line 
precisely  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  seventy-one  officers  and  men. 
About  eleven  o'clock  picket  firing  was  heard  and  the  One  hundred  and 
eleventh  hurried  into  line  parallel  with  the  railroad  and  loaded  its  guns. 
The  other  battalions  also  turned  out,  but  no  enemy  appearing  they  re- 
tired again  to  their  bivouac.  At  twelve-thirty  the  pickets  were  driven  in 
and  the  foe  advanced-without  skirmishers  on  our  left  and  front,  into  an 
open  space  from  a  woods  some  two  or  three  hundred  yards  distant.  He 
established  his  line  almost  in.  the  form  of  a  horse  shoe,  upon  our  front, 
and  both  flanks,  the  Hampton  Legion  on  our  left  flank,  the  Fifth,  First 
18 


268  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

and  Sixth  South  Carolina  on  the  front,  and  the  Second  South  Carolina 
and  the  Palmetto  Sharpshooters  across  the  railroad  on  our  right.  Sub- 
sequently the  Sixth  South  Carolina  was  also  moved  towards  our  right 
flank.  Our  line  extended  at  right  angles  from  the  left  of  the  railroad,  the 
One  hundred  and  eleventh  on  the  right,  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  in  the 
centre,  and  the  One  hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New  York  on  the  left, 
several  companies  of  the  right  and  left  regiments  being  refused  to  the 
rear  to  meet  the  enemy's  flanking  fire.  Presently,  as  Uongstreet  observes, 
the  Union  line  was  practically  under  a  "circular,  convergent  fire."  The 
men  had  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition  each  and  were  ordered  to  lie  down 
and  fire  accurately  and  low.  As  the  enemy  advanced  into  view  our  regi- 
ment received  him  with  a  well-directed  volley,  and  halted  him  until 
the  other  battalions  came  into  position,  changing  its  front  to  meet  him, 
and,  thus  posted,  the  intrepid,  little  detachment  withstood  just  twice 
its  numbers  for  more  than  two  hours.  It  was  in  the  center  of  a  murderous 
and  incessant  belt  of  fire,  huddled  together  in  'a  short  line,  but  not  the 
wlerd  night  hour,  nor  the  merciless  bullets  of  the  foe,  nor  the  exploding 
roar  of  its  own  shells  just  above  its  head,  were  able  to  dismay  it.  By  the 
aid  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania,  under  the  personal  direction  of 
Colonel  Rickards,  one  field  piece  was  placed  beyond  the  railroad,  where, 
commanded  by  Lieutenant  E.  R.  Geary,  who  almost  immediately  fell,  it 
was  served  with  good  execution  upon  the  right  flank. 

The  command  displayed  in  literal  and  splendid  illustration  Napoleon's 
boasted  "two  o'clock  in  the  morning  courage."  The  rebel  yell  penetrated 
the  din  of  battle.  General  Greene  was  severely  wounded,  officer  after 
officer  fell  in  the  line,  men  were  mangled  and  killed — some  of  them  by  our 
own  cannon — mules  broke  from  their  tethers  in  the  rear,  and,  with  clank- 
ing chains,  plunged  madly  about.  Ammunition  was  nearly  exhausted  and 
recourse  was  about  to  be  had  to  the  bayonet  and  the  spike.  Captain  At- 
well,  of  the  battery,  was  mortally  wounded,  his  only  commissioned  sub- 
ordinate was  dead,  two-thirds  of  his  horses  were  disabled,  his  men  were 
picked  off  until  but  two  guns  could  be  served.  Two  hundred  and  twenty- 
four  spherical  shells  had  been  delivered  from  his  four  guns,  and  still  those 
three  skeleton  regiments  in  the  line  loaded  and  fired,  their  remaining 
officers  cool  and  alert,  their  men  defiant  and  resolute,  until  three  o'clock 
A.  M.,  when  the  enemy,  after  losing  three  hundred  and  fifty-six  men, 
sullenly  gave  up  the  battle  and  retired,  leaving  ninety  of  his  dead,  fifty 
of  his  wounded,  fifty-two  prisoners,  representing  each  of  his  regiments, 
and  three  hundred  stands  of  arms  upon  the  field. 

Longstreet  in  his  recently  published  memoirs,  says:  "The  conduct  of 
Bratton's  forces  was  one  of  the  cleverest  pieces  of  work  of  the  war." 
What,  then,  was  the  conduct  of  these  three  decimated  regiments  and  the 
two  sections  of  battery  that  so  cleverly  defeated  Bratton's  cleverly 
handled  forcec,  and  compelled  them  to  quit  the  field?  It  was  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  examples  of  heroic  defense,  of  any  war,  and  simply 
transcends  all  praise. 

Surh  was  our  battle  under  the  scudding  clouds,  the  moon  and  the  stars, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  269 

at  Wauhatchie.  General  Geary,  in  his  official  report,  speaks  of  "the  in~ 
domilable  behavior  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regiment,"  which 
he  says,  "was  faced  in  two  directions  to  resist  an  enfilading  fire,  and," 
he  continues,  "of  the  conduct  of  the  One  hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New 
York  and  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania,  in  sustaining  the 
brunt  of  the  fight,  I  cannot  speak  too  highly.  They  acquitted  themselves 
in  a  manner  deserving  all  the  commendation  a  commander  can  bestow 
upon  them,  and  which  I  take  pride  in  mentioning  officially." 

General  Thomas,  commanding  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  says:  "The 
repulse  by  Geary's  Division,  of  greatly  superior  numbers,  who  attempted 
to  surprise  him,  will  rank  among  the  most  distinguished  feats  of  arms  of 
this  war."  And  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker,  who  was  himself  slightly 
wounded,  in  his  report  thus  commends  the  regiment:  "I  mention  with 
pleasure  the  steadiness  and  determination  of  my  men.  I  was  greatly 
indebted  for  the  assistance  given  me  by  Major  John  A.  Boyle,  who  sealed 
his  devotion  with  his  life,  and  to  Captains  Wells  and  Warner,  both  of 
whom  were  struck  slightly;  also  to  Lieutenant  Albert  Black,  who  was 
severely  wounded." 

The  casualties  in  the  regiment  were  two  officers  and  six  men  killed,  six 
officers  and  thirty-one  men  wounded,  and  one  man  missing.  Among  the 
wounded  in  addition  to  the  officers  already  mentioned,  were  Lieutenants 
A.  W.  Tracy  and  J.  J.  Haight;  and  Geary's  aggregate  loss  was  two  hun- 
dred and  twelve  out  of  one  thousand  five  hundred  and  ninety-two  officers 
and  men  present,  and  one  thousand  one  hundred  and  seventy-one  actually 
engaged. 

With  the  subsequent  operations  of  the  regiment  in  this  campaign,  I  will 
not  long  detain  you.  We  made  our  camp  on  a  mound  near  the  Wauhatchie 
battle  line,  and  remained  there  for  nearly  four  weeks.  As  already  related, 
on  November  24,  at  four  thirty  A.  M.,  the  regiment  marched,  with  other 
troops,  to  take  part  in  the  capture  of  Lookout  Mountain.  For  seven  hours 
it  toiled  over  the  uneven  hillside,  in  a  fog,  receiving  the  fire  of  the  enemy 
in  front  and  boulders  and  shells  dropped  from  the  palisades  above,  until 
noon,  when  it  halted  in  triumph  and  occupied  the  deserted  camp  of  the 
foe.  That  day  Captain  Wm.  A.  Thomas  was  wounded  and  the  brigade  to 
which  the  regiment  was  attached  captured  two  hundred  prisoners.  On 
the  following  day  it  marched  into  Chattanooga  Valley  and  charged  the 
western  slope  of  Missionary  Ridge,  without  loss,  capturing  prisoners,  and 
bivouacked  at  the  foot  of  that  eminence.  On  the  26th  it  joined  in  the  pur- 
suit of.  Bragg' s  army,  as  far  as  Pea  Vine  Creek,  where  it  slept  in  the  open 
field.  The  next  morning  it  marched  to  Ringgold,  and  participated,  in  an 
unprotected  line,  in  a  sharp  skirmish  in  which  Lieutenant  Plympton  A. 
Mead  was  wounded.  Up  to  this  time  the  command  had  had  but  one  day's 
rations  since  leaving  Wauhatchie.  It  had  marched  without  overcoats  or 
knapsacks  and  the  weather  was  clear  and  frosty.  Of  its  sufferings  and 
fortitude  under  these  circumstances  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker  says 
laconically  in  his  official  report:  "The  steady  valor  and  uncomplaining 


270  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

endurance  of  my  men,  suffering  from  hunger  and  severe  cold,  is  only  an- 
other exhibition  of  the  pluck  of  the  American  volunteer." 

The  regiment  held  the  gap  at  Ringgold  on  the  29th  and  remained  on 
picket  duty  there  until  December  1,  when  it  was  relieved  and  returned  to 
its  camp  at  Wauhatchie  on  December  2.  In  the  movement  it  had  lost 
one  man  killed  and  two  officers  and  seven  men  wounded,  or  a  total  in  the 
whole  campaign  of  fifty-six  officers  and  men. 

PERSONAL. 

And  now,  in  conclusion,  permit  the  indulgence  of  a  personal  tribute. 
Wauhatchie  was  by  far  the  most  serious  experience  of  our  regiment  in  all 
these  events.  In  some  respects  it  was  one  of  the  most  trying  and  critical 
incidents  of  our  military  service.  The  enemy  had  planned  our  surprise 
and  capture  at  that  point.  Two  divisions,  six  brigades  in  all,  were  de- 
tailed for  this  purpose,  but,  happily  for  us,  one  of  these  divisions  did  not 
come  upon  the  field,  and  of  the  other,  two  brigades  became  engaged  with 
a  part  of  the  Eleventh  Corps.  Our  battle  with  the  remaining  brigade  was 
in  the  dead  of  night,  and  occurred  after  an  exhausting  day's  march  over 
heavy  roads  and  when  our  men  were  but  just  aroused  from  their  first 
deep  sleep.  We  were  almost  surrounded  in  a  strange  place,  by  a  foe  twice 
our  number,  and  who  was  familiar  with  the  ground,  and  we  steadily  suf- 
fered his  converging  fire  for  more  than  two  hours.  Our  artillery  was  so 
posted  as  to  endanger,  and  actually  to  take,  the  lives  of  some  of  our  own 
men.  And  we  were  alone,  cut  off  from  communication  with  the  main 
body  of  our  troops.  It  was  a  situation  but  little  short  of  desperation.  It 
looked  as  if  it  would  be  massacre,  and  yet  we  were  not  taken  prisoners; 
we  were  not  defeated.  We  repulsed  the  enemy,  and  we  held  the  field. 

On  that  terrible  night  forty-six  good  men  and  true  of  our  noble  com- 
mand shed  their  blood  in  defense  of  the  sacred  cause  to  which  we  had  all 
consecrated  our  labor  and  our  lives.  I  would  I  could  call  the  roster  of 
their  names  in  this  presence.  Among  the  officers  that  were  there  wounded 
were  our  own  regimental  commander,  the  brave  and  able  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Thomas  M.  Walker,  the  intrepid  Captain  James  Madison  Wells, 
the  fearless  and  dashing  Captain  Wallace  B.  Warner,  the  quiet,  sedate 
Lieutenant  John  J.  Haight,  who  was  doing  duty  on  the  brigade  com- 
mander's staff,  the  genial  and  reliable  Lieutenant  Andrew  W.  Tracy  and 
the  unassuming  but  valiant  Lieutenant  Albert  E.  Black,  who  received 
wounds  that  night  which  would  have  killed  a  feebler  man,  and  from 
which,  I  think,  that  even  he  never  fully  recovered. 

Two  of  our  valuable  officers  were  killed  outright:  Lieutenant  Marvin  D. 
Pettit,  of  company  B,  one  of  the  brightest  and  best  beloved  subalterns  of 
the  regiment,  perished  by  the  premature  explosion  of  one  of  our  own 
shells.  He  was  a  young  man  of  much  promise,  and  his  happy  young  life 
went  out  all  too  soon.  His  memory  has  remained  green  in  our  hearts 
through  all  these  ensuing  years. 

The  other  officer  who  yielded  up  his  life  in  our  midst  that  night  was  our 
Major,  John  Alexander  Boyle.  He  was  the  first  field  officer  of  the  regi- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  271 

ment  to  die.  You  knew  him,  and  a  wider  constituency  than  this  regiment 
knew  him.  Of  him  General  Geary,  in  his  official  report  of  the  battle,  says: 
"In  the  death  of  Major  Boyle,  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  command  is  deprived  of  a  valuable  officer,  society  of  one  of  its 
choice  gentlemen,  and  our  country  of  a  noble  martyr."  He  was  my  honored 
father  and  my  pilgrimage  to  this  spot  is  largely  due  to  my  desire  to  lay 
a  wreath  of  dutiful  affection  upon  the  soil  that  received  the  libation  of  his 
blood.  He  was  born  on  May  13,  1816,  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  was  liberally 
educated  through  his  own  exertions  in  an  academy  in  Philadelphia  while 
he  was  learning  the  trade  of  paper  making.  Professing  the  Christian  re- 
ligion when  a  boy  of  fifteen  years,  he  soon  felt  himself  called  to  be  a 
minister  of  the  gcspel,  and  joined  the  Philadelphia  conference  of  the  M. 
E.  Church  in  1839.  For  seven  years  he  pursued  his  sacred  calling  with 
signal  success  and  promise,  but  failing  health  drove  him  into  retirement. 
Durirg  the  next  seven  years  he  superintended  a  large  iron  establishment, 
the  property  of  his  father-in-law,  in  southern  New  Jersey,  and  within 
that  time  studied  law  and  became  a  member  of  the  New  Jersey  legislature. 
After  a  residence  of  two  years  in  Philadelphia  his  feeble  health  compelled 
him  to  seek  a  more  salubrious  climate,  and  he  removed  with  his  family 
to  Ridgway,  Elk  county,  Pa.,  where  he  owned  and  edited  a  newspaper 
and  practiced  law  until  1861.  In  the  autumn  of  that  year,  inspired  by  an 
exalted  patriotism,  he  recruited  company  K  of  this  regiment  and  joined 
the  organization  at  Camp  Reed,  near  Erie,  Pa.  He  was  commissioned  the 
first  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  and  from  that  position  was  promoted  to 
the  majority  in  January,  1863.  On  August  9,  1862,  he  was  taken  prisoner 
on  the  field  of  Cedar  Mountain  and  spent  forty-four  days  in  Libby  Prison. 
On  his  way  to  Richmond  while  under  guard,  he  addressed  a  crowd  at 
Gordonsville,  Va.,  on  the  error  of  secession  and  the  sanctity  of  the  Union. 
He  drafted  the  resolutions  which,  in  January.  1863,  this  regiment  adopted 
endorsing  the  emancipation  proclamation.  He  was  chosen  to  command 
for  a  time  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  Regiment,  and  was 
solicited  by  its  officers  to  become  its  colonel.  But  he  preferred  to  remain 
in  a  subordinate  position  in  his  own  regiment,  and  so  he  stood  in  his  ap- 
pointed lot  until  the  last.  You,  who  have  marched  with  him,  knew  his 
kindness,  for  often  he  carried  your  muskets  and  your  knapsacks,  or 
surrendered  to  you  when  sick  or  footsore  or  weary,  his  own  horse.  You, 
who  have  stood  with  him  in  the  battle  line,  knew  his  courage.  But  only 
you,  who  were  admitted  to  the  inner  confidence  of  his  personal  life,  knew 
his  mental  excellencies,  his  unselfish  manliness  and  his  abiding  piety. 
And  only  those  who  were  of  the  home  he  left  to  defend  his  country's 
honor  knew,  or  could  know,  the  tenderness  and  greatness  of  his  heart. 

He  died  a  patriot  soldier  at  forty-seven  years  of  age,  in  the  depth  of 
night,  amid  the  crash  of  arms  and  the  groans  of  suffering  men.  He  died 
suddenly,  almost  as  soon  as  the  deadly  missile  pierced  his  delicate  body, 
but  lie  died  a  Christian  gentleman  and  murmured  with  his  latest  breath 
these  words  of  reverent  and  sublime  hope:  "I  know  that  my  Redeemer 
llveth!"  Thus  from  Wauhatchie's  fiery  night  he  passed  into  heaven  and 


272  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

when  I  mingled  with  our  men  the  next  day  they  said  with  broken  voice: 
'  The  Father  of  the  Regiment  is  gone!" 

"Die  we  may — and  die  we  must; 
But,  oh,  where  can  dust  to  dust 

Be  consigned  so  well, 
As  where  heaven  Us  dews  shall  shed 
%  On  the  martyred  patriot's  bed. 

And  the  rocks  shall  raise  their  heads, 
Of  Ms  deeds  to  tell?"- 

I  cannot  close  this  tribute  without  reference  to  an  act  of  singular  devo- 
tion and  fidelity  upon  the  part  of  certain  of  his  friends  and  mine,  in  this 
command,  on  the  occasion  of  his  death — a  service  that  has  been  cherished 
in  grateful  memory  for  thirty-four  years.  The  morning  after  the  battle 
of  Wauhatchie,  Comrade  Noah  W.  Lowell,  who  was  then  the  commissary 
sergeant  of  the  regiment,  with  great  and  thoughtful  kindness,  constructed 
a  rude  box  from  such  materials  as  were  at  hand,  laid  Major  Boyle's  body 
within,  secured  a  guard  to  accompany  it,  and  sent  it  down  the  Tennessee 
river  to  Bridgeport  to  me,  where  I  was  on  duty  in  charge  of  the  regimental 
quartermaster's  department.  Corporal  John  Hughes  was  placed  in  com- 
mand of  that  guard,  and  on  the  following  day  he,  with  soldierly  respect, 
delivered  his  charge  safely  into  my  hands,  thus  enabling  me  to  forward 
the  body  to  Philadelphia  for  interment.  This  kindness  has  never  been, 
and  never  will  be,  forgotten  by  the  family  of  your  deceased  Major  and 
friend. 

Peace  be  to  his  spirit,  and  to  the  spirits  of  all  who  died  here  with  him! 
Peace  be  to  the  souls  of  all  our  patriot  dead,  and  to  the  hearts  of  their 
widows  and  children!  Peace  be  to  you,  their  surviving  comrades,  and  to 
our  redeemed  and  regenerated  land!  Peace  and  honor  and  glory,  while 
these  memorials  tell  the  story  of  your  deeds,  and  these  mountain  heights 
look  down  upon  the  arena  of  your  conflict  and  triumph! 

My  comrades,  it  is  your  proud  fortune  to  have  shared  in  these  fiery  and 
momentous  scenes.  You  were  the  fellows  of  these  heroic  men!  In  the 
providence  of  God  it  was  given  to  you  and  me  to  outlive  the  carnage  of 
battle  and  to  inherit  the  happy  issue  of  the  struggle  in  which  so  many 
men,  better  than  ourselves,  shed  their  blood.  Through  that  same  Provid- 
ence, we  remain  a  part  of  the  rapidly  diminishing  remnant  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Union.  Very  soon  we  must  follow  these  heroes  to  the  bivouac 
of  the  dead,  and  the  hastening  dirge  of  the  last  Union  soldier  will  anon 
proclaim  that  the  war  for  the  nation's  life  is  but  a  tradition  to  the  genera- 
tion of  living  men.  Never  again,  in  the  order  of  nature,  can  we  expect 
to  meet  on  earth  as  an  organization.  We  are  come  to  the  final  handclasp 
and  the  last  mortal  farewell.  On  this  hallowed  ground  we  perform  our 
latest  sacred  duty  to  our  dead,  and  here  and  now  we  break  ranks  for  all 
time!  Our  hearts  are  full!  Let  us,  with  loving  memories  of  our  fallen 
comrades,  and  with  a  new  and  chastened  devotion  to  country  and  to  God, 
turn  hence  to  abide  in  worthiness  of  heart  and  life,  until  our  dust  shall 
mingle  with  that  of  the  departed,  and  our  souls  shall  find  rest  in  the  home 
of  Heaven's  immortals. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  273 


ADDRESS  OF  LIEUTENANT  JOHN  L.  WELLS. 

COMRADES  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Pennsylvania  Veteran 
Volunteers: — We  thank  God,  that  after  thirty-four  years  so  many 
of  us  are  permitted  to  again  assemble  on  this,  our  historic  battle 
grounds,  in  "peaceful  possession  "  I  am  very  sorry  that  we  have  not  the 
roll  of  all  living  members  with  us  that  we  might  again  call  the  name  of 
each  that,  though  absent,  their  names  might  ring  peacefully  against  the 
rocky  surroundings  as  did  their  rifle  shots  in  the  days  of  1863.  We  have 
with  us  to-day  for  the  first  time  in  regimental  reunion,  one  whom  we  used 
to  call  the  "kid"  of  company  F.  He  was  with  me  in  Andersonville,  Ga., 
prison  hell.  On  the  Sherman  exchange,  his  name  not  being  on  the  rolls 
for  exchange,  I  told  him  to  answer  to  the  name  of  a  certain  member  of 
company  D  who  had  gone  out  a  few  days  before.  The  name  was  called 
the  second  time,  I  answered  "here"  and  shoved  the  "kid,"  Howard  Burke, 
forward  towards  the  gate.  He  answered  O.  K.  ,and  got  through  to  our  lines 
in  Atlanta,  Ga.  My  name,  for  some  unknown  reason,  was  not  on  the 
rolls,  and  I  was  left  in  prison,  and  the  only  one  left  of  our  regiment.  We 
afterwards  were  moved  to  Millen,  Ga.,  prison,  from  which  place  I  escaped 
November  20,  1864.  Here  is  Howard  Burke.  We  have  another  present 
for  the  first  time.  You  will  all  remember  the  tall  slim  sixteen  year  old 
boy,  son  of  our  dear  old  Major  Boyle,  who  was  killed  at  Wauhatchie. 
Here  he  is,  Mell  Boyle,  a  grand  elegant  man  of  six  feet  and  to-day  a 
prominent  editor  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.  • 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

THIS  regiment  was  principally  recruited  in  the  counties  of  Erie,  War- 
ren, and  Crawford,  under  authority  granted  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  on  the  2d  of  September,  1861,  to  M.  Schlaudecker,  a  citizen 
of  Erie.  The  men  rendezvoused  by  squads,  at  Camp  Reed,  near  the  city 
of  Erie,  where  they  were  mustered  into  service,  and  where,  on  the  24th 
of  January,  a  regimental  organization  was  effected,  with  the  following 
field  officers:  M.  Schlaudecker,  Colonel;  George  A.  Cobham,  Jr.,  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel;  Thomas  M.  Walker,  Major.  Orders  had  been  previously 
received  from  Governor  Curtin,  directing  that  the  regiment  "march  on 
the  24th  inst.,  from  its  present  quarters,  to  the  city  of  Baltimore,  report- 
ing at  Harrisburg,  on  the  way,  long  enough  to  receive  its  equipments." 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
18 


274  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Transportation  could  not  be  secured  until  the  25th,  when  it  moved  by 
rail,  via  Cleveland  and  Pittsburgh,  and  arrived  at  Harrisburg  on  the  27th. 
On  the  following  day,  arms  and  equipments  were  delivered,  and  while 
drawn  up  in  line  in  front  of  the  arsenal,  on  the  Capitol  grounds,  the 
State  colors  were  presented  by  Governor  Curtin,  who  spoke  in  a  patri- 
otic and  feeling  manner,  and  was  responded  to  by  Colonel  Schlaudecker, 
pledging  the  fidelity  of  his  command,  which  was  heroically  kept  on  many 
a  hard  fought  field.  On  the  first  of  March  it  arrived  at  Baltimore,  and 
was  quartered  at  the  M'Kim  Mansion  Barracks.  It  was  at  once  put  upon 
drill  and  guard  duty,  which  were  continued  until  the  middle  of  May, 
when  it  was  thrown  forward  to  Harper's  Ferry,  to  reinforce  General 
Banks,  then  retreating  down  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  before  an  over- 
whelming force  of  the  enemy  under  Stonewall  Jackson.  From  the  Ferry, 
it  moved  by  rail  towards  Winchester,  but  had  proceeded  only  about  five 
miles,  when  two  trains  were  met,  bringing  the  news  of  Banks'  defeat  at 
Winchester,  and  his  retreat  on  Martinsburg.  The  regiment  at  once  re- 
turned to  Harper's  Ferry,  and  took  position  on  Bolivar  Heights.  On  the 
morning  of  May  28th,  it  moved  out,  in  connection  with  the  First  Mary- 
land Cavalry  and  a  section  of  Reynold's  Battery,  on  a  reconnoissance  in 
the  direction  of  Charlestown,  ten  miles  distant.  When  within  two 
miles  of  the  town,  the  enemy's  skirmishers  were  met,  and  driven  through, 
and  beyond  it.  Having  developed  the  fact  that  the  enemy  was  in  force 
in  front,  the  regiment  retired  with  a  loss  of  one  man  wounded.  It  was 
subsequently  attached  to  Cooper's  Brigade,  of  Sigel's  Division,  and  re- 
mained for  some  time  in  the  Valley,  about  Kernstown,  Middletown  and 
Cedar  Creek. 

Upon  the  organization  from  the  corps  of  Fremont,  Banks  and  McDowell, 
of  the  Army  of  Virginia,  under  General  Pope,  towards  the  close  of  June, 
the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  was  assigned  to  Prince's  Brigade,*  of 
Augur's  Division.  Early  in  July,  the  command  moved  to  Warrenton, 
where  it  remained  until  the  16th,  and  then  proceeded  to  Little  Wash- 
ington. About  this  time,  considerable  sickness  prevailed.  Assistant 
Surgeon,  John  Nicholson,  died,  Colonel  Schlaudecker  received  a  fur- 
lough, on  account  of  sickness,  and  when  the  regiment  moved  for  Cedar 
Mountain,  on  the  6th  of  August,  large  numbers  were  left  in  the  hospital, 
among  them  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cobham.  In  the  battle  of  the  9th,  which 
was  principally  fought  by  Banks'  Corps,  Greene's  Brigade  occupied  the 
extreme  left,  General  Prince  stood  next,  then  Generals  Geary,  Crawford 
and  Gordon.  As  soon  as  the  enemy's  batteries  opened,  which  were  posted 
on  the  breast  of  the  mountain,  General  Prince  advanced  his  brigade,  and 
passing  Knap's  and  Best's  Batteries,  crossed  an  open  field  and  entered 
the  cornfield.  The  struggle  here  was  desperate;  the  fire  from  his  artil- 


•Organlzatlon  of  the  Second  Brigade,  General  Prince;  Second  Division,  General  Augur; 
Second  Corps,  General  Banks.  Battalions  of  the  Eighth  and  Twelfth  Regulars,  Cap- 
tain Pitcher;  One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  Schlau- 
decker; Third  Maryland  Volunteers,  Colonel  Stephen  W.  Downy;  One  Hundred  and 
Ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  Colonel  Henry  J.  Stainrook. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  275 

lery  and  from  the  masses  of  his  infantry,  being  incessant  and  deadly. 
The  fighting  continued  from  half-past  two  P.  M.,  until  dark,  during 
which  time  the  regiment  held  its  ground,  but  was  finally  forced  back 
with  the  remnants  of  the  line.  The  regiment  was  led  in  the  engage- 
ment by  Major  Walker,  and  lost  nineteen  killed  or  mortally  wounded, 
sixty-one  wounded,  and  thirteen  missing. 

On  the  morning  of  the  19th,  the  regiment  moved  to  Rappahannock 
Bridge,  and  crossing  the  stream,  remained  for  some  days  in  defence  of  the 
position.  Upon  the  abandonment  of  the  line  of  the  river,  it  marched  to 
Sulphur  Springs,  and  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  corps  until  withdrawn 
to  the  defences  of  Washington.  With  the  division,  it  soon  after  pro- 
ceeded on  the  march  through  Maryland,  and  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Antietam,  where,  for  eight  hours,  it  was  engaged  in  severe  fighting. 
For  the  gallantry  exhibited  in  this  engagement,  and  especially  for  the 
heroic  daring  displayed  in  the  charge  which  cleared  the  enemy  from 
the  grove,  where  stood  the  little  church,  around  which  was  the  severest 
fighting,  Colonel  Stainrook,  the  brigade  commander,  presented  the  regi- 
ment on  the  field,  with  a  stand  of  colors.  General  George  S.  Greene,  com- 
manding the  division,  in  a  letter  to  Governor  Curtin,  says,  "The  One  hun- 
dred and  eleventh  Regiment  behaved  gallantly  at  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
where  I  was  witness  to  its  good  conduct."  It  went  into  the  fight  with 
three  hundred  muskets,  and  lost  thirty-three  killed  or  mortally  wounded, 
seventy-one  wounded,  and  seven  missing.  Captain  Arthur  Corrigan  was 
among  the  killed.  Major  Walker,  Captain  Frank  Wagner,  and  Lieu- 
tenants Martellus  H.  Todd,  Peter  S.  Bancroft,  Joseph  Cronenberger, 
Albert  E.  Black  and  Charles  Woeltge,  were  among  the  wounded.  Lieu- 
tenant Bancroft  had  an  arm  shattered  above  the  elbow,  the  bone  of 
which  was  disjointed  at  the  shoulder  socket  and  removed — a  most  pain- 
ful operation — the  effect  of  which  was  anticipated  to  prove  mortal,  but 
from  which  he*  recovered  and  afterwards  served  in  the  Invalid  Corps. 

On  the  19th,  the  regiment  moved  from  the  field  at  Antietam,  and  ford- 
ing the  Potomac  and  Shenandoah  Rivers,  near  Harper's  Ferry,  encamped 
on  Loudon  Heights.  A  month  later,  it  participated  in  a  reconnoissance 
towards  Leesburg.  On  the  10th  of  December  it  moved  with  the  Twelfth 
Corps — to  which  it  had  been  assigned,  and  which  had  been  left  upon  the 
Maryland  borders,  as  an  army  of  observation,  when  the  main  body  moved 
southward— towards  Fredericksburg,  and  on  the  16th,  settled  down  in 
winter  quarters  at  Fairfax  Station,  the  battle,  in  the  meantime,  having 
been  fought  and  lost.  On  the  19th  of  January,  the  regiment  moved  to 
Acquia  Creek  via  Dumfries  and  Stafford  Court  House,  arriving  on  the 
25th,  a  part  of  the  general  movement  of  the  army  on  the  Mud  March. 
About  a  month  later  it  was  transferred  to  the  Second  Brigade,  General 
Kane,  Second  Division,  General  Geary,  Twelfth  Corps,  General  Slocum. 
While  stationed  at  Acquia  Creek,  it  was  engaged  in  drill  and  routine 
duties  of  the  camp.  Colonel  Schlaudecker  had  been  honorably  dis- 
charged in  November  previous,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Cobham  had  been 
promoted  to  succeed  him,  Major  Walker  to  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Ad- 


276  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

jutant  John  A.  Boyle  to  Major.  In  an  order  issued  by  General  Hooker, 
on  the  3d  of  March,  especially  complimenting  ten  regiments,  selected 
out  of  the  whole  army  for  the  excellent  condition  in  which  they  were 
found  upon  inspection,  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  stood  pre-eminent 
among  Pennsylvania  Regiments.  Part  six  of  that  order  was  in  these 
words:  "The  following  regiments  and  batteries,  appearing  from  the  in- 
spection reports,  to  have  earned  high  commendation  from  inspecting 
officers,  it  is  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  corps  commanders,  having  re- 
gard to  the  efficiency  of  the  command,  to  increase  the  leaves  of  absence 
and  furloughs,  for  the  fifteen  days  following  the  receipt  of  this  order, 
to  three,  instead  of  two  enlisted  men  to  every  one  hundred  present  for 
duty,  and  three  officers  instead  of  two,  in  the  following  named  com- 
mands: First,  Second  and  Twentieth  Massachusetts,  Tenth  and  Nine- 
teenth Maine,  Fifth  and  Tenth  New  York,  One  hundred  and  eleventh 
Pennsylvania,  Third  Wisconsin,  and  First  Minnesota  Volunteers." 

At  seven  o'clock,  on  the  evening  of  the  27th  of  April,  the  regiment  broke 
camp  and  moved  via  Stafford  Court  House,  Hartwood  Church,  Kelly's 
Ford  on  the  Rappahannock,  and  Germania  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  to 
Chancellorsville,  where  it  arrived  at  four  P.  M.,  of  the  30th,  a  distance  of 
over  sixty  miles.  On  this  march,  the  men  carried  each  one  hundred 
rounds  of  ammunition,  and  eight  days'  rations.  On  the  1st  of  May,  it  was 
in  position  in  a  dense  growth  of  young  oaks,  on  the  right  of  the  Plank 
Road  leading  to  Fredericksburg,  and  directly  in  front  of  the  Chancellor 
House.  At  mid-day,  the  regiment,  holding  the  right  of  the  division, 
joined  in  a  reconnoissance  into  the  woods  in  front  of  the  position  it  had 
occupied,  and  in  the  direction  of  Fredericksburg,  and  when  the  division 
retired,  covered  the  withdrawal  of  a  section  of  Knap's  Battery,  upon 
which  the  enemy's  skirmishers  and  sharpshooters  were  making  a  demon- 
stration. On  the  afternoon  of  the  2d,  with  other  regiments  of  the  divi- 
sion, it  was  ordered  up  the  Plank  Road,  to  capture  a  battery  posted  in  its 
front.  Taking  position  on  the  right  of  the  column,  it  advanced  through 
the  woods  on  the  right  of  the  road,  under  a  sharp  fire  of  the  enemy's 
skirmishers.  But  before  attempting  to  accomplish  this  design,  it  was 
ordered  back,  and  returned  to  the  position  in  line  which  it  had  vacated. 
At  nine  on  the  morning  of  the  3d,  suffering  severely  from  an  enfilading 
fire  of  artillery  from  its  right  flank,  it  was  ordered  to  withdraw,  and 
formed  again  in  the  woods  to  the  rear  of  the  Chancellor  House.  Here, 
too,  it  was  exposed  to  a  destructive  fire  of  shells,  and  was  again  moved 
down  the  road  towards  United  States  Ford,  taking  position  on  the  left 
of  the  Eleventh  Corps,  where  intrenchments  were  thrown  up.  At  four 
A.  M.,  of  the  6th,  it  recrossed  the  Rappahannock,  and  returned  to  its  old 
encampment  at  Acquia  Creek.  Its  loss  in  the  campaign  was  six  killed, 
eight  wounded,  and  three  missing.  Lieutenant  Casper  M.  Kingsbury 
was  killed,  and  Lieutenant  William  L.  Patterson,  wounded. 

Until  the  13th  of  June,  the  regiment  remained  in  camp  at  Acquia  Creek. 
Early  on  the  morning  of  that  day,  it  broke  camp  and  proceeded  to  Lees- 
burg,  where  it  arrived  on  the  18th,  and  was  at  once  put  to  fortifying. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  277 

Here  it  remained  engaged  in  fatigue  and  picket  duty,  until  the  26th,  when 
it  crossed  the  Potomac,  and  marched  on  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  ar- 
riving on  the  1st  of  July,  within  two  miles  of  Gettysburg,  and  taking  posi- 
tion on  the  left  of  the  Baltimore  Pike.  On  the  morning  of  the  2d,  it  moved 
a  mile  to  the  front,  to  a  position  on  Gulp's  Hill,  where  it  joined  in  building 
breast-works.  Behind  these  it  rested  undisturbed  until  five  P.  M.,  when 
it  was  led,  with  other  troops  of  the  division,  to  the  assistance  of  the  left, 
then  being  hard  pressed.  The  enemy  on  the  left  having  been  repulsed, 
General  Geary  led  his  troops  back  to  re-occupy  his  abandoned  breast- 
works. But,  in  the  meantime,  the  enemy'  had  pushed  through  and  taken 
possession  of  the  fortifications  and  the  ground,  far  out  towards  the  Balti- 
more Pike.  At  eleven  o'clock  P.  M.,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker  was 
ordered  to  lead  the  regiment  forward,  and  post  the  men  in  the  trenches. 
He  proceeded  to  execute  this  command,  under  the  supposition  that  no 
enemy  was  in  the  vicinity.  Two  companies  on  the  left,  which  were  in 
front,  had  been  brought  into  position,  when  they  received  a  volley  from 
the  hill,  scarcely  six  rods  from  the  flank  and  rear  of  the  command.  The 
remaining  companies  were  immediately  brought  into  line,  perpendicular 
to  the  works,  and  facing  in  the  direction  from  which  the  fire  had  come. 
Scouts  were  at  once  sent  out,  who  soon  discovered  that  the  whole  hill 
and  woods  on  the  right,  were  occupied  by  the  enemy.  This  fact  was  re- 
ported to  Colonel  Cobham— then  engaged  with  General  Kane,  still  en- 
feebled by  his  wounds,  in  bringing  up  the  brigade — who  again  ordered  the 
regiment  to  be  led  into  the  breast-works;  but,  on  being  shown  that  the 
line  would  then  be  exposed  to  an  enfilading  fire  from  the  enemy,  the  po- 
sition already  taken  was  ordered  to  be  held.  In  this  it  remained,  keeping 
close  watch  upon  the  enemy  in  front,  until  three  in  the  morning,  when  it 
was  determined  that  the  line  should  be  moved  a  little  to  the  rear,  so  as  to 
get  the  advantage  of  a  wing  of  the  breast-works  held  by  General  Greene. 
"I  was  endeavoring,"  says  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker,  "to  move  my 
men,  a  man  at  a  time,  with  the  utmost  caution,  when  our  watchful  enemy 
detected  a  move,  and  supposing  we  were  about  to  retire,  opened  fire  upon 
us.  My  men  returned  the  fire,  silencing  their's,  and  then  moved  to  the 
position  assigned  them,  awaiting  daylight  for  the  work  to  begin.  At 
about  a  quarter  before  four,  the  line  of  the  enemy  advanced  with  a  yell. 
We  opened  fire  briskly,  quickly  compelling  them  to  take  the  shelter  of  the 
rocks,  and  of  our  trenches  that  were  in  their  possession.  We  continued 
fighting  in  this  way  until  four  minutes  of  six  o'clock,  when  we  were  re- 
lieved, and  retired  for  the  purpose  of  renewing  our  ammunition.  After 
filling'  our  boxes  and  wiping  our  guns,  we  returned  to  the  position  which 
we  had  left.  At  eleven  o'clock  the  enemy  gave  up  the  contest,  and  we  re- 
occupied  the  works  we  had  built- for  defence.  In  this  fight,  about  half  of 
my  regiment  was  in  open  line,  fighting  a  desperate  enemy,  to  regain  pos- 
session of  the  very  rifle-pits  we  had  built  for  our  protection.  We  ex- 
pended one  hundred  and  sixty  rounds  of  ammunition  to  the  man."  The 
regiment  lost  six  killed  and  seventeen  wounded.  Lieutenant  William  L. 
Patterson  was  among  the  wounded.  On  the  4th,  the  regiment  assisted 


278  PENNSYLVANIA  AT    . 

In  burying  the  dead,  a  large  number  of  whom  were  lying  close  up  to  the 
breast-works. 

After  it  was  ascertained  that  the  enemy  had  retreated,  the  regiment 
Joined  in  the  pursuit,  and  crossing  the  Potomac,  moved  on  south  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  to  the  Rappahannock,  crossing  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  31st. 
On  the  3d  of  August,  it  was  moved  to  Kemper's  Ford,  where  for  six  weeks 
it  was  engaged  on  picket  duty.  On  the  15th  of  September  it  was  relieved, 
and  crossing  the  river  at  Kelly's  Ford,  moved  forward  with  the  army  to- 
wards the  Rapidan.  When  arrived  near  the  stream,  orders  were  received 
detaching  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  transferring  them  to  the  army  of  Rosecrans,  at  Chattanooga.  With- 
drawing from  the  front  on  the  24th,  the  regiment  returned  to  Wash- 
ington, and  was  thence  taken  by  rail  via  Harper's  Ferry,  Bellaire,  Co- 
lumbus, Indianapolis,  Louisville  and  Nashville  to  "Murfreesboro,  where 
it  arrived  on  the  6th  of  October.  On  this  journey,  the  regiment  lost,  of 
drafted  men,  who  had  been  recently  added  to  its  ranks,  one  hundred 
by  desertion.  On  the  10th  it  marched  to  Christiana,  and  after  a  halt  of  ten 
days,  moved  on  to  Stevenson,  Alabama.  A  counter  move  to  Anderson 
was  made,  but  on  the  26th  it  again  moved  forward,  crossing  the  Tennessee 
River,  at  Bridgeport,  arriving  at  Wauhatchie  on  the  28th.  The  move- 
ment of  the  command — which  consisted  of  a  part  of  Geary's  Division,  of 
the  Twelfth  Corps — on  the  afternoon  of  that  day,  were  closely  watched 
by  the  enemy's  Signal  Corps,  from  a  station  on  Lookout  Mountain,  over- 
looking the  valley  along  which  the  Union  troops  were  marching.  At 
about  five  o'clock  in  the  evening  the  command  bivouacked,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  roads  to  Kelly's  and  Brown's  ferries,  over  which  the  trains 
were  moving  for  the  relief  of  the  beleaguered  army  of  Rosecrans,  a  few 
miles  away  at  Chattanooga.  Between  eleven  and  twelve  o'clock  that 
night,  a  sustained  and  very  determined  attack  was  made  upon  the  feeble 
force  in  bivouac,  by  three  brigades  of  the  rebel  army,  which  had  moved 
stealthily  from  their  lines  on  Lookout  Mountain,  with  the  design  of  sur- 
prising and  making  of  it  an  easy  prey.  The  One  hundred  and  eleventh 
was  the  first  to  get  into  line,  taking  position  facing  the  mountain,  and 
was  the  first  struck,  receiving  the  attack  on  its  left  flank,  the  enemy 
advancing  in  heavy  lines  up  the  valley.  Discerning  the  direction  from 
which  the  attack  was  to  come,  it  immediately,  under  a  heavy  fire,  changed 
front  to  rear  on  first  company,  and  presented  a  barrier  to  his  further  ad- 
vance, until  the  other  regiments  of  the  brigade  could  form  on  its  left,  and 
prolong  the  line.  The  attack  was  made  with  much  determination,  but 
was  met  with  a  valor  unsurpassed,  and  when  the  line  was  once  formed, 
it  stood  immovable  until  the  enemy  yielded  the  ground,  and  withdrew, 
with  ranks  fearfully  decimated,  from  the  contest.  The  regiment  sus- 
tained a  loss  of  two  officers  and  eleven  men  killed,  six  officers  and 
twenty-five  men  wounded,  and  one  missing.  Major  Boyle  and  Lieutenant 
Marvin  D.  Pettit  were  killed,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker,  Captains 
Wallace  B.  Warner,  and  James  M.  Wells,  and  Lieutenants  John  J. 
Halght,  Andrew  W.  Tracy,  and  Albert  E.  Black,  were  wounded. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  279 

After  the  battle,  the  regiment  moved  to  a  spur  of  Raccoon  Mountain, 
where  it  lay  in  camp  for  nearly  a  month.  On  the  24th  of  November,  it 
proceeded  early  from  quarters,  to  join  in  a  movement  upon  Lookout 
Mountain.  The  part  taken  by  the  regiment  in  this  and  in  the  subsequent 
movements,  which  swept  Bragg  from  his  strongholds  environing  the 
Union  army,  and  sent  him  in  flight  and  confusion  from  its  front,  will  be 
best  shown  by  the  following  extracts  from  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker's 
report,  Colonel  Cobham  having  been  for  some  time  previous  in  command 
of  the  brigade:  "I  was  aroused  at  about  five  o'clock  of  the  24th,  by  an 
order  to  report  forthwith,  without  knapsacks,  and  with  one  day's  rations, 
at  headquarters.  We  were  soon  under  way,  and  arriving  at  the  headquar- 
ters of  the  division,  were  conducted  to  the  ford  over  Lookout  Creek,  some 
three  miles  above  the  north  point  of  the  mountain.  On  the  road,  we  were 
joined  by  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania,  the  Third  Brigade,  and  Whit- 
aker's  Brigade,  of  the  Fourth  Corps.  Together  with  these  troops,  we 
were  massed  and  screened  from  view  behind  one  of  a  series  of  knobs  that 
lie  adjacent  to  the  creek,  until  the  pioneers  and  some  details  had  suc- 
ceeded in  constructing  a  foot  bridge  over  the  stream.  This  was  soon  ac- 
complished without  resistance,  and  at  nine  o'clock  A.  M.,  my  regiment 
was  crossing  the  creek,  following  the  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania,  and 
closely  followed  by  the  Third  Brigade,  the  Sixtieth  New  York  joining  us. 
We  continued  marching  by  the  flank,  until  we  had  gained  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  slope  of  the  mountain,  when  we  halted,  fronted,  dressed, 
threw  out  a  strong  skirmish  line  to  cover  the  front,  and  awaited  the  order 
of  the  General  commanding  to  move  forward.  The  front  line  had  thus 
attained  its  position,  and  the  reserve — General  Whitaker's  Brigade — was 
well  on  its  way,  when  the  order  was  brought.  As  we  went  forward,  our 
skirmishers  soon  became  engaged,  and  pressed  the  enemy's,  without  be- 
ing for  a  moment  delayed.  We  continued  to  move  in  line,  excepting  two 
short  halts  for  breathing  spells,  until  we  approached  and  could  get  a 
glimpse  of  the  point  of  the  mountain.  The  line  now  moved  so  that  the 
Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania,  which  had  the  right,  should  crown  the  main 
spur  just  below  the  peak.  The  enemy  was  now  pouring  a  sharp  fire, 
from  the  cover  of  every  rock;  but  with  cheers  the  line  moved  steadily  on, 
capturing  and  sending  to  the  rear  many  prisoners  without  escort.  The 
position  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  in  conjunction  with  the  Twen- 
ty-ninth, in  the  line,  was  such,  that  our  advance  continually  turned  the 
entrenchments  of  the  enemy,  while  regiments  on  our  left,  charged  to 
their  very  teeth.  As  we  crowned  the  north  ridge,  immediately  under  the 
point  o"f  the  mountain,  we  saw  the  enemy  lying  in  their  entrenchments  be- 
low us,  and  the  troops  of  the  Third  Brigade  rushing  forward  with  the  bay- 
onet. We  fired  but  few  shots  here,  as  our  superior  position  and  the  steel 
of  our  troops  was  too  much  for  the  enemy,  and  they  either  surrendered  or 
fled.  At  twelve  o'clock  M.,  in  conjunction  with  the  Twenty-ninth,  we  were 
in  line  from  the  point  of  the  mountain  down  the  main  spur.  Prom  this 
position  we  faced  to  the  right,  and  filed  to  the  left,  close  around  the  cliffs, 
going  to  the  east  side.  We  here  fronted,  occupying  the  highest  available 


280  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

part  of  the  slope,  and  remained  until  relieved,  about  ten  o'clock  P.  M.,  by 
fresh  troops.  We  bivouacked,  after  supplying  ourselves  with  one  hun- 
dred rounds  of  ammunition  per  man,  in  the  old  camp  of  the  enemy.* 
Early  on  the  morning  of  the  25th,  we  were  meved  out  by  the  left,  the 
Twenty-ninth  following,  and  posted  on  the  west  slope  of  the  mountain, 
the  left  resting  against  the  cliffs,  to  guard  against  any  approach,  along 
this  side  of  the  mountain.  We  left  this  position  about  twelve  o'clock  M., 
marched  down  the  east  slope  of  the  mountain,  across  the  valley  to  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  and  turning  to  the  left,  kept  down  the  ridge  for  some 
distance,  moving  in  column  doubled  on  the  centre,  until  ordered  up  the 
slope.  Before  reaching  the  summit,  the  enemy  had  fled.  We  now  bivou- 
acked at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  and  at  a  little  past  ten  A.  M.,  of  the  26th,  we 
started  on  the  road  to  Ringgold.  We  marched  this  day  without  provi- 
sions, and  at  night  reached  Pigeon  Ridge,  where  we  bivouacked.  We 
were  under  arms  at  do y light,  and  started  again,  hungry— the  supply  trains 
not  having  come  up— and  reached  the  town  of  Ringgold,  about  eleven 
o'clock  A.  M.,  and  were  ordered  into  line  in  the  old  cornfield,  on  the  right 
front  of  the  depot,  where  we  lay,  submitting,  without  return  shots,  to  the 
fire  of  the  enemy's  sharpshooters,  concealed  in  the  forest  that  lined  the 
slope  of  Taylor's  Ridge,  on  which  they  were  posted.  We  remained  here 
until  the  heights  were  carried  on  the  left,  when  my  regiment  was  moved 
forward  to  hold  the  gap."  In  this  series  of  engagements,  the  regiment 
lost  three  killed  and  seven  wounded,  Captain  William  A.  Thomas,  and 
Lieutenant  Plympton  A.  Mead,  being  of  the  latter. 

The  campaign  was  now  ended,  and  on  the  1st  of  December,  the  regi- 
ment marched  back  to  its  old  camp,  on  Raccoon  Mountain.  Having  re- 

'Quartermaster  General  Melgs,  who  was  on  the  field  at  the  headquarters  of  General 
Grant,  in  full  view  of  the  operations  of  Geary's  Division,  as  it  swept  around  the  breast 
of  Lookout  Mountain,  in  this  ever  memorable  battle,  in  a  letter  written  at  half-past 
eleven  on  the  night  of  the  26lh,  to  the  Hon.  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of  War,  says: 
"  •  •  *  Skirmishing  and  cannonading  continued  all  day  on  the  left  and  centre. 
General  Hooker  scaled  the  slopes  of  Lookout  Mountain,  from  the  valley  of  Lookout 
Creek,  drove  the  rebels  arcund  the  point,  captured  gome  two  thousand  prisoners,  and 
established  himself  high  up  the  mourtain  side,  in  full  view  of  Chattanooga.  •  •  • 
All  night,  the  point  of  Missionary  Ridge,  on  the  extreme  left,  and  the  side  of  I^ookout 
Mountain,  on  the  extreme  right,  blazed  with  the  camp  fires  of  loyal  troops.  The  day 
had  been  one  of  driving  mists  and  rains,  and  much  of  Hooker's  battle  was  fought 
AHOVK  TIIK  o.orns.  which  concealed  him  from  our  view,  but  from  which  his  musketry 
was  heard.  At  night-fall  the  sky  cleared,  and  the  full  moon — the  hunter's  moon — 
shone  upon  the  beautiful  scene.  Till  one  A.  M.,  twinkling  sparks  upon  the  mountain 
side,  showed  that  picket  skirmishing  was  still  going  on;  then  it  ceased.  •  •  • 
At  daylight  of  the  25th,  the  stars  and  stripes  were  discerned  on  the  peak  of  Lookout. 
The  rebels  had  evacuated  the  mountain.  Hooker  moved  to  descend  the  mountain,  and 
striking  Missionary  Ridge  at  the  Rcssville  Gap,  sweep  it  on  both  sides  and  on  It*  sum- 
mit. •  •  •  The  other  assault  to  the  right  of  our  centre,  gained  the  summit, 
and  the  rebels  threw  down  thei-  arrr.s.  or  fled.  Hooker,  in  coming  in  from  Rossvllle, 
swept  the  right  of  the  ridge,  and  captured  many  prisoners.  Bragg's  remaining  troops 
left  early  in  the  night,  and  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  after  three  days  of  manoeuv- 
ring and  fighting,  was  wr  n.  The  strength  of  the  rebellion  in  the  centre  was  broken, 
Bumslde  relieved  from  danger,  Kast  Tennessee  rescued,  Georgia  and  the  Southeast 
threatened  In  the  rear,  and  another  leaf  added  to  the  chapter  of  "Unconditional  Sur- 
render Grant." 

The  expression.  "Battle  above  the  Clouds,"  here  used  by  General  Meigs.  which  la 
given  prrminence  in  the  printing  above,  first  gave  this  title  to  the  battle  of  Lookout 
Mountain. 


CH1CKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  281 

enlisted  for  a  second  term,  the  regiment  departed  for  home  on  the  28th, 
on  its  well  earned  veteran  furlough,  arriving  at  Erie",  on  the  afternoon  of 
the  14th  of  January,  1864,  where  it  was  most  cordially  received  by  the 
citizens. 

At  the  expiration  of  the  furlough,  the  command  rendezvoused  at  Pitts- 
burgh, and  moved  thence,  by  rail,  to  Bridgeport,  Alabama,  where  it  re- 
ported to  General  Geary,  and  was  assigned  by  him  to  the  Third  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  Twentieth  Corps.  Early  in  May,  Sherman's  Campaign 
on  Atlanta  opened,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  3d,  the  division  crossed 
the  Tennessee,  and  moving  via  Shellmound,  Whiteside  and  Wauhatchie, 
crossed  Lookout  Mountain,  Chickamauga  Hills,  and  Taylor's  Ridge,  and 
on  the  8th,  came  up  with  the  enemy,  where  the  regiment  acted  as  support 
to  the  cavalry.  Early  in  the  day,  it  went  into  position  at  Snake  Creek 
Gap,  where  it  awaited  the  arrival  of  McPherson's  column,  moving  via 
Lafayette.  At  five  P.  M.,  it  was  relieved,  and  countermarching,  rejoined 
the  division  at  Mill  Creek  Church.  On  the  12th,  the  command  marched 
through  Snake  Gap,  towards  Resaca,  and  on  the  following  day  went 
into  position  in  reserve,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dalton,  Calhoun,  and 
Sugar  Valley  roads,  where  it  entrenched.  The  morning  of  the  14th 
found  it  on  its  way  to  the  left  of  the  army,  and  taking  position,  was  en- 
gaged in  covering  the  front  with  rifle-pits.  On  the  following  day,  it  re- 
turned to  the  right,  where  the  entire  corps  was  massed,  to  charge  the 
enemy  upon  the  opposite  hills.  The  One  hundred  and  eleventh  moved 
against  a  four-gun  battery,  posted  in  a  natural  basin,  a  little  in  front  of 
the  fortified  line  of  the  enemy.  The  advance  was  gallantly  made,  and  at 
the  parapet,  the  men  took  shelter  and  picked  off  the  rebel  gunners,  but 
were  unable  to  gain  the  interior,  on  account  of  the  enemy's  concentrated 
fire.  At  nightfall,  tools  were  brought,  and  the  work  of  digging  through 
the  parapet  to  obtain  the  guns,  was  commenced.  At  half  past  ten,  fresh 
troops  were  sent  in,  who  commenced  the  work,  and  before  midnight,  the 
guns  were  reached  and  triumphantly  brought  off.  The  regiment  lost  in 
this  assault,  four  killed,  twenty-four  wounded,  and  two  missing.  Captain 
Charles  Woeltge  was  among  the  killed,  and  Captain  James  M.  Wells 
among  the  wounded. 

During  the  night  the  enemy  fell  back,  and  the  Union  troops  pressed  on 
in  pursuit,  the  regiment  crossing  the  Connessauga  River,  at  Fite's  Ford, 
and  the  Cossawaltee,  at  McClure's  Ford,  and  with  skirmishers  deployed, 
advanced  on  the  19th,  to  within  three-fourths  of  a  mile  of  Cassville.  On 
the  23d,  the  division  moved  by  Cassville  Station  and  Etowah  Cliffs,  to  the 
south  side  of  the  Etowah  River,  followed  up  Raccoon  Creek,  crossed  the 
Allatoona  Mountains,  and  on  the  25th  passed  over  Pumpkin  Vine  Creek, 
which,  by  recent  rains,  was  soon  at  flood  tide.  The  division  here  met 
the  advance  of  the  enemy,  and  halted,  while  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker, 
with  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  was  sent  through  the  woods  to  the 
right,  to  open  communication  with  General  Williams'  Division,  which 
had  crossed  below.  This  was  successfully  accomplished,  and  the  regi- 
ment had  returned,  when,  at  nightfall,  it  was  advanced  through  a  wood 


282  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

against  the  enemy,  in  position  near  New  Hope  Church.  In  this  night  en- 
counter, the  regiment  lost  five  killed  or  mortally  wounded,  thirty-five 
wounded,  and  three  missing.  Captain  Martellus  H.  Todd  was  among  the 
killed,  and  Lieutenant  Andrew  W.  Tracy  among  the  wounded. 

On  the  morning  of  the  26th,  the  command  moved  to  the  right,  taking 
position  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  corps,  where  a  strong  line  of  en- 
trenchments was  thrown  up,  but  on  the  following  day,  was  moved  for- 
ward on  the  Dallas  Road,  where  severe  skirmishing  ensued,  resulting  in  a 
loss  to  the  regiment,  of  three  killed  and  four  wounded.  Until  the  close  of 
the  month,  skirmishing  was  almost  continuous,  with  a  loss,  on  the  28th,  of 
one  killed,  on  the  29th  of  one  killed  and  one  wounded,  and  on  the  31st  of 
three  killed.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  1st  of  June,  and  bivouacked 
in  rear  of  the  Fourth  Corps,  on  the  road  to  Acworth.  On  the  3d,  the 
brigade  was  posted  to  hold  the  bridge  across  the  Allatoona  Creek,  near 
Acworth,  and  two  days  after,  rejoined  the  division  at  the  cross  roads 
leading  to  Big  Shanty,  where  a  heavy  line  of  breast-works  was  thrown  up. 
A  week  later,  it  moved  forward  to  Pine  Mountain,  and  again  entrenched. 
On  the  15th,  the  enemy  abandoned  his  position  on  the  mountain,  and  in 
the  pursuit  which  was  ordered,  the  regiment  was  thrown  forward  as  skir- 
mishers, pressing  hard  upon  his  rear,  and  losing  in  the  encounter,  four 
killed  and  ten  wounded.  The  enemy's  works  were  occupied,  but  the  ad- 
vance was  soon  sounded,  and  on  the  17th,  again  skirmished,  losing  three 
killed  and  six  wounded,  and  on  the  19th,  one  wounded.  On  the  31st,  it  was 
ordered,  in  conjunction  with  the  One  hundred  and  thirty-seventh  New 
York,  to  carry  a  hill  on  Grier's  Plantation,  occupied  by  the  enemy,  which 
was  successfully  accomplished,  with  a  loss  of  one  killed  and  eight  wound- 
ed, Lieutenant  John  J.  Haight,  being  among  the  wounded.  On  the  follow- 
ing day,  the  hill  was  completely  occupied  and  intrenched.  Remaining  but 
a  few  days,  the  lines  again  pressed  steadily  forward,  skirmishing  and  in- 
trenching as  they  went;  the  regiment  losing  on  the  27th,  one  killed,  on  the 
•  28th,  one  killed  and  one  missing,  on  the  1st  of  July,  two  wounded,  on  the 
10th,  two  wounded,  and  on  the  evening  of  the  19th,  arrived  on  the  bank 
of  Peach  Tree  Creek.  This  was  crossed  before  dark,  the  enemy's  skir- 
mishers being  driven  from  the  opposite  bluffs— the  regiment  losing  in  the 
charge,  one  killed  and  three  wounded.  A  line  of  works  was  thrown  up, 
but  at  noon  of  the  following  day,  the  brigade  was  moved  forward  and 
massed,  as  was  understood,  in  rear  of  the  First  and  Second  Brigades.  At 
three  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  enemy  attacked  in  full  force,  and  with  singular 
impetuosity.  The  One  hundred  and  eleventh  was  immediately  thrown 
forward  to  meet  him,  and  advancing  across  a  ravine,  and  up  the  opposite 
slope,  found,  on  arriving  at  the  summit,  its  right  suddenly  enveloped, 
front,  flank,  and  rear,  by  the  foe,  who  was  advancing  through  a  gap  in  the 
line,  and  was  now  struggling  fiercely  for  the  mastery.  Without  support, 
and  taken  at  a  great  disadvantage,  the  regiment  made  a  heroic  stand, 
but  was  finally  forced  back  a  short  distance,  where  the  line  was  reformed 
and  held.  The  fighting  was,  for  the  most  part,  hand  to  hand,  and  very 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  283 

severe.  Near  the  close  of  the  struggle,  Colonel  Cobham  fell,  mortally 
wounded,  and  expired  on  the  field.  The  loss  was  seventeen  killed  and 
twenty-seven  wounded.  Lieutenants  William  C.  Hay,  Jesse  Moore, 
Christian  Sexauer,  William  P.  Gould,  and  Henry  Dieffenbach,  were 
among  the  wounded,  and  Lieutenants  Cyrus  A.  Hayes,  Hamilton  R. 
Sturdevant,  and  Hiram  Bissel,  taken  prisoners. 

On  the  22d,  a  further  advance  was  made,  and  passing  through  the 
enemy's  outer  works,  the  command  approached  within  two  miles  of  the 
city  of  Atlanta,  and  immediately  proceeded  to  throw  up  a  strong  line  of 
defences,  preparatory  to  bombarding  the  city.  Until  the  night  of  the 
26th,  the  work  of  fortifying  was  pushed  vigorously  forward,  when  the 
division  moved  to  the  left,  and  occupied  the  position  fortified  by  the 
Third  Division,  where,  for  a  month,  it  remained,  making  repeated  feints, 
and  having,  in  the  meantime,  some  severe  skirmishing.  On  the  25th  of 
August,  retiring  quietly  from  its  works,  the  command  proceeded  to 
Pace's  Ferry,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  where  a  formidable  redoubt 
for  infantry  was  built,  and  a  line  of  rifle-pits  was  thrown  up.  On  the 
morning  of  the  2d  of  September,  a  force  consisting  of  the  One  hundred 
and  eleventh  and  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania,  the  Sixtieth  and  One  hun- 
dred and  second  New  York,  and  twenty  men  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry,  all  under  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Walker,  was  sent 
forward  on  a  reconnoissance  towards  the  city.  Pushing  rapidly  forward 
in  pursuit  of  General  Ferguson's  Rebel  Cavalry,  who  retired  as  it  ad- 
vanced, the  command  arrived  at  ten  A.  M.  in  front  of  the  city,  and  soon 
after,  with  the  colors  of  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh,  and  the  Sixtieth 
New  York,  at  the  head  of  the  column,  moved  in  and  occupied  Atlanta, 
displaying  the  colors  from  the  City  Hall,  amidst  the  wildest  enthusiasm 
of  the  troops. 

The  One  hundred  and  eleventh  was  ordered  to  report  to  the  Post  Com- 
mander, for  provost  duty,  and  was  assigned  to  the  public  square  for 
camping  ground.  Until  the  16th  of  November,  it  remained  on  duty  here, 
when,  the  army  having  already  marched  on  the  Campaign  to  the  Sea,  the 
regiment,  together  with  the  Third  and  Thirty-third  Massachusetts,  moved 
in  rear,  overtaking  their  respective  commands  at  Milledgeville.  "This," 
says  an  officer,  "was  glorious  campaigning.  Eating  up  a  fat  land,  and 
meeting  a  feeble  enemy."  On  the  10th  of  December,  the  army  arrived 
in  front  of  Savannah,  and  at  once  began  to  erect  works.  On  the  night 
of  the  20th,  it  having  been  discovered  that  the  enemy  was  evacuating,  the 
division  moved  into  the  city,  and  at  daylight,  the  colors  of  the  regiment, 
with  those  of  the  division,  were  unfurled  from  the  Exchange.  The  regi- 
ment was  assigned  to  provost  duty,  and  encamped  in  the  public  squares 
of  the  city.  On  the  27th  6f  January,  1865,  the  division  started  on  the 
Carolina  campaign,  and  on  the  20th  of  March,  arrived  at  Goldsboro,  North 
Carolina,  where  supplies — by  this  time  much  needed — were  received.  The 
regiment  lost  three  killed,  in  this  campaign,  while  out  on  foraging  duty. 
The  One  hundred  and  ninth,  and  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regiments 
having  served  side  by  side,  since  the  Spring  of  1862,  at  the  request  of  their 
19 


284  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

commanding  officers,  seconded  by  the  men,  were  here  consolidated,  eight 
hundred  and  eighty-five  strong,  as  the  One  hundred  and  eleventh  Regi- 
ment. After  the  surrender  of  Johnston,  which  soon  followed,  the  com- 
mand moved  to  Raleigh,  and  thence,  by  way  of  Richmond,  to  Wash- 
ington, where  it  participated  in  the  grand  review  of  the  National  armies. 
The  regiment  was  here  ordered  to  report  to  General  Augur,  commandant 
of  the  city,  by  whom  it  was  assigned  to  duty  in  guarding  the  Old  Capitol, 
Carroll,  and  other  prisons,  and  where  it  remained  until  the  19th  of  July, 
when  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

147TH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY 

NEAR  CRAVEN'S  HOUSE,  LOOKOUT  MOUNTAIN,  TENN.,  NOVEMBER  ISxn,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  CORPORAL,  JOSEPH  A.  L-UMBARD. 

/COMRADES  of  the  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
unteers, Heroes  of  the  White  Star  Division,  Survivors  of  a  Score  of 

^^  Battles: — Upon  this  historic  ground  I  greet  you.  Before  us,  as  far  as 
the  eye  can  reach,  is  stretched  in  panoramic  grandeur,  points  of  historic 
interest,  made  so  by  the  heroism  of  yourselves  and  your  comrades  in  one 
of  the  greatest  wars  of  modern  times,  and  which  will  not  be  forgotten  as 
long  as  yon  mountain  rears  its  craggy  peak  heavenward,  or  the  waters  of 
the  historic  Tennessee,  flowing  so  placidly  at  your  feet,  roll  onward  to  the 
ocean.  The  years,  as  they  come  and  go,  will  shed  additional  lustre  around 
the  doings  of  those  four  eventful  autumn  days  in  1863,  and  the  great 
victories  won  by  the  Union  armies  under  our  matchless  Grant,  in  and 
around  Chattanooga,  will  continue  to  challenge  the  wonder  and  admira- 
tion of  the  military  student  when  the  fields  of  Waterloo  and  Austerlitz 
are  forgotten. 

I  would,  my  comrades,  that  I  possessed  the  oratorical  ability  of  a  Clay 
or  a  Webster  to  do  justice  to  the  occasion.  Wishes,  however,  are  vain, 
and  I  must  content  myself  with  the  ability  I  possess,  meager  as  it  is,  to 
address  you  upon  this,  to  us,  very  interesting  and  important  occasion. 

The  summer  of  '63  found  the  Union  army  in  a  very  favorable  condition. 
It  Is  true  that  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  had  met  with  a  defeat  at  the 
battle  of  Chancellorsville,  where  Stonewall  Jackson  with  almost  super- 
human effort  had  thrown  himself  against  the  right  flank  of  our  army  and 
driven  it  back  in  disorder;  but  the  loss  of  that  distinguished  soldier  illy 
repaid  the  south  for  the  victory  won,  for  his  death  marks  the  waning 


..•*--     . -i 

fc^*rtJ^ 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  285 

point  in  the  history  of  the  "lost  cause,"  and  the  Army  of  Northern  Vir- 
ginia was  no  longer  invincible,  and,  in  point  of  fact,  never  won  an  import- 
ant battle  after  his  death.  The  important  victories  won  by  the  Union 
armies  at  Gettysburg  and  Vicksburg,  following  each  other  in  such  close 
succession,  clearly  indicated  that  the  beginning  of  the  end  of  the  gigantic 
rebellion  was  at  hand,  and  there  was  rejoicing  throughout  the  loyal  north. 

Suddenly  this  joy  was  turned  into  the  deepest  sorrow.  General  Bragg 
who  commanded  the  Confederate  army  in  Tennessee,  and  who  had  been 
driven  through  Tennessee  by  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  under  General 
Rosecrans,  and  which  was  lying  south  of  Chattanooga,  was  re-enforced 
by  Longstreet's  Corps  from  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  in  a  des- 
perate conflict  defeated  the  Union  army  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga, 
fought  upon  ground  within  sight  of  where  we  are  to-day  gathered,  and 
which  was  the  only  battle  lost  by  the  gallant  old  Army  of  the  Cumberland 
during  the  war.  I  well  remember,  as  you -do,  my  comrades,  of  the  great 
demonstration  of  rejoicing  in  the  rebel  army,  south  of  the  Rappahannock, 
over  that  victory,  how  their  bands  played  the  "Bonny  Blue  Flag,"  "Away 
Down  South  in  Dixie,"  and  how  our  army  was  correspondingly  des- 
pondent. In  this  department  the  rebels  were  greatly  encouraged  and  were 
making  active  preparations  to  attack  Rosecrans,  who  had  fallen  back  to 
Chattanooga. 

Early  in  October  the  llth  and  12th  corps  of  the  Army  t>f  the  Potomac 
were  loaded  upon  the  cars  at  Bealeton  Station  and,  after  a  tedious  ride  of 
seven  nights  and  six  days  in  box  cars,  these  veteran  troops  reached  their 
destination  and  were  strung  along  the  railroad  from  Murfreesboro,  Tenn., 
to  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  under  command  of  "Fighting  Joe  Hooker." 

Rosecrans'  army  depended  upon  this  long  line  of  railroad  for  the  ar- 
rival of  supplies  as  far  as  Bridgeport,  from  whence- it  had  to  be  trans- 
ported by  teams  for  a  long  distance  over  a  country  subject  to  raids  by  the 
enemy,  and  under  these  circumstances  the  falling  back  of  the  Union 
army  to  Murfreesboro  was  only  a  question  of  time,  hence  the  arrival  of 
our  command  was  very  opportune. 

General  Grant  in  his  Memoirs,  Vol.  2,  page  35,  says:  "The  army  was  short 
of  ammunition  and  medical  supplies,  not  having  ammunition  enough  for 
a  day's  fighting."  In  the  same  volume,  page  38,  the  author  says:  "With 
the  aid  of  steamers  and  Hooker's  teams,  the  troops  received  full  rations 
within  five  days  after  my  arrival  here." 

On  the  24th  of  October,  General  Grant  ordered  General  Hooker  to  march 
from  Bridgeport  to  Chattanooga.  On  the  25th  General  Geary,  with  part 
of  his  division  crossed  the  Tennessee  River  on  pontoons  at  Bridgeport, 
Ala.  On  the  evening  of  the  28th,  his  troops,  consisting  of  the  Second  and 
Third  Brigades  and  four  guns  of  Knap's  Battery,  reached  Wauhatchie 
Valley,  in  the  vicinity  of  where  Wauhatchie  Station  now  is,  and  went  into 
camp  for  the  night.  General  Longstreet's  troops  were  in  camp  on  the 
mountain  here,  and  had  a  splendid  view  of  the  "boys  in  blue"  as  the  long 
column  marched  into  camp.  General  Longstreet,  with  true  soldierly  in- 
stinct, determined  to  make  a  night  attack  upon  the  unsuspecting  enemy. 


286  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

To  decide  with  Longstreet  was  to  act,  and  in  the  darkness  of  the  night  he 
made  an  impetuous  assault  upon  the  Union  forces,  which  was  repulsed 
with  great  gallantry,  and  which  resulted  in  the  repulse  of  the  "men  in 
gray."  In  that  terrific  night  engagement,  Lieutenant  Edward  Geary,  of 
the  battery,  and  upwards  of  four  hundred  men  were  killed  and  wounded. 
The  enemy  suffered  equally  heavy  in  killed  and  wounded,  besides  losing 
a  number  of  prisoners. 

On  the  day  following  the  battle,  our  regiment  with  part  of  the  brigade 
under  command  of  Colonel  Ario  Pardee,  reached  the  battlefield  of  the 
night  previous.  As  we  came  in  sight  of  Lookout  Mountain  we  could 
readily  discover  the  rebel  signal  corps  signaling  to  Bragg's  headquarters, 
and  as  we  approached  we  could  see  the  heavy  guns  planted  on  the 
mountain.  Among  the  members  of  company  G,  of  our  regiment, 
was  a  soldier  by  the  name  of  Isaac  Reed,  who  had  never  been  under  fire. 
He  remarked  to  one  of  the  file  in  which  he  was  marching,  "Ich  winch  sie 
data  amohl  do  rivver  scheesa."  Scarcely  had  the  words  left  his  lips,  ere  a 
thirty  pounder  came  crashing  over  our  heads  and  knocked  off  the  top  of  a 
tree  about  fifty  yards  from  the  company,  when  Reed  quickened  his  steps 
and  said:  "Now  auver  will  ich's  nimmy  man  harra." 

We  went  into  camp  for  the  night  within  easy  range  of  the  enemy's  ar- 
tillery, and  were  fired  at  quite  frequently  during  the  afternoon  and  even- 
ing but  fortunately,  outside  of  being  pretty  badly  scared,  no  damage  was 
done.  We  spent  the  remainder  of  the  day  in  looking  over  the  battlefield, 
viewing  the  dead  rebels,  and  interviewing  the  prisoners  who  were  confined 
in  a  rail  pen.  They  seemed  to  be  real  glad  to  see  us  as  they  knew  we  were 
from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  A  sergeant,  a  fine,  soldierly  looking  fel- 
low said:  "Yanks,  I'm  mighty  glad  to  see  you'ns  all,  I'd  a  darned  sight 
sooner  be  with  you'ns  than  with  Bragg's  ragamuffins." 

J  will  not  detain  you  by  attempting  to  recount  the  privations  and  suffer- 
ings endured  during  the  weeks  that  we-  were  encamped  in  Wauhatchie 
Valley,  of  the  quarter  rations,  and  of  the  hard  work  we  done  in  building 
corduroy  roads,  and  fortifying  our  position  so  as  to  resist  any  attack  the 
enemy  might  make  upon  us.  The  march  from  Wauhatchie  to  near  Gray's 
Ferry  was  made  over  the  road  used  to  haul  supplies  and  the  road 
was  literally  covered  with  dead  horses  and  mules.  About  this  time  it 
was  currently  reported  in  the  ranks  that  General  Hooker  was  prepar- 
ing to  charge  Lookout  Mountain,  and  that  volunteers  would  be  called  for 
from  our  comnmnd  to  assault  the  mountain.  We  well  remember,  as  we 
stood  in  our  camp  and  scanned  the  mountain  from  its  base  to  its  highest 
peak  which  frowned  down  upon  us,  that  we  thought  an  attempt  to  carry 
the  mountain  would  be  an  act  of  madness  that  would  result  in  the  de- 
struodon  of  any  command  that  would  undertake  the  fool-hardy  task. 
Little  did  we  imagine  that  the  attempt  would  be  made,  and  that  this 
seeming  stronghold  would  fall  such  an  easy  prey,  and  with  such  a  com- 
parative small  loss  of  life. 

On  the  22d  the  signs  of  a  forward  movement  were  apparent  on  every 
hand,  which  meant  an  attack  upon  the  enemy's  almost  impregnable 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  287 

position,  with  the  left  confidently  and  defiantly  resting  on  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, with  the  centre  strongly  intrenched  on  Missionary  Ridge,  and  his 
right  strongly  intrenched  at  Tunnel  Hill.  On  the  23d  the  army  became  en- 
gaged on  our  left,  where  Sherman's  veterans  were  gallantly  resisted  by 
Cheatman's  Confederates,  and  which  was  kept  up  with  great  tenacity 
during  the  day.  After  we  had  retired  for  the  night  orders  were  issued  to 
our  command  to  be  ready  to  move  by  daylight.  The  information  was 
passed  from  mess  to  mess  by  the  orderly  sergeants.  We  at  once,  with  a 
soldier's  intuition,  decided  that  this  order  meant  a  charge  on  the  morrow 
on  Lookout's  frowning  height.  We  spent  that  night,  as  we  had  spent 
many  nights  before  on  the  eve  of  battle,  speculating  upon  the  general 
results. 

The  dawn  of  the  24th  of  November  found  us  up  and  ready  for  the  move, 
a  hasty  breakfast  was  prepared  and  disposed  of,  and  the  usual  brief 
letters  were  penned  to  loved  ones  at  home  informing  them  of  the  contem- 
plated move.  By  about  eight  o'clock  A.  M.,  the  regiment,  numbering 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  heavy  details  having  been  made  for 
picket,  formed  into  line  and  with  the  rest  of  the  brigade  moved  towards 
our  old  camp  in  Wauhatchie  Valley,  and  were  soon  lost  to  the  view  of  the 
rebels.  Marching  with  great  celerity,  we  soon  reached  the  vicinity  of 
Wauhatchie  Junction.  Here  we  were  ordered  to  unsling  knapsacks  and 
to  pile  up  any  superfluous  baggage,  guards  were  placed  over  the  equipage, 
and  we  moved  off  in  light  marching  order.  We  crossed  Chattanooga 
Creek  on  an  improvised  bridge  on  the  breast  of  a  dam  near  an  old  mill. 
The  regiment,  with  the  rest  of  the  brigade,  at  once  formed  a  line  of 
battle  with  our  flank  resting  well  up  the  western  slope  of  the  moun- 
tain, then  moving  forward  towards  the  nose  of  the  mountain  there 
commenced  one  of  the  most  difficult  forward  movements  that  the 
One  hundred  and  forty-seventh,  in  its  three  years'  service,  was  ever 
called  upon  to  undergo.  The  Second  and  Third  Brigades  were  in 
advance,  but  our  line,  following  the  advancing  columns  in  close  order,  not 
being  over  one  hundred  yards  in  the  rear,  pressed  forward  rapidly. 
Upon  reaching  the  nose  of  the  mountain,  the  Union  guns  from  Moccasin 
Point  batteries  opened  a  terrific  fire  upon  the  mountain,  the  shells,  which 
were  of  heavy  caliber,  went  crashing  into  and  over  the  highest  point  of  the 
mountain,  where  the  rebels  had  their  heavy  guns  planted,  and  these  guns, 
answering  our  batteries,  made  the  rocky  fastness  quake  and  tremble  with 
the  exploding  of  shells  and  the  concussion  of  the  siege  pieces,  which 
caused  the  stoutest  heart  to  quail.  Up  to  this  time  the  enemy,  which  had 
been  engaged  by  our  pickets  along  the  northeast  slope  of  the  mountain, 
were  not  aware  of  our  advance,  and  when,  at  about  ten  o'clock,  we  rushed 
into  their  camp,  they  made  but  a  half-hearted  resistance  and  those  who 
were  not  captured  retreated  towards  the  Craven  House.  Prom  prisoners 
taken  we  learned  that  they  belonged  to  Wallthall's  Mississippians,  and 
that  there  were  three  brigades  on  the  mountain,  commanded  by  Major 
General  Stevenson. 

It  is  near  eleven  o'clock,  and  a  halt  has  been  made  for  some  time.    In 
our  front,  on  the  Chattanooga  side  of  the  mountain,  near  the  Craven 


288  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

House,  in  a  strong  line  of  earth  works,  the  enemy  had  a  battery  of  brass 
Napoleons,  and  made  a  stand  here.  The  enemy,  from  the  top  of  the 
mountain,  by  means  of  his  sharpshooters,  made  It  uncomfortable  for  UB. 
The  latter  became  so  bold  that  they  stood  upon  the  topmost  crag  of  the 
palisade  and  fired  deliberately  into  our  ranks.  Corporal  Nate  Wagner,  of 
company  F,  loaded  his  Enfield  rifle  and  drew  a  bead  on  one  of  the  John- 
nies. When  Nate's  gun  cracked  the  Johnny  threw  up  his  hands  and  fell 
forward  among  the  rocks.  After  this  the  sharpshooters  kept  themselves 
more  concealed,  but  the  bullets  continued  to  come  among  us  pretty 
freely. 

After  lying  here  for  some  time,  the  command  rang  out  "One  hundred 
and  forty-seventh  fall  in,"  and  forward  with  the  column  we  went.  The 
enemy  was  driven  from  his  position,  and  the  battery  was  ours.  The  enemy 
continued  his  retreat  up  the  slope  of  the  mountain.  We  advanced  beyond 
the  house.  Here  the  command  was  given,  "change  direction,  by  right  of 
company  into  line,  double-quick  march."  Promptly  the  regiment  was 
brought  into  line  facing  west  and  at  right  angles  to  our  former  position. 
About  this  time  the  enemy  was  delivering  a  pretty  heavy  fire  from  his 
position  near  the  top  of  the  mountain,  but  fortunately  was  shooting  over 
us.  At  this  time  the  smoke  of  battle  had  settled  down  over  us,  hiding  us 
from  the  sight  of  the  troops  in  and  around  Chattanooga,  and  which  caused 
it  to  be  called  "The  Battle  abo-ve  the  Clouds."  During  the  engagement 
here  the  regiment  passed  through  one  of  the  most  trying  ordeals  it  was 
ever  called  upon  to  respond  to.  Toward  evening  the  regiment  was  be- 
ing moved  over  toward  the  right  and  in  the  movement  it  became  neces- 
sary to  countermarch  the  command.  While  the  movement  was  being 
executed,  and  just  at  the  time  it  was  half  completed,  the  enemy 
opened  upon  us  with  a  heavy  volley  of  musketry.  Some  one  called  out 
"front."  Owing  to  the  peculiar  formation  of  the  regiment  we  could  not 
come  to  a  "front."  The  men,  as  was  quite  natural  to  suppose,  became 
confused,  and  for  a  time  there  was  some  little  disorder.  At  this  point 
Adjutant  Samuel  F.  McGee  drew  his  sword  and  threatened  to  cut  down 
the  first  man  who  attempted  to  run.  Ed  Fisher,  of  company  G,  in  his 
characteristic  speech,  said,  "By  thunder,  adjutant,  the  men  don't  want  to 

run;  just  tell  them  how  to  get  "front"  as  they  are,  and  by  G d  they'll 

get  there."  At  this  juncture  the  command  was  given  to  continue  the  coun- 
termarch. This  was  executed  under  pretty  heavy  firing  and  the  old  One 
hundred  and  forty-seventh  soon  took  its  place  in  the  line  of  battle. 

The  firing  from  the  top  of  the  mountain  was  kept  up  until  late  in 
the  night.  Re-enforcements  reached  us  during  the  evening.  The  men 
carried  ammunition  in  their  shelter  tents  and  gum-blankets  to  replace 
that  which  was  expended  during  the  day. 

About  eight  o'clock  at  night,  our  regiment  was  moved  up  on  the  picket 
line,  and  a  detail  of  skirmishers  were  sent  out  a  short  distance  in  advance 
of  the  regiment.  Those  of  us  who  were  here  will  never  forget  that  night. 
The  enemy  were  above  us  and  we  could  hear  them  at  work  on  the  top  of 
the  mountain,  evidently  strengthening  their  works.  At  our  feet,  as  far  as 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  289 

the  eye  could  carry,  we  could  see  the  fires  of  both  armies.  The  rebels  had 
their's  in  trenches,  apparently  three  lines  deep  across  from  the  foot  of  the 
mountain  to  beyond  Chattanooga,  up  the  sides  of  Missionary,  and  along 
this  fortified  ridge  for  a  distance  of  three  or  four  miles. 

The  moon  was  shining  brightly  and,  as  we  lay  hugging  the  side  of  the 
mountain,  we  had  a  view  of  the  valley  below;  and  as  we  strained  our  vi- 
sion to  see  round  about  us,  we  noticed  a  dark  cloud  slowly  covering  fair 
Luna's  face.  It  proved  to  be  an  eclipse  of  the  moon.  Our  surroundings, 
on  a  field  of  battle,  with  a  vigilant  enemy  above  us  and  with  the  dead 
around  about  us,  and  then  to  have  the  moon  suddenly  hide  her  face  in 
mourning,  as  if  grieving  for  the  terrible  drama  then  being  enacted,  was 
certainly  well  calculated  to  work  upon  the  feelings  of  the  most  stoically 
inclined. 

The  morning  of  the  25th  of  November  dawned  upon  us  under  the  most 
favorable  circumstances.  The  enemy,  which  had  so  defiantly  held  Look- 
out Mountain  as  a  menace  to  Chattanooga,  had  retreated  during  the  night, 
leaving  his  artillery  and  a  large  supply  of  commissary  stores  in  our  pos- 
session. At  sunrise,  when  the  Union  soldiers  in  the  valley  below  arose 
for  the  day  and  turned  their  gaze  to  the  top  of  the  mountain,  where 
the  morning  before  they  witnessed  the  southern  cross,  they  now  saw 
"old  Glory"  kissing  the  morning  breeze,  and,  near  by,  in  all  its  bright- 
ness and  significance,  proudly  and  triumphantly  floated  our  "White  Star," 
on  a  field  of  heaven's  own  blue,  the  emblem  of  Geary's  Division  of  the 
old  Twelfth  Corps.  As  we  look  down  in  the  valley  towards  Chattanooga 
to-day  we  live  over  again  in  memory  that  happy  hour.  Again  we  hear 
that  glad  shout  of  triumph  which  welled  up  from  the  throats  of  sixty 
thousand  veterans  which  caused  the  very  dome  of  heaven  to  echo  and 
re-echo  with  the  shout  of  victory.  The  soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, whose  valor,  up  to  this  time,  had  been  questioned  by  the  Jayhawk- 
ers  of  the  Western  army, — for  were  we  not  derisively  termed  the  "paper 
collar  soldiers  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac," — had  performed  an  act  of 
valor  in  the  storming  of  Lookout  Mountain  which  will  go  sounding  down 
the  ages  as  one  of  the  grandest  military  achievements  of  the  age,  and 
from  that  time  on  to  the  close  of  the  war  the  soldier  who  wore  the  star  as 
his  corps  badge  was  honored  and  respected  by  his  comrades  of  the 
Western  army. 

As  we  stand  here  to-day,  after  a  lapse  of  thirty-four  years  since  the 
battle,  and  cast  our  eyes  to  the  top  of  yon  frowning  and  awe  inspiring 
mountain,  in  the  fullness  of  our  heart  we  are  led  to  exclaim,  "Yea,  truly, 
God  was  with  our  army  that  day  and  gave  us  the  victory." 

The  capture  of  Lookout  Mountain  by  the  command  under  Hooker  was 
never  contemplated  by  General  Grant.  The  attack  was  ordered  with  the 
view  of  preventing  the  rebel  troops  on  the  mountain  from  reinforcing  the 
Confederate  lines  on  his  right  and  centre,  where  General  Grant  intended 
to  make  the  main  assault.  When  the  mountain  was  captured  in  plain 
sight  of  the  greater  portion  of  Bragg's  army  they  became  demoralized 
and  when,  on  the  morning  of  the  25th  of  November,  as  we  marched  down 
the  eastern  slope  of  the  mountain  and  moved  across  the  valley  in  the  dl- 
19 


290  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

rection  of  Rossville  Gap,  the  enemy  realized  that  they  were  being  taken 
in  the  rear,  when  vigorously  assaulted  by  the  troops  of  Sherman 
and  Thomas  in  front,  and  knowing  that  their  rear  was  being  seri- 
ously threatened  by  the  columns  which  had  on  the  previous  day  scaled  the 
mountain,  they  gave  way.  We  were  delayed  in  our  march  to  Rossville  on 
account  of  the  destruction  of  bridges  on  our  route.  We  arrived  at  Mis- 
sionary Ridge  towards  evening,  just  in  time  to  join  in  the  final  assault,  and 
we  had  the  satisfaction  of  soon  seeing  the  enemy  in  full  retreat,  and  in 
capturing  a  large  number  of  Breckinridge's  command. 

During  the  night  the  enemy  retreated  and  at  an  early  hour  on  the  fol- 
lowing morning  we  started  in  pursuit,  and  about  dusk  came  up  with  him 
at  Pea  Vine  Creek.  About  ten  o'clock  on  the  27th,  we  heard  rapid  firing 
in  our  front  and  soon  learned  that  a  battle  was  in  progress  at  Ringgold, 
and  that  Osterhaus'  Division  was  being  hardly  pressed.  We  were  has- 
tily pushed  forward  and,  arriving  upon  the  scene  of  conflict,  we  crossed 
the  bridge  and  through  the  scattered  village.  The  First  Brigade,  under 
the  command  of  the  gallant  Creighton,  formed  promptly  by  regiment,  as 
they  arrived  upon  the  ground  and  at  once  started  on  a  charge.  Our  regi- 
ment was  on  the  left  and  was  the  last  regiment  to  form.  Our  position 
was  opposite  the  old  stone  depot.  As  we  formed  the  greater  portion  of  the 
brigade  was  in  the  vortex  of  battle,  and  the  men  were  being  literally  cut 
down,  nothing  daunted,  when  Colonel  Pardee, — and  no  braver  officer  ever 
drew  a  sword, — gave  the  command,  "One  hundred  and  forty-seventh,  for- 
ward, double-quick  march!"  The  men  broke  out  in  a  yell,  and  over  the 
field  plowed  with  minnie  balls,  climbing  the  fence  and  up  the  steep  sides 
of  the  ridge,  we  went.  Captain  C.  S.  Davis,  of  company  G,  fell  mortally 
wounded,  and  immediately  afterwards  Lieutenant  Parks  of  the  same 
command  was  seriously  wounded.  In  the  Seventh  Ohio,  to  our  immediate 
right,  the  loss  was  heavy.  Colonel  Creighton,  who  commanded  the  brig- 
ade, was  killed,  as  v:zs  Licu'.cnar.t  Colonel  Crane,  and  all  the  commission- 
ed officers  excepting  one  captain  were  either  killed  or  seriously  wounded. 
At  this  time  the  enemy,  which  consisted  of  General  Patrick  R.  Cleburne's 
Tennessee  Brigade  acting  as  rear  guard  for  Bragg's  retreating  and  de- 
moralized army,  was  attempting  to  flank  us  on  the  left,  and  our  regiment 
was  moved  to  a  ledge  of  rock  which  protected  our  flank,  where  we  re- 
mained until  the  right  of  our  line  withdrew,  when  we  about-faced  and 
moved  to  the  fence  at  the  base  of  the  ridge.  About  this  time  Knap's  Bat- 
tery came  up  and  unlimbering,  opened  a  rapid  fire  upon  the  enemy  and  he 
soon  retreated  and  the  ridge  was  ours.  Our  brigade,  and  of  the  brigade, 
the  regiment,  was  the  last  organization  to  do  any  fighting  in  the  battles 
in  and  around  Chattanooga.  Our  brigade  took  about  seven  hundred 
men  into  action  and  lost  more  than  half.  The  rebels  left  one  hundred 
and  thirty  dead  on  the  field.  They  also  lost  two  hundred  and  thirty  pris- 
oners, with  five  hundred  wounded.  We  also  captured  three  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery. 

And  now,  my  comrades,  I  have  narrated  the  part  our  command  took  in 
the  battles  in  and  around  Chattanooga,  and  if  time  would  permit  I  would 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  291 

like  to  follow  its  victorious  onward  march  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta, 
the  "Gate  City  of  the  South,"  and  then  once  more  march  with  my  com- 
rades from  "Atlanta  to  the  Sea." 

But  I  would  prove  untrue  tq  myself  and  disloyal  to  the  memory  of  our 
comrades,  the  companions  of  our  childhood,  who,  in  the  first  flush  of 
young  manhood,  enlisted  to  uphold  their  country's  banner  in  the  strength 
of  manhood's  might,  who  shared  with  us  the  joys  and  sorrows  of  camp, 
the  fatigues  of  the  march,  and  the  dangers  of  the  battle,  if  I  would  not  re- 
call their  memories  at  this  time.  We  have  not  forgotten  them;  we  re- 
member when  and  how  they  fell  at  Resaca,  Dallas,  New  Hope  Church, 
Pine  Mountain,  Kenesaw,  Noses  Creek,  Kulp's  Farm,  Peach  Tree  Creek 
and  siege  of  Atlanta.  It  is  said  that  upon  the  death  of  one  of  Napoleon's 
trusted  sergeants  who  fell  in  battle,  in  order  to  encourage  and  stimulate 
heroism  in  the  ranks,  he  directed  that  the  sergeant's  name  should  be 
.called  at  every  roll  call  of  his  regiment,  and  as  his  name  was  called  the 
first  sergeant  would  step  forward,  salute  and  respond,  "fell  upon  the  field 
of  honor."  And  so  would  I  as  I  call  the  names  of 

Captain  Charles  S.  Davis,  Grant,  Charles, 

Captain  Samuel  F.  McGee,  Green,  Aaron, 

Sergeant  George  F.  Bachman,  Haas,  John  P., 

Sergeant  Alfred  Reilley,  Hathaway,  Jeremiah, 

Sergeant  Samuel  C.  Reilley,  Hildebrand,  Loche, 

Sergeant  John  Witherspoon,  Helfenstine,  Rudolph, 

Sergeant  Isaac  D.  Witmer,  Kresge,  Paulin, 

Corporal  Harry  Fetters,  Kraff,  John  G., 

Corporal  Redmond  Moyer,  Kratzer,  Abraham, 

Corporal  John  Sowers,  Lewis,  Henry, 

Burns,  John,  Lyman,  Christopher, 

Brown,  Charles,  Mooney,  James, 

Bennet,  Eugene,  Shulton,  Otto, 

Churchhill,  Asa  B.,  Sands,  William, 

Creagher,  Charles  A.,  Sachs,  Michael, 

Davis,  Levi,  Seesholtz,   William  E., 

Donovan,  Michael,  Wunderlich,   Gust, 

Earhart,  Daniel,  Wildey,  George. 

There  is  no  answer.  One  and  all  "died  upon  the  field  of  honor."  They 
are  quietly  sleeping  in  the  National  Cemeteries  of  the  Southland  until  the 
coming  of  that  time  when  the  angel,  standing  with  one  foot  on  the  land 
and  the  other  on  the  sea,  shall  declare,  "time  was,  time  is,  but  time  shall 
be  no  more." 

And  now,  my  comrades,  as  we  to-day  dedicate  this  monument,  erected 
by  the  generosity  of  the  State,  let  us  rededicate  ourselves  anew  to  the 
cause  of  constitutional  liberty.  May  this  granite  stand  an  enduring 
monument  to  the  loyalty  and  patriotism  of  the  One  hundred  and  forty- 
seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  May  generations  yet  unborn,  when 
they  visit  this  holy  shrine,  drink  deep  draughts  of  loyalty  to  this  govern- 


292  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

ment  of  ours  and  may  the  time  never  come  when  the  country  shall  lack 
for  defenders  in  its  hour  of  peril.  God  grant  that  the  spirit  of  '76  and  '61 
may  exist  in  the  breasts  of  our  children's  children  to  the  remotest  genera- 
tion. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

THIS  regiment  was  formed  from  Companies  L,  M,  N,  O  and  P,  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  and  three  new  companies  enlisted  at 
Harrisburg,  during  the  months  of  October  and  November,  1862.  It 
was  organized  at  a  camp  on  Loudon  Heights,  Virginia,  on  the  10th  of 
October,  with  the  following  field  officers :  Ario  Pardee,  Jr.,  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  and  John  Craig,  Major.  It  was  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade, 
Second  Division,  of  the  Twelfth,  subsequently  the  Twentieth  Corps,  in 
which  it  was  associated  with  the  Twenty-eighth  Pennsylvania,  and 
Fifth,  Seventh,  Twenty-ninth  and  Sixty-sixth  Ohio  Regiments.  A  year 
later  another  company,  raised  in  Philadelphia,  was  added  to  it,  and  in 
January,  1864,  a  tenth  company,  formed  from  the  men  of  the  first  five 
companies  who  did  not  re-enlist  for  a  second  term,  which  completed  its 
full  complement. 

On  the  9th  of  December,  the  regiment  left  the  vicinity  of  Harper's  Ferry, 
where  the  corps  had  remained  after  the  general  movement  of  the  rest  of 
the  army  in  October,  and  proceeded  to  Fairfax  Court  House,  arriving 
on  the  17th,  just  after  the  close  of  the  battle  of  Frederfcksburg.  At  the 
opening  of  Burnside's  second  campaign,  in  January,  1863,  it  moved  from 
camp,  and  Joining  in  the  general  advance,  proceeded  to  Stafford  Court 
House,  where  it  went  into  quarters,  inclement  weather  and  the  sudden 
breaking  up  of  the  roads,  rendering  further  operations  impracticable. 
Soon  afterwards  it  proceeded  with  the  division  to  Acquia  Landing,  where 
it  remained  on  duty  until  the  opening  of  the  Chancellorsville  campaign. 
On  the  morning  of  May  1,  the  corps  having  arrived  near  the  Chancellor 
House,  the  regiment  was  assigned  a  position  on  the  right  of  the  brigade, 
which  was  sent  forward  on  a  reconnoissance  in  force,  two  miles  south, 
returning  to  camp  in  the  afternoon  without  loss.  The  regiment  was  then 
placed  behind  a  breast-work,  hastily  but  well  constructed,  of  logs  and 
small  timber,  and  a  company  was  thrown  out  to  the  front  as  skirmishers. 
At  sun-down,  this  company  was  driven  in  by  a  heavy  force  of  the  enemy, 
but  was  immediately  replaced  by  another,  which  regained  the  ground, 
and  held  it  until  the  afternoon  of  the  2d,  when  it  was  relieved  by  detach- 
ments from  other  regiments.  At  evening  the  enemy  again  attacked,  but 
was  easily  repelled.  At  ten  P.  M.,  Lieutenant  William  E.  Goodman  led  his 

•Extract  f?om  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  293 

company  near  to  the  skirmish  line  of  the  enemy,  and  held  his  position  dur- 
ing the  night,  capturing  one  prisoner  and  rescuing  the  colors  of  the  One 
hundred  and  seventh  Ohio,  which  had  been  lost.  At  sunrise  of  the  3d,  he 
engaged  the  enemy's  skirmishers,  and  for  nearly  an  hour  contested  the 
ground  hotly,  but  was  finally  obliged  to  fall  back  to  the  breast-works,  his 
ammunition  being  nearly  expended,  himself  wounded,  and  his  company 
overborne  by  the  superior  force  of  the  enemy.  At  this  time  the  whole 
line  of  the  brigade  became  engaged,  and  the  enemy  appearing  in  force 
on- its  right  flank,  it  was  ordered  back,  and  took  position  in  rear  of  the 
artillery,  posted  near  the  brick  hospital.  A  little  later,  the  regiment  was 
ordered  to  advance  and  retake  the  breast-works  that  had  been  vacated, 
which  was  successfully  executed,  and  some  prisoners  were  captured.  But 
it  was  here  exposed  to  a  galling  fire  of  musketry,  which  enfiladed  the  line, 
and  to  a  heavy  artillery  fire,  from  both  of  which  it  suffered  severely. 
The  troops  on  the  right  being  overwhelmed  by  superior  numbers,  and 
driven  from  their  position,  the  regiment  was  finally  obliged  to  fall  back, 
to  avoid  capture,  and  retired  to  the  plank  road,  where  it  was  reformed, 
and  again  advanced  into  the  woods  in  front,  but  was  obliged  to  yield  this 
position  also.  At  this  juncture,  orders  were  received  for  the  command 
to  withdraw  to  intrenchments  on  the  new  line.  The  loss  in  the  entire 
engagement  was  thirteen  killed,  fifty-nine  wounded,  and  twenty-five 
missing.  Lieutenants  James  R.  Smith,  William  H.  Hughes  and  Thomas 
J.  Learning,  were  among  the  killed,  and  Lieutenants  Samuel  F.  McKee, 
Alexander  A.  Black,  William  E.  Goodman,  and  David  Brown,  among  the 
wounded.  Color  Sergeant  Samuel  Henry  was  instantly  killed  by  a  rifle- 
ball,  while  engaged  at  the  breast-works  from  which  the  command  had 
previously  retired. 

After  the  battle,  the  regiment  returned  with  the  division  to  Acquia 
Landing,  where  it  remained  until  the  movement  which  culminated  at 
Gettysburg  commenced.  On  the  evening  of  July  1,  it  arrived  upon  the 
field,  by  the  Baltimore  Pike,  and  moving  over  to  the  left,  took  position  to 
the  right  of  Round  Top,  its  skirmishers  thrown  out  across  the  low  ground, 
to  the  stonewall  which  skirts  the  woods  in  its  front.  Before  daylight  it 
was  relieved,  and  moved  with  the  division  into  position  on  Gulp's  Hill, 
on  the  right  of  the  line.  At  evtning,  it  returned  with  two  brigades  of  the 
division  in  the  direction  of  Round  Top;  but  the  battle,  which  had  been 
fiercely  raging  on  that  part  of  the  line  having  ceased,  it  returned  and  took 
position  in  rear  of  the  ground  which  it  had  left,  the  enemy  having  occu- 
pied the  position  in  its  absence.  The  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  was 
formed  with  the  Seventh  Ohio  on  its  right,  the  Fifth  Ohio  on  its  left,  and 
an  open  field,  of  triangular  shape,  skirted  by  a  low  stone-wall  running 
diagonally  between  the  two  lines,  in  its  front.  The  battle  opened  on  that 
nart  of  the  field  at  daylight,  and  until  ten  o'clock  A.  M.,  the  firing  was 
Incessant,  fresh  ammunition  being  brought  up  and  distributed  to  the 
men  as  the  supply  became  exhausted.  The  enemy  made  repeated  charges 
upon  the  line,  but  was  as  often  swept  back  with  fearful  slaughter  the  men 
withholding  their  fire  until  he  was  at  close  range.  Finally,  broken  and 


294  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

dispirited,  he  was  driven,  and  the  ground  lost  during  the  absence  of  the 
troops  on  the  previous  evening,  was  regained.  On  the  4th,  details  from 
the  regiment  were  sent  out  to  bury  the  dead,  who  lay  in  every  conceivable 
position,  on  all  parts  of  that  hotly  contested  field.  Owing  to  the  nature  of 
the  ground  where  the  regiment  stood,  the  enemy's  fire  passed,  for  the 
most  part,  harmless  over  head,  and,  consequently,  the  loss  was  incon- 
siderable in  comparison  with  that  which  it  inflicted,  and  with  the  vital 
nature  of  the  struggle.  It  had  five  killed,  and  twenty  wounded.  Lieu- 
tenant William  H.  Tourison  was  among  the  killed. 

With  the  army  the  regiment  returned  into  Virginia,  and  while  resting 
in  camp,  beyond  the  Rappahannock,  one  hundred  and  sixty  drafted  men 
and  substitutes  were  added  to  its  number.  Soon  afterwards,  the  Eleventh 
and  Twelfth  Corps  were  ordered  west,  to  join  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land. At  the  time  of  the  battle  of  Wauhatchie,  which  was  fought  by  a 
part  of  the  Second  Division,  the  One  Hundred  and  forty-seventh  was  in 
the  vicinity  of  Bridgeport,  Alabama.  It  soon  after  rejoined  the  divi- 
sion, and  went  into  camp  on  a  spur  of  Raccoon  Mountain,  facing  Lookout 
Creek.  Early  on  the  morning  of  the  24th  of  November,  moving  with  the 
division,  it  crossed  the  creek  some  distance  above  Wauhatchie  Junction, 
and  forming  under  the  shadow  of  the  vast  wall  of  rock  which  nature  has 
piled  along  the  mountain's  breast,  swept  on  over  the  rugged  ground, 
carrying  all  before  it,  capturing  many  prisoners,  and  winding  up  around 
the  extremity  of  the  ridge  looking  towards  Chattanooga,  approached  to 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  road  by  which  the  summit  was  reached.  To 
render  this  road  secure,  the  enemy  had  erected  a  breast-work  along  the 
eastern  side,  and  were  in  possession.  Night  coming  on,  this  could  not  be 
carried,  and  under  cover  of  darkness  the  enemy  made  good  his  escape. 
At  sunrise,  the  rocky  fastnesses  of  this  towering  mountain  were  in  the 
hands  of  the  White  Star  Division,  and  the  flashing  colors  of  the  Union 
were  unfurled  upon  its  summit.  Without  pausing  for  rest,  the  division 
pushed  on  down  the  mountain,  crossed  the  Chattanooga  Creek,  and  form- 
ing in  Ross's  Gap,  moved  upon  the  left  flank  of  the  rebel  army  under 
Bragg,  strongly  posted  on  Missionary  Ridge,  routing  his  terror-stricken 
troops,  and  contributing  largely  to  the  signal  triumph  which  attended 
the  Union  arms  in  front  of  Chattanooga.  Following  up  the  retreating 
enemy,  the  division  came  up  with  his  rear  guard,  firmly  holding  a  gap  in 
Taylor's  Ridge,  near  Ringgold.  With  his  advantage  of  position,  he  con- 
tested the  ground  stubbornly,  the  division  sustaining  some  loss,  Captain 
Charles  S.  Davis,  of  the  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh,  being  mortally 
wounded.  The  loss  in  the  entire  engagement  was  twenty  wounded  and 
one  missing.  The  enemy  was  finally  driven,  and  further  pursuit  was 
abandoned.  It  was  now  winter,  and  returning  to  Wauhatchie,  the  regi- 
ment went  into  permanent  quarters. 

On  the  29th  of  December,  a  majority  of  the  men  re-enlisted,  and  return- 
ed home  on  a  veteran  furlough.  A  considerable  number  of  recruits  were 
added  to  its  strength  during  this  period,  and  on  the  8th  of  March,  1864,  it 
rejoined  the  division  at  its  camp  at  Bridgeport.  At  the  opening  of  May, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHA1TANOOGA.  295 

Sherman  moved  with  his  whole  army  on  the  Atlanta  campaign.  On  the 
8th,  the  division  was  engaged  at  Dug  Gap,  in  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  in  which 
the  regiment  supported  a  battery,  but  did  not  come  to  close  quarters.  A 
week  later,  near  Resaca,  it  again  met  the  enemy,  and  in  the  second 
day's  fight  suffered  a  loss  of  one  killed  and  nine  wounded. 

On  the  25th  of  May,  the  brigade,  to  which  the  regiment  was  attached, 
took  the  advance  at  New  Hope  Church,  and  in  the  battle  which  ensued, 
became  heavily  engaged.  Captain  Joseph  A.  Moore,  of  Company  B,  was 
here  wounded,  on  account  of  which  he  was  subsequently  discharged. 
For  nearly  a  week  the  fighting  was  kept  up,  the  lines  closing  in  upon 
each  other,  each  party  striving  for  an  advantage,  the  firing  unceasing  and 
very  destructive.  Finally,  the  enemy  was  turned  out  of  his  position,  and 
the  movement  of  troops,  and  almost  constant  skirmishing  continued. 

On  the  15th,  the  regiment  arrived  in  front  of  Pine  Knob,  and  was 
immediately  thrown  forward  upon  the  skirmish  line.  The  enemy  was 
driven  from  a  hill  which  he  occupied  in  front,  but  the  left  of  the  line  met 
stubborn  resistance.  The  regiment  was  finally  brought  directly  in  front 
of  a  strong  line  of  rebel  skirmishers,  posted  behind  well  constructed  barri- 
cades of  logs  and  stones,  where  it  held  its  ground  until  relieved  at  five 
P.  M.  It  then  took  position  in  line  to  the  left  of  the  Sixty-sixth  Ohio,  .and 
advanced  with  skirmishers  deployed,  being  exposed  the  while  to  a  hot 
fire  from  the  enemy's  works,  behind  which  he  was  completely  sheltered. 
Unable  to  reach  the  foe,  and  short  of  ammunition,  the  regiment  hugged 
closely  the  earth,  until  after  dark,  when  it  was  withdrawn.  The  loss  dur- 
ing the  day  was  one  killed,  and  fifteen  wounded,  two  mortally.  At  day- 
light of  the  16th,  it  relieved  the  Sixty-sixth  Ohio,  in  partially  constructed 
earthworks,  which  were  finished  during  the  day,  under  a  hot  fire  of 
musketry  and  artillery,  by  which  it  lost  six  wounded,  Captain  John  Q. 
Mercer  losing  a  leg,  and  Lieutenant  Mahlon  Ewing  receiving  a  severe 
hurt.  On  the  18th,  the  enemy  was  driven  from  his  works,  the  regiment 
losing  in  the  action  one  killed,  and  three  wounded.  Following  closely  the 
line  of  retreat,  the  enemy  was  found  in  position  at  Noses  Creek,  and  a 
line  of  intrenehments  was  again  erected,  and  skirmishers  thrown  out. 
The  firing  kept  up  between  the  two  lines,  which  were  here  in  unusually 
close  proximity,  was  very  severe  and  destructive.  The  loss  on  the  19th 
was  four  hundred  wounded,  and  on  the  20th,  one,  mortally.  On  this  day, 
Captain  Samuel  F.  McKee,  an  accomplished  officer,  while  in  charge  of  the 
skirmish  line,  was  accidentally  shot  by  one  of  his  own  men,  and  died  on 
the  25th.  An  assault  was  made  by  the  Union  forces  on  the  rebel  in- 
trenched position,  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  on  the  27th  of  June,  in  which 
they  sustained  a  disastrous  repulse. 

On  the  20th  of  July,  the  army  had  reached  Peach  Tree  Creek.  Across 
tnis  the  right  wing,  consisting  of  Hooker's  and  Palmer's  Corps,  and  New- 
ton's Division  of  the  Fourth  Corps,  was  thrown,  practically  isolating  it 
from  the  rest  of  the  army,  between  which  and  the  main  body  was  a  con- 
siderable interval.  Peach  Tree  Creek  is  a  narrow,  sluggish  stream  with 
sudden  banks,  fringed  with  briar  patches,  and  almost  impassable  under- 


296  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

growth,  and  would  be,  without  bridges,  a  fatal  bar  to  the  escape  of  a 
routed  and  pursued  army.  But  across  this  a  number  of  bridges  had  been 
thrown,  securing  an  open  way  in  case  of  disaster.  It  had  been  the  pur- 
pose of  the  foe,  now  led  by  the  impetuous  Hood,  to  make  a  noisy  demon- 
stration in  front  of  the  Union  left,  and  then  fall  with  nearly  the  entire 
weight  of  his  force  upon  the  unsuspecting  right.  This  purpose  he  skil- 
fully executed.  Massing  his  forces  in  front  of  the  severed  right  wing 
during  the  night  of  the  19th,  and  concealed  from  view,  he  stood  in  readi- 
ness, on  the  afternoon  of  the  20th,  for  the  onset,  "July  19th,"  says  Colonel 
Pardee  in  his  official  report,  "the  regiment  crossed  Peach  Tree  Creek, 
north  of  Howell's  Mills,  and  bivouacked  for  the  night  on  a  small  height 
on  the  south  side  of  the  creek.  At  eight  A.  M.,  of  July  20,  the  brigade 
moved  forward,  my  regiment  being  second  in  line,  the  Fifth  Ohio  having 
the  right  of  the  brigade.  After  marching  a  short  distance,  the  brigade 
was  halted,  and  formed  in  line  of  battle.  The  halt  was  of  short 
duration,  however,  and  the  brigade  moved  forward,  the  One  hun- 
dred and  forty-seventh  Pennsylvania  now  having  the  right.  After  cross- 
ing a  deep  ravine,  and  ascending  a  hill,  the  skirmish  line  was  reached.  I 
then,  under  direction  of  Colonel  Candy,  commanding  the  brigade,  formed 
line  of  battle,  and  threw  up  a  substantial  barricade  of  rails.  In  my  front 
was  a  small  belt  of  woods,  through  which  ran  a  road  connecting  the 
Howell's  Mill  Road  with  the  Buck  Head  Road,  and  in  front  of  this  road 
was  a  small  stream,  a  branch  of  Emory's  Creek.  Farther  in  advance,  and 
directly  in  my  front,  was  a  large  cornfield.  To  my  right,  and  connect- 
ing with  me,  were  the  works  of  the  Fifth  Ohio,  and  farther  to  the  right 
the  remaining  regiments  of  the  brigade,  the  line  extending  along  the 
crest  of  the  ridge,  and  parallel  with  the  road  previously  mentioned. 
Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery  was  posted,  four  pieces,  in  the  line  of  my 
regiment,  and  two  on  the  left  of  it;  Bundy's  New  York  Battery  was  also 
posted,  four  pieces,  in  the  right  wing  of  my  regiment,  and  the  remaining 
two  pieces,  in  the  line  of  the  Fifth  Ohio.  We  remained  quietly  in  this 
position  until  three  P.  M.  The  skirmishers  had,  in  the  meantime,  taken 
and  were  holding  a  height  to  the  front  and  right  of  my  regiment.  The 
Thirty-third  New  Jersey,  of  the  Second  Brigade,  was  ordered  out  to  this 
hill  to  throw  up  a  temporary  work,  and  occupy  the  position.  This  regi- 
ment was  soon  driven,  as  were  the  skirmishers,  and  the  enemy,  in  heavy 
force,  was  seen  following  them  rapidly  and  closely.  At  the  same  time, 
the  enemy  made  his  appearance  in  the  cornfield,  in  large  numbers,  ad- 
vancing rapidly  and  in  excellent  order.  This  column  soon  came  within 
rifle  range,  when  I  directed  the  fire  from  my  regiment  to  be  opened  on 
them.  The  artillery  opened  at  the  same  time.  The  lines  of  the  enemy 
were  broken,  and  they  were  soon  compelled  to  seek  cover  in  the  woods, 
from  which  they  had  advanced  in  such  good  order  a  short  time  previous. 
The  lines  of  battle  of  the  enemy  to  the  right  had  pressed  forward  with 
such  vigor,  as  to  drive  back  all  the  regiments  on  my  right,  and  the  dis- 
organized masses  of  men,  as  they  rushed  past  my  line,  told  a  fearful  tale. 
•  *  *  Under  direction  of  Major  Reynolds,  Chief  of  Artillery  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  297 

Twentieth  Corps,  a  section  of  Bundy's  Battery,  was  turned  on  the  advanc- 
ing enemy.  This,  with  the  fire  of  musketry  brought  to  bear  from  the 
right  of  my  regiment,  and  from  the  men  who  had  been  hastily  gathered 
together,  held  the  enemy  in  check.  At  this  time  a  portion  of  the  enemy 
had  gained  the  ravine  in  my  rear,  and  there  was  some  danger  of  their 
coming  from  that  direction  in  such  force  as  to  seriously  endanger  the 
batteries.  Finally,  aid  was  brought  by  Major  Reynolds^  who  led  the 
Sixtieth  New  York  and  posted  it  on  my  right.  The  two  pieces  of  artillery 
which  had  here  been  abandoned,  were  brought  in  by  Captain  Kreider, 
with  the  aid  of  volunteers  from  Companies  A  and  F,  and  some  men  of 
Bundy's  Battery.  These  two  pieces  were  placed  in  position,  which,  with 
the  two  already  faced  to  the  right,  gave  us  an  excellent  and  destructive 
fire  on  the  enemy's  flank  and  rear.  The  execution  done  by  these  pieces, 
was  made  manifest  after  the  fight  was  over.  During  the  whole  of  this 
time,  the  firing  in  my  proper  front  was  regularly  and  coolly  given  on  the 
enemy,  who  seemed  determined  to  break  through  the  lines.  At  the 
opening  of  the  action,  the  Third  Division  made  connection  on  the  left  of 
my  line,  forming  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  works  of  my  regiment.  The 
fire  from  that  portion  of  this  line  bearing  on  the  cornfield,  together  with 
the  fire  from  the  artillery,  and  from  my  regiment,  rendered  all  attempts 
of  the  enemy  to  break  through  the  lines  futile,  and  repelled  each  attempt 
with  loss."  The  loss  in  the  regiment,  owing  to  the  protection  afforded  by 
the  barricade,  to  which  it  persistently  clung,  was  but  slight,  being  two 
killed,  and  five  wounded.  The  unwavering  front  presented  by  this  regi- 
ment, with  the  aid  of  the  artillery  posted  in  its  line,  and  the  tenacity  with 
which  it  held  its  ground,  repelling  with  great  slaughter  the  most  desperate 
charges  of  the  foe,  undoubtedly  saved  the  corps  from  disaster,  and  won 
for  its  commander  the  commission  of  a  Brevet  Brigadier  General. 

"At  noon  of  the  20th,"  says  an  eye  witness  of  the  scene,  "Geary  ad- 
vanced to  his  tete  de  pont,  and  with  the  assistance  of  a  section  of  Magill's 
Battery,  succeeded  in  taking  a  ridge  in  his  front,  to  which  he  advanced 
his  division,  formed  with  Colonel  Candy's  Brigade  on  the  left,  Colonel 
Jones'  on  'the  right,  and  Colonel  Ireland's  in  the  centre,  and  proceeded  at 
once  to  erect  barricades.  They  had  just  fairly  got  to  work  when  the  fierce 
shout  of  the  enemy  and  the  confused  sound  of  their  myriad  tramp  struck 
the  startled  ear.  More  than  half  of  Geary's  line  was  in  a  dense  forest 
filled  with  underbrush,  the  remainder  faced  an  open  field.  Across  the 
latter,  it  was  a  brave  but  terrifying  sight.  When  we  remember  that  the 
entire  rebel  attacking  column  reached  along  the  front  of  but  four  of  our 
divisions,  it  can  easily  be  conceived  how  massive  and  deep  their  forma- 
tions were.  In  the  forest  the  thickets  fairly  wilted  and  disappeared  under 
their  feet,  so  closely  were  they  packed  and  so  irresistible  their  progress. 
They  came  on  without  skirmishers,  and,  as  if  by  instinct,  struck  Geary's 
right  flank,  where  a  gap  existed,  that  Williams'  Division  was  endeavoring 
to  close.  The  four  regiments  forming  the  right  brigade  were  enveloped  on 
their  flank  and  rear  in  a  moment,  and  cruelly  enfiladed.  Subjected  to  a 
half  dozen  cross  fires,  the  brigade  fell  back  hastily  to  the  trenches  it  had 


298  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

left  in  the  morning.  To  remain  would  have  been  annihilation.  Portions 
of  Colonel  Ireland's  Brigade  were  also  torn  to  pieces  by  the  withering 
cross-fires,  and  fell  back  after  repeated  gallant  efforts  to  reform  their 
line  to  return  the  fire  on  flank  and  rear.  The  moment  was  a  desperate 
one.  The  enemy  were  almost  within  grasp  of  Lieutenant  Bundy's  Bat- 
tery on  the  right,  but  he  wheeled  one  section  from  front  to  right,  and  by 
double-shotting  the  guns  with  canister,  succeeded  in  repelling  the  greedy 
vermin  in  dirty  gray  *  *  *  So  bitter  was  this  enfilading  fire  to  which 
Geary's  position  was  exposed,  that  the  caissons  of  the  guns  that  had  been 
taken  to  the  rear  for  safety  were  driven  back  to  the  front  to  escape  a 
more  deadly  fire  than  was  sustained  at  the  ordinary  point  of  danger. 
But  the  remainder  of  Geary's  Division  stood  firm  as  a  rock.  The  enemy 
in  vain  charged  and  re-charged  from  front  and  right  flank.  Until  night- 
fall the  unequal  contest  was  waged,  but  Geary  held  his  hill  inflexibly. 
The  enemy  sullenly  left  his  front  during  the  evening,  firing  spitefully 
as  he  retired.  *  *  *  I  have  seen  most  of  the  battlefields  in  the  south- 
west, but  nowhere  have  I  seen  traces  of  more  deadly  work,  than  is 
visible  in  the  dense  woods  in  which  Geary's  right  was  formed."* 

As  soon  as  he  had  recovered  from  the  stunning  blow  which  he  had 
received,  the  rebel  leader  rapidly  retired  to  his  intrenched  lines  in  and 
about  Atlanta.  By  sharp  manoeuvring  and  fighting  Sherman  soon 
pushed  him  from  this  and  then  commenced  his  march  to  the  sea.  Of  the 
fortunes  of  the  regiment  in  this  march,  and  its  subsequent  advance 
northward  through  the  Carolinas,  it  is  unnecessary  to  speak  in  detail, 
as  its  course  was  not  marked  by  any  special  incident  out  of  the  ordinary 
routine  of  fatiguing  marches  and  ceaseless  vigilance  which  characterized 
this  triumphant  but  bloodless  campaign.  After  the  surrender  of  General 
Johnston,  on  the  26th  of  April,  1865,  Sherman's  Army  moved  by  rapid 
marches  to  the  neighborhood  of  Washington,  where,  on  the  15th  of 
July,  the  One  hundred  and  forty-seventh  was  finally  mustered  out  of 
service. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

7TH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY 

NEAR  REED'S  BRIDGE,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  ISTH,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  HEBER  S.  THOMPSON- 

/"COMRADES  of  the  Great  War: —Thirty-six  years  have  passed  since 

the  days  of  1861,  when,  in  the  pride  of  our  early  manhood  and  all 

^-^     aglow  with  patriotic  fire-  and  zeal,  we  gathered  at  Harrisburg  and 

offered  our  services  to  the  Governor  of  our  Commonwealth,  asking  no 

•Moore's  Rebellion  Record.   Vol.  XI,  page  252,   Docs. 


MiNTY'SilsDBRIGADLZo  DiViSiON.CAVALRY  CORPS. 
ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  299 

questions,  making  no  conditions,  but  ready  to  be  sent  to  meet  the  enemy 
seeking  the  destruction  of  our  nation's  life.  We  came,  a  fitting  repre- 
sentation of  our  whole  Commonwealth,  from  the  valleys  of  the  Susque- 
hanna,  the  Schuylkill  and  the  Allegheny;  from  the  center,  the  east  and 
the  west  of  our  State;  from  the  counties  of  Clinton  and  Centre,  from  Alle- 
gheny, Dauphin,  Northumberland  and  Schuylkill.  We  mustered  at  Har- 
risburg,  and  came  thence  to  Kentucky,  glad  to  join  and  fight  side  by  side 
with  our  western  brethern  until  the  close  of  the  war.  For  four  years 
we  marched  and  fought  side  by  side  with  those  western  brothers,  under 
the  soldierly  Don  Carlos  Buell,  the  skillful  and  warm  hearted  Wm.  S. 
Rosecrans,  the  grand  and  peerless  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  "Rock  of  Chicka- 
mauga,"  and  annihilator  of  an  army  at  Nashville,  the  indomitable 
and  invincible  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  and  the  strategetic,  William  Tecumseh 
Sherman;  from  Louisville  to  Nashville,  to  Chattanooga;  back  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  again  to  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  and  Atlanta  and  at  last 
to  Selma,  Alabama,  and  back  to  Macon,  Georgia,  to  intercept  Jefferson 
C.  Davis,  then  a  fugitive  seeking  to  escape  into  Mexico. 

Let  me  remind  you  of  those  days  of  conflict,  peril  and  hardships  and 
once  again  commemorate,  by  field  and  day  and  date,  a  few  of  the  battles 
we  fought,  and  by  which,  if  you  choose,  you  may  follow  our  marching 
and  counter-marching  and  fill  in  many  a  skirmish  and  deed  of  valor  of 
which  you  yourselves  may  know,  but  of  which,  in  the  great  events  of  that 
day,  no  pen  has  ever  made  record. 

Pulaski,  Term.,  May  1,  1862;  Lebanon,  Tenn.,  May  5,  1862;  Swedens 
Cove,  Tenn.,  June  4,  1862;  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  July  13,  1862;  Manchester, 
Tenn.,  July  27,  1862;  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  August  21,  1862;  Bear  Wallow,  Ky., 
September  20,  1862;  Chaplain  Hills,  Ky.,  October  8,  1862;  Lebanon,  Tenn., 
November  15,  1862;  Stone's  River,  Tenn.,  December  31,  1862,  January 
1-4,  1863;  Rover,  Tenn.,  January  31,  1863;  Unionville,  Tenn.,  March  4,  1863; 
Snow  Hill,  Tenn.,  April  3,  1863;  Shelbyville,  Tenn.,  June  27,  1863;  Sparta, 
Tenn.,  August  17,  1863,  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  18-22,  1863;  Dallas 
and  Villa  Rica,  Ga.,  June  11,  1864;  Noonday  Creek,  Ga.,  June  20,  1864; 
McAfee's  Cross  Roads,  Ga.,  June  11,  1864;  Big  Shanty,  Ga.,  June  9,  1864; 
Flat  Rock,  Ga.,  July  28,  1864;  Atlanta,  Ga.,  August  12,  1864;  Lovejoy's 
Station,  Ga.,  August  20,  1864;  Vinings  Station,  Ga.,  September  2,  1864; 
Rome,  Ga.,  October  12,  and  13,  1864;  Lead's  Cross  Roads,  Ga.,  November 
1,  1864;  Bardstown,  Ky.,  December  29,  1864;  Selma,  Ala.,  April  2,  1865;  Co- 
lumbus, Ga.,  April  16,  1865;  Macon,  Ga.,  May  5,  1865. 

Our  losses  in  these  years,  not  counting  the  wounded,  discharged  and 
subsequent  dead,  were: 

Officers 
Officers.  Men.  and  Men. 

Killed  In  battle 8  94  102 

Died  of  disease,  accident  and  In  prison,..  5  185  190 

Total  killed  in  battle  and  died  of  dis- 
ease,    accident  and  in  prison 13  279  292 

Our   regimental   organization   was   completed    at   Harrisburg,    on   No- 
20 


300  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

vember  18,  1861,  and  at  Harrisburg  again,  on  August  23,  1865,  we,  as  a 
regiment,  were  mustered  out  of  service  and  returned  to  our  homes. 

We  have  come  together  once  more,  a  hundred  and  fifty  survivors  who 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  of  thirty-four  years  ago,  to 
dedicate  this  monument  to  the  memory  of  our  fallen  comrades  and  to 
mark  the  ground  held  by  us  in  the  opening  of  the  battle. 

I  congratulate  you  that  you  have  lived  to  see  peace  restored,  the  nation 
one  Nation,  our  people  at  the  close  of  the  war  thirty  millions,  now  sev- 
enty millions  in  population,  the  land  free  and  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence a  declaration  of  that  which  is  true  from  Maine  to  Texas  and 
from  Alaska  to  the  Florida  coast. 

Your  loyalty  and  patriotic  devotion  in  our  country's  great  crisis  and 
the  blood  of  our  comrades  in  whose  memory  we  erect  this  monument  ac- 
complished these  results. 


PRAYER  BY  LIEUT.-COL.  CHARLES  L.  GREENO. 

OUR  FATHER  who  art  in  Heaven,  we  would  recognize  Thee  in  all 
places  and  under  all  circumstances,  and  especially  upon  this  occa- 
sion would  we  return  Thee  the  earnest  gratitude  of  our  hearts  for 
the  many  blessings  received  at  Thy  hand.    We  thank  Thee  that  during 
the  years  since  we  last  met  together  Thou  hast  remembered  us  in  great 
mercy. 

We  thank  Thee  that  in  the  terrible  battle  upon  this  ground  Thou  didst 
protect  our  lives,  not  only  in  this  battle,  but  in  the  many  others  during 
the  years  of  the  war  in  which  we  had  a  part;  and  not  only  in  the  battles, 
but  in  the  camp  or  on  the  weary  march,  Thou  wast  ever  mindful  of  us 
and  Thy  protecting  hand  was  over  us.  Oh,  Father,  we  thank  Thee  for 
Thy  great  kindness  to  us.  We  ask  Thy  blessing  upon  these  exercises. 
May  all  that  we  do  be  pleasing  to  Thee.  We  ask  Thy  blessing  upon  our 
beloved  country.  Bless  our  rulers.  May  they  ever  remember  that  Thou 
art  the  Supreme  Ruler  of  the  nations  of  the  world  and  may  they  have 
wisdom  to  so  conduct  the  affairs  of  the  government  that  wars  with  us 
may  never  be  known  again.  Bless  all  that  are  present  here  to-day  and 
protect  us  as  we  separate  to  return  to  our  homes,  and  may  we  also  live 
the  remainder  of  our  days  so  that  we  shall  all  meet  in  Heaven,  and  to 
Thee  shall  be  all  the  praise  forever.  Amen. 


ADDRESS  OF   CAPTAIN  JOSEPH  G.  VALE. 

MR.  PRESIDENT  and  Members  of  the  Committee,  Comrades  of  the 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Fellow  Citizens:— I  congratulate 
you,  my  comrades  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer 
Cavalry,  on  the  completion  of  this  monument  and  its  setting  to  mark  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  301 

site  of  one  of  a  series  of  positions  tenaciously  held  by  our  regiment  and 
the  brigade  to  which  it  was  attached  in  the  important  overture  of  the 
great  battle  of  Chickamauga. 

I  congratulate  you,  the  officers  and  members  of  the  memorial  commis- 
sion of  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  on  the  successful  termination  of 
your  labors,  to  have  the  part  born  by  the  citizen-soldiery  of  our  great 
State  upon  this  field,  appropriately  commemorated  by  tablet  and  monu- 
ment of  granite  and  marble  shaft. 

I  congratulate  you,  my  fellow  citizens  of  this  vicinity  and  of  the  south, 
that  here  on  the  ground  where  the  best  blood  of  your  fathers,  your- 
selves and  your  kindred,  was  shed  in  lavish  prodigality  in  what  you  then 
believed  was  a  just  and  patriotic  cause  and  duty,  you  meet  us,  your  afore- 
time foes,  to-day  in  fraternal  greeting,  as  brothers  of  a  common  republic 
—as  fellow  citizens  of  a  common  nationality,  and  as  fellow  workmen  in 
a  common  laudable,  peaceful  mission,  the  upbuilding  of  our  grand  na- 
tional superstructure,  upon  the  broad  foundation  of  equality  of  rights, 
universality  of  kindred  conditions  and  opportunities,  and  the  universal 
betterment,  progress,  development  and  growth  of  each  and  every  citizen 
in  all  that  pertains  to  material  prosperity,  and  intellectual  and  moral 
advancement.  Nay  more,  I  congratulate  you  in  the  fact  that  there  is  not 
In  all  the  Southland  to-day  any  one  who,  if  a  wish  could,  would  reverse 
the  verdict  of  the  past,  or  make  triumphant  the  cause  for  which  you  here 
and  on  hundreds  of  other  notable  fields,  so  nobly,  so  valiantly  and  so  per- 
sistently struggled. 

This  National  Park  stands  alone  in  all  the  history  of  the  world  as  a 
sacred  place,  dedicated  and  set  apart,  not  merely  to  show  the  lines  and 
positions  where  contending  armies  were  marshaled  in  hostile  array  and 
wild  passions  grappled  in  deadly  strife,  but  in  a  higher,  nobler  sense  to 
commemorate  through  all  time,  the  fact  that  American  citizens,  after 
the  heat  and  mad  frenzy  of  the  contes't  is  over,  can  and  do  meet  together 
in  fraternal  amity  and  raise  shaft  and  monument,  perpetuating  the 
heroism,  devotion  and  suffering  of  those  who  here  grappled  as  deadly 
foes.  Nowhere  else  in  all  the  earth  or  all  the  annals  of  history  is  found 
a  field  of  battle  so  commemorated  by  the  joint  peaceful  effects  of  former 
contending  enemies.  To  mark  this  high  trait  in  American  citizenship 
this  National  Park  is  set  apart;  and,  in  furtherance  of  this  great  design, 
we,  the  survivors  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Cav- 
alry, are  here  this  day  met  to  dedicate  and  set  apart  this  monumental 
shaft. 

In  order  that  the  importance,  from  a  military  standpoint,  of  the  opera- 
tions of  this  regiment  which  this  shaft  in  part  commemorates,  may  be 
the  better  understood,  it  is  fitting  that  we  should  briefly  glance  at  the 
several  positions  the  Federal  army  under  General  Rosecrans  occupied  on 
the  evening  of  the  17th  and  morning  of  the  18th  of  September,  1863,  and 
also  the  positions,  movements  and  purposes  of  the  Confederate  army  and 
its  Commander,  General  Bragg.  On  the  17th  of  September,  1863,  Rose- 
crans' army,  consisting  of  the  three  corps,  occupied  positions  extending 


302  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

from  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill  to  Dug  Gap,  nearly  in  front  of  Lafayette.  On 
that  day,  pursuant  to  orders  for  its  concentration,  a  leisurely  movement 
was  begun  by  which  General  Thomas,  commanding  the  centre,  moved 
down  McLemore's  Cove  and  the  Upper  Chickamauga  toward  Crawfish 
Springs.  McCook,  commanding  the  right,  moved  from  the  front  of  La- 
fayette into  the  Cove;  and  Crittenden,  commanding  the  left,  remained  in 
position  from  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill  along  the  Chickamauga  toward  Craw- 
fish Springs. 

The  same  day  General  Bragg,  who  had  since  the  llth  anxiously  sought 
an  opportunity  to  attack  some  of  the  detached  corps  of  Rosecrans,  threw 
a  provisional  division  of  three  brigades,  under  Brigadier  General  Bushrod, 
R.  Johnson,  northward  from  Tunnel  Hill  to  Ringgold  and  Catoosa  Sta- 
tion, moved  Folk's  Corps  forward  to  positions  along  the  Chickamauga  op- 
posite Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill  and  marched  Longstreet's  and  Buckner's 
Corps  from  Lafayette  toward  and  near  the  Chickamauga  opposite  Craw- 
fish Springs. 

Having  his  army  thus  well  in  hand,  Bragg  on  the  night  of  September 
17,  issued  the  following  order: 

"Headquarters  Army  of  the  Tennessee,   In  the  Field, 

Leet's  Tanyard,  September  18,  1863. 
Circular: 

"1.  Johnson' s. column  (Hood's)  on  crossing  at  or  near  Reed's  Bridge  will  turn  to  *he 
left  by  the  most  practicable  route  and  sweep  up  the  Chickamauga  toward  Lee  & 
Gordon's  Mill. 

"2.  Walker,  crossing  at  Alexander's  Bridge,  will  unite  in  this  movement  and  push 
vigorously  on  the  enemy's  flank  and  rear  in  the  same  direction. 

"3.  Buckner,  crossing  at  Thedford's  Ford,  will  Join  in  the  movement  to  the  left  and 
press  the  enemy  up  the  stream  from  Folk's  front  at  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill. 

"4.  Polk  will  press  his  forces  to  the  front  of  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill  and,  if  met  by  too 
much  resistance  to  cross,  will  bear  to  the  right  and  cross  at  Dalton's  Ford  or  at  Thed- 
ford's, aa  may  be  necessary,  and  Join  in  the  attack  wherever  the  enemy  may  be. 

"5.  Hill  will  cover  our  left  flank  from  an  advance  of  the  enemy  from  the  Cove,  and  by 
pressing  the  cavalry  in  his  front  ascertain«if  the  enemy  is  re-enforcing  at  Lee  &  Gordon's 
Mill,  in  which  event  he  will  attack  them  in  flank. 

"6.  Wheeler's  cavalry  will  hold  the  gaps  In  Pigeon  Mountain  and  cover  our  rear  and 
left  and  bring  up  stragglers. 

"7.  All  trains,  artillery,  etc.,  not  in  with  troops,  should  go  toward  Ringgold  and 
Dalton  beyond  Taylor's  Ridge.  All  cooking  should  be  done  at  the  trains.  Rations  when 
cooked  will  be  forwarded  to  the  troops. 

"8.  The  above  movements  will  be  executed  with  the  utmost  promptness  and  persistence. 
"By  order  of  General  Bragg. 

"GEO.  W.   BRENT, 
"Assistant   Adjutant   General." 

This  circular  order  clearly  shows  a  great  tactical  movement  by  which 
General  Bragg  expected  to  attack  and  crush  Crittenden  at  Lee  &  Gor- 
don's Mill  early  in  the  day  on  the  18th.  Then  turning  upon  Thomas,  while 
with  flank  exposed  he  was  moving  to  the  relief  of  Crittenden,  deliver  on 
him  a  crushing  blow,  leaving  the  extreme  right  under  McCook  to  be  at- 
tacked and  defeated  at  leisure.  These  movements,  if  successful,  would 
inevitably  result  in  the  total  dispersion  of  the  whole  Federal  army;  and 
there  seemed  no  reason  why  they  should  not  succeed  even  up  to  the 
most  sanguine  of  Bragg's  expectations. 

Crittenden  did  not  and  would  not  believe  there  was  any  considerable 


CIIICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  303 

hostile  force  \\  ithin  twenty  miles  of  his  front.  [General  Wilder,  inter- 
rupting, said:  "He  (Crittenden)  not  only  would  not  and  did  not  believe  It, 
but  even  the  next  day  declared  to  Rosecrans  in  my  presence  that  he  could 
whip  every  rebel  force  within  thirty  miles  with  his  own  corps  alone.] 
Thomas  was  marching  in  apparent  security  in  a  long  thin  column,  with 
his  whole  flank  exposed  directly  along  the  front  of  Polk,  Hill  and  Long- 
street;  while  McCook  was  moving  through  denies  and  narrow  roads 
from  the  gaps  of  the  Pigeon  Mountains  back  into  McLemore's  Oove;  and 
the  impression  pervaded  the  whole  army,  from  general  to  private,  that 
Bragg  was  still  falling  back  to  Dalton  and  Rocky  Face  Ridge,  and  this 
at  the  very  time  when  Johnson,  Buckner  and  Polk,  with  three-fourths  of 
Bragg's  army,  were  ready  to  fall  upon  Crittenden,  who,  with  less  than 
one-third  the  force  menacing  him,  was  lying  in  carelessly  detached  camps 
without  entrenchments,  without  outposts  and  without  even  batteries  in 
position. 

Two  brigade  commanders  were,  however,  alert  and  deeply  impressed 
with  the  importance  of  portents  which  they  had  observed;  Minty,  com- 
manding First  Brigade,  Second  Division  of  Cavalry,  then  stationed  east 
of  the  Chickamauga  at  Reed's  Bridge,  and  Wilder,  commanding  a  brigade 
of  mounted  infantry  stationed  west  of  Chickamauga  at  Alexander's 
Bridge.  Minty  had  on  the  17th  uncovered  Buckner's  Corps  near  Leet's 
Tanyard  while  marching  toward  Ringgold;  and  Wilder  had  from  the  12th 
to  16th  so  demonstrated  and  scouted  in  his  front  that  he  knew  Folk's 
Corps,  at  least,  was  not  retreating  but  was,  in  fact,  advancing  on  Crit- 
tenden. 

This  brings  us  to  the  morning  of  September  18.  I  read  from  "Forrest 
and  his  Cavalry,"  pages  312-313;  "Johnson  says  in  his  official  report  that  he 
moved  at  5  A.  M.,  and  at  5.30  encountered  the  enemy  in  Pea  Vine  Valley." 
About  4  A.  M.,  of  the  18th,  Minty  sent  Captain  Heber  S.  Thompson  with 
attachment  of  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  on  a  reconnoisance  toward 
Ringgold,  with  instructions  to  go  to  that  place  and  if  occupied  by  General 
Granger  to  communicate  with  him.  Captain  Thompson  met  Johnson's 
advance  about  three  miles  from  Reed's  bridge,  just  beyond  Peeler's 
Mill  on  the  Pea  Vine  Creek  and  there  opened  the  battle  of  Chickamauga 
at  5.30  A.  M.  In  this  first  skirmish  John  Ward,  of  company  F,  was  killed. 
Thus  it  was  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  which  from  the  Federal 
forces  fired  the  first  shots,  and  John  Ward,  of  company  F,  Seventh  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry,  was  the  first  Federal  soldier  killed  in  that  battle. 

Owen  Brennan,  company  F,  and  Jacob  Stroup,  company  H,  were  also 
killed  at  Peeler's  Mill  soon  after  Ward  was  shot. 

Captain  Thompson's  little  company,  in  the  fog  and  uncertain  light  of 
that  early  morning,  must  have  made  a  pretty  formidable  resistance,  for 
we  find  from  Bushrod  Johnson's  official  report  that  he  here  "halted  his 
four  thousand  seven  hundred  muskets  and  three  batteries  of  artillery  and 
formed  line  of  battle." 

Intelligence  of  Thompson's  skirmish  having  reached  Camp,  Minty, 
about  eight  A.  M.,  sent  forward  the  Fourth  Michigan  to  his  support  and 


304  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

immediately  followed  with  the  remainder  of  the  brigade  and  a  section 
of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  Battery,  and  formed  a  line  of  battle  on 
Pea  Vine  Ridge,  overlooking  the  valley  in  which  the  skirmish  was  going 
on.  At  ten  A.  M.,  Johnson  was  joined  by  Robinson's  Battery  of  twelve 
guns  and  two  other  brigades,  swelling  his  force  to  about  seven  thousand 
infantry  and  four  batteries  or  twenty  pieces  of  artillery.  It  was  then 
that  the  crossing  of  Pea  Vine  Creek  was  effected.  Thompson  fell  back 
to  Minty's  line  on  the  ridge  and  Johnson  received  the  following  order 
from  General  Bragg: 

"In  the  Field,   Leet's,    September  18. 
"Brigadier  General  Johnson,  Commanding  Column: 

"General,  you  will  proceed  without  further  delay  and  cross  the  Chlckamauga  In  pur- 
suance cf  previous  orders  and  circular  therewith  forwarded. 

"I  am,  general,  very  respectfully, 

"GEO.  W.  BRENT, 
"Assistant  Adjutant  General." 

The  position  of  Minty's  Brigade  on  the  ridge  was  so  impressive  to 
Johnson  that  he  declined  a  direct  attack  and  instead  moved  the  larger 
portion  of  his  command  by  the  right  flank  around  the  northern  end  of  the 
ridge  toward  Dyer's  Ford  and  Gyesville.  This  movement  being  observed 
by  Minty  and  the  strength  of  the  enemy's  column  approximately  ascer- 
tained from  seeing  fifteen  regimental  stands  of  colors  displayed,  and  the 
enemy  now  advancing  in  full  line,  the  brigade  was  forced  back  over  the 
ridge  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Reed's  Bridge.  During  this  retrograde 
movement  but  little  firing  occurred  on  either  side. 

Minty  formed  line  in  a  semi-circle  from  near  the  creek,  a  few  hundred 
yards  below  the  bridge,  to  the  Harrison  Lafayette  road  east  and  south  of 
it  at  twelve  A.  M.  The  enemy  followed  promptly  and,  as  their  column 
debouched  from  the  gap,  the  artillery,  which  had  been  placed  In  ambush, 
opened  on  them  with  canister  at  short  range,  checking  their  advance, 
and  before  they  could  recover  or  deploy  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  and 
Fourth  Michigan  delivered  a  terrific  sabre  charge,  riding  through  their 
thronging  masses  and  drove  that  column  back  through  the  gap  and  up  to 
the  top  of  the  ridge.  The  flanking  column,  however,  had  meantime  ad- 
vanced steadily  around  the  ridge  and  up  the  creek  and,  forming  line  with 
their  artillery  in  position,  by  one  P.  M.  was  able  to  sweep  the  whole  space 
from  the  bridge  to  the  ridge  and  rendered  the  position  untenable.  Before 
this  the  baggage  train  of  the  brigade  and  all  but  one  squadron  of  the 
Fourth  Regulars  had  been  moved  across  the  bridge.  The  position  of 
the  Seventh  Pennsylvania,  Fourth  Michigan  and  the  section  of  artillery 
still  on  the  east  side— in  all  less  than  seven  hundred  men  formed  in  a  thin, 
scant  semi-circular  line  on  the  low  ground  at  the  bridge  around  Mr. 
Reed's  house — was,  at  this  time,  perilous  in  the  extreme.  The  line  of 
mounted  men  was  not  more  than  two  hundred  yards  in  segment  and 
about  four  hundred  yards  in  total  semi-circular  length.  Two  additional 
brigades  of  the  enemy,  accompanied  by  General  Hood  in  person,  had  ar- 
rived from  the  neighborhood  of  Alexander's  Bridge  and  were  now  sweep- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  305 

ing  down  the  creek  near  the  Harrison  road.  The  long  compact  line,  sup- 
ported by  heavy  columns,  with  artillery  raking  the  bridge,  was  steadily 
advancing  up  the  creek,  while  the  central  column,  reinforced  and  re- 
formed, was  rushing  from  the  gap  in  furious  charge  directly  upon  the 
bridge.  Minty  caused  the  Fourth  Michigan  to  be  withdrawn  from  the 
line  by  twos  to  the  left  rear  and  moved  at  a  trot  over  the  bridge.  The 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  followed  immediately  in  the  same  order;  while 
the  squadron  of  the  Fourth  Regulars  under  Lieutenant  Wert  Davis, 
which  had  been  supporting  the  artillery,  being  in  great  danger  of  capture 
before  the  Seventh  could  clear  the  bridge,  wheeled  and,  by  a  most  dar- 
ing and  desperate  sabre  charge,  cleared  sufficient  space  and  gained  suffi- 
cient time  to  cover  the  crossing  of  the  Seventh  and  make  good  their  own 
retreat.  The  gallant  Davis  himself  halted  with  a  few  of  his  men  on  the 
bridge,  though  it  was  then  raked  by  all  the  artillery  and  musketry  of  the 
enemy  and,  tearing  up  the  rails  of  which  the  flooring  was  composed,  rend- 
ering it  for  the  time  impassable.  The  artillery  had  previously  crossed  the 
creek  at  a  point  near  the  bridge.  One  squadron  of  the  Fourth  Michigan, 
being  on  picket  duty  south  of  the  bridge,  had  to  swim  their  horses  over  to 
escape  capture. 

Shortly  after  one  P.  M.,  Minty,  thus  driven  across  the  creek,  formed 
line  on  the  ground  marked  by  this  and  adjacent  monuments  and  markers. 

At  this  hour  General  Bragg,  highly  impatient  of  the  delay  in  Johnson's 
and  Hood's  column,  issued  the  following  order: 

"Headquarters  Army  of  Tennessee, 
Leet's  Tanyard,  September  18,  1  P.  M. 
To  General  B.  R.  Johnson,  Commanding  Right  Column: 

General:  The  general  commanding  desires  that  you  will  push  on  your  column  vigor- 
ously and  engage  the  enemy  regardless  of  the  force  in  your  front.  The  army  Is  waiting 
en  your  ircvement.  I  am  very  respectfully  yours,  etc. 

GEORGE  WM.  BRENT, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General." 

Hood  now  assumed  command  of  the  column  and  for  more  than  three 
hours  sought  to  effect  a  crossing,  but  it  was  not  until  after  Wilder  had 
been  forced  from  Alexander's  Bridge,  and  a  large  force  under  Buckner 
had  crossed  at  Dalton's  Ford,  that  Minty  was  forced  from  this  position 
and  Johnson  and  Hood  began  crossing  Reed's  bridge  at  four  P.  M. 
Forrest,  at  about  the  same  time,  forded  the  stream  between  the  bridge 
and  Dyer's  Ford. 

A  second  line  was  formed  just  west  and  south  of  Jay's  Saw  Mill  and 
held  by  Minty  for  more  than  an  hour,  when,  from  information  I  received 
through  scouts,  I  sent  to  him  this  dispatch:  "Wilder  has  fallen  back  from 
Alexander's  Bridge  and  is  retreating  toward  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill,  and  the 
enemy  is  crossing  the  river  at  all  points  in  force.  [General  Wilder  here 
said:  "Hold  on;  Wilder  was  not  driven  or  falling  back  from  Alexander's 
Bridge.  I  held  them  off,  making  angels  of  more  than  two  hundred  and 
fifty  of  them,  until  after  they  crossed  at  the  fords  and  had  also  crossed 
at  Reed's  Bridge."]  Vale  answered:  "I  am  giving  the  incidents  as  they 
occurred  at  the  time.  I  sent  the  dispatch  to  Minty  from  information 
20 


-306  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

given  me  by  your  own  men  sent,  as  they  represented,  by  you  to  Colonel 
Miller  who  was  then  with  us."  Forrest,  on  crossing,  had  moved  almost 
due  west  toward  the  Chattanooga  road  and  now  circled  Minty's  left. 
Hood's  main  force  was  formed  in  front  nearly  on  Minty's  former  position; 
the  forces  of  Buckner  were  advancing  from  Dalton's  Ford,  and  thus,  out- 
flanked and  overwhelmed,  Minty  was  driven  steadily  through  the  open 
woods  toward  Crittenden's  lefit  at  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill.  In  this  move- 
ment, however,  he  so  disposed  his  command,  by  forming  successive  lines 
and  constant  fighting,  that  Hood,  instead  of  moving  in  a  direct  line  upon 
Crittenden,  and  so  "sweeping  up  the  Chickamauga,"  deflected  to  the  left 
and  followed  the  bend  of  the  creek  around  by  way  of  Dalton's  Ford  and 
Alexander's  Bridge.  This  lengthened  line  of  march  and  the  constant  re- 
sistance offered  by  Minty  so  delayed  his  progress  and  hampered  his 
march  that  it  was  not  until  after  dark,  or  about  eight  P.  M.,  that  he 
reached  within  striking  distance  of  Crittenden,  and  even  then,  on  making 
his  attack  at  nine  P.  M.,  ran  against  and  was  repulsed  by  Wilder  and 
Minty  dismounted  and  formed  to  receive  him. 

We  have  seen  General  Bragg's  orders  for  the  movements  of  his  entire 
army  this  day,  and  have  noted  how  promising  they  were  of  the  most 
brilliantly  successful  execution  on  the  morning  of  the  18th,  and  have 
recounted  the  series  of  stirring  events  which  rendered  them  totally  bar- 
ren of  results,  and  it  but  remains  to  examine  the  reasons  given  by  General 
Bragg  for  the  total  failure.  General  Bragg,  in  his  official  report,  says: 
"The  resistance  offered  by  the  enemy's  cavalry  and  the  difficulties  arising 
from  the  bad  and  narrow  country  roads  caused  unexpected  delays  in  the 
execution  of  these  movements,  and,  though  the  commander  of  the  right 
column  was  several  times  urged  to  press  forward,  his  crossing  was  not 
effected  until  late  in  the  afternoon,"  etc. 

1.  What  of  "bad  roads?"    It  was  the  18th  day  of  September,  during  a  re- 
markably dry  spell;  no  rain  of  any  account  had  fallen  since  the  preceding 
July  and  the  roads  were  dry  and  hard,  and  on  the  line  of  Johnson's  ad- 
vance were  not  even  rough  or  rocky.    With  the  exception  of  the  short, 
sharp  acclivity  of  Pea  Vine  Ridge  the  march  was  over  a  comparatively 
level  country.    Pea  Vine  Creek,  where  he  halted  and  manoeuvred  in  the 
face  of  less  than  one  hundred  men  under  Captain  Thompson,  is  an  in- 
significant stream  which  at  that  time  a  man  could  step  across. 

2.  As  to  the  "narrow  country  roads."    With  the  exception  of  a  short 
distance  over  the  Pea  Vine  Valley  at  Peeler's  Mill,  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
in  all,  the  whole  distance  was  through  an  open  wooded  country,  and,  in 
point  of  fact,  wherever  we  saw  the  advance  it  was  in  line  and  parallel 
columns,  sweeping  over  the  country  without  regard  to  roads  or  their  con- 
dition.   Again,  even  if  confined  to  roads,  no  wagon  road  is  so  narrow  but 
that  it  gives  space  enough  for  a  movement  of  infantry  "by  fours."    The 
whole  force  moving  on  Reed's  Bridge  was  four  thousand  seven  hundred 
infantry  and  three  batteries  of  artillery.    This  infantry  force  can  move 
comfortably  in  a  column  two  miles  long,  and  with  the  artillery  would 
be  about  two  and  one  half  miles.    In  this  formation  it  can  and  should 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  307 

move  at  the  rate  of  three  miles  an  hour,  and  this  rate  at  If-ast  Johnson's 
report  shows  he  actually  maintained  for  the  first  six  or  eight  miles;  that 
is,  from  Ringgold  and  Catoosa  Station  to  near  Peeler's  Mill.  He  yays  he 
started  at  five  A.  M.,  and  reached  Pea  Vine  Creek  at  about  seven.  From 
Peeler's  Mill  to  Reed's  Bridge  is  less  than  three  miles,  but  it  took  him 
five  hours  to  cover  that  distance.  It  took  him,  with  over  seven  thousand 
infantry  and  four  batteries  of  artillery,  besides  Forrest's  Cavalry,  more 
than  four  hours  to  drive  Minty,  with  less  than  one  thousand  sabres  and 
two  pieces  of  artillery,  from  the  bridge;  and  then  took  him,  re-enforced 
by  two  more  full  brigades,  in  all  over  ten  thousand  infantry,  supported 
on  the  right  by  Forrest's  Cavalry,  and  on  the  left  by  Buckner's  Division 
of  Folk's  Corps,  five  hours  more  to  march  through  an  open  country  over 
good,  level  roads,  and  through  hard,  dry  open  woods,  a  distance  of  less 
than  five  miles.  So  much  for  "the  bad,  narrow  country  roads."  The 
"resistance  offered  by  the  enemy's  cavalry"  is  the  only  factor  not  elim- 
inated. And  in  the  face  of  the  unquestioned  fact  that  General  Bragg's 
whole  plan  of  attack  and  battle  for  September  18,  1863,  is  admitted  by 
himself,  to  have  been  a  failure  and  been  brought  to  naught,  I  here  and 
now  declare,  that  even  were  there  no  evidence  that  Minty's  Brigade  ever 
fired  a  shot  or  drew  a  sabre  on  that  day,  the  conclusion  must  be  irre- 
sistable  to  all  military  tacticians,  that  the  presence,  movements  and  tac- 
tics of  that  command  on  that  day  saved  Rosecrans'  army  from  a  most 
crushing  blow; — a  blow,  too,  about  to  fall  when  it  was  totally  unprepared, 
and  when  its  constituent  parts  were  so  dislocated  as  to-be  physically  im- 
possible of  being  united  in  time  to  succor  each  other. 

Even  with  the  twenty-four  hours  grace  thus  obtained  for  the  army,  it 
is  evident  to  the  military  student  that  Rosecrans  was  seriously  crippled 
and  handicapped  on  the  19th  by  having  to  rush  both  Thomas  and  McCook 
in  hurried  night  and  day,  continuous  march,  from  the  distant  points  to  the 
field  of  battle,  and  on  their  arriving,  having  to  place  the  different  divi- 
sions and  corps  in  line  in  an  inverse  order  and  frequently  intermingling 
parts  of  divisions  and  corps  with  others  with  which  they  were  not  ac- 
customed to  manoeuvre.  Such  being  the  case,  what  must  have  been  the 
appalling  disaster  which  would  have  met  the  army  had  not  the  blow 
planned,  aimed  and  delivered  by  Bragg,  been  warded  off  by  Minty's  and 
Wilder's  brigades  on  the  18th  I  leave  to  all  just  military  critics  to  answer. 

The  part  taken  by  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  the  brigade 
during  the  remainder  of  the  battle  I  will  have  to  describe  in  a  few  words. 
During  the  terrific  actions  of  the  19th  it  was  placed  on  duty  during  the 
forenoon  to  guard  the  line  of  march  of  troops  arriving  on  the  field  from 
Crawfish  Spring.  At  noon  it  was  sent  as  guard  to  an  ammunition  train 
toward  Rossville,  with  orders  to  report  to  General  Granger  at  that  place, 
and  bivoucked  there  for  the  night.  At  five  A.  M.,  of  the  20th,  it  was 
moved  to  the  extreme  left  of  the  army  at  Mission  Mills.  From  thence,  at 
four  P.  M.,  it  was  moved  to  Red  House  and  there  engaged  Scott's  Brigade 
of  Confederate  cavalry  and  drove  it  to  the  east  side  of  the  Chickamauga. 
During  the  night  it  moved  to  McAfee's  Church  on  Spring  Creek,  two  miles 


308  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

east  of  Rossville  Gap.  Daylight  of  the  21st  found  it  in  this  exposed  posi- 
tion, i.  e.,  three  miles  in  front  of  the  Federal  line  on  Missionary  Ridge.  Ic 
was  here  attacked  early  in  the  day  by  Forrest,  who  says  in  his  report:  "I 
vigorously  attacked  them  with  Dibrell's  command  dismounted  but  could 
not  move  them,"  etc.  During  that  day  it  fell  back  in  successive  lines 
under  the  pressure  of  constant  heavy  attacks  until  the  gap  was  reached 
about  eleven  A.  M.  Just  south  and  east  of  the  gap  the  regiment  was  furi- 
ously assailed  by  overwhelming  forces  and,  after  losing  Captain  D.  G. 
May  and  several  others  killed,  Bernard  Riley,  Jr.,  and  some  eighteen  men 
wounded,  was  withdrawn  to  the  rear  of  the  army.  On  the  23d  the  regi- 
ment formed  the  rear  guard  of  the  entire  army  then  moving  into  Chat- 
tanooga and  fought  continuously  from  Missionary  Ridge  to  the  Watkin's 
House,  three  miles  east  of  Chattanooga,  where  it  ^arrived  about  seven 
P.  M.  The  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  thus  has  the  distinction  of 
opening  and  closing  the  great  battle  of  Chickamauga. 

The  casualties  are  matter  of  public  record  and  need  not  be  specifically 
adverted  to  here.  Our  dead  we  mourned  as  we  had  honored  and  respected 
them  in  life.  Our  wounded  and  disabled  we  have  succored  and  sustained. 
And  here,  on  this  historic  field,  we  place  this  monument,  with  its  inscrip- 
tions and  tablets,  as  a  reminder  to  posterity  of  some  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania's contribution  to  the  peace  and  prosperity  the  nation  to-day  en- 
joys. 

'Tls  well  to  pause  and  ponder  on  heroic  deeds, 
And  with  the  hero  thrill  In  sympathy: 

'Tls  well  to  honor  those  whom  Honor's  seir  has  crowned, 
And  teach  our  youth  the  price  of  Liberty. 


ADDRESS   AND    HISTORICAL    SKETCH    BY   LIEUT.    GEORGE 
F.  STEAHLIN,  ADJUTANT. 

OF  THE  opening  and  closing  of  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  by  the 
Seventh     Pennsylvania     Volunteer     Cavalry,     eightieth     in     line. 
Friday,  September  18,  1863,  the  First  Brigade,  Second  Cavalry  Di- 
vision, Army  of  the  Cumberland,  commanded  by  R.  H.  G.  Minty,  was 
bivouacking  on  the  east  side  of  Chickamauga  Creek,  near  Reed's  Bridge, 
eight  miles  west  of  Ringgold,  protecting  the  left  of  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland.   The   indications   were   that   there  would   be   some   hard   work. 
At  six  A.  M.,  Captain  Heber  S.  Thompson,  with  one  hundred  men  of  the 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  moved  out,  with  orders  to  go  to  Ring- 
gold.    At  the  same  hour,   Brigadier  General  Bushrod  R.  Johnson,   with 
a  provisional  division   of  Confederates,   seven   thousand  rank   and   file, 
moved  out  from  Ringgold,  with  orders  to  cross  the  Chickamauga  Creek 
at  Reed's  Bridge  and  sweep  up  the  creek  towards  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill. 
At  seven  A.  M..  Johnson  reached  Peeler's  Mill,  one  mile  east  of  Pea  Vine 
Creek  and  formed  line  of  battle  with  Captain  McDonald's  company  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  309 

Seventeenth  Regiment  of  Tennessee  Infantry  the  advance  on  Johnson's 
left,  near  Pea  Vine  Bridge,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Martin,  with  a  detachment 
of  John  Morgan's  Cavalry  (the  remnant  that  were  not  captured  in  Mor- 
gan's Ohio  raid)  on  the  right. 

Captain  Heber  S.  Thompson,  with  one  hundred  men  of  the  Seventh 
Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry,  at  seven  A.  M.,  was  east  of  Pea  Vine 
Church;  his  advance  of  four  men,  Corporal  John  Williams,  Privates 
Amandus  Womer,  Samuel  Waters  and  John  Ward,  on  the  road,  one  hun- 
dred yards  west  of  Pea  Vine  Creek. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Watt  W.  Floyd  and  Adjutant  McCormick  of  the 
Seventeenth  Regiment,  Tennessee  Volunteer  Confederates,  were  in  front 
of  Captain  McDonald's  company  to  observe  and  try  to  effect  a  crossing  of 
Pea  Vine  Creek  at  the  bridge.  Private  Samuel  Walters,  company  F,  Sev- 
enth Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  at  a  house  about  a  hundred  yards  from  the 
creek,  took  aim  and  fired  his  Smith  breech  loading  carbine  at  the  two  Con- 
federate officers,  who  retreated  and  reported  to  Brigadier  General  John- 
son at  Peeler's  Mills.  Captain  McDonald  moved  his  company  of  Con- 
federates forward  towards  Pea  Vine  Creek.  Captain  Thompson's  advance 
moved  towards  the  creek,  sustained  by  sixteen  soldiers  at  a  trot.  As  the 
advance  reached  the  west  bank  of  Pea  Vine  Creek,  Morgan's  Confederate 
Cavalry  fired  a  volley,  killing  John  Ward  and  wounding  Corporal  John 
Williams.  Captain  Thompson  advanced  his  command  until  halted  by 
Everett's  Battery,  (Battery  E,  Ninth  Georgia),  who  opened  with  three 
pieces,  killing  Owen  Brennan,  company  F;  Jacob  Stroup,  company  H; 
wounding  Daniel  King,  mortally,  and  John  Lynch,  company  F,  Seventh 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 

This  was  the  actual  opening  of  the  great  battle  of  Chickamauga. 
Captain  Thompson  held  his  advance  position,  skirmishing  with  the 
Confederates  who  he  prevented  from  crossing  Pea  Vine  Creek  until  ten  A. 
M.  Colonel  R.  H.  G.  Minty  moved  the  brigade  from  Reed's  Bridge  to  the 
east  slope  of  Pea  Vine  Ridge  where  line  of  battle  was  formed.  Lieutenant 
T.  D.  Griffin, with  two  guns, Chicago  Board  of  Trade  Battery,  commenced 
firing,  causing  the  enemy  to  halt  and  adjust  his  lines.  At  eleven  A.  M., 
Brigadier  General  Johnson  received  orders  from  General  Bragg  "to  move 
forward  and  cross  Reed's  Bridge."  General  N.  B.  Forrest,  with  the  Sev- 
enteenth Tennessee  Regiment,  moved  to  the  right  of  Minty  as  a  flank 
movement  to  gain  Lambert's  Ford,  Chickamauga  Creek.  This  movement 
being  observed  by  Minty,  he  moved  the  brigade  to  the  rear  and  formed  on 
the  west  slope  of  Pea  Vine  Ridge.  As  the  enemy  moved  forward  he  re- 
ceived re-enforcements,  augmenting  his  force  to  ten  thousand.  A  stub- 
born fight  ensued. 

Minty,  with  nine  hundred  and  seventy-three  (973),  rank  and  file,  held 
the  enemy  at  bay  until  one  o'clock  P.  M.  At  this  hour  General  Bragg  sent 
Brigadier  General  Johnson  a  peremptory  ord^r  to  "take  Reed's  Bridge  re- 
gardless of  the  forces  in  your  front.  The  army  is  waiting  on  you  to  cross 
the  Chickamauga  Creek."  In  compliance  with  the  order,  Johnson  moved 
forward  to  Reed's  House,  west  of  Pea  Vine  Ridge.  Minty  formed  his 


310  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

brigade  of  cavalry  on  the  plateau  in  a  semi-circle,  the  right  and  left  rest- 
ing on  the  creek.  A  regiment,  six  companies  and  two  pieces  of  artillery, 
from  Wilder's  Brigade  of  mounted  infantry,  arrived  as  re-enforcements. 
Minty  ordered  Colonel  Miller  down  the  west  side  of  the  Chickamauga  to 
protect  the  left  flanks  at  two  thirty  o'clock  P.  M.  The  enemy  charged  but 
were  halted  by  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  Battery  from  the  west  side  of 
of  Chickamauga  Creek.  The  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry  commenced  cross- 
ing the  frail,  dilapidated  Reed's  Bridge,  followed  by  the  Fourth  United 
States  Cavalry  (regulars).  The  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  crossed 
after  the  Fourth  United  States  Cavalry  had  crossed.  Captain  Percy  H. 
White,  commanding  company  A,  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  partly 
dismantled  Reed's  Bridge  under  a  severe  artillery  fire  from  Bedsloe's 
Missouri  Battery. 

The  brigade  was  formed  at  Jay's  Saw  Mill,  west  of  Chickamauga 
Creek.  Colonel  Miller's  command  of  mounted  infantry  was  recalled.  The 
Seventeenth  Tennessee  Confederates  crossd  Reed's  Bridge  at  three  thirty 
o'clock  P.  M.  General  Hood,  of  Longstreet's  Corps,  arrived  with  re-en- 
forcements and  assumed  command  and  moved  up  .the  Chickamauga  Creek 
to  a  position  east  of  the  Viniards  House.  Minty,  Wilder  and  two  in- 
fantry regiments  of  Dix's  Brigade  formed  line  of  battle  west  of  the 
Viniards  House  at  dusk. 

At  sunset  a  brigade  of  the  reserve  corps  commanded  by  Colonel  Daniel 
McCook  arrived  at  Jay's  Saw  Mill,  two  hours  after  Minty  had  moved  to 
make  a  conjunction  with  Wilder's  Brigade.  McCook  had  a  fight  with 
McNair's  Confederate  Brigade  at  dusk. 

At  nine  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  Confederates  charged  Minty  and  Wilder  at 
the  Viniards  House  and  were  repulsed.  The  line  of  battle  held  the  po- 
sition until  four  o'clock  A.  M.,  September  19,  when  it  was  relieved  by 
Major  General  Palmer's  Division,  Twenty-first  Army  Corps. 

Minty  retired  to  the  rear  of  General  Rosecrans'  headquarters,  "The 
Glenn  House,"  to  feed  and  groom  the  horses,  and  the  men  to  cook  break- 
fast. 

At  twelve  M.,  moved  out  as  guards  to  ammunition  train,  with  orders  to 
report  to  General  Gordon  Granger,  bivouacked  near  Rossville.  At  five  A. 
M.,  Sunday,  September  20,  moved  to  Missionary  Mills  on  the  left  of  the 
reserve  corps.  Scouts  and  patrols  were  sent  east  of  Chickamauga  Creek, 
to  Chickamauga  Station  in  Georgia.  At  three  o'clock  P.  M.,  moved  to 
the  Red  House  Bridge,  met  Scott's  Division  of  Confederate  Cavalry, 
skirmished  and  drove  them  a  mile  east  of  the  Chickamauga  Creek, 
thereby  preventing  an  assault  on  the  left  and  rear  of  General  Thomas  at 
Cloud's  Springs.  At  night,  held  the  front  at  McAfee's  Church  on  the 
Ringgold  road. 

General  Thomas,  during  the  night,  moved  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland from  Snodgrass  Hill  to  Missionary  Ridge,  east  of  Rossville. 
Minty's  Brigade  of  cavalry  was  three  miles  in  front  of  the  army  until 
ten  fifteen  A.  M.,  September  21,  when  attacked  by  General  Forrest's  com- 
mand." A  stubborn  resistance  was  maintained  against  a  force  trebly 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  311 

outnumbering  Minty's  Sabre  Brigade;  retiring  to  Rossville  (jap,  righting 
with  desperation,  on  Missionary  Ridge  the  brigade  made  a  last  stand, 
being  shelled  vigorously  by  three  batteries. 

Barnett's  Second  Illinois  Battery  of  the  Reserve  Corps  came  to  Minty's 
assistance.  At  one  o'clock  P.  M.,  orders  were  received  to  retire.  In  doing 
so  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry* received  a  volley  from  the  rear,  de- 
livered by  an  Ohio  regiment  of  infantry,  wounding  a  number  of  horses. 
During  the  engagement  on  Missionary  Ridge,  Captain  David  G.  May, 
company  K,  and  Private  Andrew  Lavette,  company  E,  were  killed,  and  a 
number  wounded.  Moving  to  the  rear  of  the  army,  a  halt  was  made  at 
Rossville,  where  Lieutenant  Bernard  Reilly,  Jr.,  company  F,  was 
wounded. 

From  Rossville,  the  brigade  moved  to  the  left  of  the  army,  taking  posi- 
tion on  Missionary  Ridge,  and  holding  it  until  Tuesday  morning,  Septem- 
ber 22,  then  being  withdrawn  to  a  position  west  of  Rossville.  Skirmished, 
up  to  noon,  to  the  Watkins  House,  two  miles  west  of  Chatta- 
nooga. Towards  evening  orders  were  received  to  move  to  Chattanooga. 
The  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry  was  assigned  to  the  duty 
of  rear  guard,  arriving  at  Cameron  Hill  at  seven  P.  M.  At  eight  o'clock 
P.  M.,  the  Fourth  Michigan  and  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  were  or- 
dered to  work  in  the  trenches,  doing  so  until  sunrise  September  23. 

The  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  opened  and  closed  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga  and  was  engaged  and  under  fire  five  days,  from  seven  A. 
M.,  Friday,  September  18,  to  Tuesday  evening,  September  22.  The  com- 
mand behaved  itself  with  unusual  bravery,  receiving  praise  from  the 
commander  of  the  army  and.  the  commanders  of  division  and  brigade. 

Every  officer  and  soldier  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cav- 
alry who  was  engaged  in  this  memorable  battle  did  his  whole  duty,  of 
which  he  and  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  can  truthfully  say,  "well  done, 
brave,  true  and  loyal  soldiers."  Private  Samuel  Waters,  company  F,  fired 
the  first  shot  and  John  Ward  was  the  first  killed  in  the  opening  skirmish 
of  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  To  Pennsylvania  belongs  the  honor  of 
opening  and  closing  the  battle. 


ADDRESS  OF  IvIEUT.-COL,.  CHARLES  L.  GREENO. 

COMRADES: — As   we  stand  here  upon  this  ground  to-day,  we  can 
hardly  realize  that  more  than  thirty-four  years  have  passed  since 
we  were  engaged  in  the  fearful  battle  of  Chickamauga;  but  such  is 
the  case.    As  we  look  into  each  others  faces  we  recognize  the  fact  that 
we  are  not  the  boys  of  eighteen  and  twenty  years  of  age  that  we  were 
at  that  time.    We  are  men  on  the  shady  side  of  life,  but  the  ties  of  friend- 
ship   are  as  strong  to-day  as  they  were  when  we  were  sharing  together 


312  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

the  hardships  of  the  war.  We  are  together  again  for  a  few  hours  to 
dedicate  this  beautiful  monument  that  our  grand  old  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania has  placed  here  in  commemoration  of  the  services  rendered  by  our 
regiment  in  the  battle.  We  feel  sincerely  grateful  to  our  State  for  her 
generous  recognition. 

The  five  days  that  we  as  a  regiment  were  engaged  in  this  battle,  with 
its  sufferings  and  hardships,  will  never  be  forgotten.  I  say  five  days' 
battle,  for  to  us  it  was  five  full  days  of  fighting,  although  history  records 
only  three.  The  events  of  the  first  two  days  were  of  no  less,  if  not 
greater,  importance  than  any  days  of  the  battle.  Is  it  possible  to 
imagine  what  the  result  would  have  been!  It  was  disastrous  as  it  was. 
The  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  a  drawn  battle.  Our  forces  retreated, 
but  we  held  Chattanooga.  But  consider  what  would  have  been  the  con- 
sequences had  we,  I  refer  to  our  brigade,  and  General  Wilder's,  failed  to 
hold  in  check  the  overwhelming  Confederate  forces  during  those  two 
days  that  are  not  mentioned  in  history!  Had  they  succeeding  in  crossing 
Chickamauga  Creek  and  attacking  our  left  at  the  time  ordered  by  Gen- 
eral Bragg,  there  would  have  been  a  different  history  of  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  if  not  of  the  United  States. 

As  memory  recalls  to  our  minds  our  brave  comrades  who  fell  in  the 
battle,  it  causes  feelings  of  great  sadness.  We  can  never  forget  genial, 
brave  Captain  May,  loved  by  every  one.  I  was, in  pleasant  conversation 
with  him  just  a  few  moments  before  he  was  shot  down.  Nor  can  we,  of 
company  H,  forget  Private  Stroup,  who  fell  at  the  very  commencement  of 
the  battle  when  with  Captain  Thompson.  He  was  probably  the  second 
man  who  was  killed  in  the  battle.  He  was  a  bright  active  boy  of  about 
eighteen  years  of  age;  a  brave  soldier,  always  ready  for  duty.  I  met 
his  mother  three  years  ago  at  Pittsburgh  at  the  reunion  of  our  regi- 
ment. She  is  a  nice,  cultured  old  lady.  She  spoke  in  the  highest  terms  of 
her  boy,  and  said  she  had  always  prayed  God  that  she  might  live  long 
enough  to  meet  me  and  thank  me  for  the  kind  letter  I  wrote  her  after  the 
death  of  her  son. 

There  are  many  events  of  the  battle  that  are  not  recorded  in  history, 
that  I  have  picked  up  since,  that  to  me  are  very  interesting. 

It  was  my  pleasure  to  entertain  at  my  home,  for  a  number  of  days,  Gen- 
eral Minty.  He  related  to  me  this  incident  of  the  battle:  After  we  had 
covered  the  retreat  of  our  forces  back  to  Chattanooga,  he  reported  to 
General  Rosecrans  that  he  was  there  with  his  brigade.  General  Rose- 
crans  then  referred  him  to  General  Garfleld  for  orders.  General  Garfleld 
said  to  him:  "General  Rosecrans  directs  that  you  take  your  brigade  and 
return  ,on  the  same  road  as  rapidly -as  possible,  and  when  you  reach  the 
enemy's  lines,  charge  with  your  entire  brigade  as  far  as  you  can  go,  and 
then  get  back  as  best  you  can."  This  order  was  a  great  surprise  to  Gen- 
eral Minty.  You  remember  how  completely  exhausted  men  and  horses 
were  at  that  time.  Nevertheless  he  started  to  obey  the  order. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  313 

General  Garfield  told  him  to  report  to  General  Thomas  on  his  way  back. 
He  did  so,  and  General  Thomas,  without  any  hesitation,  countermanded 
the  order  and  directed  General  Minty  to  go  into  camp  with  his  brigade. 
Thus,  comrades,  each  one  of  us  has  personal  reasons  for  feeling  grateful 
to  our  brave  General  Thomas.  For,  had  we  made  the  charge  as  di- 
rected, not  many  of  us  would  be  here  to-day.  General  Minty  also  stated 
to  me  that  he  visited  General  Rosecrans'  headquarters  about  midnight 
after  the  first  day's  engagement,  when  we  had  been  so  hard  pressed  the 
entire  day  by  the  Confederate  forces  that  outnumbered  us  at  least  ten  to 
one,  and  after  learning  definitely  that  the  enemy  had  been  re-enforced  by 
Longstreet  with  his  command.  He  met  there  Generals  Rosecrans,  Crit- 
tenden  and  Garfield  and  other  officers,  yet  he  could  not  convince  them 
that  there  was  anything  in  our  front  but  an  insignificant  cavalry  force. 
Therefore,  we  can  readily  see  how  ill  prepared  would  the  left  of  our  army 
have  been  to  have  resisted  these  forces,  had  we  not  held  them  in  check  the 
time  we  did.  But  this,  in  substance  at  least,  is  included  in  Captain  Vale's 
admirable  address  and  I  will  not  pursue  the  subject  further. 

We  are  proud  of  the  record  of  the  old  Seventh,  not  only  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  but  in  the  more  than  one  hundred  other  engagements  in 
which  we  had  a  part.  We  never  failed  to  meet  the  expectations  of  our 
superior  officers  in  the  performance  of  any  duty  assigned  to  us.  We  are 
here,  a  goodly  number,  I  am  glad  to  say,  just  for  a  few  hours;  many  of 
us  meeting  for  the  first  time  since  we  were  mustered  out  at  Harrisburg 
at  the  close  of  the  war. 

To  say  that  I  am  rejoiced  to  look  into  your  faces  again,  and  again  take 
you  by  the  hand,  but  faintly  expresses  my  feelings. 

Now,  in  conclusion,  remember,  one  and  all,  that  my  home  is  in  Cin- 
cinnati and  my  latch-string  is  always  out.  Do  not  fail  to  visit  me 
whenever  it  is  possible  for  you  to  do  so.  I  trust  that  we  shall  so 
spend  the  remainder  of  our  days  that  when  the  final  "muster  out" 
comes  we  shall  all  be  united  again  in  that  world  where  wars  are  un- 
known. I  thank  you  for  your  kind  attention. 


ADDRESS  OF  MAJOR  CHARLES  C.  DAVIS. 


of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  and  Fellow  Citi- 
zens: —  Over  thirty-four  years  ago,  and  near  this  spot,  we  en- 
^-^  countered  men  worthy  of  our  steel.  On  one  side  the  Union  forces, 
who  were  fighting  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union  and  our  "starry 
banner,"  on  the  other,  the  southern  forces,  under  Bragg,  Longstreet,  Hill, 
Pope  and  Buckner. 

The  fight  began  early  on  the  morning  of  September  18,  1863,  by  driving 
:n  our  outposts,  viz:   Minty's  Brigade  consisting  of  the  Seventh  Penn- 


314  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

sylvania,  Fourth  United  States,  Fourth  Michigan,  one  battalion  of  the 
Third  Indiana,  all  cavalry,  and  the  Board  of  Trade  Battery  of  Chicago. 
Minty  was  in  command  and  our  whole  force  numbered  less  than  two 
thousand  men. 

General  N.  B.  Forrest  advanced  rapidly  with  a  force  of  six  thousand 
Confederate  cavalry.  He  had  been  ordered  to  attack  us  and  ride  over 
Minty's  command.  This  was  seven  A.  M.  Let  us  see  how  near  he  fulfilled 
his  order.  Minty  was  ready  for  him  and  brought  him  to  a  dead  halt 
with  our  carbines. 

The  Confederate  batteries  opened  on  us  with  shot  and  shell,  but  our 
own  Chicago  battery  soon  silenced  their  guns.  Hour  after  hour  the  fight 
continued  and  not  until  four  P.  M.,  of  that  day,  when  General  Johnson 
of  the  Confederate  forces  and  several  forces  of  infantry  came  to  Forrest's 
assistance,  did  we  fall  back  to  the  ground  on  which  we  now  stand  and 
where  this  beautiful  monument  is  being  dedicated.  It  was  here  we  still 
held  the  Confederates  when  we  received  the  orders  from  General  Palmer 
to  fall  back  towards  Lee  &  Gordons  Mill,  which  we  did  very  reluctantly, 
still  fighting  our  way.  We  went  into  camp  after  dark  within  one  mile  of 
said  mills,  and,  comrades,  you  all  know  what  a  cold  night  it  was  for  that 
season  of  the  year  in  the  State  of  Georgia.  No  fires  were  allowed,  no 
match  to  be  struck,  and  our  guns  pointed  to  the  enemy  during  the  night. 
Comrades  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania,  you  know  how  tired  and  worn 
out  we  were  after  marching  all  of  the  night  of  the  17th  to  join  our 
brigade  a  half  mile  south  of  Chickamauga  Creek.  But  you  all  know 
when  duty  calls,  'tis  ours  to  obey.  At  four  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing of  the  19th  we  fell  back  to  a  cornfield  and  you  all  know  how, 
when  you  had  fed  your  horses  with  the  corn  gathered  in  that  field, 
the  boys  chewed  at  the  hard  corn,  as  our  three  days  rations  which  had 
been  issued  to  us  previous  to  the  engagement  had  ran  out.  The  battle 
of  the  19th  was  soon  on  and  raged  with  terrible  fury  during  the  entire 
day.  We  were  sent  for,  about  noon  of  this  day,  by  General  Rosecrans  to 
come  to  his  headquarters,  at  the  Widow  Glenn's,  which  is  near  what  is 
now  called  Bloody  Pond.  While  there,  we  were  ordered  to  move  to  Ross- 
ville  Gap,  as  General  Forrest  was  attempting  to  flank  the  Union  forces, 
and  it  was  here,  on  the  night  of  the  19th  that  we,  for  the  first  time  in  two 
days,  laid  down  and  closed  our  eyes  in  sleep.  On  Sunday,  the  20th,  For- 
rest again  attempted  to  flank  the  Union  forces,  but  without  success,  as 
Minty  and  his  command  were  watching  him  closely.  We  arose  early  on 
this  morning  and  the  boom  of  General  Thomas'  guns  on  Snodgrass  Hill 
and  Kelly's  farm  was  the  first  sound  which  greeted  our  ears  upon  awak- 
ening. The  battle  continued  all  day  with  terrific  fury  and  the  slaughter 
in  front  of  General  Thomas'  Corps  was  terrible. 

On  the  morning  of  yie  21st,  when  our  army  was  falling  back  to  Chat- 
tanooga, you  all  know  the  position  we  held  on  Missionary  Ridge  near  the 
gap.  Minty  received  orders  to  hold  the  enemy  with  his  brigade  until 
General  Granger  could  get  his  infantry  and  artillery  into  line  at  our 
rear,  and  how  the  enemy  attacked  us  with  overwhelming  nu,mbers,  with 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  315 

all  arms  of  the  service!  How  we  fought!  It  was  here  that  Captain  May, 
of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  laid  down  his  life,  and  many  more 
lives  were  lost  this  day  for  the  perpetuation  of  our  country.  We  re- 
mained until  ordered  to  fall  back,  as  Granger  was  ready  to  receive  them 
with  his  corps  and  defeated  the  enemy. 

On  the  morning  of  the  22d  we  fell  back  into  Chattanooga,  the  enemy 
having  neither  captured  us  nor  driven  us  into  the  Tennessee  River  as 
they  had  promised  to  do. 

The  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  fired  the  first  shot  and  lost  the  first 
man  in  the  opening  of  the  fight  on  the  18th,  and  was  the  last  regiment  to 
leave  the  field  at  the  end  of  the  battle. 

This  regiment  was  known  to  all  as  the  Great  Sabre  Regiment  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  and,  comrades  and  citizens,  when  we  meet  here- 
after let  us  meet,  as  we  have  to-day,  with  the  open  hand  of  friendship; 
let  us  be  loyal  and  forever  defend  one  country  and  one  flag. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

THE  authority  to  raise  this  regiment  was  given  on  the  27th  of  Au- 
gust, 1861,  to  William  B.  Sipes,  of  Philadelphia,  by  the  Hon.  Simon 
Cameron,  Secretary  of  War.  Companies  A  and  F,  were  recruited  in 
Schuylkill  county,  B  in  Lycoming  and  Tioga,  C  in  Tioga  and  Bradford, 
D  in  Northumberland  and  Montour,  E  in  Clinton  and  Centre,  G  in  Chester, 
H  in  Montour  and  Luzerne,  I  in  Dauphin,  K  in  Cumberland,  L  in  Berks, 
and  M  in  Allegheny.  The  companies  were  recruited,  for  the  most  part, 
by  their  officers  and  at  their  expense,  the  grade  of  their  commissions 
depending,  as  a  general  rule,  upon  their  success  in  securing  men.  Their 
military  experience  was  in  general  limited  to  the  three  months'  service. 
The  companies  rendezvoused  at  Camp  Cameron,  near  Harrisburg,  where 
a  regimental  organization  was  effected,  and  the  following  field  officers 
were  commissioned:  George  C.  Wynkoop,  of  Pottsville,  Colonel;  William 
B.  Sipes,  of  Philadelphia,  Lieutenant  Colonel;  James  J.  Seibert,  of  Phila- 
delphia, James  Given,  of  West  Chester,  and  John  E.  Wynkoop,  of  Potts- 
ville, Majors.  Colonel  Wynkoop  had  been  connected  with  the  State 
militia,  as  an  officer  of  cavalry,  for  more  than  twenty  years,  had  served 
as  Brigadier  General  of  Volunteers  in  the  three  months'  service,  and  it 
was  by  the  active  exertions  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Sipes,  who  had  little 
military  experience  beyond  that  of  the  three  months'  service,  that  he 
was  selected  to  lead  the  regiment.  Clothing  was  promptly  issued  to  the 
men  upon  entering  camp,  and  the  regiment  was  regularly  exercised  in 
dismounted  drill.  Side  arms  were  received  while  at  Camp  Cameron,  and 
horses  were  supplied,  but  not  issued  until  after  leaving  it. 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
21 


316  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

On  the  18th  of  December,  the  colors  were  presented  by  Governor  Curtln. 
from  the  steps  of  the  State  Capitol,  and  on  the  following  day,  in  pursu- 
ance of  orders  from  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  regiment  started  for 
Louisville,  Kentucky,  where,  upon  its  arrival,  it  reported  to  General  Buell, 
in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland,  and  was  placed  in 
camp  of  instruction  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana.  Belgian  Rifles  were  is- 
sued, but  were  soon  after  condemned  and  turned  in,  and  subsequently  the 
Smith  and  Burnside  carbines  were  given. 

Towards  the  close  of  January,  1862,  the  regiment  broke  camp,  and, 
moving  leisurely  southward,  through  Kentucky,  arrived  at  Nashville, 
Tennessee,  soon  after  its  occupation  by  Union  forces.  Here  the  three 
battalions  were  separated,  the  first,  under  Major  Wynkoop,  being  as- 
signed to  General  Negley's  Brigade,  and  sent  with  him  to  Columbia;  the 
second,  under  Colonel  Wynkoop,  to  the  command  of  General  Dumont, 
garrisoning  Nashville;  and  the  third,  under  Major  Given,  to  Colonel 
Duffleld's  command,  two  companies  being  stationed  at  Murfreesboro,  and 
two  at  Lebanon.  The  duty  imposed,  at  this  time,  consisted  in  scouting 
in  Western  and  Middle  Tennessee,  and  &a  far  east  as  the  Cumberland 
Mountains. 

On  the  1st  of  May,  Captain  Newlin,  with  Company  F,  while  scouting  on 
the  Tennessee  and  Alabama  Pike,  was  met  by  a  party  of  the  enemy, 
under  the  rebel  chieftain  Morgan,  near  Pulaski,  and  was  driven  back  in 
the  direction  of  Columbia,  with  a  loss  of  two  taken  prisoners.  Halting 
at  Pulaski  for  a  day,  Morgan  moved  in  the  direction  of  Murfreesboro, 
and  was  met  by  the  Third  Battalion  and  driven  in  the  direction  of 
Lebanon.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  4th,  the  Third  was  reinforced  by  the 
Second  Battalion,  and  some  Kentucky  troops,  and  continued  the  pur- 
suit to  Lebanon.  At  daybreak  of  the  5th,  it  having  been  ascertained  that 
Morgan  was  comfortably  housed  in  the  town,  General  Dumont,  who  was 
in  command,  determined  to  attack.  Moving  forward  with  as  little  noise 
as  possible,  the  Second  Battalion  in  advance,  the  pickets  were  met  about 
a  mile  from  town,  and  the  charge  sounded.  Morgan  was  taken  entirely 
by  surprise,  but,  throwing  his  men  into  the  Court  House,  Academy  and 
buildings  surrounding  the  square,  which  commanded  the  principal 
streets,  offered  obstinate  resistance.  The  contest  lasted  nearly  two 
hours,  during  which  repeated  charges  were  made  with  the  sabre.  Morgan 
was  finally  compelled  to  yield,  and,  drawing  off  the  remnant  of  his  com- 
mand remaining,  retreated  rapidly  towards  Carthage,  hotly  pursued  by 
the  Seventh.  One  hundred  and  seventy  prisoners  were  taken.  The  loss 
in  the  Seventh  was  three  killed,  thirteen  wounded,  and  three  taken 
prisoners.  Major  Given  was  among  the  prisoners,  and  Adjutant  R.  F. 
Moson  among  the  wounded. 

On  the  1st  of  June,  the  First  Battalion,  under  Major  Wynkoop,  moved 
with  Negley's  column  for  Chattanooga.  At  Sweden's  Cove  a  skirmish 
ensued,  in  which  the  rebel  cavalry  was  routed.  After  demonstrating  In 
front  of  Chattanooga,  with  the  design  of  drawing  rebel  troops  from 
Cumberland  Gap,  the  command  returned  to  Shelbyville.  On  the  6th,  the 


o 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  317 

Third  Battalion  was  sent  out  from  Murfreesboro,  encountered  the  enemy 
under  Forrest,  near  McMinnville,  and  drove  him  into  the  Cumberland 
Mountains.  About  two  weeks  later,  this  battalion,  with  two  companies 
of  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  were  met  by  Forrest  at  Readyville,  and 
were  driven  back  in  the  direction  of  Murfreesboro,  with  a  loss  of  six  taken 
prisoners.  Taking  advantage  of  the  information  gained  from  some 
Union  scouts  whom  he  had  captured,  Forrest  made  a  sudden  dash  upon 
Murfreesboro,  on  the  13th  of  July,  surprised  the  garrison,  consisting  of 
Companies  B,  G,  L  and  M,  under  Major  Seibert,  the  Ninth  Michigan 
Infantry,  Second  Minnesota  Infantry,  and  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Battery, 
all  under  command  of  General  Crittenden,  and,  after  a  hard  contest,  last- 
ing nearly  eight  hours,  compelled  its  surrender.  A  court  of  inquiry,  ap- 
pointed by  an  order  from  headquarters  of  the  Department  of  the  Cum- 
berland, reported,  after  a  careful  examination,  "that  the  Seventh  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry  was  immediately  overpowered.  Officers  and  men  who 
were  able  to  reach  the  infantry  joined  and  fought  in  the  ranks." 

The  cavalry  was  now  kept  actively  employed  in  defending  the  flanks 
of  the  army  against  the  irregular  bands  of  the  enemy's  horse  that  were 
prowling  on  every  hand.  On  the  1st  of  July,  the  First  Battalion,  under 
command  of  Major  Wynkoop,  moving  with  General  Smith's  Brigade,  oc- 
cupied Manchester.  On  the  following  day,  Captain  C.  C.  DavJs,  of  Com- 
pany I,  with  nine  men,  was  captured  while  on  the  picket  line.  Early  in 
July,  the  Second  and  Third  Battalions,  under  Lieutenant  Colonel  Sipes, 
led  the  advance  of  General  Dumont's  expedition,  across  the  Cumberland 
Mountains,  to  Pikeville,  where  the  enemy  was  met  and  routed.  Shortly 
afterwards,  the  same  battalions  formed  part  of  General  Nelson's  com- 
mand in  his  advance  from  McMinnville  to  Sparta.  At  Calf  Killer  River, 
Forrest  was  overtaken  and  a  sharp  engagement  ensued,  in  which  the 
battalion  lost  three  men  taken  prisoners. 

The  enemy's  cavalry  having  become  very  troublesome,  General  Richard 
Johnson  was  ordered  to  move,  with  a  provisional  brigade,  consisting 
of  the  Second  Battalion  of  the  Seventh,  the  Fourth  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
and  two  companies  of  the  Third  Indiana  Cavalry,  in  pursuit.  Following 
him  up  for  about  ten  days,  he  was  overtaken  at  Gallatin,  on  the  morning 
of  the  21st  of  August.  The  forces  of  Morgan  and  Forrest  were  united, 
and  greatly  outnumbered  the  Union  command.  A  member  of  the  Seventh 
thus  describes  the  battle  which  ensued:  "General  Johnson,  steadily  re- 
pressing the  desire  of  his  subordinate  officers  to  charge  vigorously, 
formed  his  men  instead,  in  line,  under  fire,  after  the  manner  of  infantry; 
in  a  few  -minutes  ordered  a  retrograde  movement  over  an  open  field; 
dismounted  the  men,  and  ordered  an  advance  on  foot,  each  man  leading 
his  horse;  mounted  them  again  to  fall  back;  divided  the  command  and 
sent  each  company  to  a  detached  and  isolated  position,  all  under  fire 
of  the  entire  rebel  force,  and  held  them  thus  until  nearly  surrounded, 
when  he  drew  all  together  and  ordered  a  retreat.  At  this  stage  of  the 
battle  I  was  shot  and  left  on  the  field,  but,  from  reliable  sources,  I  learn 
that  after  retreating  about  two  miles,  the  command  was  halted,  dis- 


313  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

mounted,  formed  in  line  and  held  the  enemy  in  check  until  the  flanks 
were  turned,  when  another  retreat  was  ordered,  in  which  Lieutenant 
Nicholas  A.  Wynkoop,  son  of  the  Colonel,  Battalion  Adjutant,  and,  at 
the  time,  acting  Aid-de-Camp  to  General  Johnson,  was  killed.  Arrived 
near  the  Cumberland  River,  another  line  was  formed,  dismounted,  and 
the  flanks  being  entirely  unguarded,  Morgan  was  enabled  to  throw  forces 
to  the  rear  to  cut  off  retreat,  and  pressed  heavily  on  all  sides,  when 
General  Johnson  surrendered.  When  it  became  manifest  that  the  Gen- 
eral purposed  to  yield  to  the  enemy,  Colonel  Wynkoop  gathered  to- 
gether such  of  his  command  as  he  could  mount,  and,  with  the  Colonel 
of  the  Third  Indiana,  assuming  a  bold  front,  succeeding  in  cutting  his 
way  out,  and  reached  Nashville.  The  loss  in  the  brigade  was  about 
forty  killed,  and  three  hundred  wounded  and  captured.  The  weather 
being  very  warm,  many  of  the  wounded  died  in  rebel  hands,  though,  so 
far  as  my  experience  and  observation  extended,  every  possible  care  and 
attention  to  our  wounded  was  given  by  the  rebel  surgeons,  and  citizens 
of  the  place." 

When  Buell,  in  September,  made  his  retrograde  movement  through 
Kentucky,  and  subsequently  his  advance,  the  First  Battalion,  under 
Major  Wynkoop,  accompanied  him,  participating  in  the  battle  of  Perry- 
ville,  losing  four  men  wounded,  and  three  taken  prisoners.  The  Second 
and  Third  Battalions  remained  with  the  garrison  at  Nashville,  and  was 
attached  to  General  Negley's  command.  They  were  employed  in  scout- 
ing and  foraging,  and  in  assisting  to  defend  the  city. 

Early  in  November,  1862,  General  Rosecrans,  who  had  superseded  Gen- 
eral Buell  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  made  a  com- 
plete re-organization.  Up  to  this  time  the  cavalry  had  not  been  formed 
in,  brigades  and  divisions,  but  had  been  scattered  over  Tennessee,  Ken- 
tucky, and  a  portion  of  Alabama,  doing  very  hard  duty  but  accomplishing 
very  little.  General  D.  S.  Stanley  was  now  assigned  to  the  command  of 
the  cavalry,  and  made  a  thorough  organization  of  it  for  efficient  service, 
the  Seventh  being  assigned  to  the  First  Brigade*  of  the  Second  Division. 
Little  of  importance  transpired  to  break  the  monotony  of  the  picket  and 
outpost  duty,  except  that  foraging  was  always  accompanied  by  fighting, 
until  the  26th  of  December,  when  the  army  advanced  on  the  enemy  at 
Murfreesboro.  The  First  Brigade  led  the  centre  on  the  Nashville  and 
Murfreesboro  Pike,  the  regiments  alternating  daily,  which  brought  the 
Seventh  at  the  head  of  the  column  on  the  27th.  The  entire  march  from 
Nashville  to  Stone  River  was  a  continuous  battle,  between  the  cavalry 
of  the  two  armies.  Upon  the  arrival  of  the  division  at  Stone  River,  on 
the  29th,  the  resistance  was  found  too  strong  for  the  cavalry  to  move,  and 
it  was  withdrawn  to  the  right  flank  and  rear.  On  the  30th,  a  battalion 
of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania,  and  one  of  the  Third  Kentucky,  formed  a 

•Organization  of  the  First  Brigade,  Colonel  R.  H.  G.  Mlnty,  Second  Division;  Fourth 
Regiment  United  States  Cavalry,  Captain  M'Intyre;  Fourth  Regiment  Michigan  Cavalry, 
Colonel  Mtnty:  Third  Regiment  Indiana  Cavalry,  Colonel  Kline;  Seventh  Regiment 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  Colonel  Gecrge  C.  Wynkoop. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  319 

chain  of  videttes  in  rear  of  the  line'  of  battle,  with  orders  to  drive  up  all 
stragglers.  On  the  same  day,  Wheeler  captured  the  train  of  the  Twenty- 
eighth  Brigade,  on  the  Jefferson  Pike,  between  Stewart's  Creek  and 
Lavergne.  Taking  a  battalion  of  the  Seventh  and  the  Fourth  Michigan, 
Colonel  Minty  moved  to  its  relief.  "I  met  the  enemy,"  says  Colonel 
Minty  in  his  report,  "who  were  chiefly  dressed  in  our  uniforms.  The  Sev- 
enth Pennsylvania  drove  them  until  after  dark."  On  the  31st  the  brigade, 
now  reduced  to  about  nine  hundred  and  fifty  men,  took  position,  after 
crossing  Overall's  Creek,  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  Mur- 
freesboro  and  Nashville  Pike,  Captain  Jenning's  Battalion  being  posted 
in  the  woods  near  the  right  of  the  Fourth  Michigan.  "The  enemy,"  says 
Colonel  Minty,  "advanced  rapidly  with  two  thousand  five  hundred  cav- 
alry, mounted  and  dismounted,  and  three  pieces  of  artillery,  all  under 
command  of  Generals  Wheeler,  Wharton  and  Buford.  They  drove  back 
the  Fourth  Michigan  to  the  line  of  the  First  Tennessee  skirmishers,  and 
then  attacked  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  with  great  fury,  but  met  with  a 
determined  resistance.  I  went  forward  to  the  line  of  dismounted  skir- 
mishers, and  endeavored  to  move  it  to  the  right  to  strengthen  the  Sev- 
enth Pennsylvania,  but  the  moment  the  right  of  the  line  showed  itself 
from  behind  the  fence  where  it  was  posted,  the  whole  of  the  enemy's  fire 
was  directed  on  it,  turning  it  completely  around.  At  this  moment  the 
Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  gave  way  and  retreated  rapidly,  leaving  the  bat" 
talion  of  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania,  and  the  dismounted  men,  entirely  un- 
supported, and  leaving  them  no  alternative  but  to  retreat."  When,  on 
this  day,  the  right  wing  of  the  army  was  driven  back  in  confusion,  many 
of  the  men  of  the  battalion,  on  the  line  of  the  videttes,  were  captured 
by  the  enemy  while  endeavoring  to  drive  forward  the  straggling  in- 
fantry. After  the  battle  was  over,  and  the  enemy  was  making  the  best 
of  his  way  from  the  field,  the  cavalry  was  sent  in  pursuit.  "About  six 
miles  out,"  says  Colonel  Minty,  "we  met  the  enemy  in  force;  a  sharp  skir- 
mish ensued.  The  Fourth  Cavalry,  First  Tennessee  Infantry,  and  the 
Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  having  to  bear  the  brunt  of  the  fight  on 
our  side;  the  enemy  was  driven  from  the  field  with  heavy  loss,  and  we 
returned  to  within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  Murfreesboro  and  went  into 
camp."  The  loss  of  the  regiment,  in  this  entire  battle,  was  two  killed, 
nine  wounded,  and  fifty  missing. 

On  the  31st  of  January,  the  First  Brigade  was  ordered  to  proceed  to 
Rover  and  break  up  a  rebel  outpost.  Arriving  near  the  place,  his  pickets 
were  encountered  and  driven  in  by  the  Fourth  Michigan,  when  the  Sev- 
enth Pennsylvania  was  ordered  to  draw  sabre  and  charge,  which  was 
executed  with  a  cheer,  breaking  the  rebel  line  and  utterly  routing  his 
entire  command.  The  pursuit  was  maintained  for  ten  miles,  causing  a 
loss  of  half  his  force.  After  scouting  inside  the  rebel  lines  for  two 
weeks,  inflicting  considerable  damage  upon  the  enemy,  the  brigade  re- 
turned to  camp  at  Murfreesboro.  Shortly  afterward,  learning  that  the 
enemy  had  re-occupied  Rover  in  force,  and  had  strengthened  it  by  an 
intrenched  infantry  and  artillery  camp  at  Unionville,  a  town  five  miles 


320  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

from  Rover,  and  sixteen  from  Shelbyville,  where  a  large  part  of  the 
rebel  army  was  in  camp,  General  Sheridan  was  ordered  to  move  with  his 
division  to  Eagleville,  three  miles  west  of  Rover,  for  a  diversion  in  favor 
of  the  cavalry.  When,  therefore,  at  sunrise  on  the  4th,  the  First  Brigade 
attacked  the  enemy  at  Rover,  the  surprise  was  complete.  After  a  sharp 
skirmish  the  pickets  were  driven  in,  and  the  Seventh  was  ordered  to 
charge  with  the  sabre.  It  was  made  in  column,  half  platoon  front,  and 
received  the  concentrated  fire  of  over  two  thousand  rifles;  but  without 
faltering,  being  supported  by  the  Fourth  United  States  on  the  right, 
and  the  Fourth  Michigan  on  the  left  as  carbineers,  it  dashed  forward, 
broke  the  centre  of  the  rebel  line,  and  drove  it  in  confusion  towards 
Unionville.  Not  satisfied  with  his  success,  Colonel  Minty  threw  the 
flanking  regiments  into  columns,  on  roads  parallel  with  the  pike  on  which 
the  Seventh  was  moving,  and,  sounding  the  charge  along  the  whole  line, 
burst  upon  the  astonished  rebels  at  Unionville,  entering  their  camp  on 
the  heels  of  the  flying  fugitives  from  Rover.  But  little  resistance  was 
offered,  only  one  regiment  of  infantry  attempting  to  form  line,  the  artil- 
lery having  been  moved  the  day  before  to  resist  the  threatened  advance 
of  Sheridan.  The  Seventh  charged  through  the  camp,  and  then  gave 
chase  to  the  rebel  cavalry  retreating  towards  Shelbyville.  The  loss  of 
the  Seventh  was  two  killed  and  seven  wounded. 

From  Unionville  the  command  marched,  the  same  day,  to  Eagleville, 
where  it  Joined  Sheridan,  and  with  him  proceeded  to  Franklin,  then  to  Co- 
lumbia, skirmishing  with  Van  Dorn  and  Forrest  at  Spring  Hill,  and 
Rutherford  Creek,  and  returned  to  Murfreesboro  via  Franklin,  reaching 
camp  on  the  15th  of  March.  The  command  was  engaged  with  Morgan 
at  Snow  Hill,  near  Liberty,  on  the  3d  of  April,  with  a  loss  of  one  killed 
and  one  wounded;  fought  Duke's  Brigade  on  the  20th;  assisted  in  the 
capture  of  McMinnville,  May  6;  repelled  a  rebel  demonstration  on  Mur- 
freesboro on  the  14th;  and  fought  Morgan  at  Alexandria  on  the  3d  of  June, 
in  all  of  which  the  Union  forces  were  victorious  except  the  last.  A  little 
later  Colonel  Wynkoop  was  honorably  discharged,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Sipes  was  commissioned  to  succeed  him. 

On  the  24th,  General  Rosecrans  commenced  his  advance  on  Tullahoma 
and  Shelbyville.  The  cavalry,  under  General  Stanley,  moved  on  the 
right  flank  of  the  army.  On  the  morning  of  the  27th,  Colonel  Minty  was 
ordered  to  charge  and  carry  Guy's  Gap,  on  the  Murfreesboro  Pike.  With 
the  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry  leading  the  advance,  and  the  First  Division 
supporting  the  flanks,  he  moved  rapidly  on  through  the  gap,  driving  the 
rebels  towards  Shelbyville,  and  making  captures  on  every  hand.  Ar- 
rived within  five  miles  of  the  town,  the  enemy  opened  with  artillery  from 
his  intrenchments.  Colonel  Minty  promptly  deployed  the  Fourth  Mi- 
chigan, and  Fourth  United  States,  as  skirmishers,  mounted,  and  held 
the  Seventh  in  column.  The  advance  was  sounded,  when,  from  some 
cause,  the  men  commenced  cheering,  the  skirmish  line  charged,  and 
Colonel  Minty,  taking  advantage  of  the  favorable  moment,  ordered  the 
Seventh  to  charge  also.  Dashing  forward  with  wild  shouts,  the  intrench- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  321 

ments  were  stormed  and  taken,  with  many  prisoners,  and,  nerved  by  their 
success,  pushed  on  after  the  flying  foe.  A  mile  from  town  a  rebel  regi- 
ment was  hemmed  in,  in  an  open  field,  and  captured,  offering  little  re- 
sistance. As  the  troops  advanced  towards  the  town,  they  f^ere  sud- 
dently  checked  by  the  rapid  fire  from  a  battery  of  six  pieces,  posted  in 
the  public  square.  Colonel  Minty  at  once  brought  up  two  pieces  of  ar- 
tillery, and,  directing  the  Fourth  United  States  and  the  Fourth  Michigan 
to  take  a  parallel  street  to  the  right,  Colonel  Jordan,  with  the  Ninth  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry,  of  the  First  Division,  the  first  street  to  the  left,  and 
three  companies  of  the  Seventh,  under  Captain  Davis,  to  take  the  centre, 
the  signal  to  charge  was  given.  The  Seventh  was  obliged  to  move  in  the 
face  of  the  rebel  guns,  which  were  trained  full  upon  it,  and  were  served 
with  great  rapidity,  at  first  dealing  shot  and  shell,  and  then  double 
shotted  canister.  But,  unmindful  of  the  storm,  Davis  dashed  up  the 
narrow  street,  filling  it  from  curb  to  curb,  the  shouts  of  the  men  ringing 
above  the  noise  of  battle.  As  they  came  near,  they  were  saluted  by  a 
shower  of  bullets  from  the  rifles  and  pistols  of  the  enemy.  A  short  run 
brought  the  column  hand  to  hand  with  the  hostile  force,  and  a  brief 
struggle  ensued  over  the  guns;  but  the  slash  of  the  sabre,  and  the 
rapid  rounds  from  pistols  and  carbines  proved  too  much  for  rebel  valor. 
He  was  driven  in  confusion,  and  the  powerful  battery  was  captured, 
as  few  have  been,  by  a  direct  charge  of  cavalry.  After  the  loss  of  his 
artillery,  a  panic  seemed  to  seize  the  enemy,  and  he  fled  in  consternation 
to  the  bank  of  Duck  River,  a  mile  away,  where  he  attempted  to  form  a 
line  to  cover  the  passage  of  his  trains.  But  it  was  a  vain  attempt.  Charge 
after  charge  was  delivered  with  an  impetuosity  inspired  of  success,  and, 
finally,  a  wagon  having  been  overturned  upon  the  bridge,  in  wild  affright 
the  rebels  broke,  and  threw  themselves  by  hundreds  into  the  river,  where 
large  numbers  were  drowned.  Shelbyville,  with  all  its  military  stores, 
fell  into  Union  hands,  and  a  powerful  impetus  was  given  to  the  retreat 
of  the  entire  rebel  army.  Wheeler's  boasted  cavalry  was  broken,  and 
never  afterwards  recovered  from  the  blow.  Lieutenants  Amos  B. 
Rhoades,  and  Francis  W.  Reed  were  among  the  killed  in  this  engage- 
ment. 

On  the  Third  of  July,  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  a  skirmish  at  Elk 
River,  on  the  17th  of  August,  at  Sparta,  and,  early  in  September,  moved 
with  the  army  on  the  Chickamauga  campaign.  The  inarch  was  weari- 
some to  man  and  beast,  obliged  to  move  with  rapidity,  and  to  cross 
rugged  mountains.  From  the  18th  to  the  22d,  in  the  preliminary  opera- 
tions, and  during  the  progress  of  the  battle,  the  regiment  was  in  con- 
stant motion,  and  performed  important  service.  On  the  1st  of  August,  it 
marched  with  the  cavalry  in  pursuit  of  Wheeler,  passing  through  East 
and  Middle  Tennessee,  into,  Alabama.  This  march  lasted  eighteen  con- 
secutive days  and  nights,  with  little  rest,  and  frequent  running  fights. 

Early  in  the  year  1864,  while  stationed  at  Huntsville,  Alabama,  a  large 
part  of  the  regiment  re-enlisted  and  was  given  a  veteran  furlough.  Upon 
returning,  the  numbers  having  been  swelled  by  recruits  to  about  eighteen 
21 


322  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

hundred,  rank  and  file,  it  was  stationed  at  Columbia,  where  it  was 
ordered  to  drill  and  make  preparation  for  the  opening  of  the  spring  cam- 
paign. While  upon  furlough,  Colonel  Sipes  drew  Spencer  carbines,  im- 
proved sabres  and  horse  equipments  for  the  entire  regiment,  and,  when 
freshly  mounted,  as  it  was  at  Nashville,  it  was  well  prepared  for  active 
service. 

On  the  30th  of  April,  the  regiment,  under  command  of  Colonel  Sipes, 
broke  camp,  and,  joining  Garrard's  Division,  set  forward  with  Sherman 
towards  Atlanta.  On  the  15th  of  May  it  was  engaged  at  Rome,  and  on 
the  27th,  at  Dallas  and  Villa  Rica  Road,  at  the  latter  place,  having  a 
sharp  skirmish,  losing  three  killed,  six  wounded,  and  one  taken  prisoner; 
at  Big  Shanty  on  June  9,  with  one  killed,  two  wounded  and  two  prisoners; 
at  McAfee  Cross  Roads,  on  the  llth,  with  two  killed,  and  four  prisoners; 
at  Monday  Creek,  on  the  20th,  with  one  killed,  ten  wounded,  and  six 
prisoners;  at  Kenesaw  Mountain  on  the  27th;  in  a  raid  on  the  Augusta 
and  Atlanta  Railroad  on  the  18th  of  July;  in  a  raid  on  Covington,  and 
the  destruction  of  the  railroad,  on  the  21st;  at  Flat  Rock,  on  the  28th, 
with  a  loss  of  two  wounded;  and  on  the  1st  of  August  entered  the 
trenches  in  front  of  Atlanta.  On  the  17th,  it  moved  with  Kilpatrick  on 
his  raid;  on  the  19th  had  a  skirmish  at  Fairburn  and  Jonesboro;  and, 
on  the  20th,  a  sharp  engagement  at  Lovejoy  Station,  in  which  Captain 
James  G.  Taylor  and  Lieutenant  Chauncey  C.  Hemans  were  among  the 
killed.  The  loss  in  this  raid  was  five  killed,  twenty-four  wounded,  and 
fifteen  missing.  On  the  12th  of  October  it  was  engaged  in  the  battle  at 
Rome,  and,  on  the  following  day,  made  a  charge  with  the  sabre  on  in- 
fantry, routing  them  and  capturing  two  pieces  of  artillery,  losing  one 
killed  and  four  wounded.  Two  weeks  later  it  was  engaged  at  Lead's 
Cross  Roads,  which  closed  the  campaign. 

The  regiment  having  suffered  severely  in  men,  horses,  and  equip- 
ments, during  a  campaign  rarely  equalled  for  severity,  was  no  longer  fit 
for  the  field,  and  was  ordered  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  to  be  remounted, 
equipped,  and  prepared  again  for  active  duty.  While  here,  many  of  the 
officers,  whose  three  years'  term  of  service  had  expired,  were  mustered 
out.  Promotions  were,  accordingly,  made,  and,  as  re-organized,  the 
field  officers  were,  Charles  C.  McCormick,  Colonel;  James  F.  Andress, 
Lieutenant  Colonel;  Benjamin  S.  Dartt,  Charles  L.  Greeno,  and  Uriah 
C.  Hartranft,  Majors. 

After  the  battle  of  Nashville,  in  which  General  Thomas  defeated  and 
put  to  rout  the  rebel  army  under  Hood,  the  regiment  was  stationed  at 
Gravelly  Springs,  Alabama,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  where  it  was  en- 
gaged in  drilling  and  completing  its  organization  and  equipment  for 
the  spring  campaign  of  1865. 

On  the  22d  of  March,  it  joined  the-  command  of  General  James  H. 
Wilson,  and  with  it  set  out  on  the  expedition  from  Eastport,  Mississippi, 
across  the  Gulf  States.  On  the  1st  of  April,  it  was  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  Plantersville,  Alabama,  and  on  the  following  day,  arrived  in  front  of 
Selma.  The  position  of  the  regiment  in  the  line  of  march  for  that  day, 


PENNSYLVANIA  S 
9TH"LOCHIEL"VETERAN  CAVALRY 

1ST    BRIGADE     1st    CAVALRY    DIVISION 
ARMY  OF  THE    CUMBERLAND 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  323 

was  the  third,  in  the  advance  brigade  of  General  Long's  Division;  but, 
upon  arriving  near  the  city,  it  was  ordered  to  the  front  to  lead  the  as- 
sault upon  the  works.  "I  directed  General  Long,"  says  General  Wilson 
in  his  report,  "to  assault  the  enemy's  works  by  moving  diagonally  across 
the  road  upon  which  his  troops  were  posted.  *  *  *  Fearing  that  this 
affair  (the  coming  up  of  the  enemy  in  his  rear),  might  compromise  our 
assault  upon  the  main  position,  General  Long,  with  admirable  judg- 
ment, determined  to  make  the  assault  at  once,  and,  without  waiting  the 
signal,  gave  the  order  to  advance.  The  troops  dismounted,  sprang  for- 
ward with  confident  alacrity,  and  in  less  than  fifteen  minutes,  without 
even  stopping,  wavering,  or  faltering,  had  swept  over  the  works  and 
driven  the  rebels  in  confusion  towards  the  city.  *  *  *  The  distance 
which  the  troops  charged,  exposed  to  the  enemy's  fire  of  musketry  and 
artillery,  was  six  hundred  yards.  Particular  attention  is  invited  to  that 
part  of  General  Long's  report  which  describes  the  assault.  He  states 
that  the  number  actually  engaged  in  the  charge,  was  one  thousand  five 
hundred  and  fifty,  officers  and  men.  The  portion  of  the  line  assaulted 
was  manned  by  Armstrong's  Brigade,  regarded  as  the  best  in  Forrest's 
Corps,  and  reported  by  him  at  more  than  fifteen  hundred  men.  The  loss 
from  Long's  Division  was  forty  killed,  two  hundred  and  sixty  wounded, 
and  seven  missing.  General  Long  was  wounded  in  the  head,  Colonels 
Miller  and  McCormick  in  the  leg,  and  Colonel  Briggs  in  the  breast.  I 
doubt  if  the  history  of  this,  or  any  other  war,  will  show  another  instance 
in  which  a  line  of  works  so  strongly  constructed,  and  as  well  defended 
as  this,  by  musketry  and  artillery,  has  been  stormed  and  carried  by  a 
single  line  of  men  without  support."  The  regiment  was  fearfully  ex- 
posed, and  lost  heavily  in  killed  and  wounded.  Lieutenant  Jacob  Sig- 
mond  was  among  the  killed.  Colonel  McCormick  fell  severely  wounded 
at  the  foot  of  the  works,  as  the  regiment,  in  advance  of  all  others,  was 
about  entering-  the  fortifications.  The  command  now  devolved  on  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Andress,  and  under  him  the  regiment  participated  in  the 
engagement  near  Columbus,  on  the  16th  of  April.  On  the  20th  it  arrived 
at  Macon,  Georgia,  where,  the  war  having  substantially  closed,  it  re- 
mained until  the  13th  of  August,  when  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

9TH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY 

NEAR  WIDOW  GLENN'S  HOUSE,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  ISTH,  1897. 
ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  H.  B.  WALTMAN. 

COMRADES: — Having  been  selected  as  your  master  of  ceremonies  on 
this,  the  occasion  of  the  dedication  of  the  monument  erected  by  the 
generosity  of  our  great  State  upon  this  historic  field,  to  mark  the 
position  of  the  Ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Cavalry,  and  to 


324  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

commemorate  the  heroic  deeds  of  our  gallant  command,  it  becomes  nec- 
essary for  me  to  attempt  to  make  a  speech. 

Most  of  my  old  comrades  know  that  I  am  not  a  public  speaker,  but  no 
matter  how  deficient  I  may  be  in  this  respect  it  strikes  me  that  upon 
such  an  auspicious  occasion  as  this,  when  we,  the  survivors  of  the  gallant 
Ninth  Cavalry,  here  assembled  upon  this  historic  field  of  Chickamauga, 
the  theatre  of  bloody  strife  over  thirty  years  ago  in  which  we  all  were 
participants,  the  recollections  of  which  are  now  at  this  remote  period 
since  the  war  still  so  fresh  in  our  memories,  that  even  the  most  common- 
place speaker  would  not  refuse  to  make  the  attempt. 

While  the  great  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  sent  into  the  field,  in 
defense  of  the  Union,  hundreds  of  thousands  of  her  brave  sons,  com- 
posing regiments,  that  achieved  distinction  upon  many  battlefields  in  the 
war  of  the  rebellion,  nevertheless  it  is  a  fact  that  has  never  been  disputed, 
that  our  own,  the  gallant  Ninth,  ranks  second  to  none  in  point  of  service, 
or  the  bravery  of  men  and  officers. 

How  well  we  remember  the  brave,  dashing  and  intrepid  Kilpatrick,  who 
so  often  led  us  to  victory.  He  placed  a  high  estimate  upon  the  value  of 
our  services,  as  was  often  testified  by  him  when  he  selected  the  old  Ninth 
for  a  leading  part  in  every  hazardous  enterprise  to  be  undertaken  or 
when  any  important  movement  was  to  be  made  requiring  the  presence 
of  brave  men  and  rough  riders. 

The  compliments  he  lavished  upon  our  brave  boys  are  familiar  to  all 
of  us  and  form  a.  part  of  the  history  of  the  regiment.  It  is  a  great  pleas- 
ure and  satisfaction  for  me  to  be  here  with  you,  my  old  comrades,  to-day 
and  to  participate  in  the  dedicatory  ceremonies,  as  also  to  meet  with  you 
once  more  as  we  did  in  camp  and  field,  recognizing  that  we  cannot  do 
so  many  years  longer. 

Therefore,  I  am  rejoiced  to  be  here  and  proud  to  say  I  was  a  member 
of  the  Ninth  Cavalry,  and  we  can  leave  no  richer  heritage  to  our  children 
than  the  record  made  by  our  regiment,  and  the  fact  that  each  and  every 
one  of  us  contributed  to  that  imperishable  record. 

When  we  went  out  in  defense  of  the  dear  old  flag,  we  were,  many  of 
us,  mere  boys;  to-day  we  appear  together  as  old  gray  haired  men,  with 
the  weight  of  many  years  heavy  upon  us.  Our  ranks  since  the  war 
have  been  thinned  by  death,  and  we  all  must  sooner  or  later  answer 
the  last  roll  call.  No  more  will  we  respond  to  the  old  familiar  call  of 
•'boots  and  saddles,"  but  ere  long  "taps"  will  be  sounded  for  us,  and 
let  all  be  ready  to  obey  the  last  summons. 

Thanking  you,  dear  comrades,  for  the  honor  conferred  in  selecting  me 
as  your  presiding  officer  on  this  great  occasion,  we  will  now  proceed  with 
the  business  on  hand. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


PRAYER  BY  LIEUTENANT  ISAAC  D.  LANDIS,  ADJUTANT. 

A  LMIGHTY  GOD  and  Father  of  all,  who  rulest  over  nations  and  in- 
i-1  dividuals,  who  governeth  and  controlleth  the  actions  of  the  spheres 
•*•  •*-  and  elements,  as  well  as  overruleth  the  actions  of  the  hearts  of  men, 
who  putteth  down  one  and  upholdeth  the  other,  we  come  into  Thy  pres- 
ence with  grateful  hearts  this  day. 

After  many  years  we  have  been  spared  to  return  to  this  place  in  peace, 
the  scenes  of  carnage  and  internecine  strife  and  its  cause  have  given  way 
to  peace,  prosperity  and  fraternity;  our  national  unity  preserved,  and  the 
national  sin  of  slavery  expiated  for,  in  blood  and  suffering.  We  thank 
Thee  for  a  united  country,  and  pray  that  this  nation,  founded  on  the  prin- 
ciples of  religious  liberty,  and  acknowledging  Thee  as  Supreme  Ruler 
of  all,  may  never  again  be  disturbed  by  the  desolation  of  war,  but  may 
ever  stand  a  God-fearing  and  God-honoring  republic. 

We  have  come  together  this  day  to  honor  those  of  our  regiment  who 
have  given  their  lives,  and  blood  and  service  to  their  country  on  this  field, 
by  the  erection  and  dedication  of  this  beautiful  monument  to  their  mem- 
ory, and  pray  this  service  of  love  and  consecration  may  be  acceptable 
to  Thee. 

Our  hearts  are  made  sad  in  the  memory  of  those  who  gave  up  their 
lives,  and  the  many  sad  homes  and  heart-aches  of  loved  ones  bereft,  and 
pray  the  consolations  of  Thy  grace  may  have  healed  all  wounds. 

And  now,  our  Father,  may  we  all  be  impressed  with  the  exercises  of  this 
day.  We  who  survive  must  soon  follow  those  of  our  comrades  who  have 
been  called  from  this  stage  of  action,  and  appear  before  Thee  in  judg- 
ment. 

We  pray  that  we  may  all  be  enlisted  under  the  banner  of  Jesus  Christ 
as  the  Captain  of  our  salvation,  fight  the  good  fight  of  faith,  and  come 
up  before  Thee  to  hear  the  welcome  plaudit,  "Come  ye  blessed  of  my 
Father,  enter  into  the  joys  of  thy  reward,"  and  we  will  accord  to  Thee 
all  praise  through  eternity.  Amen. 


ADDRESS  OF  MAJOR  SIMON  B.  CAMERON." 

EMBERS  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  "Lochiel"  Cavalry,  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen: — It  is  but  proper  that  in  my  opening  remarks  to 
you,  survivors  of  the  gallant  old  Lochiel  Cavalry,  and  your  friends 
who  have  come  here  with  you  to  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  to  assist 
in  dedicating  this  monument,  that  I  go  back  to  that  memorable  Septem- 
ber and  October  in  1861,  when  you  were  in  rendezvous  at  "Camp  Cam- 


M 


326  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

eron."  Many  of  you  remember  the  little  fellow  about  six  or  seven  years 
of  age  who  almost  daily  rode  into  your  camp  on  a  Shetland  pony  and 
mingled  with  you.  No  doubt  but  the  recollections  of  your  own  little  bairns 
at  home  made  you  treat  that  little  fellow  with  the  kindness  you  did.  And 
that  laddie  is  here  to-day  in  the  full  vigor  of  manhood  to  assist  you— 
you  faithful  old  soldiers  of  this  Grand  Republic— to  dedicate  this  mag- 
nificent monument,  not  only  out  of  respect  to  you  who  are  present,  but  to 
reverence  the  memory  of  those  absent. 

When  we  first  met  you  knew  not  what  war  was;  to-day  we  are  on  the 
other  side  of  that  terrible  struggle  to  uphold  the  unity  of  this  country, 
and  you,  who  passed  through  it,  can  truthfully  say,  as  did  that  hero  of 
many  a  hard  fought  battle  when  asked,  "What  is  war?"  answered,  "War 
is  hell." 

But  let  us  go  back  to  "Camp  Cameron"  and  follow  you  from  there  on 
down  to  the  never  to  be  forgotten  bloody  field  of  Chickamauga.  We  read 
of  no  famous  charge  like  the  charge  of  the  Light  Brigade  at  Balaklava, 
nor  do  we  read  of  any  cowardly  retreats,  but  what  you  did  do  reminds  me 
of  the  remarks  of  General  Webb  at  the  "high  water  mark"  monument 
dedicated  some  years  ago  at  Gettysburg  when  he  was  called  upon  to  tell 
what  his  men  did  at  the  Bloody  Angle.  He  said,  "We  didn't  do  much.  We 
were  ordered  to  occupy  a  certain  position.  We  did  so.  The  enemy  at- 
tacked us;  we  didn't  advance  because  we  couldn't;  we  didn't  retreat  be- 
cause we  wouldn't.  We  just  staid  there."  And  that,  my  friends,  means 
far  more  than  any  brilliant  charge  you  have  ever  read  of.  That  does  not 
mean  a  point  gained  by  a  wild  charge  when  men's  excitement  drives  all 
thought  of  danger  away,  but  it  does  mean  calmly  and  deliberately  settling 
down  to  the  fact  that  before  the  sun  sets  many  of  this  command  will  be 
lying  on  this  field  cold  in  death — "We  just  staid  there."  True,  indeed,  as 
you  think  of  the  days  when  this  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  fought,  there 
is  not  one  among  you  but  that  can  remember  of  a  friend  and  companion 
at  his  right  or  at  his  left  but  that  did  stay  there.  Proud  then,  indeed, 
should  each  and  every  one  of  you  be  that  you  are  members  of  an  organi- 
zation that  could  stay  there. 

Comrades  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  it  was  with  sincere  re- 
gret that  your  Commander-in-Chief,  General  Gobin,  was  unable  to  be 
with  you  to-day,  but  a  previous  engagement  compels  his  presence  else- 
where. My  Commander-in-Chief,  the  Governor  of  our  dear  old  Com- 
monwealth, Governor  Hastings,  is  suffering  from  a  slight  indisposition 
or  he  would  have  been  with  us. 

Soldiers  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion  from  Pennsylvania,  you  should  feel 
proud  to-day,  for,  as  you  gaze  upon  this  monument,  you  cannot  but  real- 
ize that  Pennsylvania  has  again  shown  her  appreciation  of  what  you  did 
towards  saving  this  country  from  destruction.  The  money  for  its  pur- 
chase and  erection  was  appropriated  by  the  Legislature  of  our  State,  as 
well  as  the  money  to  furnish  transportation  to  you,  her  heroes,  giving  an 
opportunity  of  once  more  seeing  this  field  where  so  many  of  your  com- 
rades fell  never  to  rise  again. 

This  Is  hallowed  ground  on  which  we  stand,  made  so  by  the  noble 
brave  who  fought  and  died  here,  as  well  as  those  who  yet  live. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  327 

This  monument,  then,  is  not  in  memory  only  of  those  who  are  gone,  but 
of  you,  as  well,  who  stand  around  me  to-day.  You  are  as  much  heroes  as 
those  who  are  gone.  Our  Father  in  Heaven  saw  fit  to  spare  you,  perhaps 
to  make  use  of  you  again. 

When  I  meditate  my  feelings  almost  overpower  me.  Thirty-four  years 
ago  you  were  twelve  hundred  strong.  To-day  but  one  hundred  and  sev- 
enty-five answered  to  the  roll  call.  Thirty-four  years  ago  he  whom  you 
honored  by  naming  your  regiment  after  his  home  was  leaving  nothing 
undone  to  make  you  of  the  "Lochiel  Cavalry"  as  comfortable  as  it  were 
possible  and  not  only  you  but  every  man  who  from  our  Keystone  State 
took  up  arms  to  defend  this  land.  Now  he  is  gone!  A  father  and  an 
uncle  rest  in  soldiers'  graves  to-day.  Is  it  any  wonder  I  shed  tears 
with  you?  But  I  thank  God  that  they,  like  you  and  your  com- 
rades, were  men  brave  enough  to  offer  their  services  for  the  Union. 
In  closing,  men  of  the  "Ninth  Pennsylvania  Lochiel  Cavalry"  and 
those  of  us  who  are  here  to  join  you  in  dedicating  this  beautiful 
monument,  let  us  turn  our  heads  heavenward  and  with  sight  almost  able 
to  penetrate  the  great  beyond,  methinks, — for  we  are  on  hallowed  ground 
— thank  Him  who  doeth  all  things  wisely  and  well,  for  permitting  us  to  be 
here  to-day  and  for  our  noble  land,  and  may  we,  when  the  last  roll  call 
comes,  be  once  more  united  with  those  brave  men  who  have  only  gone  be- 
fore. 


ADDRESS  OP  MAJOR  M.  A.  GHERST. 

MEMBERS  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  Association,  Ladies 
and  Gentlemen:— Many  agreeable  duties  have  I  met,  many  pleas- 
ures have  greeted  me  in  the  past,  and  many  happy  incidents  have 
punctuated  my  busy  and  somewhat  eventful  life,  but  I  am  sure,  that  few, 
if  any,  have  left  fonder  recollections,  than  will  this  opportunity  of  meet- 
ing and  joining  with  you  in  these  exercises.  The  invitation  to  address 
you  came  to  me  as  a  great  surprise,  and  I  scarcely  know  what  to  say,  but 
dull,  indeed,  would  be  the  mind,  unfeeling  and  callous  the  heart,  that 
would  fail  to  respond  to  the  patriotism  that  seems  to  fill  the  very  air  we 
breathe,  standing,  as  we  do,  on  the  soil  made  sacred  by  your  deeds  of 
valor  and  heroism,  and  by  the  blood  of  the  men  who  here  gave  their  lives 
that  the  Nation  might  live.  Yesterday  we  were  strangers,  you  and  I,  but 
strangers  now  no  longer.  I  feel  that  while  my  service  was  far  removed 
from  yours,  I  am  now  one  of  you.  The  comradeship  that  binds  us  one  to 
another  makes  our  hearts  responsive,  and  tears  unbidden  start  when 
memories  of  those  other  days  come  trooping  up  before  our  visions.  We 
have  met  to  dedicate  this  monument  to  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 
To  the  casual  observer  it  will  only  be  so  much  bronze  and  granite.  The 
future  visitor  to  this  battlefield  may  pause  and  read  the  inscription  that 


328  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

directs  attention  to  its  purpose.  He  may  even  admire  and  commend  its 
stately  proportions  and  graceful  symmetry.  He  may  perhaps  wonder  and 
marvel  at  the  munificence  of  a  grateful  State, whose  Legislature  saw  fit 
thus  to  express  a  sentiment  of  devotion  due  the  living  and  the  dead 
who  struggled  here.  To  you  and  to  me,  my  comrades,  to  your  kindred, 
to  your  sons  and  your  daughters  it  is  vastly  more  significant.  As  we 
stand  in  the  shadow  of  this  monument  our  minds  turn  back  to  a  period 
when  all  was  peace.  We  recall  happy  homes  and  firesides  undisturbed 
by  the  tread  of  armies,  the  sound  and  crash  of  battle,  or  even  the 
thoughts  of  war  and  bloodshed.  Actuated  and  impelled  by  the  hopes  and 
ambitions  of  youth  we  see  the  young  men  of  the  land  striving  to  excel  in 
whatever  directions  the  duties  of  life  might  lead.  But  a  change  came. 
A  cloud  of  war  darkened  the  horizon.  After  years  of  threatening  of  nulli- 
fication and  secession,  one  state  after  another  left  the  great  sisterhood 
of  states,  built  up  a  Confederacy,  and  fired  upon  Fort  Sumter.  The  echoes 
of  that  shot  startled  the  loyal  people  of  the  land.  Responding  tc  the  call 
of  the  President,  we  watch  the  gathering  of  vast  armies.  They  come 
from  the  north,  the  east,  and  the  west,  and  sweeping  southward,  like 
mighty  streams,  they  meet  the  tide  of  battle  upon  Confederate  soil. 
Then  they  surged  back  and  forth  like  angry  waves  of  a  storm  driven  sea. 
Now  they  struck  the  very  gates  of  the  rebel  Capitol,  and  again  they  were 
dashed  against  the  rock-bound  hills  of  our  own  State  at  Gettysburg. 
Thus  for  four  long  years  that  crimson  tide  ebbed  and  flowed,  and  as  each 
wave  receded  it  left  upon  the  strand  the  blighted  hopes  of  many  a  fond 
wife  and  doting  mother.  I  need  not  remind  you  of  the  advance  of  our 
army  and  its  first  repulse  at  Bull  Run.  To  the  subsequent  campaigns  on 
the  peninsula  with  their  disastrous  results  I  need  but  refer.  The  dis- 
appointment over  the  failures  at  Fredericksburg  and  Chancellorsville 
were  too  keen  to  be  so  easily  forgotten.  The  defeat  of  Lee  at  Antietam 
by  McClellan,  and  the  victory  of  Meade  at  Gettysburg  over  the  flower  of 
the  rebel  army,  formed  the  silver  lining  to  the  lowering  clouds  that  hung 
over  the  nation.  The  capture  of  Fort  Donelson  and  the  brilliant  and 
matchless  campaign  that  resulted  in  the  downfall  of  Vicksburg  placed  the 
silent  Grant  first  among  the  greatest  soldiers  the  world  ever  saw.  Sher- 
man's triumphant  march  to  the  sea,  Sheridan's  dashing  exploits  in  the 
Valley,  and  the  persistency  and  unyielding  tenacity  of  Grant,  as  he 
pushed  Lee  from  every  stronghold  in  those  successive  movements  that 
ended  at  Appomattox,  challenged  our  admiration.  Let  me  here  pause  a 
moment  to  say  that  while  I  yield  to  no  man  in  my  respect  and  reverence 
for  the  illustrious  leaders  whose  names  illumine  the  pages  of  American 
history  and  illustrate  American  valor,  the  men  who  carried  the  guns,  who 
swung  the  sabers,  who  manned  the  batteries,  and  rallied  on  Snodgrass 
Hill  gave  to  Thomas  the  imperishable  title  of  the  "Rock  of  Chicka- 
mauga." 

The  men  in  the  ranks  that  extended  from  Gulp's  Hill  to  Round  Top,  and 
who  rolled  back  the  flood  of  secession  at  Gettysburg,  made  the  name  of 
Meade  a  household  word.  The  sailors  who  followed  the  fortunes  of  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  329 

navy  gave  us  a  Porter  and  a  Farragut.  The  army  that  marched  from 
Atlanta  to  the  sea  made  Sherman  the  invincible  hero.  The  fame  of  Sheri- 
dan was  made  possible  only  by  the  men  who  followed  wherever  he  led. 
The  men  in  the  ranks,  who  stood  and  fought  and  died  at  Vicksburg,  and 
from  the  Wilderness  to  Appomajttox,  immortalized  the  name  of  Grant. 
The  valor  of  the  American  soldier  stands  without  parallel  in  the  history 
of  warfare.  Could  the  deeds  of  heroism  of  the  individual  be  written,  they 
would  compare  in  brilliancy  with  those  of  the  most  illustrious  chieftain. 
After  four  years  of  carnage  the  clouds  of  war  finally  broke  and  the  sun- 
shine of  peace  again  illuminated  the  land.  Then  back  across  the  Potomac 
came  that  victorious  army,  marched  out  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  passing  in 
review  before  the  leaders  whom  the  army  and  the  nation  had  learned  to 
love,  on  to  their  homes,  were  mustered  out,  disbanded  and  became  ab- 
sorbed in  the  great  citizenship  of  the  land.  The  rejoicings  over  the  dawn 
of  peace  and,  with  it,  the  return  of  that  matchless  army,  were  tempered 
with  sadness  because  of  the  many  who  never  came  back.  As  those  shat- 
tered remnants  swung  out  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  amid  the  plaudits  of 
assembled  multitudes,  there  were  many  left  behind  on  crutches,  many 
with  empty  sleeves,  but  sadder  still,  thousands  who  did  not  survive  the 
horrors  of  prison  life,  and  the  countless  thousands  of  our  comrades  whose 
bodies  strewed  every  battlefield  of  that  great  struggle.  Comrades,  the 
touch  of  whose  elbows  would  never  again  be  felt,  and  the  sound  of  whose 
voices  would  never  again  be  heard.  They  would  answer  to  their  names 
on  earth  no  more.  You  recall  the  weariness  of  the  march,  the  discom- 
forts of  the  bivouac,  the  dangers  of  the  picket  line,  the  awful  carnage  of 
the  battlefield,  but  you  live  to  enjoy  the  full  fruition  of  all  you  did,  all  you 
suffered  and  all  you  sacrificed.  They  suffered  all  you  did  in  life  but  im- 
measurably greater  was  their  sacrifice  when  they  gave  their  lives  that 
future  generations  might  enjoy, to  the  fullest  extent, the  heritage  of  free- 
dom left  by  our  fathers.  We  can  never  appreciate  the  loss  to  the  widows 
and  orphans,  the  mothers,  the  sisters  and  the  sweethearts  of  the  land. 
How  great  must  have  been  their  sufferings,  how  anxious  their  watching 
for  good  tidings  from  the  field  of  battle,  how  strong  their  hopes,  but  how 
intxpressably  keen  their  disappointment  because  their  loved  ones  never 
came  back.  The  multiplied  thousands  of  graves  scattered  all  over  the 
lend  speak  with  silent  eloquence  of  the  homes  broken,  the  firesides  deso- 
lated, and  the  hopes  blighted.  Every  bullet,  as  it  filled  ^ts  fatal  mission, 
struck  some  fond,  waiting,  loving  heart  at  home,  and  left  a  wound  that 
eternity  alone  can  heal.  My  friends,  let  me  say  in  conclusion  that  while 
the  bitterness  and  asperity  of  those  days  have  passed  away,  while  we 
can  now  calmly,  coolly  and  dispassionately  discuss  the  issues  then  in- 
volved, no  distorted  history,  no  apologies,  no  false  teachings,  can  ever 
change  the  indisputable  fact,  that  the  men  whose  names  we  honor  and 
whose  memories  we  thus  perpetuate,  were  right,  their  cause  was  ju®t, 
while  those  in  gray,  who  sought  the  destruction  of  the  fairest  land  God 
ever  created  and  fostered, were  wrong, their  cause  inexcusable, unjustifia- 
ble and  without  reason.  My  comrades,  as  we  separate,  and  journey  to- 


330  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

wards  our  respective  homes,  let  us  pledge  renewed  devotion  to  the  mem- 
ory of  our  comrades.  Our  friendship  began  when,  with  uplifted  hand,  we 
swore  allegiance  to  our  flag  and  country.  This  friendship  was  sealed  in 
blood  and  should  be  as  lasting  as  life  itself.  Let  no  act  of  ours  ever  cast 
a  stain  on  the  fair  escutcheon  of  the  American  soldier.  Let  us  point  to 
his  patriotism  as  a  guide  for  future  generations.  May  we  so  act  our 
part  in  life  that  when  the  final  summons  comes  we  can  leave  a  legacy 
richer  far  than  gold,  a  character  pure,  transparent  and  spotless,  and  a 
reputation,  bright  and  untarnished.  Then,  when  the  last  duty  has  been 
performed,  the  last  roll  call  answered,  the  last  faint  expiring  echoes  of 
taps — the  soldier's  good  night — blending  with  the  first  notes  of  the  re- 
veille of  the  resurrection  morning,  and  we  hear  the  commendations  of 
duties  well  performed,  we  can  feel  that  enshrined  in  the  hearts  of  a  grate- 
ful people  are  the  memories  of  the  men  who  saved  the  flag  from  dishonor, 
and  with  them,  thus  honored  and  revered,  will  be  that  host  of  true  devot- 
ed, loyal  women,  who  by  their  sacrifices  and  labor  at  home,  their  ministra- 
tions in  the  hospitals,  and,  above  all,  by  their  prayers,  made  possible 
the  grand  achievements  of  the  noblest  army  ever  marshalled  by  mightj 
chieftains,  and  future  generations  will  call  blessed,  the  ancestry  that  left 
to  them  a  country  with  a  record  so  grand  and  glorious,  and  possibilities 
unparalled  in  the  history  of  nations. 


ADDRESS  OF  SERGEANT  JOSEPH  TIMMONS. 

COMRADES  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry:— 
As  your  adjutant  on  this  occasion,  it  is  my  happy  privilege  to  call 
the  roll  and  hear  you  answer  to  your  names  once  more,  at  the  base 
of  this  beautiful  monument  and  on  this  historic  field. 

There  is  no  more  fitting  place  for  the  erection  of  this  monument  than 
this  spot.  This  valley  constituted  the  base  of  operations  of  the  First 
Cavalry  Division  for  nearly  two  months.  Here  many  of  our  brave  com- 
rades of  the  Ninth  bit  the  dust  and  now  here,  after  thirty-four  years,  the 
groat  Ruler  of  the  universe  has  permitted  a  favored  few  of  us  to  make 
this  pilgrimage  for  the  purpose  of  dedicating  this  beautiful  monument 
erected  by  the  grand  old  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

Here,  on  this  bloody  field,  men  fought  as  with  the  desperation  of  des- 
pair. You  will  remember  that  night  never  brought  relief,  but  from  sun- 
rise to  sunrise  the  gallant  old  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  during  the 
three  days  of  this  great  battle,  were  constantly  in  the  saddle. 

When  the  sun  had  sunk  behind  the  mountains  and  the  smoke,  eddying 
o<T  along  the  hills  like  a  dense  and  heavy  canopy  over  the  scenes,  as  if  to 
hide  from  the  eye  of  heaven  the  surging  combatants  and  heaps  of  slain, 
the  combat  deepened  and  the  infernal  dogs  of  war  played  the  same 
carnage  as  in  the  broad  light  of  day. 

The  English  bards  delight  to  sing  the  praises  of  Waterloo,  but  behold 


JHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  331 

a  greater  than  Waterloo.  The  losses  at  that  memorable  battle,  in  1815, 
were  fourteen  per  cent.,  while  the  losses  at  Chickamauga  were  twenty- 
one  per  cent.,  and  General  Bragg,  in  his  report  to  the  Confederate  War 
Department,  places  his  loss  at  thirty-five  per  cent. 

There  is  a  degree  of  sadness  connected  with  these  ceremonies  which 
you  and  I,  as  survivors,  fully  appreciate.  I  refer  to  the  absent  ones. 
Those  who  have  passed  to  the  other  side  have  answered  the  last  roll  call 
and  are  encamped  to-day  on  Fame's  eternal  camping  ground,  with  Lin- 
coln, Stanton,  Thomas  and  our  own  gallant  Kilpatrick,  but  their  deeds 
live  with  us  and  have  made  an  indelible  impression  on  our  minds  and 
will  live  with  us  and  long  after  we  are  gone. 

This  battlefield,  as  w-e  knew  it  thirty-four  years  ago,  was  an  open 
forest  with  an  undergrowth  of  sage  brush  and  broken  timber,  a  very 
uninteresting  spot  indeed.  Lately  it  has  been  transformed  into  a  beauti- 
ful White  City,  with  macadamized  roads  and  battle  scarred  monuments 
announcing  the  splendor  and  glory  of  the  past.  All  this  has  been  accom- 
plished by  a  grateful  Nation.  The  wrar  is  over  and  we  are  a  reunited 
country,  the  strongest  in  the  whole  world.  Our  flag  commands  respect 
in  every  part  of  the  globe.  Our  countrymen,  whom  we  were  compelled 
to  fight,  fully  recognize  that  the  Union  and  the  Constitution  are  one 
and  inseparable,  now  and  forever,  and,  while  we  moisten  with  our  tears 
the  ashes  of  our  fallen  comrades,  we  can  well  say: 

"The  graves  of  the  dead  with  the  grass  overgrown 
Shall  still  be  the  footsteps  of  Liberty's  throne." 

As  I  remarked  before,  it  has  been  my  happy  privilege  to  call  the  roll  this 
morning  and  find  that  one  hundred  and  seventeen  comrades  have  an- 
swered to  their  names.  There  will  never,  at  any  future  time,  so  many 
of  us  assemble  together.  The  footprints  of  time  are  laying  their  marks 
upon  us  and  those  of  us  who  joined  the  regiment  beardless  youths  are 
now  decrepit  old  men.  However,  right  here,  one  happy  thought  presents 
itself.  The  scars  and  blood  of  the  war  are  gone;  sweet,  gentle  peace  and 
time  have  healed  them  all. 

We  are  here  to-day  on  a  mission  of  love,  with  our  hearts  overflowing 
with  the  milk  of  human  kindness,  and  we,  being  the  victors,  can  afford  to 
forgive  and  forget.  We  are  also  bequeathing  to  our  children  a  glorious 
heritage  and,  as  time  rolls  on,  future  generations  will  appreciate  the 
sacrifice  that  this  generation  has  made  in  order  to  perpetuate  one  of  the 
best  governments  on  the  face  of  the  earth  and  point  with  pride  to  that 
grand  old  flag,  the  stars  and  stripes,  and  say: 

"Let  It  float,   let  it  float  to  the  breezes  unfurled, 
The  pride  of  the  veterans,  the  boast  of  the  world." 

I  cannot  close  these  remarks  without  referring  to  that  great  and  good 
man,  the  Chief  among  ten  millions,  and  the  one  of  all  men  with  gentle 
heart  and  firm  hand, with  malice  towards  none  and  charity  for  all,  full  of 
good  words  and  works,  who,  upon  the  field  of  Gettysburg,  urged  his  coun- 
trymen, "That  we  here  highly  resolve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died 
in  vain— that  this  nation,  under  God,  shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom— 
22 


332  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

and  that  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people  and  for  the  people  shall 
not  perish  from  the  earth."  He  was  the  greatest  man  the  world  has  pro- 
duced within  six  hundred  years.  He  was  a  born  leader  of  men.  In  vain 
we  search  the  pages  of  history  to  find  the  record  of  a  greater  man.  Plain, 
simple,  lovable,  unshorn  of  his  originality,  a  burden  bearer  for  others,  al- 
ways recognizing  the  Confederates,  even  those  in  arms,  as  his  country- 
men. Such  a  man  was  Abraham  Lincoln.  Notwithstanding,  the  genera- 
tion that  produced  this  great  man,  produced  his  assassin. 

When  prostrated  over  the  defeat  of  some  part  of  the  army,  a  friend, 
who  was  intimate  with  the  martyred  President,  would  see  him  retire 
to  the  sanctity  of  his  chamber  to  pray  or  read  his  favorite  poem  by 
Knox,  the  closing  of  which  is: 

"  'Tls  the  wink  of  an  eye,   'tis  the  draught  of  a  breath, 

From  the  blossoms  of  health,  to  the  paleness  of  death. 
From  the  gilded  saloon  to  the  bier  and  the  shroud; 
Oh,   why  should  the  spirit  of  mortal  be  proud." 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT.* 

THE  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Ninety-second  of  the  line,  at  first 
known  as  the  Lochiel  Cavalry,  was  organized  on  the  29th  of  Au- 
gust, 1861,  in  compliance  with  an  order  of  the  Hon.  Simon  Cameron, 
Secretary  of  War,  with  Edward  C.  Williams,  of  Harrisburg,  as  Colonel; 
Thomas  C.  James,  of  Philadelphia,  as  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and  Thomas 
J.  Jordan,  of  Harrisburg,  as  Major.  Under  this  authority,  the  officers 
above  named  appointed  the  necessary  line  officers,  and  directed  them  to 
proceed  at  once  to  recruit  men  for  their  respective  companies.  The  place 
of  rendezvous  was  at  Camp  Cameron,  near  Harrisburg.  The  regiment 
was  composed  of  twelve  companies,  principally  raised  in  the  counties  of 
Dauphin,  Luzerne,  Lancaster,  Huntingdon,  Perry,  Cumberland,  Mifflin, 
Blair,  Wayne,  Chester,  Lehigh,  Susquehanna,  and  in  the  city  and  county 
of  Philadelphia.  The  field  and  many  of  the  line  officers  and  privates 
had  served  for  the  short  term  in  1861,  and  Colonel  Williams  had  served 
in  the  militia  as  early  as  1832;  had  served  with  General  Scott,  in  Mexico, 
from  the  capture  of  Vera  Cruz  to  the  first  surrender  of  the  Capitol,  re- 
ceiving a  wound  at  the  storming  of  Chepultapec;  and  had  commanded, 
with  the  rank  of  Brigadier  General,  the  brigade  known  as  the  Scott 
Legion  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  three  months'  service. 

By  the  1st  of  October  the  companies  were  full,  and  the  men,  by  drill 
and  discipline,  fitted  for  the  field.  On  the  20th  of  November,  by  order  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  the  regiment  moved  by  rail  to  Pittsburgh,  and 
thence  by  boat  to  Louisville,  Kentucky,  where,  upon  its  arrival,  it  was 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


JHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  333 

reported  to  General  Buell,  in  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Cum- 
berland, and  placed  in  camp  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  opposite  to  Louis- 
ville. Mounted  drill  was  at  once  commenced,  a  school  for  officers  estab- 
lished, and  by  the  10th  of  January,  1862,  by  constant  hard  work  and  strict 
discipline,  the  regiment  had  acquired  such  proficiency  that  it  was  ordered 
to  the  front,  the  enemy  occupying  the  .line  of  Greene  River.  On  the  ad- 
vance of  Generals  Buell  and  Mitchell,  in  the  early  part  of  February, 
upon  General  A.  Sidney  Johnston's  position  at  Bowling  Green,  in  com- 
pliance with  an  urgent  request  made  by  citizens,  and  the  Legislature  of 
Kentucky,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  remain  for  the  protection  of  the 
State,  and  was  posted,  the  First  Battalion,  under  command  of  Colonel 
Williams,  at  Grayson  Springs,  the  Second,  under  Lieutenant  Colonel 
James,  at  Calhoun,  in  Western  Kentucky,  and  the  third,  under  Major 
Jordan,  at  Bacon  Creek,  on  the  line  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Rail- 
road. 

On  the  5th  of  March,  the  regiment  was  ordered  into  Tennessee,  the  First 
Battalion  to  Springfield,  the  Second  to  Clarksville,  and  the  third  to  Nash- 
ville. Soon  after  reaching  Nashville,  the  Third  Battalion  was  moved  to 
Gallatin,  and  on  the  4th  of  May,  it  first  met  the  enemy  under  Morgan,  at 
Lebanon,  where,  with  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  and  the  Third  Ken- 
tucky Cavalry,  it  most  signally  defeated  that  daring  partisan,  captur- 
ing two  hundred  and  ninety-three  of  his  men,  with  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Wood,  Morgan's  second  in  command,  Morgan  himself  narrowly  escaping 
capture  by  the  fleetness  of  his  celebrated  steed,  to  the  Cumberland 
River,  which  he  swam,  leaving  the  animal  a  prize  to  the  regiment.  On 
the  14th  of  May,  the  Third  Battalion  marched  from  Lebanon  to  Living- 
ston, in  Overton  county,  after  Morgan,  who  was  again  in  the  field,  and 
at  Spring  Creek  came  upon  his  rear  guard,  where,  after  a  spirited  action, 
the  guard  was  captured,  with  the  Quartermaster  of  Morgan's  Brigade. 
Pushing  on  after  Morgan,  who  declined  fighting,  he  was  forced  to  the 
Cumberland  Mountains  at  Sparta,  where  his  command  scattered  upon 
the  various  roads  leading  to  Chattanooga.  On  the  3d  of  June,  the  Third 
Battalion  marched  from  Lebanon,  Tennessee,  to  Tompkinsville,  Ken- 
tucky, and  on  the  6th,  Captain  Hugh  McCullough  was  warmly  engaged 
at  Moore's  Hill,  defeating  Colonel  Hamilton,  who  had  a  largely  superior 
force,  with  a  less  of  the  leader,  Captain  McCullough,  and  four  men  killed, 
and  ten  badly  wounded.  Captain  McCullough,  a  brave  and  competent 
officer,  was  shot  through  the  stomach,  while  leading  his  men  to  the 
charge.  On  the  9th  of  July,  1862,  Morgan,  with  a  force  of  over  two  thou- 
sand men,  advanced  against  Tompkinsville.  To  meet  this  force  Major 
Jordan,  who  was  in  command  of  the  post,  had  but  two  hundred  and 
thirty,  and  after  maintaining  an  unequal  contest  for  two  hours,  finding 
himself  being  surrounded,  he  retired  to  Burksville,  Kentucky.  In  this 
engagement  fifty-seven  of  the  enemy  were  killed,  and  one  hundred  and 
forty  wounded,  while  the  loss  irTthe  battalion  was  only  ten  killed,  four- 
teen wounded,  and  nineteen  taken  prisoners.  Among  the  latter  was 


334  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Major  Jordan,  who  had  his  horse  killed  in  the  action.  Lieutenant  Aaron 
Sullivan  was  among  the  killed. 

In  the  meantime  the  First  Battalion  remained  at  Springfield,  and  the 
Second  at  Clarksville.  Finding  that  the  enemy  was  penetrating  Ken- 
tucky in  large  force,  the  regiment  was  again  united  under  Colonel  Wil- 
liams, at  Lebanon,  Kentucky,  early  in  August,  and  was  employed  in 
keeping  the  State  clear  of  Morgan  and  his  bands,  and  in  watching 
the  advance  of  Kirby  Smith.  After  the  disastrous  battle  of  Richmond, 
Kentucky,  on  the  30th,  in  connection  with  the  Ninth  Kentucky  Cavalry, 
it  covered  the  retreat  of  General  Nelson  to  Louisville,  fighting  daily  the 
enemy's  advance  under  Jenkins  and  Colonel  Scott,  of  the  First  Louisiana 
Cavalry,  who  displayed  great  activity,  attacking  at  every  favorable 
point.  At  Shelbyville  it  had  a  sharp  encounter,  defeating  Jenkins, 
killing  twenty-seven  of  his  men,  and  capturing  forty-four.  After  reach- 
ing Louisville  it  was  employed  in  guarding  the  roads  in  the  direction  of 
Tennessee,  on  which  General  Buell  was  marching  for  the  relief  of  Ken- 
tucky. Upon  General  Buell's  arrival,  in  conjunction  with  the  Second 
Michigan,  it  took  the  advance  to  Perryville,  and  by  its  boldness  in 
pushing  the  enemy's  rear,  brought  on  the  sanguinary  battle  fought  there, 
sustaining  the  fire  of  his  infantry  until  relieved  by  McCook's  Corps.  It 
then  formed  on  the  right  of  the  line,  and  by  its  steadiness,  foiled  every 
attempt  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  to  turn  its  flank.  In  this  action  it  had 
ten  killed,  and  twenty-seven  wounded.  In  general  orders  issued  after 
the  action,  General  Buell  says,  "The  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  be- 
haved most  bravely,  being  at  one  time  compelled  to  stand  for  three- 
quarters  of  an  hour  under  the  concentrated  fire  of  three  batteries  of 
the  enemy's  artillery,  and  only  retiring  when  ordered  to  do  so." 

By  hard  service  the  regiment  had  by  this  time  become  much  weakened, 
and  about  one-half  of  the  men  were  dismounted.  It  was  accordingly 
ordered  to  Louisville  for  fresh  horses  and  equipments.  After  receiving 
these,  in  company  with  the  Second  Michigan,  it  marched  to  Nicholasville, 
to  prepare  for  a  raid  into  East  Tennessee,  upon  the  railroads  com- 
municating with  the  rebel  Capitol,  by  which  succor  should  be  prevented 
from  reaching  General  Bragg  before  the  advance  of  Rosecrans  to  Stone 
River.  On  the  22d  of  December,  the  expedition,  under  command  of  Gen- 
eral Carter,  left  Nicholasville,  and  on  reaching  Big  Hill,  all  the  com- 
missary stores,  and  one  hundred  rounds  of  ammunition  per  man  were 
distributed,  roads  and  civilization  were  left  behind,  and  the  command 
took  to  the  deer-paths  of  Pine,  Cumberland,  and  Clinch  Mountains.  To 
one  unacquainted  with  the  way,  it  is  difficult  to  form  any  adequate  con- 
ception of  the  hardships  which  the  troops  encountered  on  this  march. 
These  mountains,  cheerless  and  dark,  and  savage  as  when  Boone  first 
saw  them,  are  at  this  point  one  hundred  miles  wide,  and  can  only  be 
crossed  by  following  the  paths  worn  by  the  deer  and  the  Indian  ages 
before.  Over  these  paths,  in  single  file,  marched  the  regiments,  travel- 
ing day  and  night,  swimming  the  Cumberland  and  Clinch  Rivers,  and 
fording  the  numerous  creeks  on  the  route,  until  the  1st  of  January,  1863, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  335 

when  it  reached  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad,  at  the  bridge 
spanning  the  Watauga.  This  was  defended  by  a  company  of  about  one 
hundred  strong,  from  the  command  of  General  Humphrey  Marshall,  well 
entrenched.  As  time  was  all  important,  the  cavalry  was  dismounted, 
the  place  carried  by  assault,  and  the  bridge,  a  structure  of  two  long 
spans,  was  burned.  As  it  was  deemed  unwise  to  cumber  the  column  with 
prisoners,  the  captured  party  was  at  once  paroled,  and  the  command 
moved  down  the  railroad  ten  or  twelve  miles  to  the  point  where  it  crosses 
the  Holston  River.-  The  bridge  here  was  defended  by  a  force  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  men,  having  stockades  and  entrenchments  skilfully 
constructed  for  its  defence.  Without  delay  these  were  stormed,  and  the 
entire  rebel  force  taken  prisoners.  In  this  action  the  Ninth  lost  six 
killed  and  twenty-five  wounded.  Among  the  latter  was  Sergeant  Ellis 
T.  Hamersly,  who  was  shot  through  the  thigh,  the  missile  inflicting  a 
painful  and  dangerous  wound.  All  the  badly  wounded  were  left  with 
the  paroled  enemy,  the  command  being  without  ambulances,  with  the 
exception  of  Sergeant  Hamersly,  who  resolutely  refused  to  remain,  and 
succeeded  in  keeping  his  horse  and  moving  with  the  column  until  it 
reached  Kentucky.  After  leaving  the  Holston  Bridge,  and  destroying  a 
trestle  work  of  nearly  a  mile  across  a  swamp,  the  command  faced  for 
Kentucky,  and  by  skilful  strategy,  joined  with  signal  enterprise  and 
rapidity  of  movement,  succeeded  in  eluding  the  enemy,  eight  thousand 
strong,  under  Marshall,  and  recrossed  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  re- 
turning by  the  same  paths  by  which  it  advanced.  The  success  of  this 
raid,  in  the  face  of  a  greatly  superior  force  of  the  enemy,  was  the  cause 
of  so  much  chagrin  to  the  rebel  chieftains,  that  Marshall,  the  com- 
mander, was  relieved  and  never  afterwards  restored  to  his  command. 

The  regiment  reached  Nicholasville  from  this  raid  on  the  night  of  the 
13th  of  January,  with  two-thirds  of  its  men  dismounted,  the  animals, 
for  more  than  one  hundred  miles  while  crossing  the  mountains,  being 
without  food.  In  the  meantime  Colonel  Williams,  for  some  cause  of 
difficulty  involving  a  question  of  rank,  had  resigned,  and  Lieutenant 
Colonel  James,  on  the1  13th  of  January  died.  Major  Jordan  was  accord- 
ingly promoted  to  Colonel.  After  a  few  days  rest,  the  regiment  marched 
to  Louisville,  where  it  was  remounted,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Nashville. 
On  the  8th  of  February,  two  days  after  its  arrival,  it  proceeded,  by  order 
of  General  Rosecrans,  to  Franklin,  where,  after  a  sharp  skirmish,  Gen- 
eral Forrest's  Brigade  of  the  enemy  was  driven  from  the  town.  Colonel 
Jordan's  command  here  formed  the  right  wing  of  the  army  of  the  Cum- 
berland, which  was  now  confronting  the  enemy  at  Liberty  on  the  left, 
Shelbyville  and  Tullohoma  in  the  centre,  and  Triune  and  Franklin  on  its 
extreme  right.  At  Spring  Hill,  fourteen  miles  in  front  of  Franklin,  was 
the  extreme  of  the  left  wing  of  the  enemy,  commanded  by  General  Van 
Dorn,  Wheeler  and  Forrest  commanding  divisions  under  him,  with  a  force 
of  twelve  thousand  cavalry.  The  advance  brigade  of  this  force  was  at 
Thompson's  Station,  nine  miles  out  on  the  Columbia  Pike,  the  Eighth 
Mississippi  doing  picket  duty  three  miles  nearer  Franklin,  and  the  Fourth 


336  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Mississippi  performing  the  same  duty  five  miles  to  the  right,  on  the 
Carter's  Creek  Pike.  For  eighteen  days,  the  Ninth,  aided  by  three  hun- 
dred men  from  the  Second  Michigan  Cavalry,  without  other  support,  con- 
fronted this  strong  rebel  force,  and  daily,  to  deceive  the  enemy,  made 
strong  attacks  upon  his  advance  positions.  This  bold  strategy  was  en- 
tirely successful,  and  the  weakness  of  the  post  was  not  discovered  by 
Van  Dorn,  until  the  morning  of  the  4th  of  March,  when  he  advanced  in 
force  to  storm  the  place;  but  a  division  of  infantry,  under  Colonel  John 
Coburn,  of  Indiana,  having  reached  Franklin  during,  the  night. of  the  3d, 
the  whole  command  marched  out  on  the  morning  of  the  4th,  and  four 
miles  from  Franklin  met  the  enemy.  After  a  hotly  contested  engage- 
ment, which  lasted  from  nine  in  the  morning  until  three  in  the  afternoon, 
the  enemy  was  finally  driven  back  to  his  position  at  Thompson's  Station. 
In  this  action,  the  regiment  suffered  severely,  having  twelve  killed  and 
fifty-one  wounded.  On  the  following  morning,  Colonel  Coburn,  who  had 
assumed  command,  determined  to  pursue  and  drive  the  enemy  from  the 
Station,  his  chosen  ground.  Immediately  after  daylight,  Colonel  Jordan 
was  ordered  to  advance  with  his  regiment,  and  drive  the  enemy  into 
position.  As  Jordan  moved  out,  skirmishing  opened,  and  every  moment 
became  heavier.  At  the  hills  in  front  of  the  Station  the  enemy  made 
a  determined  stand,  but  the  First  Battalion,  under  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Savage,  and  the  Second  under  Major  Detweiler,  by  a  most  gallant  charge, 
drove  him  from  his  position,  and  held  the  ground  until  the  infantry  had 
formed  and  advanced  to  their  relief.  This  action  proved  disastrous  to  the 
Union  arms,  and  Colonel  Coburn,  with  three  thousand  eight  hundred 
infantry,  was  captured.  Colonel  Jordan,  with  the  cavalry,  fought  his 
way  back  to  Franklin,  bringing  off  two  hundred  and  twenty  prisoners, 
together  with  the  entire  artillery  and  baggage  train  of  the  army  and  all 
the  wounded  that  the  ambulances  could  bear.  For  the  heroic  part  borne 
by  the  regiment  in  this  action,  it  was  mentioned  honorably  in  special 
orders  by  General  Rosecrans. 

In  the  campaign  against  Bragg  in  Tennessee,  which  culminated  in  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga,  the  regiment  took  part,-  and  with  the  First 
Brigade,  First  Division  of  the  Cavalry  under  General  Stanley,  led  the 
advance  of  our  army.  In  the  initial  movements  it  fought  in  the  battles 
of  Rover,  Middletown,  and  Shelbyville,  and  at  the  latter  place  charged 
the  left  flank  of  the  enemy,  while  the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry 
charged  the  centre,  and  in  a  most  stubborn  hand-to-hand  encounter,  suc- 
ceeded in  capturing  nearly  a  thousand  prisoners,  with  the  enemy's  bat- 
tery, breaking  up  entirely  his  cavalry  organization,  and  driving  the  few 
who  escaped  as  mere  fugitives  upon  the  main  force  at  Tullahoma. 
Among  the  killed  was  Captain  Gilbert  Waters.  It  also  participated  in 
the  action  at  Elk  River,  and  by  passing  the  stream  above  the  right  flank 
of  the  enemy,  and  boldly  attacking  him,  forced  him  from  his  position  at 
the  fords  in  front  of  General  Turchin,  enabling  his  command  to  pass  the 
river  and  follow  the  retreating  columns.  At  Cowan,  a  few  days  later, 
near  the  foot  of  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  the  regiment  captured  two 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  337 

hundred  of  the  rear  guard  of  Bragg  as  he  was  passing.  A  few  days 
previous  to  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  it  penetrated  to  a  point  near 
Lafayette,  Georgia,  and  captured  by  a  gallant  charge,  a  part  of  the  ad- 
vance guard  of  General  Longstreet,  then  marching  from  the  army  of 
Lee  in  Virginia,  to  reinforce  Bragg,  and  was  thus  enabled  to  give  Rose- 
crans  the  first  positive  information  of  Longstreet's  presence.  At  Chicka- 
mauga, the  regiment  held  the  right  of  our  line,  and  after  the  defeat  of 
McCook's  Corps,  closed  on  the  right  of  General  Thomas,  and  defended  his 
flank  during  the  remainder  of  the  battle.  For  its  conduct  in  this  des- 
perate encounter  it  received  from  General  Thomas  a  complimentary 
notice,  and  Colonel  Jordan  was  commended  for  his  gallantry  in  the  most 
flattering  terms. 

During  the  winter  of  1863,  and  spring  of  1864,  it  was  in  East  Tennessee, 
and  fought  in  the  battles  of  Dandrige,  New  Market,  Mossy  Creek,  and 
Pair  Garden,  capturing  at  the  latter  place  the  artillery  of  the  enemy. 
The  regiment  having  re-enlisted  was  given  a  furlough  of  thirty  days, 
and  returned  to  Pennsylvania  early  in  April.  By  the  latter  part  of  May 
it  was  again  in  the  field  at  Louisville,  having  recruited  its  thinned  ranks 
in  the  meantime,  to  twelve  hundred  men.  While  at  Louisville  receiving 
arms  and  horses,  General  John  H.  Morgan  made  his  last  raid  into 
Kentucky,  and  was  pushing  for  Frankfort,  at  which  place  he  designed 
crossing  the  Kentucky  River,  and  then  by  overpowering  the  detachments 
scattered  along  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad  as  guard,  breaking 
up  the  track,  and  burning  the  bridges,  cut  off  Sherman,  who  was  then 
far  on  his  march  to  Atlanta,  from  his  base  of  supplies,  and  compel  him 
to  fall  back  to  Chattanooga.  Colonel  Jordan  at  once  volunteered  to  de- 
fend Frankfort,  and  seizing  all  the  horses  necessary  to  mount  his  com- 
mand, and  arming  his  men  wi-th  common  muskets,  he  marched  by  night 
to  the  Capitol,  fifty-four  miles,  and  successfully  held  the  place,  com- 
pelling Morgan  to  abandon  his  well  laid  scheme,  and  fall  back  towards 
Pound  Gap,  near  which  place  he  was  badly  defeated  by  General  Bur- 
bridge,  who  had  a  division  of  cavalry  in  his  rear. 

The  regiment  soon  after  marched  to  Nashville,  and  thence  to  Chat- 
tanooga, arriving  on  the  2d  of  September.  Here  it  was  ascertained  that 
the  rebel  General  Wheeler  was  crossing  the  mountains  into  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, with  all  his  cavalry.  By  order  of  General  J.  B.  Steedman,  then  in 
command  at  Chattanooga,  the  regiment  at  once  started  in  pursuit,  cross- 
ing the  mountains  direct  to  McMinnville-,  thence  to  Murfreesboro,  where 
it  arrived  on  the  5th.  On  the  morning  c-f  the  6th,  it  marched  out  twelve 
miles  .on  the  Woodbury  and  McMinnville  Road  to  Readyville,  where  it 
attacked  and  utterly  defeated  General  Dibberel's  Brigade  of  Wheeler's 
command,  taking -two  hundred  and  ninety-four  prisoners,  a  large  pro- 
portion of  whom  were  wounded  with  sabre  cuts.  The  charge  In  this 
action  was  led  by  Major  D.  H.  Kimmel,  in  a  most  gallant  manner.  The 
next  day  by  order  received  by  telegraph  from  General  Thomas,  Colonci 
Jordan  was  placed  in  command  of  all  the  cavalry  in  Tennessee,  and  di- 
rected to  pursue  the  retreating  enemy.  He  marched  the  same  afternoon, 
22 


338  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

and  at  Woodbury,  just  at  dusk,  met  and  defeated  a  part  of  the  rebel 
General  Williams'  Division,  under  Colonel  Anderson.  On  the  following 
morning  he  continued  the  pursuit  to  McMinnville,  and  the  day  follow- 
ing to  Sparta,  General  Williams  constantly  avoiding  action,  though 
he  had  more  than  double  the  force  under  Colonel  Jordan.  At  Sparta  the 
enemy  took  to  the  mountains  and  passed  into  East  Tennessee.  For  this 
conduct  in  refusing  to  fight,  General  Williams  was  placed  under  arrest 
by  General  Wheeler,  from  which  he  was  not  released  until  the  end  of  the 
war.  In  acknowledgment  of  the  good  conduct  of  Colonel  Jordan  and 
the  troops  under  his  command,  of  which  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  con- 
stituted two-thirds,  complimentary  orders  were  issued  by  General  Van 
Cleve  at  Murfreesboro,  General  Milroy  at  Tullahoma,  and  General  Steed- 
rnan  at  Chattanooga. 

The  regiment  then  marched  to  join  General  Sherman  at  Marietta, 
Georgia,  and  on  the  14th  of  November,  started  on  its  march  with  that 
great  chieftain  to  the  sea.  Previous  to  moving,  it  was  assigned  to  the 
First  Brigade,  Third  Division  of  Cavalry,  the  whole  under  command  of 
General  Judson  Kilpatrick,  and  was  assigned  to  the  right  wing  of  the 
army,  under  General  Howard,  leading  his  advance  to  Macon  and  Milledge- 
ville.  On  the  16th,  the  first  day  out  from  Atlanta,  it  encountered  General 
Wheeler,  who,  with  his  cavalry  occupied  the  old  works  of  the  enemy  at 
L/ovejoy's  Station,  on  the  Macon  Railroad.  The  position  was  a  formidable 
one,  having  been  well  entrenched  by  General  Hood.  As  the  brigade 
moved  to  the  attack,  the  enemy  opened  a  galling  fire  from  four  guns; 
but  after  a  short  and  sharp  encounter,  by  a  most  gallant  charge,  the 
regiment  gained  a  lodgment  in  the  works,  driving  the  enemy  from  his 
guns,  and  capturing  them  with  more  than  three  hundred  prisoners.  The 
guns  were  at  once  manned  by  the  regiment  and  were  retained  by  it  until 
the  end  of  the  war.  They  were  the  same  guns  that  had  been  surrendered 
to  the  superior  forces  of  the  enemy  near  Macon,  by  General  Stoneman, 
some  months  previous. 

Early  in  December,  while  marching  on  Macon,  it  skirmished  heavily 
with  the  enemy,  and  with  the  brigade  pushed  the  cavalry  of  Wheeler 
within  the  defences  of  the  city.  On  the  day  following,  in  conjunction 
with  Walcott's  Brigade  of  Wood's  Division,  Fifteenth  Corps,  it  fought 
in  the  battle  of  Bear  Creek  or  Griswoldville,  defeating  Wheeler,  but  not 
without  severe  loss,  having  ninety-five  men  killed  and  wounded.  Moving 
through  Milledgeville  to  the  left. flank  of  our  army,  it  demonstrated  in  the 
direction  of  Augusta,  and  after  crossing  the  Ogeechee  at  the  falls,  turned 
southeast  towards  Millen,  one  of  the  prison-pens  for  Union  soldiers. 
When  within  one  day's  march  of  Waynesboro,  Wheeler  made  a  sudden 
night  attack,  but  was  defeated,  though  he  followed,  up  the  command 
closely  to  Waynesboro,  where  he  again  made  a  fruitless  night  attack. 
On  the  day  following,  It  having  been  discovered  that  the  Union  prisoners 
had  been  removed  from  Millen,  and  the  necessity  for  proceeding  further 
in  this  direction  obviated,  the  command  turned  towards  Louisville, 
Georgia,  to  form  a  junction  with  General  Baird's  Division  of  Infantry, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  339 

which  would  cross  the  Ogeechee  at  that  point.  During  the  day  Wheeler 
followed  closely,  and  at  Buckhead  Creek  made  a  heavy  attack  upon  the 
Ninth,  which  was  in  the  rear,  in  the  hope  of  cutting  it  off  from  the  rest 
of  the  column  already  across  the  stream.  By  a  bold  charge  the  enemy 
was  beaten  off,  and  the  regiment  was  enabled  to  join  the  remainder  of  the 
command  now  in  line  of  battle  and  awaiting  attack.  It  had  scarcely 
gained  its  position,  when  the  enemy  advanced,  but  was  met  with  such  a 
galling  fire,  that  he  was  compelled  to  draw  off,  and  the  brigade  marched 
on  unmolested  to  Louisville.  In  all  these  engagements,  Wheeler's  cav- 
alry outnumbered  that  opposed  to  him. 

Two  days  later,  the  infantry  having  come  up,  it  again  moved  on 
Waynesboro.  General  Dibberel's  Division  of  Wheeler  Cavalry,  was  found 
in  line  of  battle  at  Buckhead  Church,  and  defeated.  Pushing  forward 
from  its  camp  at  Waynesboro,  where  it  remained  one  day,  the  command 
on  the  following  morning  again  attacked  Wheeler,  who  had  barricaded 
himself  within  cannon  shot  of  our  front.  The  Ninth  Pennsylvania  had  the 
centre,  while  the  Ninth  Ohio  was  on  the  right,  and  the  Fifth  Ohio  on  the 
left,  with  the  Third  and  Fifth  Kentucky  and  Eighth  Indiana  in  reserve. 
In  this  order  the  command  moved  over  a  beautifully  undulating  plain, 
and  in  twenty  minutes  the  barricades  were  stormed,  and  Wheeler  was  in 
full  retreat.  At  Waynesboro  he  again  made  a  stand,  and  after  a  severe 
action,  he  was  driven  from  the  town,  and  retreated  across  Briar  Creek, 
on  the  road  leading  to  Augusta.  On  the  same  day  the  command  faced 
towards  Savannah,  where  it  arrived  with  the  whole  army  on  the  21st  of 
December. 

After  a  month's  delay,  the  regiment  again  took  the  field,  and  entering 
South  Carolina  at  Sister's  Ferry,  marched  through  Robertsville  and 
Barnwell  to  Blackville,  on  the  Charleston  and  Augusta  Railroad,  where 
it  encountered  and  defeated  a  portion  of  Wheeler's  command,  and  follow- 
ing the  railroad  towards  Augusta,  two  days  later,  developed  the  strength 
and  position  of  the  enemy  at  Polecat  Ponds,  near  Aiken,  where  he  had 
been  re-enforced  by  Hampton's  Division.  On  the  day  following,  Wheeler 
and  Hampton  attacked  with  their  whole  force,  but  were  signally  de- 
feated. Without  pausing,  the  brigade  moved  towards  Columbia,  the 
Capitol  of  the  State,  and  after  taking  Lexington,  and  capturing  a  portion 
of  Wheeler's  rear  guard,  moved  in  the  direction  of  Charlotte,  North 
Carolina,  as  far  as  Black  Stake's  Station,  on  the  Columbia  and  Charlotte 
Railroad,  where  it  met  and  defeated  a  force  of  the  enemy.  Crossing  the 
Catawba  at  Rocky  Mount,  and  marching  thence  by  Lancaster  and  Chester- 
field Court  House,  it  entered  North  Carolina,  crossing  the  Great  Pedee 
River  near  the  southern  line  of  the  State,  and  occupied  Rockingham. 
On  the  morning  of  the  llth  of  March,  the  command  reached  Fayette- 
ville,  the  enemy  retiring,  skirmishing  slightly.  After  a  few  days  of  rest, 
it  moved  towards  Goldsboro,  and  on  the  16th  at  Averysboro  was  engaged 
in  a  most  determined  action,  lasting  from  six  in  the  morning  until  two 
in  the  afternoon,  against  a  division  of  the  rebel  army  led  by  McLaws, 
which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  a  large  number  of  prisoners,  with  Gen- 


340 

eral  Rhett,  of  the  First  Brigade  South  Carolina  Heavy  Artillery.  In  this 
action  Captain  E.  A.  Hancock,  of  the  Ninth  lost  a  leg,  and  Captain  John 
Boal  was  killed;  and  in  the  brigade,  every  twelfth  man  was  killed  or 
wounded.  The  infantry  coming  up,  took  up  the  fighting,  and  carried  the 
rebel  breast-works,  capturing  the  artillery  and  a  large  number  of  pris- 
oners. In  February  Colonel  Jordan  was  promoted  to  Brigadier  General, 
the  command  of  the  regiment  still  resting  with  Lieutenant  Colonel  Kim- 
mel,  who  had  been  promoted  to  that  rank  in  September  previous. 

On  the  17th,  the  command  marched  towards  Bentonville,  on  the  left 
flank  of  the  Twentieth  Corps,  and  with  it  participated  in  the  battle  which 
ensued  on  the  19th,  the  cavalry  assisting  materially  in  securing  a  tri- 
umph on  that  hotly  contested  field.  After  refitting  and  resting  near 
Goldsboro,  the  cavalry  on  the  9th  of  April,  again  took  the  field,  and  while 
the  infantry  moved  directly  on  Johnston's  position  at  Smithfield,  it  moved 
by  a  more  circuitous  route,  by  the  old  battlefield  of  Bentonville,  to  reach 
the  rear  of  the  enemy,  and  capture  Raleigh.  To  accomplish  this  pur- 
pose required  constant  marching,  day  and  night.  On  the  morning  of  the 
second  day,  the  cavalry  struck  the  head  of  the  enemy's  retreating 
columns,  and  after  a  fierce  and  sanguinary  conflict,  compelled  the  enemy 
to  march  by  the  flank,  between  Raleigh  and  the  Neuce  River,  towards 
Hillsboro.  In  this  action,  Assistant  Surgeon  James  Moore  was  wounded 
in  the  left  lung,  while  gallantly  assisting,  by  his  presence,  in  urging  on 
the  men. 

On  the  morning  of  the  13th,  the  First  Brigade,  under  General  Jordan, 
entered  Raleigh,  the  city  having  been  surrendered  promptly  by  the  civil 
authorities  on  his  approach.  Passing  through  the  city,  the  enemy  under 
Wheeler  and  Hampton,  was  found  in  position  on  the  Hillsboro  Road,  and 
was  immediately  attacked.  In  the  engagement  which  ensued,  the  Ninth 
bore  the  brunt  of  the  action.  The  enemy  fell  back,  hotly  pursued  by  the 
cavalry  for  ten  miles,  to  Morrisville,  where  he  again  made  a  stand.  The 
line  was  quickly  formed,  the  charge  sounded,  and  the  position  carried, 
the  enemy  retreating  in  the  wildest  confusion  over  the  plain,  broken  into 
fragments  by  the  plunging  fire  of  the  artillery  from  the  heights  over- 
looking the  valley.  The  columns  being  again  formed  started  in  pursuit, 
when  a  flag  of  truce  was  discovered  approaching.  It  was  received  by  the 
Ninth,  under  which  was  delivered  the  letter  of  General  Joseph  E.  John- 
ston, directed  to  General  Sherman,  asking  for  a  meeting  to  determine 
the  terms  of  surrender  of  the  army  under  his  command.  This  was  the  last 
fighting  done,  and  the  last  guns  fired  in  Sherman's  command,  were  from 
the  battery  of  the  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry.  From  Morrisville  the 
command  marched  to  Durham,  and  the  escort  to  General  Sherman  when 
he  proceeded  to  the  Burnett  House  to  meet  General  Johnston,  and  again 
upon  the  occasion  of  agreeing  to  the  terms  of  surrender,  was  furnished 
by  this  regiment,  Major  John  M.  Porter  being  in  command.  After  the 
surrender,  the  command  moved  through  Greenville  to  Lexington,  where 
it  remained  until  the  18th  of  July,  when  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 
Returning  to  Harrisburg,  it  was  finally  disbanded,  and  the  war-worn 
veterans  retired  to  their  homes  and  the  peaceful  avocations  of  life. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  341 


DEDICATION-  OF  MONUMENT 

15TH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY 

DYER  FIELD,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  13TH,  1897. 

THE  DEDICATION  of  the  monument  of  the  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania 
Volunteer  Cavalry  on  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga,  on  November 
13,  1897,  brought  together  eighty-one  survivors  of  the  regiment,  and 
a  considerable  number  of  friends,  including  the  wives  and  daughters  of 
several  of  the  members.  Headquarters  were  established  at  the  Read 
House  in  Chattanooga;  a  large  American  flag  was  displayed  and  above  it 
the  signal  flag  used  on  Kenesaw  Mountain  by  Comrade  Frankenberry, 
when  he  waved  the  famous  message  of  Sherman  to  Corse,  on  October  3d 
and  4th,  1864,  "Move  your  command  to  Allatoona.  Hold  the  place.  I 
will  help  you."  At  one  thirty  P.  M.,  the  survivors  of  the  regiment,  with 
their  friends,  assembled  and  marched  in  a  body  to  the  Central  Station, 
and  taking  a  special  train  on  the  Chattanooga,  Rome  and  Southern  Rail- 
road were  transported  to  the  battlefield.  Arriving  at  Battlefield  Station, 
the  march  was  resumed  to  the  monument  near  the  Dyer  House,  and  but 
a  short  distance  from  the  station.  Governor  Daniel  H.  Hastings,  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  members  of  his  staff  and  friends,  arrived  at  the  same 
time.  Including  the  wives  and  daughters  of  the  members  who  attended, 
and  their  friends — some  of  them  residents  of  Chattanooga — there  were 
nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  persons  at  the  dedication.  In  opening  the 
exercises,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Charles  M.  Betts,  President  of  the  Sur- 
vivors' Association  of  the  regiment,  spoke  as  follows: — 


ADDRESS  OF  LIEUTENANT  JOHN  F.  CONAWAY. 

COMRADES  and  Friends: — We  have  assembled  on  this  occasion  to  re- 
call the  memories  of  scenes  transacted  on  this  historic  ground  more 
than  one-third  of  a  century  ago.    On  the  20th  day  of  September, 
1863,  at  eleven  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  our  regiment  (the  Fifteenth  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry)  was  in  line,  our  right  resting  near  the  brow  of  this 
knoll,  when  the  break  occurred  in  the  front  line  and  the  brave  men  of  our 


342  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

army  were  driven  back  in  confusion.  We  moved  from  here  to  the 
rear  through  the  gap  we  see  from  here,  and  soon  after  were  formed  in 
open  order  on  the  side  of  one  of  the  adjacent  hills,  and  tried  to  stem  the 
tide  of  retiring  soldiers  without  success.  Again,  still  further  to  the  rear, 
renewed  efforts  were  unavailing,  and  our  command  was  moved  over  to 
the  Chattanooga  Valley,  and  remained  there  in  line  of  battle  until  after 
dark,  to  protect  the  right  flank  and  the  wagon  trains  of  our  army,  and  on 
being  relieved,  marched  to  Chattanooga. 

It  is  not  my  intention  or  desire  to  go  into  any  of  the  details  of  this  great 
battle  of  the  war,  and  the  part  we  took  in  it  will  be  alluded  to,  no  doubt, 
by  those  who  will  be  called  upon  later.  Suffice  it  for  me  to  say  that  we 
were  here  to  do  any  duty  for  which  we  might  be  called  upon  by  our 
superior  officers.  Being  attached  to  the  headquarters  of  the  commander 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  General  William  S.  Rosecrans,  we  had 
been  extremely  active  on  the  campaign  from  Murfreesboro,  Tennessee,  to 
this  point,  as  the  means  of  communication  between  the  different  corps 
commanders  and  the  general  commanding,  often  widely  separated  by  high 
mountains  and  rough  roads,  and  on  this  particular  occasion  many  of  our 
men  were  on  active  duty  with  the  other  generals  commanding  corps  and 
divisions  of  this  army. 

Our  government  having  converted  this  battlefield  into  a  National  Park, 
and  our  great  State  of  Pennsylvania  having  erected  monuments  to  des- 
ignate the  positions  of  her  regiments  and  batteries  in  the  conflict,  we  are 
assembled  here  to  testify  our  appreciation  of  this  legislation,  and  to  thank 
the  Great  Ruler  of  the  Universe  that  we  are  permitted  to  enjoy  the  bless- 
ings of  peace  and  reunited  country. 

I  will  now  call  on  Sergeant  Joseph  R.  Lonabaugh  to  offer  prayer. 

Sergeant  L/onabaugh's  prayer  was  eloquent  and  entirely  extempore. 
He  began  with  an  acknowledgement  of  God,  as  God,  in  all  the  works  of 
His  hand;  thanked  Him  for  mercies  bestowed  upon  us  as  individuals 
and  as  a  nation;  for  the  plenteous  harvests  of  the  past  year;  for  the  peace 
that  reigns  over  us  as  a  nation,  and  for  the  comforts  and  blessings  of  a 
united  people;  for  the  continuance  of  these  blessings  and  for  Divine 
wisdom  to  rest  upon  the  President  of  the  United  States,  his  Cabinet  and 
Congress;  the  Governor  of  our  own  loved  Commonwealth,  his  advisers 
and  Legislature,  and  upon  those  in  authority  everywhere  in  this  broad 
land;  and  upon  us  that  we  may  lay  hold  on  eternal  life,  as  revealed  to  us 
through  the  mercies  of  His  Son.  And  then  he  said:  "Grant,  oh  Lord, 
that  when  our  shelters  are  pitched  in  the  last  bivouac  on  the  field  of  the 
battle  of  life,  and  our  bodies  are  lain  down  in  the  long  rest,  may  north 
and  south,  east  and  west  alike  hear  the  sound  of  taps  melt  away  into 
the  reveille  of  that  glorious  land  of  peace  beyond  all  strife  and  turmoil. 
These  acknowledgments  we  make,  these  thanks  we  offer,  these  mercies 
we  crave  in  the  name  of  Thy  dear  Son,  our  Lord  and  Saviour,  Jesus 
Christ."  A  hearty  and  grand  "Amen"  came  from  every  one  present  at  the 
close  of  this  most  impressive  prayer. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  343 

The  monument  had  been  draped  with  the  American  flag,  and  Colonel 
Betts  here  called  upon  Miss  Mary  S.  Anderson,  Miss  Laura  E.  Hanson 
and  Miss  Caro  L.  Betts,  who  came  forward,  and  gracefully  pulling  the 
strings,  it  was  unveiled  and  greeted  with  much  applause. 

Colonel  Betts  then  said:  I  now  have  the  honor  of  introducing  to  you 
the  Honorable  Daniel  H.  Hastings,  Governor  of  our  grand  Common- 
wealth of  Pennsylvania. 

Governor  Hastings  spoke  with  much  feeling,  and  in  an  eloquent  and  ap- 
propriate address  commanded  the  close  attention  and  intense  interest  of 
all  present.  He  expressed  himself  as  much  gratified  that  the  oppor- 
tunity was  afforded  him  to  speak  to  the  survivors  of  the  great  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  and  the  other  battles  in  and  about  Chattanooga,  at  the 
dedication  of  their  several  monuments;  and  stated  that  he  thought  it 
proper  that  these  monuments,  commemorative  of  the  brave  and  loyal 
deeds  of  her  sons,  should  be  erected  at  the  expense  of  the  State.  In  the 
course  of  his  speech  he  said:  "I  have  seen  a  picture  of  you  and  yours  in 
many  a  Pennsylvania  home.  That  picture  is  in  every  home  of  the  grand 
old  Commonwealth.  It  is  of  the  young  wife,  with  babe  in  her  arms,  or 
the  dear  mother  at  the  door  of  her  home.  I  see  you  for  the  first  time  clad 
in  your  soldier  coat  of  blue,  and  see  you  looking  back  for  a  last  sad  glance 
at  your  loved  ones,  and  often,  indeed,  did  it  prove  to  be  the  last  glance, 
and  the  dear  ones  who  waited  and  watched,  waited  and  watched  for  your 
return,  in  vain.  Their  only  consolation  was  that  a  precious  life  had  been 
freely  given  up  on  the  sacred  altar  of  the  country."  The  Governor's  ad- 
dress was  greeted  with  much  applause  and  many  cheers.  The  Governor 
has  since  written:  "I  am  very  proud  of  the  monument  erected  by  your 
regiment,  and  I  was  greatly  touched  with  the  deep  earnestness  that  per- 
vaded the  dedicatory  exercises." 

Colonel  Betts:  It  now  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  present  to  you  Lieu- 
tenant John  F.  Conaway,  the  secretary  of  our  association,  as  the  orator  of 
this  occasion. 


ADDRESS  OF  LIEUT. -COL.  CHARLES  M.  BETTS. 

/COMRADES    of    the    Fifteenth    Pennsylvania    Volunteer    Cavalry:— 

Whatever  may  have  been  our  thoughts  on  the  morning  of  Sep- 

^^     tember  20,  1863,  when  we  were  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle  at  this 

place,  one  of  the  most  remote  was  that  thirty-four  years  afterwards  we 

would  assemble,  as  we  do  to-day,  to  dedicate  this  monument  or  tablet 

which  now  stands  before  us,  and  I  must  say  that  I  consider  it  a  glorious 


344  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

privilege  to  be  permitted  to  speak  to  you  on  this  occasion  as  comrades 
and  survivors  of  a  loyal  volunteer  regiment  of  cavalry  that  passed 
through  nearly  three  years  of  continuous,  active  service  in  the  field,  in  the 
greatest  war  of  modern  times.  As  a  part  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
it  took  us  nearly  three  months  to  reach  this  field  from  the  place  of  our 
last  previous  and,  to  us,  most  serious  encounter  with  the  enemy  on  the 
battlefield  of  Stone  River,  a  distance,  by  rail,  of  not  much  over  one  hun- 
dred miles.  There  were  great  obstacles  to  be  overcome  at  that  time, 
however,  and  only  those  who  actively  participated  can  fully  comprehend 
and  appreciate  the  hardships,  trials  and  dangers  we  were  called  upon  to 
encounter  and  endure  in  that  grand  campaign.  To-day,  after  a  pleasant 
journey  of  about  thirty  hours,  some  of  us  with  our  wives  and  grown-up 
children,  and  many  of  us  having  traveled  over  a  thousand  miles  from  our 
homes  in  Pennsylvania  and  other  states,  we  have  come  to  this  historic 
locality  to  assist  in  the  dedication  of  the  monuments,  so  generously  pro- 
vided by  our  grand  Commonwealth,  of  the  Pennsylvania  commands  en- 
gaged at  Chickamauga  and  the  other  great  battles  in  and  about  Chat- 
tanooga, but  more  particularly  are  we  here  to  dedicate  this  monument  of 
our  own  regiment.  It  is  a  matter  of  history  and  will  be  remembered  by  all 
who  participated,  that  under  the  gallant  and  able  leadership  of  our 
Colonel,  afterwards  Brevet  Brigadier  General,  Wm.  J.  Palmer,  we  took  an 
important  part  in  the  events  preceding  and  those  immediately  leading  up 
to  this  most  sanguinary  conflict;  and  on  the  battlefield  itself  we  were 
actively  engaged  in  detachments  on  nearly,  if  not  quite,  every  part  of  it, 
but  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day  of  the  battle  we  moved  with  Gen- 
eral Rosecrans  from  the  Widov  Glenn's  House,  about  a  mile  distant,  and 
were  concentrated  right  about  where  we  now  stand.  So  it  has  been 
deemed  proper  that  our  monument  should  be  erected  here.  I  have  no  pur- 
nose,  my  comrades,  to  attempt  a  description  of  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga, nor  could  I  do  so  with  satisfaction  to  you  or  to  myself,  but  I  wish 
to  say  a  few  words  in  relation  to  the  part  we  performed  here.  When  we 
recall  the  events  of  the  19th  and  20th  of  September,  1863,  many  of  them 
transpiring  on  this  spot  and  in  sight  of  where  we  now  stand,  we  cannot 
fail  to  realize  that  it  borders  on  the  miraculous  that  any  of  us  are  alive 
to-day  to  take  part  in  these  exercises.  Every  man  has  his  own  story  to 
tell,  and  many  of  the  events  that  occurred  here  have  been  vividly  recalled 
and  described  by  several  of  our  comrades  at  the  annual  reunions  of  our 
Survivors'  Association,  twenty-four  of  which  have  been  held  up  to  this 
time.  I  need  not  mention  names — indeed,  were  I  to  do  so,  it  would  be 
necessary  for  me  to  mention  the  name  of  every  man  of  the  command  who 
was  present  in  this  battle,  for  I  believe  there  was  not  one  of  our  regi- 
ment who  participated,  but  who  was  called  upon  to  perform  some  spe- 
cially important  and  dangerous  duty  at  some  time  or  other,  from  the  be- 
ginning of  the  battle  up  to  the  time  when  we  were  compelled  to  leave  th? 
field,  either  alone  or  in  company  with  one  or  two  others,  or  with  a  larger 
detachment.  Nearly  all,  if  not  all,  of  the  orders  of  General  Rosecrans, 
both  verbal  and  written,  directing  the  movements  of  corps,  divisions, 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  345 

brigades  and  regiments,  were  entrusted  to  members  of  our  regiment  for 
safe  delivery.  It  was  a  duty,  comrades,  that  took  us  to  the  farthest  front, 
into  the  thickest  of  the  fight,  into  the  greatest  possible  danger,  and  the 
record  has  yet  to  be  made  that  the  confidence  thus  reposed  in  the  Fif- 
teenth Pennsylvania  Cavalry  on  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  was  in  a 
single  instance  misplaced. 

One  comrade  has  said:  "I  was  told  to  take  two  men  and  find  General 
Granger,  somewhere  on  the  extreme  left"— and  he  has  described  the 
thrilling  and  dangerous  ride  they  had,  and  how,  finally,  they  succeeded  in 
finding  not  only  Granger  but  Thomas,  also,  and  the  orders  were  safely  de- 
livered. Another  comrade  has  related  that  he  remembers  distinctly  that 
the  line  was  broken  in  front  of  the  Dyer  House,  and  he  has  described  our 
position  as  being  drawn  up  in  line  immediately  in  the  rear  of  headquar- 
ters, and  how  General  Rosecrans  was  moving  about  in  front,  and  as  he 
came  through  the  thicket  Colonel  Palmer  rode  up  to  him  and  said:  "Gen- 
eral, shall  I  charge  with  my  regiment,"  and  the  reply  was:  "No,  Colonel, 
you  had  better  take  your  command  a  little  further  to  the  rear."  Now,  to 
show  the  ground  covered  by  us  in  the  performance  of  our  duty  in  this 
battle,  I  wish  to  refer  to  an  event  that  occurred  on  the  right  and  which 
has  not  been  spoken  of  before,  that  I  remember.  You  know  that  on  the 
night  of  the  18th  the  line  of  battle  was  changed,  and  although  the  fires 
were  kept  burning  along  the  front,  the  army  was  moving  all  night  in  solid, 
compact  mass  in  the  rear  of  that  line  of  fires  towards  the  left,  to  take 
up  a  new  position  and  to  form  the  new  line  of  battle.  Just  at  that^time 
it  was  necessary  that  Colonel  Minty,  commanding  a  considerable  portion 
of  cavalry  somewhere  on  the  extreme  right,  should  be  communicated  with. 
That  duty  devolved  upon  an  entire  company  of  our  regiment.  That  com- 
pany left  headquarters,  in  the  vicinity  of  Crawfish  Springs,  about  dusk  on 
the  evening  of  the  18th,  and  soon  after,  in  the  darkness,  came  upon  this 
solid  mass  of  infantry  making  the  movement  toward  the  left.  It  was  a 
surprise  so  sudden  that  in  an  instant,  instinctively,  without  orders,'  thou- 
sands of  muskets  were  cocked  at  once,  and  the  men  who  had  filled  the 
road  from  side  to  side  broke  to  the  right  and  left,  and  the  sound  of  the 
cocking  of  those  thousands  of  muskets,  and  the  rustling  of  the  leaveg  in 
the  woods,  struck  terror  to  the  hearts  of  the  men  of  that  company  which 
can  hardly  be  described.  It  was  necessary  to  explain  quickly,  and  the 
explanation  was  made  none  too  quickly,  I  can  assure  you.  I  do  not  be- 
lieve, comrades,  that  a  company  of  cavalry  during  the  entire  war  was 
ever  so  near  complete  annihilation  as  was  company  I  on  that  occasion,  al- 
though-not  a  shot  was  fired.  Colonel  Minty  was  found;  the  orders  were, 
instructing  him  that  the  line  of  battle  was  being  changed  and  to  come 
in  a  little  closer,  and  as  the  sun  rose  bright  and  clear  on  the  morning 
of  the  19th,  the  bugle  call  of  ''boots  and  saddles,"  from  regiment  to  regi- 
ment, echoed  and  re-echoed  among  the  hills  and  mountains  at  Blue 
Bird  Gap.  My  comrades,  the  scene  that  presented  itself  to  our  gaze  on 
the  morning  of  September  20,  '63,  I  think,  simply  baffles  description. 


346  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

What  a  grand  rush  and  charge  in  overwhelming  numbers  the  enemy 
made,  battery  after  battery  was  quickly  taken,  although  the  most  heroic 
efforts  were  made  to  hold  the  guns.  Our  own  regimental  line,  formed 
to  resist  the  attack,  was  pierced  in  several  places,  the  enemy  taking 
position  in  our  rear,  behind  the  trees,  and  firing  at  us  as  we  fell  back 
to  form  a  new  line,  of  which  we  formed  several  in  our  vain  efforts  to  check 
the  retreat.  But  notwithstanding  all  this  great  confusion  and  carnage, 
we  left  the  field  with  a  compact  organization  and  a  column  practically  un- 
broken, and  were  soon  admirably  posted  in  the  valley  near  Lookout 
Mountain,  where  at  the  time  some  of  us,  at  least,  thought  that  Wheeler 
with  his  cavalry  would  come  sweeping  down  upon  us  in  an  effort  to  take 
Chattanooga  in  our  rear.  From  that  position  we  moved  into  Chattanooga 
and  occupied  Cameron  Hill.  One  company  had  been  sent  up  on  to  Look- 
out Mountain  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  enemy.  It  was  a  narrow 
escape  for  them,  and  they  succeeded  in  rejoining  us  by  coming  down  the 
rugged  and  steep  side  of  the  mountain  near  the  point  with  their  horses 
from  summit  to  base,  and  reaching  us  just  as  the  enemy  was  closing  in 
o.round  the  town.  Young  men  who  have  visited  this  field  and  been  on 
Lookout  Mountain  since  the  war,  have  said:  "That  story  of  yours  about 
a  company  of  your  regiment  being  cut  off  on  Lookout  Mountain  and  es- 
caping by  coming  down  its  side  with  their  horses,"  as  I  have  described, 
"must  be  one  of  your  fairy  tales  of  the  war.  It  does  not  seem  possible 
that  they  could  escape  in  that  way."  There  are  comrades  of  company  L 

here  to-day,  however,  who  know  that  the  description  I  have  given  is  cor- 

• 
rect. 

This,  comrades,  is  something  of  our  experience  in  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga.  Time  will  not  permit  me  to  go  more  into  detail. 

We  were  mustered  into  the  service  as  a  regiment  on  August  22,  1862. 
Young,  untried,  no  experience  whatever  as  soldiers,  but  full  of  patriotic 
fervor,  the  detachments  hastily  sent  from  our  camp  at  Carlisle  to  Antie- 
tam  performed  the  duty  assigned  them  there  better  than,  at  the  time, 
they  thought  they  did.  This  has  been  amply  testified  to  by  competent 
authority  long  ago.  An  unfortunate  event,  however,  occurred  in  our 
Antietam  experience.  I  refer  to  the  capture  of  our  commander  and  or- 
ganizer, Colonel  Palmer.  Had  he  been  successful  in  his  last  mission  into 
the  enemy's  lines,  and  been  able  to  return  to  us  at  once,  I  believe  that, 
after  these  many  years  we  can  agree,  much  if  not  all  of  the  trouble  and 
disappointment  and  spirit  of  discontent  that  befell  us  as  a  regiment  dur- 
ing the  succeeding  two  or  three  months,  would  have  been  avoided,  be- 
cause it  is  fair  to  presume,  in  the  light  of  subsequent  events  in  our  regi- 
mental history,  that  we  would  have  been  speedily  perfectly  organized;  and 
as  a  well-organized  and  equipped  regiment  of  cavalry,  had  we  arrived  at 
Nashville,  as  we  did,  on  the  eve  of  the  movement  of  General  Rosecrans 
against  Bragg— instead  of  two  hundred  and  seventy-two  men  mounting 
their  horses  on  the  26th  of  December,  1862,  and  eventually  becoming  the 
advance  of  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  in  the  Stone 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  347 

River  campaign— in  my  opinion  the  regiment  in  its  entirety  would  have 
gone  just  wherever  it  was  ordered  to  go.  To  say  less  than  this  would 
be  to  reflect  unjustly  on  the  patriotic  spirit,  discipline  and  bravery  of  men 
who  were  tried  in  the  fire  of  battle  on  many  fields,  and  never  found  want- 
ing in  any  of  these  necessary  attributes  of  the  true  Union  soldier.  Stone 
River  was  a  dear  experience  for  us,  and  December  29,  1862,  just  beyond 
Overall  Creek,  towards  Murfreesboro,  will  never  be  forgotten;  for,  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye,  as  it  were,  nearly  one-third  of  our  number  engaged 
were  either  killed,  wounded  or  captured,  and  among  the  dead  were  found 
both  of  our  majors  who  commanded  in  that  brave  but  unfortunate  charge. 

Then  came  the  period  of  reconstruction,  reorganization.  All  I  need  say 
is  that  it  was  grandly  accomplished,  and  during  the  time  that  the  army  lay 
at  Murfreesboro  we  were  frequently  called  upon  and  rendered  efficient 
service,  and  when,  at  last,  towards  the  close  of  June,  1863,  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  moved  out  on  the  Chickamauga  campaign,  the  Fifteenth 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  as  enthusiastic  and  perfectly  an  organized  fegi- 
ment  of  cavalry  as  could  be  found  anywhere  in  the  armies  of  the  Union, 
with  colors  flying,  was  found  in  its  appropriate  place.  From  that  time 
forward,  until  the  close  of  the  war  and  the  pursuit  of  Jefferson  Davis  and 
our  final  muster  out  at  Nashville,  on  June  21,  1865— under  Colonel  Palmer 
until  his  promotion,  and  afterwards  Lieutenant  Colonel  Betts,  who  suc- 
ceeded him  in  the  command— the  history  of  our  regiment  is  the  story  of  a 
succession  of  brilliant  movements,  well  planned  expeditions,  and  suc- 
cessful skirmishes  and  battles,  that,  for  able  direction  on  the  part  of  its 
officers  and  bravery  and  endurance  on  the  part  of  its  men,  will  compare 
favorably,  nay,  is  unsurpassed,  by  that  of  any  other  cavalry  regiment  of 
the  war  on  either  side. 

I  have  already  referred  to  the  Chickamauga  campaign.  After  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga  came  the  siege  of  Chattanooga,  and  very  soon  we  were 
cent  to  the  Sequatchie  Valley  to  protect  the  corn  and  provisions  there 
until  they  could  be  gathered  together  and  taken  to  Chattanooga  for  the 
support  of  the  army.  From  that  valley  the  regiment  moved  early  in  De- 
cember to  assist  in  the  defense  of  Knoxville,  and  for  two  months  were 
actively  engaged  in  our  first  East  Tennessee  campaign.  I  regret  that  I 
cannot  speak  from  personal  experience  of  the  service  rendered  in  this 
campaign.  The  company  to  which  I  belonged  had  been  sent  to  Chat- 
tanooga and  arrived  there  just  in  time  to  be  assigned  to  duty,  with  the 
other  companies  already  there,  in  the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge.  We  re- 
turned .to  our  camp  at  Pikeville  mostly  on  foot  and  with  no  serviceable 
horses,  and,  of  necessity,  were  ordered  to  remain  in  the  valley.  The  cam- 
paign in  front  of  Knoxville  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  in  our  regimental 
history,  and  I  am  sorry  that  time  will  not  permit  me  to  speak  of  it  in  de- 
tail from  the  record,  but  I  have  only  to  mention  Mossey  Creek,  Dandridge, 
Sevierville,  Strawberry  Plains,  Gatlinburg,  to  recall  to  those  who  par- 
ticipated the  scenes  of  their  great  trials  and  triumphs. 

The  campaign  having  ended,  the  regiment,  joined  by  the  detachment 

23 


348  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

left  in  Sequatchie  Valley,  are  again  at  Chattanooga,  but  with  horses  worn 
out  and  disabled.  We  are  sent  to  Nashville  to  be  remounted,  and  from 
there  again  start  for  the  front,  and  are  actively  engaged  in  scouting  the 
country  in  all  directions  from  Chattanooga,  and  finally  reaching  Calhoun, 
Georgia,  from  which  place  we  are  ordered  on  September  5,  1864,  on  what 
we  call  our  second  East  Tennessee  campaign.  We  became  the  advance 
of  the  expedition  in  force  under  General  Gillem  to  assist  General  Bur- 
bridge  in  his  attack  on  the  Salt  Works  at  Abingdon,  Virginia.  The  main 
body  advanced  only  as  far  as  Carter's  Station,  on  the  East  Tennessee  and 
Virginia  Railroad,  but  the  Fifteenth  pushes  forward  as  far  as  Bristol,  on 
the  state  line,  having  been  engaged  with  the  enemy  not  only  at  Carter's 
Station,  but  also  at  Wautauga  Ford.  We  moved  to  Kingsport  and  there 
the  command  was  divided.  Colonel  Palmer,  with  seventy-five  men,  suc- 
ceeded in  joining  Burbridge  and  the  remainder  retreating  to  Bull's  Gap — 
were  closely  pursued  by  superior  numbers  and  compelled  to  fight  at 
Kingsport  and  Rogersville,  in  which  latter  engagement  the  enemy  were 
so  bravely  repulsed  that  the  pursuit  was  ended  there.  Again  we  are  at 
Chattanooga,  and  are  constarily  employed  in  scouting  for  two  months, 
meeting  bands  of  the  enemy  and  taking  many  prisoners.  And  then  came 
the  battle  of  Nashville,  and  while  on  our  march  north  and  within  sound  of 
the  guns  of  that  great  battle,  we  are  ordered  in  pursuit  of  Hood's  de- 
feated and  demoralized  army.  Rapidly  we  moved  to  Decatur,  Alabama, 
and  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  1864,  in  Mississippi,  overtook  and  de- 
stroyed all  his  pontoon  boats,  together  with  the  necessary  equipments 
and  a  large  number  of  wagons  and  other  property,  returning  to  Decatur 
with  many  prisoners,  after  having  routed  what  opposition  Roddy  could 
offer,  and  completely  defeating  Colonel  Russell's  Fourth  Alabama  Cavalry 
on  the  last  day  of  our  return  march.  From  Decatur  we  moved  to  Hunts- 
ville,  and  if  ever  men  were  tired  and  worn  out  and  needed  rest,  we  were. 
But  rest  we  were  not  to  have,  for  news  of  the  enemy  crossing  the  Ten- 
nessee River  reaching  camp,  we  were  again  on  the  move,  and  on  January 
16,  1865,  succeeded  in  capturing  almost  the  entire  command  of  General 
Lyon  at  Red  Hill,  Alabama,  returning  with  one  piece  of  artillery  and 
more  prisoners  than  we  had  men.  Our  active  service  still  continues,  and 
we  are  constantly  employed  in  scouting,  meeting  and  routing  bands  of  the 
enemy  on  all  our  expeditions.  Before  the  spring  campaign  of  1865,  opens 
we  are  again  supplied  with  fresh  horses  and  again  march  to  Chattanooga, 
and  are  ready  for  our  closing  campaign  of  the  war.  The  Fifteenth  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry  became  one  of  the  regiments  of  the  First  Brigade,  First 
Cavalry  Division,  Department  of  East  Tennessee.  That  division,  about 
five  thousand  strong,  left  Knoxville  the  latter  part  of  March,  1865.  Mov- 
ing over  the  mountains  into  North  Carolina  was  begun  one  of  the  most 
extended  and  successful  expeditions  in  which  we  were  ordered  to  take 
part.  We  proceeded  north  as  far  as  Wytheville  and  Christiansburg,  Vir- 
ginia, and  one  battalion  of  the  Fifteenth  as  far  as  Lynchburg,  making  a 
demonstration  that  struck  consternation  and  confusion  into  the  ranks 


n 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  349 

of  the  enemy,  occurring,  as  it  did,  just  about  the  time  Grant  was  closing 
in  around  Lee  at  Appomattox.  From  there  we  marched  south  through 
Patrick  and  Henry  Court  Houses,  Virginia,  to  Salem,  Salisbury,  States- 
ville,  Lincolnton,  Rutherfordton,  Asheville,  North  Carolina,  destroying 
railroads  and  burning  bridges  to  cut  oft0  Lee's  communications  and  render 
his  retreat  impossible.  At  Asheville  orders  were  received  to  start  in  the 
pursuit  of  Davis  at  once.  General  Palmer  took  command  of  the  division 
and  the  pursuit  was  pushed  with  vigor.  From  Asheville  we  marched  to 
Rutherfordton  again,  and  from  there  to  Spartansburg,  Abbeville  and 
Anderson  Court  House,  South  Carolina;  then  across  the  Savannah  River 
to  Athens  and  Madison,  Georgia,  to  Montgomery  and  Huntsville,  Ala- 
bama, and  finally  to  Nashville,  where  our  service  closed. 

During  all  this  grand  campaign  of  five  thousand  cavalry,  the  Fifteenth 
Pennsylvania  performed  its  share  of  duty  under  Colonel  Betts,  in  a  man- 
ner to  win  the  admiration  and  commendation  of  the  government  it  had 
sworn  to  uphold  and  defend.  What  a  grand  campaign  it  was!  It  would 
require  much  time  to  give  all  the  details  of  the  movements  in  which  our 
regiment  took  part,  from  its  beginning  to  its  close,  and  after  these  many 
years  it  must  seem  to  all  of  us  more  like  romance  than  reality. 

My  comrades,  this,  briefly  and  I  know  very  indifferently  told,  is  the 
story  of  our  soldier  life.  During  our  nearly  three  years  of  service  we  met 
with  reverses  and  we  had  our  losses.  Our  dead  were  left  along  our  line 
of  march  and  on  our  scouts,  and  on  the  fields  of  our  skirmishes  and 
battles,  from  Antietam  to  Lincolnton,  North  Carolina.  Some  of  them 
were  killed  and  some  died  of  wounds  and  disease  in  our  hospitals,  and 
some  at  Andersonville  and  other  places  in  the  south.  We  hold  every  one 
of  them  in  honored  and  grateful  remembrance.  Let  me  ask,  "Have  we 
come  to  this  place  to  dedicate- this  monument  in  a  spirit  of  exultation  and 
pride,  that  jn  the  terrible  conflict  to  suppress  the  great  rebellion  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century,  we  were  fortunate  enough  to  be  on  the  victorious 
side?"  Not  entirely  so;  for,  although  the  south  fired  the  first  shot  and 
began  the  war,  and  although  we  ever  expect  to  believe  and  maintain  that 
we  were  right  and  our  opponents  wrong,  still  our  enemies  of  that  day  were 
cur  countrymen,  we  think  misguided,  but  still  our  countrymen,  and  they 
are  our  countrymen  to-day,  and  we  have  the  best  of  feeling,  under  the 
stars  and  stripes,  for  every  good,  honest  citizen  of  the  Republic,  no  matter 
where  he  may  be  found.  We  fought  to  sustain  the  integrity  of  the  Repub- 
lic, because  we  believed  it  to  be  the  best  government  in  the  world  and 
we  belieye  so  to-day. 

And  so,  my  comrades,  on  this  bright  November  day,  so  peaceful  and  so 
beautiful,  in  what  was  to  us,  thirty-four  years  ago,  the  very  heart  of  the 
enemy's  country,  and  to  our  youthful  minds  the  far  south,  we  studied 
and  dreamed  of  in  our  early  school  boy  days,  we  dedicate  this  monument 
in  commemoration  of  the  service,  living  and  dead,  of  as  faithful,  intelli- 
gent, patriotic  and  brave  a  body  of  young  men,  taking  them  all  in  all,  as 
ever  enlisted  in  defence  of  human  liberty,  under  any  government  or  In 
any  age  of  the  world's  history. 


350  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Colonel  Belts  here  called  on  Comrade  Wm.  M.  Murdoch,  who  gave  a 
number  of  cavalry  calls  on  the  same  bugle  used  by  him  during  the  war. 

Colonel  Betts:  I  intend  to  call  on  several  of  our  comrades,  and  now  ask 
Comrade  Judge  Weand  for  a  few  remarks. 


ADDRESS  OF  HON.  H.  K.  WEAND,  CAPTAIN. 

/COMRADES,   notwithstanding  the  fact  that  peace  now  reigns,  and 
that  I  am  just  of  an  age  to  escape  the  draft,  Colonel  Betts  again 

^-^  orders  me  on  duty,  and  as  usual  I  obey  his  command.  He 
has  asked  me  to  speak  of  reminiscences,  a  subject  sometimes  deli- 
cate to  handle,  for  when  one  comrade  begins  to  tell  others  of  his  own  ex- 
periences he  is  apt  to  be  put  to  rout  by  those  he  is  addressing,  for  each 
eld  soldier  thinks  his  own  recollections  the  more  accurate,  and  his  own  ex- 
periences the  most  remarkable. 

But,  to-day,  standing  on  this  sacred  battlefield,  and  on  the  very  spot 
made  memorable  to  us  by  our  own  part  in  the  engagement,  there  is  some- 
thing in  which  we  have  a  common  interest,  and  the  same  thoughts  will  oc- 
cur to  all.  It  is  indeed  a  remarkable  event  in  our  lives  to  thus  revisit 
these  scenes,  after  a  lapse  of  thirty-four  years.  How  different  the  occa- 
sions! Then  we  heard  the  roar  of  artillery  and  the  crash  of  battle,  the 
groans  of  the  wounded  and  dying,  the  charge  and  the  mad  flight.  To-day, 
a  beautiful  autumn  day,  the  air  breathing  quietness  and  rest— these  silent 
monuments  and  torn  trees  are  the  only  evidences  of  that  dreadful  combat. 
We  can  all  recall  our  march  from  Stevenson  with  our  gallant  leader, 
Rosecrans;  our  entry  into  Chattanooga  around  the  point  of  Lookout,  and 
our  exultation  at  the  thought  that  the  capture  of  this  important  stronghold 
had  so  crippled  the  Confederacy  that  the  end  must  scon  be  near.  You 
will  recollect  also  our  first  reconnoissance  to  Lee  &  Cordon's  Mill,  and 
our  bivouac  that  night,  after  a  hard  day's  march  within  the  enemy's  lines, 
and  our  sudden  and  quiet  withdrawal  into  Chattanooga,  when  the  fact 
was  discovered.  The  prominent  names  seem  as  familiar  as  though  we 
had  passed  our  lives  here.  Lookout  Mountain.  Missionary  Ridge,  Crawfish 
Spring,  Pigeon  Cove,  Wauhatchie,  Widow  Glenn's,  Dyer  House,  Lee  & 
Gordon's  Mill,  are  all  names  the  very  mention  of  which  brings  back  to 
some  comrade  an  event  in  his  experience  of  the  days  of  '63  and  '64,  and 
make  us  feel  as  though  for  a  brief  period  we  were  living  over  again  the 
days  of  yore. 

Standing  now  on  the  very  ground  where  we  were  feeding  our  horses 
when  the  disaster  of  the  battle  occurred,  we  see  before  us  the  Dyer  House, 
in  front  of  us  was  the  commanding  general's  headquarters,  and  from 
which  came  the  order  for  us  to  mount  and  endeavor  to  stop  the  retreat. 
To  the  left  of  the  Dyer  House  is  the  ridge  on  which  we  formed  with  drawn 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  351 

sabres  and  endeavored  to  gather  our  retreating  forces,  and  from  which 
the  advancing  columns  of  Longstreet  soon  drove  us  with  the  others.  To 
our  rear  is  the  gap  through  which  we  retreated  in  good  order  to  the  place 
where  we  formed  in  line  and  waited  until  night  for  an  expected  attack 
from  the  rebel  cavalry.  It  was,  indeed,  a  sad  night  when  we  found  our 
way  back  to  Chattanooga,  thinking  that  our  army  had  been  badly  beaten 
and  that  a  retreat  was  impossible.  But  we  did  not  then  know  that  the 
heroic  Thomas  was  standing  as  a  rock  to  hold  the  too  exultant  enemy 
at  bay,  and  that  all  was  not  lost.  Standing  here  to-day  and  reviewing 
the  scenes  of  the  past,  we  forget  the  hardships  and  sufferings  we  then 
endured  and  think  only  of  the  happy  results  of  the  conflict,  a  united 
country  with  the  blot  of  slavery  obliterated,  the  happy  consciousness  of 
knowing  that  victory  was  for  the  right,  and  that  the  north  and  south  are 
again  happily  reunited  in  stronger  bonds  of  friendship,  and  that  in  the 
hearts  of  all  true  Americans  there  still  exists  a  belief  in  that  immortal 
sentiment,  "Liberty  and  Union,  now  and  forever,  one  and  inseparable!" 

And  now,  comrades,  as  we  meet  here  to-day,  our  hearts  should  be  filled 
with  thanks  to  Almighty  God  that  so  many  of  us  are  spared  to  partici- 
pate in  these  ceremonies;  and  to  our  great  State  of  Pennsylvania  that  she 
has,  by  these  monuments,  immortalized  her  patriotic  citizens  who  laid 
down  their  lives  in  defense  of  their  country,  and  for  her  generosity  in  thus 
enabling  us  to  be  here  present  on  this  eventful  day. 


M 


ADDRESS  OF  PRIVATE  A.  M.  STICKNEY. 

'R.  PRESIDENT: — My  comrades,  the  previous  speakers,  have  told 
you  that  they  came  before  you  only  in  answer  to  the  call  of  duty; 
so  it  is  with  me.  The  Colonel  has  called  upon  me,  and  so  I  obey. 
Should  I  prove  an  infliction,  I  pray  you  will  place  the  blame  where  it  be- 
longs, for  this  is  none  of  my  seeking. 

I  am  here  not  as  a  representative  of  those  who  participated  in  the  stir- 
ring scenes  which  marked  this  field  more  than  thirty  years  ago,  but  to 
say  a  word  in  behalf  of  those  who  joined  your  ranks  later.  In  short,  I  am 
put  up  as  one  of  the  babies  of  the  regiment. 

Not  having  been  here,  I  cannot  speak  of  events  connected  with  Chicka- 
mauga,"  but  what  of  that?  We  are  not  here  to  relate  individual  exploits; 
we  are  not  here  for  self-glorification;  but  we  are  here  to  speak  for  the  old 
regiment  as  a  whole. 

While  it  may  be  true  that  I  did  not  cover  myself  with  personal  glory 
during  the  time  I  served  with  you,  yet  I  take  unto  myself  a  goodly  share 
of  the  glory  of  the  regiment  by  reflection,  as  it  were,  for  the  history  of  the 
Fifteenth  forms  a  glorious  page  in  our  military  annals. 

It  has  often  been  asked  why  a  history  of  the  Fifteenth  has  not  been 


362  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

written.  It  would  be  impossible  so  to  do,  in  detail,  for  the  history  of  the 
Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry  is  that  of  all  the  armies  which 
operated  here  in  these  parts.  One  cannot  find  a  movement  of  any  im- 
portance, any  event  of  note,  wherein  the  Fifteenth,  as  a  regiment,  bat- 
talion, company,  squad,  or  at  least,  as  represented  by  an  individual,  was 
not  a  factor.  Their  bravery  in  action  has  been  well  proven  by  the  fact 
that  five  medals  of  honor  fell  to  the  lot  of  our  organization,  and  one  of 
these  at  this  moment  hangs  on  the  breast  of  good  Colonel  Betts. 

Did  we  not  furnish  body-guards  and  orderlies  for  many  of  our  gen- 
erals? Were  not  our  men  called  upon  in  many  a  case  of  emergency,  as, 
for  instance,  when  Blackmar,  Lingerfield  and  one  other  whose  name  I  do 
not  recall,  were  sent  to  bring  up  re-enforcements  in  this  very  battle  of 
ChJckamauga? 

What  you  were  made  of  is  shown  by  what  you  have  done  since.  Have 
we  not  had  four  or  five  of  our  members  serving  as  officers  in  the  regular 
cavalry?  Have  we  not  to-day  three  of  our  men  serving  as  colonels  in 
your  own  National  Guards?  Have  we  not,  at  least,  two  judges  taken  from 
our  members?  Have  we  not  lawyers  and  doctors  and  ministers,  and  suc- 
cessful business  men  without  number?  But  why  go  on  in  this  strain.  You 
all  know  what  the  regiment  was. 

Now,  comrades,  I  must  come  to  a  close;  but  not  before  saying  one  more 
word  about  how  I  came  to  become  a  member  of  your  regiment.  I  was  just 
finishing  a  term  of  service  in  an  infantry  battalion.  With  several  others, 
I  had  not  had  enough  of  the  war,  so,  to  the  number  of  fifteen,  I  believe,  we 
looked  about  for  a  regiment  in  which  we  could  go.  We  found  a  lieutenant 
of  the  Fifteenth  on  recruiting  service,  and  he  gave  such  a  glowing  account 
of  your  merits  and  achievements  that  we  decided  to  cast  our  lot  with  you. 
We  came  and  joined  you  at  Wauhatchie.  I  am  proud  of  having  had  the 
honor  of  being  one  of  you,  and  the  richest  heritage  I  can  leave  my  children 
is  the  fact  that,  i:-.  the  roll  of  hji.or,  the  roster  of  the  Pennsylvania  troops, 
they  can  point  to  my  name  as  one  of  the  gallant  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry. 


ADDRESS  OF  CAPTAIN  BYRON  O.  CAMP. 

COMRADES  and  Friends:— On  the  train  bearing  us  to  Chattanooga 
last   evening  our  distinguished   and   beloved   Colonel,   Charles   M. 
Betts,    requested   me   to   detail  a   few   reminiscences  of  the  early 
history  of  our  regiment,  and  in  so  doing  I  must  say  that  it  is  with  deep 
emotions  of  sorrow  and  pleasure  that  we  meet  on  this  sacred  spot  to  dedi- 
cate this  beautiful  monument  erected  by  the  Keystone  State  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  old  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry.    Of  pleasure, 
because  it  is  always  a  pleasure  to  meet  our  comrades  upon  all  reunion 
occasions;  of  sorrow,  when  we  were  reminded  by  the  numerous  monu- 
ments erected  all  over  these  battlefields  that  thirty  thousand  men,  brave 


.  CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  353 

and  true,  went  down  in  the  mighty  conflict  in  which  they  were  engaged. 
We  may  speak  of  the  ravages  of  time,  of  the  herculean  deeds  of  past  ages, 
associating  great  and  memorable  achievements  with  the  march  of  years 
and  centuries,  but  the  heroic  deeds  of  the  brave  men  who  fell  upon  these 
fields  and  the  valor  of  those  who  survived  the  shock  of  battle,  will  ever 
mark  an  epoch  in  the  nation's  history  worthy  the  memory  of  ages. 

In  midsummer  of  1862,  word  came  to  my  northern  home  that  in  the  city 
of  Philadelphia  there  was  being  organized  a  regiment  to  be  known  as  the 
"Anderson  Cavalry."  Upon  the  receipt  of  this  information  I  went  to  the 
"City  of  Brotherly  Love,"  and  on  the  17th  day  of  August,  1862,  enlisted 
iu  this  famous  regiment  and  was  immediately  sent  to  Carlisle,  Pa.,  where 
upon  the  22d  day  of  August,  1862,  I  was  mustered  into  the  United  States 
service  with  the  regiment,  for  the  period  of  three  years,  at  Camp  Ala- 
bama, by  Captain  D.  Hastings  of  the  United  States  Army.  We  were  im- 
mediately placed  under  the  instructions  of  competent  drill  masters,  ser- 
geants of  the  regular  army,  the  benefit  of  whose  discipline  we  received 
for  two  months.  Before  the  expiration  of  this  time,  however,  or  the  com- 
pletion of  the  regimental  organization,  for  not  more  than  one-fourth  of 
the  officers,  either  commissioned  or  non-commissioned,  had  yet  been  ap- 
pointed, we  were  summoned  to  meet  the  foe  on  the  sacred  soil  of  our 
native  State. 

During  this  invasion  the  regiment  made  a  tour  down  the  Cumberland 
Valley,  passing  through  the  towns  of  Newville  and  Shippensburg  to 
Chambersburg.  Here  we  shouldered  the  musket  as  infantry  and  marched 
to  Greencastle.  It  now  became  a  military  necessity  to  press  into  service 
all  the  horses  possible,  and  in  a  short  time  two  hundred  of  the  regiment 
were  mounted,  presenting  a  bold  front  and  holding  the  enemy  in  check 
until  re-enforcements,  the  emergency  men,  arrived  from  Harrisburg.  At 
the  battle  of  Antietam  one  of  the  regiment  was  killed,  and  our  brave  and 
gallant  Colonel  William  J.  Palmer,  taken  prisoner  while  on  an  important 
mission  absent  from  his  regiment  and  exposed  to  personal  danger.  Dur- 
ing this  battle,  with  a  small  scouting  party,  I  marched  to  Williamsport,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  as  it  was  thought  the  rebels  would  attempt  a  crossing 
at  Dam  No.  10.  This  supposition  proved  a  reality,  for  we  had  no"  sooner 
reached  the  river  than  heavy  cannonading  was  heard  from  the  Virginia 
side,  protecting  their  advance  while  crossing  the  Potomac.  We  hastily 
rode  back  to  Hagerstown  and  informed  Major  General  Reynolds,  com- 
manding the  Pennsylvania  militia,  that  the  enemy  were  effecting  a  cross- 
ing near  Williamsport.  An  advance  was  ordered  and  a  line  of  battle 
formed,"  consisting  mostly  of  militia.  The  rebels  retreated,  making  good 
their  escape  up  the  Shenandoah  Valley  toward  Richmond. 

The  campaign  having  ended,  we  returned  to  Carlisle  the  latter  part  of 
September  and  resumed  our  duties  at  Camp  Alabama. 

The  pleasurable  things  enjoyed  all  through  this  campaign  were  apple 

butter,  peaches  and  many  other  good  things  to  eat  which  this  rich  and 

luxurious  valley  of  the  Cumberland  produced  in  great  abundance.    Within 

our  belts  and  blouses  we  stowed  away  a  peck  at  a  time  of  the  peaches  for 

23 


364  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

use  while  on  the  march.  Having  got  there  first,  we  took  them  instead  of 
the  "Johnnies."  , 

About  the  1st  of  November  the  regiment  left  Carlisle  to  join  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland  in  Tennessee,  and  we  arrived  in  Louisville,  Kentucky, 
about  the  middle  of  the  month.  We  were  immediately  armed,  mounted 
and  equipped.  Here  we  remained  one  month,  drilling  and  acquainting 
ourselves  with  the  new  order  of  things. 

Among  the  many  amusing  incidents,  I  relate  the  "raw  recruit"  trying 
to  ride  on  horseback,  both  horse  and  rider  being  green  in  the  service.  The 
horse  would  plunge  and  try  to  throw  his  rider;  the  latter,  forgetting  his 
spurs,  clung  tight  to  the  horse,  embedding  the  sharp  points  in  the  animal's 
sides,  which  furiousy  charged  across  the  drill-field,  never  stopping  until 
the  rider  was  dislodged  from  his  back  and  lay  sprawling  on  the  ground. 

It  was  here  that  I  stuffed  with  hard-tack,  salt  and  pepper  my  first  goose; 
sat  up  all  night  to  bail  her  tender,  then,  after  a  stew  down  in  the  kettle, 
what  a  feast  for  the  "mess"  was  that,  my  countrymen! 

The  first  week  in  December  following  we  commenced  our  long  and 
fatiguing  march  to  Nashville,  Tennessee.  Time  will  not  permit  me  to  re- 
fer to  the  many  interesting  occurrences  which  transpired  during  this 
tedious  journey.  While  encamped  at  Bowling  Green,  Kentucky,  details 
from  each  company  were  sent  out  to  scour  the  country  in  search  of  the 
rebel  chjeftain,  John  Morgan.  This  was  done  during  a  furious  and  chill- 
ing rain  storm,  not  at  all  enjoyed  by  the  then  inexperienced  regiment. 
We  finally  arrived  at  Nashville  the  latter  part  of  December,  in  time  to 
participate  in  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  where  many  of  our  men  and  both 
of  our  majors  were  killed.  During  the  winter  of  1863,  Colonel  Palmer  re- 
turned from  captivity  and  rejoined  the  regiment,  and  the  organization 
was  then  thoroughly  completed  and  put  on  a  war  footing. 

And  now,  comrades,  gathered  as  we  are  on  this  memorable  spot,  where 
the  blood  of  patriots  was  ppilled  that  a  nation  might  live,  let  us  resolve 
anew  our  allegiance  to  our  country's  flag,  and  say: — 

"Thou,  too,  sail  en,  oh  Ship  of  State, 
Sail  on,  oh  Union,  strong  and  great. 
While  all  the  hopes  of  future  years 
Are  hanging  breathless  on  thy  fate. 
We  know  what  Master  laid  thy  keel, 
What  workmen  wrought  thy  ribs  of  steel, 
Who  made  each  mast,  and  sail,  and  rope. 
What  anvils  rang,  what  hammers  beat. 
In  what  a  forge,  In  what  a  heat 
Were  shaped  the  anchors  of  thy  hope. 
Fear  not  each  sudden  sound  and  shock, 
'Tls  of  the  wave  and  not  the  rock, 
'Tls  but  the  flapping  of  the  sail, 
And  not  a  rent  made  by  the  gale. 
In  spite  of  rock  and  tempest's  roar. 
In  spite  of  false  lights  on  the  shore. 
Sail  on,  not  fear  to  breast  the  sea. 
Our  hearts,  our  hopes,  are  all  with  thee, 
Our  hearts,  our  hopes,  our  prayers,  our  tears, 
Our  faith  triumphant  o'er  our  fears, 
Are  all  with  thee,— are  all  with  thee." 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  355 


ADDRESS  OF  PRIVATE  JOHN  TWEED  ALE. 

COLONEL  BETTS  and  Comrades:— When  a  soldier  receives  orders  he  is 
not  expected  to  talk  back: — 

"Their' s  not  to  reason  why, 
Their' s  but  to  do  and  die." 

At  present  I  am  under  orders  of  the  colonel  to  say  something,  and  I 
must  therefore  obey. 

It  has  always  been  a  matter  of  regret  to  me  that  I  did  not  continue  with 
the  regiment  during  all  of  its  campaigns  after  Stone  River;  at  the  same 
time  it  is  better  to  be  alive  and  thus  be  able  to  regret,  than  to  be  filling  a 
grave  in  a  national  cemetery  as  might  have  been  the  case  had  I  continued 
with  the  regiment  instead  of  going  on  duty  with  Generals  Rosecrans  and 
Thomas.  What  has  been  we  know;  what  might  have  been  we  cannot  tell 
— so  I  am  glad  to  be  here  to-day. 

Lieutenant  Conaway  has  referred  to  many  things  which  very  vividly  re- 
call the  past.  His  oration  invited  reminiscences  from  others,  and  I  am 
thus  reminded  of  an  interesting  incident  relative  to  the  capture  of  our 
Colonel.  During  Mr.  Cleveland's  first  administration  a  gentleman  came 
into  my  office  at  the  War  Department  and  asked  for  his  record  in  the 
secret  service  during  the  war.  He  said  he  wanted  it  in  connection  with 
an  application  he  had  made  for  an  appointment  in  the  consular  service. 
Careful  search  of  the  records  developed  the  fact  that  he  had  been  confined 
in  Port  Delaware  by  direction  of  Secretary  Stanton  on  a  charge  of  be- 
traying Colonel  Palmer  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy  during  the  battle  of 
Antietam;  but  no  further  information  was  afforded. 

I  told  him  that  the  records  were  quite  unsatisfactory  as  to  his  record, 
and  asked  him  for  further  information.  He  then  went  into  his  record 
somewhat  in  detail,  stating  that  he  had  been  confined  at  Fort  Delaware, 
and  that  subsequently  he  had  been  released  by  Secretary  Stanton  and 
paid  for  his  "services  by  the  disbursing  clerk  of  the  War  Department. 
With  this  clue  I  was  enabled  to  obtain  his  full  record.  It  appears  that  he 
and  Colonel  Palmer  came  down  to  one  of  the  fords  of  the  Potomac  River 
and  crossed  over  into  Virginia.  They  went  to  a  farmhouse  to  stay  over 
night,  and  while  there  some  rebel  cavalry  came  to  the  house.  Colonel 
Palmer, -appreciating  the  danger,  advised  his  companion  to  leave  at  once 
and  make  his  way  back  across  the  Potomac  into  our  lines,  for,  if  found 
together,  they  would  certainly  be  detected,  as  they  could  not  possibly  tell 
the  same  story  in  all  its  details.  He  accordingly  made  his  way  back  to  the 
Potomac  River,  took  a  boat  which  he  found  there  and  recrossed.  While 
crossing,  he  was  fired  upon  by  the  enemy's  pickets,  but  was  unharmed 
and  arrived  safely  within  our  lines.  As  he  returned  so  soon,  General  Mc- 
Clellan  suspected  that  he  had  betrayejd  Colonel  Palmer,  and  so  informed 


35G  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Secretary  Stanton,  by  whom  he  was  ordered  to  be  confined  at  Fort  Dela- 
ware, where  he  refused  to  make  any  statement.  So,  as  soon  as  Colonel 
Palmer  was  released  from  Irfbby  Prison  and  exchanged  in  February,  1863, 
he  wrote  to  Secretary  Stanton  stating  that  his  life  was  no  doubt  saved  by 
the  refusal  of  this  man  (I  cannot  recall  his  name)  to  say  anything  about 
his  adventures,  for,  if  he  had  done  so,  it  would  have  been  published  in 
the  papers  and  immediately  sent  to  Richmond  by  sympathizers,  and 
Colonel  Palmer's  fate  would  thus  have  been  sealed. 

The  story  of  Colonel  Palmer's  capture  and  imprisonment  was  pub- 
lished in  Harper's  Magazine  for  June,  1867,  under  the  title:  "A  General's 
Story."  I  know  you  will  be  glad  to  hear  this  supplemental  statement. 

As  I  am  to  accept  the  Pennsylvania  monuments  next  Monday,  at  Or- 
chard Knob,  on  behalf  of  the  government,  I  will  reserve  until  that  time 
any  further  remarks  which  otherwise  would  be  appropriate  on  this  oc- 
casion. 


The  exercises  closed  with  the  singing  of  the  hymn  "America,"  and 
taps  sounded  by  Comrade  Murdoch,  after  which  the  members  and 
friends  attending  were  grouped  and  photographed. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  REGIMENT. 

IN  the  early  part  of  August,  1862,  William  J.  Palmer  received  authority 
from  the  Secretary  of  War  to  recruit  a  battalion  of  cavalry,  which 
was  subsequently  extended  to  recruit  a  full  regiment.  Recruiting 
offices  were  opened  in  Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh,  and  other  parts  of  the 
State,  and  before  the  end  of  the  month,  nearly  a  thousand  men  were  in 
the  camp  of  rendezvous  at  Carlisle,  and  mustered  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States.  A  company,  known  as  the  Anderson  Troop,  had  been 
previously  recruited  by  Captain  Palmer,  to  serve  as  body  guard  to  Gen- 
eral Anderson.  It  was  understood  that  the  new  regiment,  which  he  was 
authorized  to  recruit,  should  be  employed  on  similar  duty.  Accordingly, 
especial  care  was  taken  to  obtain  a  select  body,  and  in  its  ranks  were 
young  men  from  some  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  influential  families  in 
the  Commonwealth.  Officers  of  the  Troop  were  placed  in  charge  of  the 
companies,  and  with  the  aid  of  officers  from  the  Regular  Cavalry  sta- 
tioned at  Carlisle,  the  drill  of  the  regiment  was  vigorously  prosecuted. 

Early  in  September,  the  enemy,  fresh  from  his  triumphs  at  Bull  Run, 
began  to  cross  the  Potomac  in  force.  The  regiment  was,  accordingly, 
ordered  to  remain  in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  and  two  hundred  and  fifty 
picked  men,  with  three  days'  rations,  and  thirty-six  rounds  of  ammuni- 
tion per  man,  were  ordered  to  the  front.  Proceeding  by  rail  to  Green- 

•Extmct  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  357 

castle,  parties  were  sent  out  in  all  directions  to  procure  horses,  the  com- 
mand as  yet  not  having  been  mounted.  One  hundred  and  fifty  were  ob- 
tained, and  all  the  roads  leading  from  the  south  were  picketed,  the  enemy 
being  in  strong  force  at  Hagerstown.  Skirmishing  took  place  on  the 
12th  and  13th,  and  the  pickets  were  twice  driven,  but  by  keeping  up  a  bold 
front,  the  enemy  was  prevented  from  following  up  his  advantage,  sup- 
posing, no  doubt,  that  the  pickets  were  well  supported.  Indeed,  General 
Longstreet,  while  in  possession  of  Hagerstown,  reported  to  General  Lee, 
that  "had  he  not  found  swarms  of  Yankee  cavalry  in  his  front,  he  would 
have  advanced  further  into  the  State."  The  detachment  really  had  no 
support  nearer  than  Chambersburg,  and  on  the  15th,  the  dismounted  men 
wero  sent  to  that  place.  On  the  same  day,  learning  that  the  enemy  was 
leaving  Hagerstown,  the  detachment  was  collected,  and  moving  forward 
in  a  body,  charged  through  the  town,  capturing  thirty  rebel  stragglers. 
It  then  advanced  to  Jones'  Cross  Roads,  on  the  Sharpsburg  Pike,  where 
it  remained  during  the  night  in  readiness  for  an  attack,  and  during  the 
17th,  while  the  battle  of  Antietam  was  in  progress,  was  employed  in 
bringing  up  stragglers  and  scouting,  losing  one  man  killed.  'On  the 
day  following  the  battle,  Captain  Palmer,  while  within  the  enemy's  lines 
in  disguise,  in  the  discharge  of  a  dangerous  and  difficult  duty,  by  order 
of  the  commanding  General,  was  taken  prisoner  and  sent  to  Richmond, 
where,  for  several  months,  he  endured  the  privations  of  rebel  durance. 
On  the  20th,  the  detachment  led  the  advance  of  the  Pennsylvania  Militia, 
under  General  Reynolds,  to  Williamsport,  and  on  the  following  day,  the 
enemy  having  made  good  his  escape,  returned  to  Greencastle,  delivering 
the  horses  to  their  owners,  and  thence  to  their  camp  at  Carlisle. 

Up  to  this  time,  none  but  temporary  organizations  had  been  made,  the 
men  relying  on  Captain  Palmer  to  select  officers  of  ability  and  experience 
to  lead  them,  having,  by  the  terms  of  their  enlistment,  waived  the  right 
to  choose  their  own  officers.  His  capture,  at  this  critical  juncture, 
proved  a  great  misfortune,  as  the  command  was  left  without  a  head. 
On  the  1st  of  October,  William  Spencer,  First  Lieutenant  of  the  Troop, 
was  commissioned  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Adolph  G.  Rosengarten,  and 
Frank  B.  Ward,  Majors,  and  the  regiment  was  organized  in  ten  com- 
panies. A  full  list  of  company  officers  was  presented  to  the  proper  au- 
thorities for  appointment,  but  only  eleven  of  these  were  commissioned. 
On  the  7th  of  November,  the  regiment  moved  by  rail  to  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, where,  upon  its  arrival,  it  went  into  camp,  and  was  mounted.  A 
month  later  it  was  ordered  forward  to  Nashville,  where  the  main  army, 
now  under  command  of  General  Rosecrans,  was  assembled.  At  this 
time,  the  command  had  seven  field  and  staff  officers,  twelve  line,  and 
about  two-thirds  of  its  complement  of  non-commissioned  officers.  On 
the  25th,  a  detachment  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  men  was  sent  out  as 
guard  to  a  foraging  train,  and  while  b'eyond  the  lines,  on  the  Hillsboro 
Pike,  was  attacked,  and  one  man  killed;  but  the  enemy  was  beaten  back, 
and  the  laden  train  brought  safely  in. 

The  army  was  now  upon  the  eve  of  advancing  to  meet  Bragg,  in  the 


358  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

battle  of  Stone  River.  On  the  26th,  an  order  was  Issued  for  the  regiment 
to  advance  with  General  Stanley's  Division  of  Cavalry.  Much  dissatis- 
faction had  prevailed  previous  to  leaving  Louisville,  on  account  of  the 
want  of  officers,  and  the  lack  of  efficiency  in  the  organization;  but  the 
men  had  determined  to  march  to  Nashville,  and  there  lay  their  grievances 
before  General  Rosecrans,  all  appeals  to  Governor  Curtin,  and  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  having  proved  fruitless.  Rosecrans  was  now  busy 
v/ith  the  movement  of  his  forces,  and  could  not  be  seen.  With  only  a 
single  commissioned  officer  to  the  company,  the  command  was  really 
in  no  condition  to  move;  but  the  order  for  it  was  peremptory.  The  offi- 
cers, with  about  three  hundred  of  the  men,  under  the  leadership  of  Majors 
Rosengarten  and  Ward,  rendered  prompt  obedience.  The  remainder,  to 
the  number  of  about  six  hundred,  stacked  arms  and  refused  to  go.  Stan- 
ley covered  the  right  flank  of  the  advancing  army,  and  on  the  27th  came 
up  with  the  enemy,  when  brisk  skirmishing  opened,  and  the  enemy  was 
driven  back  nearly  five  miles.  On  the  29th,  the  command  marched  by  a 
circuitous  route  to  Wilkinson's  Cross  Roads,  where  it  encountered  a  body 
of  rebel' cavalry.  Deploying  skirmishers,  the  enemy  was  driven  a  mile, 
when  a  charge  was  ordered,  and  was  led  by  Majors  Rosengarten  and 
Ward.  Gallantly  the  command  went  forward,  but  soon  encountered 
the  enemy's  infantry  in  overpowering  numbers.  The  struggle  was  main- 
tained with  desperate  valor,  and  at  close  quarters,  the  men  using  their 
pistols  and  clubbing  their  carbines.  At  the  height  of  the  encounter, 
Major  Rosengarten  was  killed,  and  Major  Ward  mortally  wounded. 
The  battalion  was  finally  forced  to  retire.  Major  Ward,  who  had  been 
helped  to  the  rear,  insisted  upon  another  charge,  though  bleeding  from 
several  wounds.  The  attempt  was  made,  but  the  command  was  again 
repulsed.  The  loss  was  thirteen  killed,  or  mortally  wounded,  and  sixty- 
nine  wounded  and  missing.  The  command  now  devolved  on  Captain 
Vezin,  and  with  the  First  Tennessee  Cavalry,  it  moved  in  pursuit  of  the 
enemy's  horse,  which  had  destroyed  a  Union  wagon  train.  All  night  long 
the  march  continued,  but  without  avail.  On  the  afternoon  of  the  31st,  it 
joined  General  Minty's  Brigade  in  a  charge  on  Wheeler's  Cavalry,  led  by 
General  Stanley  in  person,  in  which  the  enemy  was  driven  in  upon  his 
supports.  In  this  charge,  Private  Holt,  of  Company  H,  captured  and 
brought  off  the  colors  of  the  Tenth  Tennessee  (rebel)  Cavalry,  on  which 
was  inscribed:  "Death  before  Subjugation."  At  night  the  command  was 
advanced  and  deployed  in  line' of  skirmishers,  where  it  remained  until 
the  morning  of  the  New  Year.  The  enemy,  who  had  gained  a  signal  ad- 
vantage in  the  morning  of  the  31st,  routing  and  driving  back  the  right 
wing  of  Rosecrans'  army,  had  been  stopped  and  signally  repulsed  at 
evening.  There  was  little  more  hard  fighting,  the  enemy  retreating 
rapidly  on  the  3d,  and  leaving  the  field  in  the  hands  of  the  Union  army. 
On  the  morning  of  the  1st,  the  battalion,  with  the  Third  Ohio,  was  de- 
tailed to  guard  a  train  on  its  way  back  to  Nashville,  and  was  twice  at- 
tacked, losing  four  killed  and  three  wounded. 
In  the  meantime,  General  Mitchell,  in  command  at  Nashville,  de- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  359 

termined  to  compel  the  men  who  remained  in  camp,  to  go  to  the  front, 
and  accordingly  sent  General  Morgan,  on  the  30th,  to  execute  his  pur- 
pose. Upon  the  offer  of  General  Morgan  to  take  them  to  General  Rose- 
crans,  they  were  soon  in  saddle,  and  all,  save  a  detachment  left  in  charge 
of  the  camp  and  the  sick,  were  upon  the  march,  under  command  of 
Colonel  Woods,  of  an  Illinois  regiment,  who  had  been  detailed  by  Gen- 
eral Morgan  to  command  them.  At  Lavergne,  they  were  stopped  by  a 
powerful  body  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  under  command  of  Wheeler. 
Unable  to  cope  with  him,  Colonel  Woods  was  compelled  to  fall  back. 
Famishing  with  hunger,  neither  men  nor  horses  having  had  regular  sup- 
plies for  many  days,  one  hundred  of  the  number  went  into  camp  six 
miles  from  Nashville,  and  on  the  following  day  made  their  way  to  the 
front,  but  the  remainder  returned  to  their  old  camp  near  the  city,  from 
which  they  refused  again  to  move,  and  on  the  evening  of  the  31st,  were 
sent  by  General  Mitchell  to  the  Workhouse.  On  the  20th  of  January, 
1863,  General  Rosecrans  sent  them  a  proposition,  that  if  they  would  re- 
turn to  duty,  he  would  have  them  speedily  re-organized  and  fully  offi- 
cered. As  this  was  all  that  they  were  clamoring  for,  they  accepted  it. 
On  the  7th  of  February,  Colonel  Palmer  returned  from  captivity,  and  re- 
sumed command,  when  everything  began  again  to  wear  a  cheerful  as- 
pect. Horses,  and  a  full  complement  of  equipments  were  received,  and 
the  regiment  was  organized  in  twelve  companies,  with  the  following 
field  officers:  William  J.  Palmer,  Colonel;  Charles  B.  Lamborn,  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel. 

Much  abuse  was  heaped  upon  the  men  who  refused  to  march,  and 
the  wildest  rumors  prevailed  concerning  their  motives.  The  rebel  organs 
throughout  the  South  proclaimed  that  the  Yankee  soldiers  at  Nashville 
were  laying  down  their  arms  by  regiments,  in  consequence  of  the  issue 
of  the  President's  emancipation  proclamation,  whereas,  it  is  probable 
that  not  a  thought  of  this  proclamation  ever  entered  their  counsels. 
Charges  of  cowardice,  and  disappointment  at  not  being  taken  to  duty  at 
the  headquarters  of  the  commanding  General  were  made,  but  the  lack 
of  organization,  and  of  officers,  and  want  of  efficient  leadership,  seems  to 
have  been  the  simple  and  only  cause  of  their  conduct.  While  the  un- 
fortunate situation  in  which  they  were  placed  must  ever  be  deplored, 
and  their  refusal  to  march  condemned,  the  conduct  of  the  men  who  fol- 
lowed the  gallant  Rosengarten  and  Ward,  even  under  the  most  dis- 
couraging circumstances,  and  met  death  in  the  face  of  the  foe,  will  never 
cease  to  be  regarded  with  admiration  and  gratitude. 

Active  operations  commenced  soon  after  its  re-organization.  On  the 
4th  of  April,  a  detachment  of  three  hundred,  with  infantry  and  artillery, 
all  under  command  of  General  I.  N.  Palmer,  scouted  in  the  direction  of 
Woodbury,  the  detachment  having  a  brisk  skirmish  four  miles  beyond 
the  town,  and  on  the  following  day  took  some  prisoners  and  released 
some  Union  conscripts  near  McMinnville.  On  the  7th,  it  charged  a  body 
of  the  enemy  near  the  Barrens,  capturing  eighteen  of  his  men.  Return- 


360  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

ing  to  camp  near  Murfreesboro,  the  regiment  was  reviewed  on  the  10th  by 
General  Rosecrans. 

On  ths  24th  of  June,  the  army  moved  forward  on  the  Chickamauga 
campaign,  when  Companies  B,  H  and  K,  were  detailed  as  escort  to  the 
General  commanding,  and  the  remainder  of  the  regiment  was  employed 
for  courier  duty,  between  the  right  and  left  wings  of  the  army,  under 
Generals  McCook,  and  Crittenden.  The  latter  was  required  to  obtain 
a  knowledge  of  the  topography  of  the  country  in  advance  of  the  army, 
requiring  much  activity.  On  the  24th,  Companies  E  and  L,  while  bear- 
ing dispatches  to  General  Mitchell,  at  Rover,  encountered  a  party  of  the 
enemy  and  dispersed  it,  killing  two  and  capturing  several,  delivering  the 
dispatches  in  safety.  Again,  on  the  29th,  nearly  the  entire  regiment, 
under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Lamborn,  encountered  a  body 
of  rebel  cavalry  north  of  Tullahoma,  driving  them  in  upon  their  intrench- 
ments,  and  capturing  fifteen.  It  soon  after  advanced  with  Thomas  to 
Tullahoma,  the  enemy  retreating.  About  the  middle  of  August,  the  army 
again  moved  forward,  and  until  the  opening  of  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga, the  regiment  was  kept  busy  in  scouting  the  country  and  prepar- 
ing maps  for  the  use  of  the  General  commanding.  During  the  first  day  of 
the  battle,  September  19,  the  regiment  was  on  duty  at  General  Rosecrans' 
headquarters,  guarding  flank  roads,  watching  the  movements  of  the 
enemy,  and  carrying  dispatches.  When  the  right  gave  way  on  the  second 
day,  Colonel  Palmer  was  ordered  by  General  Rosecrans  to  form  the  regi- 
ment so  as  to  stop  stragglers.  The  line  was  formed  near  the  foot  of  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  west  of  the  Crawfish  Road,  and  had  stopped  a  large  num- 
ber, when  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  the  rear  by  General  Sheridan,  mov- 
ing by  the  top  of  the  ridge  to  the  left.  Following  the  rear  of  the  wagon 
trains  and  batteries  to  a  point  twelve  miles  south  of  Chattanooga,  Colonel 
Palmer  turned  to  the  left,  and  formed  his  regiment  across  the  valley,  a 
mile  south  of  where  the  trains  debouched  towards  Chattanooga,  and  sent 
out  scouting  parties  in  the  direction  of  Pond  Spring  and  Stevens'  Gap. 
The  smoke  of  Colonel  Watkins'  wagons,  which  the  rebel  cavalry  was 
burning  at  Stevens'  Gap,  was  here  visible.  Remaining  until  the  cavalry 
of  General  Mitchell  had  come  up,  the  regiment  moved  on  with  the  rear 
of  the  train  to  Chattanooga.  Company  L,  sent  ten  miles  out  on  Lookout 
Mountain  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  was  cut  off,  but  suc- 
ceeded in  making  its  way  through  his  lines,  and  rejoining  the  regiment  in 
Chattanooga. 

Bragg  closed  in  upon  the  army,  Rosecrans  sending  out  his  cavalry 
to  operate  upon  his  communications.  The  animals  were  soon  reduced  to 
a  starving  condition.  Colonel  Palmer  was,  accordingly,  sent  with  his 
cavalry  into  the  Sequatchie  Valley,  thirty  miles  away,  and  encamped  on 
Robinson's  Plantation,  where  corn  and  provisions  were  found  in  abund- 
ance, and  from  which  supplies  were  sent  to  Chattanooga. 

Soon  after  the  battle  of  the  25th  of  November,  which  swept  Bragg  from 
his  strongholds  around  the  city,  and  gave  light  and  life  to  the  starving 
army  of  Thomas,  Colonel  Palmer  was  ordered  to  move  to  Kingston  with 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  361 

his  regiment,  and  join  Sherman,  now  on  his  way  to  Knoxville,  to  relieve 
the  beleagured  army  of  Burnside.  Sherman  did  not  cross  at  Kingston, 
but  kept  up  the  left  bank  of  the  Tennessee,  and  Palmer,  consequently, 
moved  forward  on  the  right  bank,  and  was  the  first  to  report  at  Knox- 
ville. On  the  day  following  its  arrival,  General  Burnside  ordered  it  to 
Sevierville,  to  meet  a  body  of  the  enemy,  in  part  Indians,  from  North 
Carolina,  under  Colonel  Thomas.  Sending  a  squadron  under  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Lamborn  to  demonstrate  in  front,  Colonel  Palmer  led  the  main 
body,  by  night,  across  the  mountains  by  a  circuitous  route,  coming  in 
upon  the  rear  of  the  rebel  force,  and  by  a  well  concerted  action,  attacking 
at  daylight  in  front  and  flank,  completely  routed  it,  wounding  seven,  and 
capturing  two  of  the  enemy,  fifteen  horses  and  twenty  stands  of  arms, 
and  burning  the  camp.  Captains  Charles  M.  Betts,  and  George  S.  Clark, 
were  among  the  wounded  in  the  engagement.  Captain  McAllister,  with 
two  companies,  F  and  G,  was  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  fugitives,  but  failed 
to  overtake  them.  The  regiment  was  now  engaged  in  scouting  on  the 
left  flank,  and  in  rear  of  Longstreet's  army,  which  was  leisurely  pursuing 
its  way  towards  Virginia,  extending  along  the  French  Broad  River  as  far 
as  Newport,  having  frequent  skirmishes  with  the  rebel  cavalry,  and 
capturing  prisoners  from  whom  important  information  was  gained.  On 
the  night  of  the  23d  of  December,  the  command  crossed  the  French  Broad, 
and  pushing  up  under  cover  of  darkness,  to  the  rear  of  the  enemy's 
cavalry  corps,  captured  a  number  of  his  pickets,  thirteen  horses,  and 
twenty-six  head  of  cattle,  and  brought  them  safely  into  camp,  though 
closely  pursued.  On  the  24th,  the  regiment  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Dandridge,  which  was  fought  by  the  brigades  of  Sturgis  and  Elliott. 
After  a  sharp  skirmish  the  enemy  was  driven,  and  in  full  retreat,  but  was 
timely  reinforced  by  a  brigade  from  Morristown,  and  was  thus  enabled 
to  make  a  stand,  before  which  the  Union  force  was  obliged  to  retire.  In 
the  fight,  a  spirited  dash  was  made  by  Colonel  Palmer,  with  ninety  of 
his  men,  before  whom  the  enemy  fled  in  confusion;  but  returning,  he 
was  fired  on  by  a  party  in  concealment,  and  ten  of  his  men  were  dis- 
mounted and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  foe.  Captain  Washington  Airey 
was  among  these,  and  for  fourteen  months  endured  the  hardships  and 
privations  of  imprisonment,  being  finally  released  to  die  of  disease  con- 
tracted thereby.  The  entire  loss  was  seventy-five  in  killed,  wounded, 
and  prisoners.  On  the  29th,  a  sharp  engagement  occurred  at  Mossey 
Creek,  and  after  a  contest  lasting  six  hours,  the  enemy  was  handsomely 
repulsed,.  Two  spirited  charges  were  made  by  the  Fifteenth,  gaining  and 
holding  an  important  position  on  the  field,  for  which  it  was  complimented 
by  General  Sturgis.  It  lost  one  officer,  Lieutenant  and  Acting  Adjutant 
Harvey  S.  Lingle,  killed,  and  five  men  wounded. 

Longstreet  having  put  his  army  in  winter-quarters  near  Russellville, 
was  sending  his  cavalry  back  to  the  rich  cornfields  of  the  French  Broad 
Valley,  for  supplies.  The  Fifteenth  had  become  expert  in  scouting  to 
ascertain  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  and  to  harass  his  foraging  parties. 
It  was,  accordingly,  posted  at  Dandridge,  and  charged  especially  with 


362  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

this  duty.  For  two  weeks  it  scouted  the  whole  country  on  the  enemy's 
flank,  coming  down  upon  him  at  the  most  unexpected  moments,  marching 
day  and  night,  picking  up  prisoners,  and  gathering  stock  almost  within 
the  limits  of  rebel  encampments.  On  the  13th  of  January,  1863,  while  in 
camp  opposite  Dandridge,  Colonel  Palmer  learned  that  Brigadier  General 
Vance,  with  a  force  of  three  hundred  cavalry  and  dismounted  Indians, 
with  two  pieces  of  artillery,  had  advanced  from  North  Carolina,  and 
entered  Sevierville,  twelve  miles  in  Colonel  Palmer's  rear,  capturing 
twenty  wagons  loaded  with  wheat  belonging  to  the  army  at  Knoxville, 
and  twenty  prisoners.  Though  a  brigade  of  rebel  cavalry  was  in  his 
front,  threatening  an  attack,  Colonel  Palmer  determined  to  go  in  pursuit 
of  Vance.  Accordingly,  heading  a  party  of  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  men,  and  leaving  his  pickets  out  to  deceive  the  enemy  in  his  front, 
he  started  on  his  daring  mission.  On  the  way,  he  learned  that  Vance's 
forces  had  been  divided,  one  party,  including  the  Indians,  going  towards 
North  Carolina,  the  other,  headed  by  Vance  himself,  with  the  captured 
train,  taking  a  back  mountain  road  towards  Newport.  After  a  march 
of  thirty  miles,  Palmer  came  up  with  the  latter  party  at  a  point  about 
eight  miles  from  Newport,  and  by  a  bold  charge  with  the  sabre,  captured 
the  general,  two  of  his  staff  officers,  a  lieutenant,  fifty  men,  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  horses,  the  general's  ambulance  filled  with  captured 
medical  stores,  re-captured  the  entire  wagon  train  and  prisoners,  and 
brought  all  back  safely  to  Sevierville.  For  his  gallantry  in  this  affair, 
Colonel  Palmer  was  strongly  recommended  by  General  Foster,  in  com- 
mand at  Knoxville,  seconded  by  Generals  Sturgis  and  Elliott,  for  pro- 
motion. 

On  the  24th,  Colonel  Palmer's  command,  temporarily  reinforced  by 
Colonel  Brownlow's  First  Tennessee  Cavalry,  made  an  expedition  into 
the  enemy's  foraging  ground,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Pigeon  River, 
and  captured  a  train  of  eighteen  wagons,  ninety  mules,  and  seventy- 
two  of  the  enemy,  including  a  captain,  and  three  lieutenants,  losing 
one  man  killed.  The  country  around  had  become  very  familiar  to  the  men 
of  Colonel  Palmer's  command,  and  full  reliance  was  placed  in  them  for 
information  by  which  the  movement  of  heavy  bodies  of  troops  were 
guided.  They  were  kept  constantly  upon  the  move.  The  plan  of  the  con- 
siderable engagement  at  Fair  Garden,  on  the  28th,  in  which  three  steel 
guns,  and  one  hundred  prisoners  were  taken,  was  based  upon  Information 
of  the  enemy's  position  and  strength,  furnished  by  scouting  parties  of  the 
Fifteenth.  On  the  following  day,  Colonel  Palmer,  by  taking  a  flank  trail 
in  following  the  retreating  rebels,  discovered  that  they  had  been  rein- 
forced, and  by  timely  warning  to  the  main  Union  force,  saved  it  from 
disaster.  The  campaign  having  now  ended,  the  regiment  returned  by 
easy  marches  to  Chattanooga,  where  it  arrived  on  the  llth  of  February, 
and  was  joined  by  a  part  of  the  regiment  which  had  been  left  at  the 
camp  in  Sequatchie  Valley.  During  the  three  succeeding  months,  the 
command  was  kept  busy  in  scouting  on  the  flank  of  the  enemy  holding 
position  on  Tunnel  Hill,  Buzzard's  Roost,  and  Dalton.  In  reconnois- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  363 

sances  to  Lafayette,  Summerville,  Alpine  and  Lookout  Valley,  it  gained 
important  information,  and  captured  some  prisoners. 

By  the  hard  service  during  the  fall  and  winter,  the  horses  had  become 
completely  worn  out,  and  on  the  4th  of  May,  as  the  army  was  about 
breaking  camp  for  the  spring  campaign,  the  regiment  was  ordered  to 
Nashville,  to  remount  and  refit.  It  was  August  before  the  requisite 
horses,  arms  and  equipments  were  obtained,  and  the  command  was  in 
readiness  for  the  field.  In  the  meantime,  the  men  had  been  kept  busy 
in  drill  and  target  practice.  Captain  Betts  had  been  previously  pro- 
moted to  Major.  On  the  8th  of  August,  the  regiment  started  for  the 
front,  but  in  consequence  of  the  raid  of  Wheeler  on  Sherman's  lines  of 
supply,  was  stopped  at  Chattanooga,  and  scouted  to  Red  Clay,  Parker's 
Gap,  and  Spring  Place,  and  upon  the  movement  of  Wheeler  north,  fol- 
lowed him  in  force,  returning  finally  to  Calhoun,  where  it  was  employed 
protecting  the  railroad.  On  the  5th  of  September  the  regiment,  about 
four  hundred  strong,  was  ordered  to  move  north,  to  prevent  the  return 
of  a  force  of  Wheeler's  Cavalry,  which  had  been  cut  off  at  McMinnville, 
and  was  making  its  way  under  Dibberel  to  the  Tennessee  River,  below 
Kingston.  It  accordingly  moved  to  Sevierville,  the  enemy  keeping  up  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  finally  joining  Vaughan  near  Bristol, 
Virginia.  From  Sevierville,  the  regiment  marched  to  Bull's  Gap,  and 
joined  General  Gillem  in  a  movement  towards  Virginia.  At  Jonesboro, 
on  the  3d  of  October,  where  the  enemy  was  encountered,  Colonel  Palmer, 
who  had  the  advance,  was  ordered  to  develop  the  enemy's  strength  and 
position.  He  accordingly  charged  the  rebel  rear-guard,  driving  it  ten 
miles  to  the  Wautauga  River,  killing  one  and  capturing  eight,  where  he 
found  Duke  in  force.  On  the  4th  and  5th  there  was  some  skirmishing. 
But  Burbridge  was  now  in  the  enemy's  rear,  and  he  retreated  rapidly 
towards  Abingdon.  Gillem  did  not  pursue,  as  Forrest  was  raiding  into 
Tennessee,  but  returned  to  Knoxville.  Colonel  Palmer  was,  however,  per- 
mitted, at  his  own  suggestion,  to  make  diversion  in  favor  of  Burbridge, 
and  advanced,  via  Bristol,  to  Kingsport.  Here  a  party  of  nine,  with  dis- 
patches for  Burbridge,  who  had  withdrawn  to  Kentucky,  was  met.  Tak- 
ing seventy-five  picked  men,  Colonel  Palmer  started  to  carry  them 
through,  and  after  five  days  severe  marching,  came  up  with  Burbridge 
at  Prestonburg,  successfully  eluding  Prentiss'  rebel  cavalry,  lying  in  wait 
for  his  capture,  and  attacking  one  of  Prentiss'  scouting  parties,  killing 
a  captain,  and  one  man,  and  taking  twelve  prisoners  and  thirty  horses. 

In -the  meantime,  the  remainder  of  the  regiment,  under  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Lamborn,  was  attacked  by  Vaughan's  forces,  which  had  re- 
turned from  Virginia.  Lamborn  held  the  ford  of  the  North  Fork  of  the 
Holston  against  Vaughan  for  one  day,  and  at  night,  having  no  supports, 
retired  towards  Bull's  Gap,  losing  in  the  skirmish  one  man  wounded. 
On  the  following  day,  while  crossing  a  difficult  ford  of  the  main  stream, 
he  was  again  attacked  by  a  large  force.  The  command  was  in  column, 
along  the  river  bank,  the  enemy  occupying  a  steep  bluff  commanding 
the  ford,  and  the  road  which  led  to  it,  over  which  the  column  was  ad- 

24 


364  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

vancing.  A  company  was  sent  to  the  rear  of  the  attacking  party,  which, 
coming  upon  the  enemy  unawares,  made  a  sudden  dash,  capturing  three 
officers  and  eight  men,  and  so  disconcerting  the  entire  party,  that  it  took 
to  its  heels,  leaving  the  Union  force,  of  only  one  hundred  and  twenty-five 
men,  to  cross  and  move  unmolested  to  Bull's  Gap.  Upon  their  arrival 
in  camp,  General  Gillem  complimented  them  in  an  order,  "for  their  action 
at  Rogerville,  October  7,  when  in  the  face  of  a  rebel  force  much  larger 
than  their  own,  they  crossed  the  Holston  River,  capturing  three  reber 
lieutenants,  and  eight  enlisted  men,  with  no  loss." 

After  this,  the  main  body  of  the  regiment,  and  the  detachment  under 
Colonel  Palmer,  assembled  in  camp  near  Chattanooga,  and  for  two 
months  were  engaged  in  scouting  for  a  long  distance  on  all  sides,  fre- 
quently meeting  bands  of  the  enemy.  On  the  20th  of  December,  Colonel 
Palmer,  with  his  own  and  detachments  from  other  regiments,  to  the 
number  of  six  hundred  men,  proceeded  to  Decatur,  whence  he  pushed 
forward  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  in  pursuit  of  Hood's 
demoralized  troops,  now  in  full  retreat  from  Tennessee,  having  been 
thoroughly  defeated  in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  by  Thomas.  Without  at- 
tempting to  give  the  details  of  this  eminently  successful  expedition,  its 
character  may  be  judged  by  the  following  summary  of  results:  The 
capture  of  two  hundred  prisoners,  including  two  colonels,  three  captains, 
and  eight  lieutenants,  and  the  destruction  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
stands  of  arms;  the  capture  on  the  night  of  December  28,  of  two  pieces 
of  General  Roddy's  artillery,  with  horses  and  equipments;  the  capture 
and  complete  destruction  on  the  31st,  of  the  entire  pontoon  bridge,  having 
seventy-eight  boats,  on  which  Hood  crossed  the  Tennessee  River,  with 
two  hundred  wagons  loaded  with  tools,  ropes,  engineering  instruments, 
and  supplies;  the  capture  on  the  night  of  January  1,  1865,  of  a  supply 
train  of  Hood,  of  one  hundred  and  ten  wagons,  while  on  its  way  from 
Benton  Station  to  Tuscaloosa,  and  its  complete  destruction;  the  surprise 
and  complete  rout  on  the  Tuscaloosa  Road,  below  Moulton,  of  the  rebel 
Colonel  Russell's  regiment  of  cavalry,  Fourth  Alabama,  and  the  capture 
and  destruction  of  his  train,  with  the  papers  and  baggage  of  the  brigade; 
and  the  repeated  defeat  and  rout  of  Roddy's  forces,  causing  their  dis- 
bandment.  The  entire  loss  of  the  command  was  one  man  killed  and  two 
wounded.  It  successfully  eluded  largely  superior  forces  of  the  enemy 
while  on  its  return  to  Decatur,  and  brought  all  its  captures  safely  in. 

Upon  its  return,  the  command  was  ordered  to  HuntHville  for  rest,  but 
on  the  night  following  its  arrival,  Colonel  Palmer  was  directed  to  take 
all  his  available  mounted  men,  and  intercept  the  r<rbel  General  Lyon 
at  Fort  Deposit.  Failing  in  this,  Colonel  Palmer  crossod  the  river  in  pur- 
suit, came  up  with  Lyon  on  January  16,  surprised  his  camp  before  day- 
light, and  routed  his  command,  capturing  his  only  piece  of  artillery,  and 
ninety-six  prisoners,  which  were  brought  off.  Lyon  himself  was  taken, 
but  succeeded  in  making  his  escape,  after  shooting  the  sergeant  who  had 
him  in  charge — the  only  loss.  Colonel  Palmer  led  out  another  scouting 
party  on  the  27th,  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  in  pursuit  of  a  guerrilla 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  365 

band  under  Colonel  Meade,  infesting  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  return- 
ing on  the  6th  of  February,  with  one  captain,  two  lieutenants  and  twenty- 
three  men  prisoners. 

Before  starting  on  the  spring  campaign,  fresh  horses  were  supplied, 
and  the  command  was  completely  refitted  for  active  service.  General 
Stoneman  was  placed  in  command  of  the  cavalry,  and  Colonel  Palmer, 
who  had  been  promoted  to  Brevet  Brigadier  General,  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  First  Brigade  of  Gillem's  Division,  whereupon,  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  Betts,  who  had  been  promoted  from  Major,  took  com- 
mand of  the  regiment.  Towards  the  close  of  March,  Stoneman  started 
on  an  important  expedition  towards  North  Carolina.  On  the  29th  he 
reached  Wilkesboro,  on  the  Yadkin  River,  where  he  had  a  skirmish.  He 
here  received  intelligence  which  determined  him  to  turn  north,  towards 
the  Virginia  and  Tennessee  Railroad,  which  he  fell  to  destroying,  the 
Fifteenth  being  actively  employed  in  this  work.  From  this  point,  Major 
Wagner,  with  four  companies,  made  a  demonstration  to  within  sight  of 
Lynchburg,  Virginia,  destroying  two  important  railroad  bridges.  He 
rejoined  the  command,  after  an  absence  of  ten  days,  near  Salisbury, 
North  Carolina,  having  sustained  a  loss  of  one  killed,  and  eight  wounded 
and  captured.  On  the  19th  of  April,  a  detachment  of  the  regiment,  under 
Major  Garner,  destroyed  a  railroad  bridge  ten  miles  north  of  Greensboro, 
North  Carolina,  after  a  brisk  skirmish  with  the  guard.  At  the  same 
time,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Betts,  with  ninety  men,  surprised  the  camp  of 
the  Third  South  Carolina  Cavalry,  near  Greensboro,  and  charged  upon 
it,  capturing  the  commanding  officer,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Johnson,  four 
of  his  officers,  and  forty-four  men  with  their  horses,  regimental  wagons, 
and  camp  equipage.  On  the  following  day,  a  detachment  under  Captain 
Kramer  met  and  defeated  a  superior  force  of  the  enemy  at  Jamestown, 
destroying  the  depot  and  a  truss-covered  bridge  at  Deep  River.  On  the 
12th,  Salisbury,  North  Carolina,  was  captured,  and  immense  rebel  stores 
destroyed,  when  the  command  turned  towards  Knoxville.  Towards  the 
close  of  April,  intelligence  of  the  surrender  of  Lee  and  Johnston  having 
been  received,  the  division  of  General  Gillem,  now  commanded  by  General 
Palmer,  was  ordered  to  proceed  south  for  the  capture  of  Jefferson  Davis 
and  train.  Night  and  day,  with  the  most  untiring  energy  and  skill,  the 
pursuit  was  pushed.  On  the  8th  of  May,  seven  wagons,  containing  the 
effects  of  the  banks  of  Macon,  were  captured.  "On  the  morning  of  the 
8th  inst.,"  says  General  Palmer  in  his  official  report,  "while  searching 
for  Davis  near  the  fork  of  the  Appalachefc  and  Oconee  Rivers,  Colonel 
Betts,  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  captured  seven  wagons  in  the 
woods,  which  contained  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  thousand  dollars 
in  coin,  one  million  five  hundred  and  eighty-eight  thousand  dollars  in 
bank  notes,  bonds,  and  securities,  and  about  four  millions  of  Confederate 
money,  besides  considerable  specie,  plate,  and  other  valuables  belonging 
to  private  citizens  of  Macon.  The  wagons  contained  also  the  private 
baggage,  maps  and  official  papers  of  Generals  Beauregard  and  Pillow. 
Nothing  was  disturbed,  and  I  send  the  whole  in  by  railroad  to  Augusta, 


366  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

to  the  commanding  officer  of  the  United  States  forces,  to  await  the  action 
of  the  Government."  Two  days  after,  Company  G,  Captain  Samuel 
Phillips,  captured  General  Bragg,  his  wife,  staff  officers,  and  three 
wagons,  which  were  sent  under  guard  to  the  headquarters  of  General 
Wilson.  On  the  15th,  news  was  received  of  the  capture  of  Davis  and 
party  by  Colonel  Pritchard,  of  -the  Fourth  Michigan  Cavalry,  detach- 
ments from  Colonel  Belts'  command  being  close  upon  his  trail.  The  regi- 
ment now  started  northward,  and  on  the  12th  of  June  arrived  at  Nash- 
ville, where,  on  the  21st,  it  was  mustered  out  of  service. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

LIGHT  ARTILLERY,    BATTERY   "B." 

(26th  Independent) 
BROTHERTON  FIELD,  CHICKAMAUGA  PARK,  GA.,  NOVEMBER  16,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OF  PRIVATE  JOHN  H.  KOHL,ER. 

MY  COMRADES  of  Old  Battery  B,  Independent  Pennsylvania  Artil- 
lery, Ladies  and  Gentlemen: — We  are  assembled  here  to-day  on 
this  historical  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  to  dedicate  this  beauti- 
ful monument  in  honor  of  our  comrades,  and  especially  to  them  who  paid 
the  full  devotion  to  their  country.  In  this  great  battle,  one  of  the  blood- 
iest battles  of  the  war,  in  which  you,  my  comrades  of  Battery  "B,"  did 
your  whole  duty,  as  you  did  in  the  twenty-one  other  battles  in  which  you 
fought  nobly  for  your  country  and  the  dear  old  flag. 

I  should  think  I  would  be  a  traitor  if  I  did  not  notice  the  inscription 
which  the  monument  bears.  In  regard  to  the  first  words,  "Twenty-sixth 
Independent  Battery  'B,'  Pennsylvania  Artillery,"  is  radically  wrong.  The 
Twenty-sixth  Pennsylvania  Artillery  or  Muehler's  Battery  passed  out  of 
record  January  5,  1863,  at  which  time  Lieutenant  A.  J.  Stevens  was  pro- 
moted; his  commission  to  captain  of  Battery  "B,"  Independent  Pennsylva- 
nia Artillery,  being  dated  January  5, 1863.  The  Twenty-sixth  or  Muehler's 
Battery,  you  will  all  knowr,  was  then  a  thing  of  the  past,  as  Charles  F. 
Muehler  resigned  November  16,  1862.  I  suppose  you  all  remember  about 
that. 

Secondly,  the  name  of  Captain  A.  J.  Stevens  Is  not  on  this  monument. 
If  any  name  under  Heaven  should  be  there,  it  is  the  name  of  Alanson  J. 
Stevens.  He  paid  the  full  devotion  to  his  country  under  the  very  shadow 
of  this  monument. 

Comrades,  after  thirty-four  years  have  passed  away,  we  still  mourn 
the  death  of  our  beloved  Captain  A.  J.  Stevens,  who  fell  upon  this  field 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  367 

in  defense  of  his  country's  rights.    That  he  was  gallant  and  brave,  doing 
honor  to  the  position  he  held,  requires  us  not  to  prove. 

Entering  the  service  at  the  first  call  of  his  country,  the  battles  he 
passed  through  can  testify  to  those  virtues  which  were  our  esteem  and 
regard.  Thoughts  of  him  will  always  be  pleasing  to  us  who  were  led  to 
look  on  him  as  a  brother  and  protector.  That  we  may  emulate  his  virtues 
and  have  a  record  as  stainless  may  justly  be  the  ambition  of  our  lives  to 
the  end. 


ADDRESS   OF  LIEUTENANT  WM.  F.  LUTJE. 

COLONEL.  BLAKELEY,  in  turning  this  handsome  monument  over  to 
you,  words  fail  me  to  express  my  feelings  in  such  manner  as  I 
should  like.  By  the  munificence  of  our  grand  old  Commonwealth, 
we  are  enabled  to  meet  here  together  at  this  time,  on  the  soil  hallowed  by 
the  blood  of  her  sons,  to  commemorate  their  heroic  deeds  and  mark  the 
places  and  positions  of  our  battery  on  those  eventful  days,  September  18th, 
19th  and  20th,  1863.  After  skirmishing  a  good  part  of  the  18th,  in  de- 
tached sections,  the  battery  took  a  position  with  our  brigade  near  Lee  & 
Gordon's  Mill,  at  daybreak  on  Saturday,  the  19th,  relieving  a  section  of 
either  the  Third  Wisconsin  or  Seventh  Indiana.  In  accordance  with  Gen- 
eral Bragg's  orders,  the  Confederates  were  to  cross  over  at  the  mill  and  at- 
tack our  (Twenty-first)  corps,  but  a  change  in  this  programme  became 
necessary  on  account  of  Rosecrans  attacking  first  on  our  left,  compelling 
Bragg  to  take  care  of  his  right.  During  the  forenoon  the  enemy  felt 
several  times  how  strong  this  position  was  guarded  by  us,  it  being  the 
key  to  our  right  center,  by  opening  on  us  with  a  long  range  battery  out 
of  the  corner  of  the  woods  to  the  right  of  the  mill,  but  found  us  wide 
awake  to  meet  any  attempt  of  his  to  cross.  We  held  this  position  for 
some  time  without  support;  our  infantry  being  moved  to  the  left  to  sup- 
port Thomas.  From  this  position  we  were  ordered  to  the  left  and  went 
into  action  in  the  Brotherton  woods  to  the  right  (east)  of  the  Lafayette 
road,  the  battery  being  left  in  front,  bringing  the  left  section  to  the  right 
into  a  dense  underbrush.  The  battery  moved  about  three  hundred  to 
three  hundred  and  fifty  yards  east  by  northeast,  doing  some  canister  firing 
where  it  halted,  the  right  section  being  unable  to  do  any  firing  on  ac- 
count of  the  underbrush.  The  sound  of  firing  coming  nearer  from  the  left 
and  front  of  the  battery,  no  enemy  being  visible  except  by  hearing  his  fir- 
ing, a.nd  when  about  ready  to  open  on  him,  the  right  section  was  struck  in 
the  flank,  and  our  infantry  was  simply  crushed  and  broken — all  that  could 
be  saved,  was  the  horses,  limbers  and  men.  The  woods  being  on  fire,  one  of 
the  limbers  blew  up,  without  injuring  it,  however,  as  it  had  but  a  few 
rounds  of  ammunition  left  in  it. 


368  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

What  was  left  of  the  battery  took  position  where  the  monument  stands 
and,  with  General  Wilder's  mounted  infantry  on  our  right,  the  enemy  got 
back  into  the  woods  and  stayed  there.  A  marker  is  placed  on  the  posi- 
tion where  the  battery  fought  a  short  time  on  Sunday  forenoon,  in  the 
south  end  of  the  Dyer  field.  The  battery  had  four  guns  in  position,  was 
to  the  left  of  Battery  H,  Fourth  United  States,  Third  Wisconsin  and 
had  the  Seventh  Indiana  on  our  left.  All  these  batteries  were  attacked 
from  the  right  flank  and  front  and  had  to  retire  with  some  loss  of  men  and 
material.  We  lost  one  officer  and  one  man  killed  and  one  officer  and  thir- 
teen men  wounded.  Thirty-seven  horses  were  killed.  Underbrush  and 
woods  is  not  good  ground  for  batteries  to  manoeuvre  in,  hence  such  heavy 
loss. 

Our  battery  has  never  been  beaten  in  open  woods  or  in  field  man- 
oeuvres by  any  other  battery.  Its  expert  gunners  and  drivers  were  hard 
to  duplicate  in  either  army.  The  battery  had  two  hundred  and  seventy- 
one  men  in  all,  of  which  sixty-five  were  veterans.  Two  officers  and  five 
men  were  killed  and  a  number  died  of  wounds.  Up  to  the  Chattanooga 
fight,  none  but  veterans  were  engaged.  Three  out  of  five  men  killed, 
were  killed  by  cannon  balls,  showing  that  the  enemy  had  to  bring  his  best 
against  us. 

I  doubt  whether  the  average  age  of  the  men  was  twenty  years,  and  you 
can  easily  see  that  they  were  a  mischievous  set  of  daring  boys,  who  feared 
nothing.  Part  of  the  battery  was  recruited  at  Erie  by  the  late  Honorable 
Wm.  L.  Scott,  all  but  three  of  the  recruits  being  closely  examined  by 
me  as  to  physical  condition. 

Some  of  the  older  men  had  seen  service  in  the  Crimean  war  and  one 
in  the  Holstein  campaign,  and  a  number  of  the  younger  ones  had  served 
in  the  three  months'  service.  All  these  men  were  drilled  at  a  camp  of 
instruction  in  Erie,  after  which  they  were  ordered  to  Pittsburgh  (at  the 
time  General  Buckner  attempted  to  capture  Louisville,  Ky.),  and  con- 
solidated with  another  part  of  a  battery  recruited  by  Colonel  Housum  of 
the  Seventy-seventh  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  in  Franklin  county,  and 
were  ready  to  take  the  field.  We  were  attached  to  General  J.  S.  Negley's 
Brigade,  composed  of  the  Seventy-seventh,  Seventy-eighth,  Seventy- 
ninth  Infantry  and  our  battery.  We  arrived  at  Louisville  the  latter  part 
of  October,  1861,  and  went  immediately  to  the  front,  where  we  drilled  the 
men  at  the  guns,  had  mounted  drill,  went  to  the  woods  and  made  gabions 
and  fascines,  in  short,  made  .expert  artillerists  out  of  the  men.  We  used 
the  Prussian  tactics,  enabling  us  to  fire  six  times  per  minute,  when  other 
batteries  could  only  fire  four  times,  under  regulation  tactics.  Henry  Lee, 
in  a  letter  of  March  1,  1775,  writes  to  his  friend  that  "they  drill  according 
to  the  evolutions,  etc.,  of  the  troops  of  the  King  of  Prussia."  This  would 
indicate  that  the  Colonial  Army  used  these  tactics. 

When  General  Buell,  under  the  flimsy  excuse  that  if  the  brigade  suffered 
too  heavy  in  some  engagements  the  State  would  lose  too  many  men,  tore 
up  Negley's  Brigade  the  battery  was  left  with  him  until  General  Nelson 
wanted  it  transferred  to  his  brigade  at  Corinth  and,  General  Negley  ob- 
jecting, the  battery  was  ordered  out  on  exhibition  drill  by  Buell;  after 


n 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  369 

which  it  was  placed  in  General  Crittenden's  Reserve  Division  where  it 
remained  until  the  re-organization  of  the  army  at  Chattanooga. 

The  position  in  the  Brotherton  woods  on  Saturday  afternoon  should 
be  marked,  if  possible,  by  a  marker  and  tablet  so  as  to  enable  military 
students  to  understand  the  different  positions  intelligently,  and  if  the  Lee 
&  Gordon's  Mill  territory  is  ever  taken  into  the  park  our  position  there, 
being  also  marked,  would  give  a  complete  chain  of  positions  and  ex- 
plain the  Brotherton  fight  clearly. 

And  now,  Colonel  Blakeley,  I  want  to  thank  you  personally  and  on  be- 
half of  the  Battery  for  the  kindness  and  care  you  have  extended  to  me 
and  it  in  enabling  us  to  perpetuate  the  noble  deeds  and  sacrifices  of  the 
boys  of  Battery  "B,"  or  as  it  is  also  called,  the  Twenty-sixth  Pennsyl- 
vania. 


Colonel  Blakeley  accepted  the  monument  on  behalf  of  the  Commission 
with  some  feeling  and  appropriate  remarks.  And  as  the  sun  set  in  the 
west,  preparing  to  close  that  beautiful  Sabbath  day,  the  Rev.  Comrade 
J.  Thompson  Gibson,  of  company  A,  Seventy-eighth  Pennsylvania,  editor 
of  the  "Presbyterian  Messenger,"  dismissed  the  Battery  and  their  assem- 
bled friends  with  his  benediction,  when  all  left  for  Chattanooga,  never 
to  forget  this  memorable  event. 


HISTORICAL,  SKETCH  OP  BATTERY.* 

rr~\  HE  order  for  recruiting  the  Seventy-seventh  Regiment,  provided  for 

1  eight  companies  of  infantry,  and  one  of  artillery.  A  company  for 
the  latter  service,  was  recruited  in  Franklin  county,  by  Captain 
Peter  B.  Housum;  but  not  having  the  required  strength,  it  was  consoli- 
dated with  one  recruited  for  similar  service  in  Erie  county,  by  Captain 
Charles  F.  Muehler,  and  was  mustered  into  service  at  Pittsburgh,  on  the 
6th  of  November,  1861,  under  command  of  the  latter,  Captain  Housum 
being  promoted  to  Lieutenant  Colonel.  With  the  regiment,  the  battery 
proceeded  down  the  Ohio  River,  to  Louisville,  Kentucky.  After  a  few 
<?ays'  delay.it  was  sent  by  the  line  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad 
to  Camp  Nevin,  where  it  was  instructed  and  drilled.  Towards  the  close 
of  the -year,  it  was  detached  from  the  regiment,  and  was  afterwards 
known  as  Independent  Battery  B.  From  Camp  Nevin,  it  marched  to 
Mumfordsville,  on  Green  River,  the  rebel  General  John  Morgan  having, 
on  the  day  preceding  the  movement,  burned  the  bridge  near  Muldraugh's 
Hill. 

Soon  after  the  success  of  the  Union  arms  at  Forts  Henry  and  Donald- 
son, on  the  16th  of  February,  1862,  General  Grant  commenced  moving  up 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
24 


870  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  6th  of  April,  the  battle  of  Pittsburg 
Landing  opened.  Buell,  who  commanded  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
made  a  corresponding  movement  by  way  of  Nashville,  and  reached  the 
battleground  with  a  portion  of  his  forces,  during  the  night  of  the  6th, 
taking  part  in  the  fighting  of  the  7th.  The  battery  did  not  arrive  on  the 
field  until  after  the  battle  was  over,  and  the  enemy  was  repulsed.  When 
the  united  armies  moved  forward  to  Corinth,  it  marched  with  General 
Crittenden's  column,  to  which  it  was  attached,  and  with  it  participated 
in  the  operations,  by  which  the  enemy  was  again  driven.  In  the  cam- 
paign which  followed,  extending  through  northern  Mississippi  and  Ala- 
bama, it  accompanied  the  main  army,  and  when  Bragg  commenced  his 
march  on  Louisville,  made  forced  marches  with  the  rest  of  the  army,  to 
reach  that  point  in  advance  of  him.  At  Perryvllle,  where  a  part  of  the 
Union  army  met  and  defeated  Bragg  on  the  8th  of  October,  the  battery 
was  unable  to  reach  the  field  until  the  fighting  was  over,  and  the  enemy 
in  full  retreat.  A  vigorous  pursuit  was  at  once  commenced,  and  on  the 
closing  day  of  the  year,  General  Rosecrans,  who  had  succeeded  Buell  in 
command  of  the  army,  encountered  Bragg  at  Murfreesboro,  where  a 
general  engagement  occurred,  in  which,  for  five  days,  the  battery  was 
in  the  hottest  of  the  fight,  doing  signal  service,  and  sustaining  severe 
losses.  For  its  gallantry  on  this  sanguinary  field,  it  was  warmly  com- 
plimented by  General  Rosecrans.  In  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  on  the 
19th  of  September,  1863,  it  was  again  hotly  engaged,  and  here  Captain 
Alanson  J.  Steven?,  who  had  succeeded  Captain  Muehler,  was  killed. 
For  a  time  after  the  battle,  the  army  was  closely  shut  up  in  Chattanooga, 
whither  it  had  retired,  and  suffered  severely  from  lack  of  provisions. 
But  in  the  battle  which  was  fought  at  Missionary  Ridge,  on  the  25th  of 
November,  where  the  battery  again  did  excellent  service,  Bragg  was 
swept  from  his  strongholds,  and  driven  in  confusion  southward. 

During  the  succeeding  winter,  a  large  proportion  of  the  original  men 
re-enlisted,  preserving  it  as  a  veteran  organization,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  recruits  were  added  to  its  strength.  In  the  spring  of  1864,  the 
battery  moved  with  Sherman  on  his  Atlanta  campaign,  and  the  hundred 
days,  during  which  the  fighting  was  almost  incessant,  it  was  with  the 
Fourth  Corps,  commanded  by  General  Stanley,  to  which  it  had  been 
transferred  soon  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  In  the  bold  and  bloody 
assault  on  the  enemy's  lines  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  on  the  27th  of  June, 
Captain  Samuel  M.  McDowell,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  command  after 
the  fall  of  Captain  Stevens,  was  killed.  Upon  the  fall  of  Atlanta,  on  the 
2d  of  September,  General  Hood,  who  had  succeeded  General  Johnston  in 
command  of  the  rebel  army,  moved  upon  the  communications  of  Sher- 
man, in  the  direction  of  Chattanooga,  and  the  latter,  with  the  Fourth, 
Fourteenth,  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth  Corps,  followed  him.  When  It 
was  evident  that  Hood  intended  to  open  a  campaign  in  Tennessee,  Sher- 
man placed  what  forces  he  could  spare  under  General  Thomas,  with 
which  to  meet  Hood,  and  returning  with  the  major  part  of  his  army  to 
Atlanta,  soon  after  commenced  his  famous  march  to  the  sea.  The  Fourth 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  371 

Corps  was  left  with  Thomas.  Wood's  Division  of  the  Fourth  Corps 
reached  Athens  on  the  31st  of  October,  and  shortly  afterwards  the 
entire  corps  was  concentrated  at  Pulaski.  Gradually  the  Union  troops, 
which  were  outnumbered  two  to  one,  fell  back  to  Columbia,  and  finally 
to  Franklin,  where  General  Schofield,  who  was  in  command,  prepared  to 
give  battle.  The  enemy  attacked  with  great  impetuosity,  but  was  hurled 
back  with  fearful  loss.  From  half  past  three  until  after  dark  the  battle 
raged,  the  fighting  extending  along  a  front  of  two  miles,  reaching  from 
the  extreme  Union  left  to  the  right  centre.  General  Stanley  was  wounded 
in  the  battle,  and  the  command  of  the  corps  devolved  on  General  Wood. 
During  the  night,  Schofield  withdrew  his  forces  to  Nashville,  where  prep- 
arations were  made  for  defense,  until  such  time  as  Thomas  should  be 
prepared  to  assume  the  offensive.  On  the  morning  of  the  15th  of  De- 
cember, the  order  for  the  attack  was  given,  and  for  two  days  the  battle 
raged  with  great  fury.  Finally,  the  enemy,  hard  pressed  on  all  sides,  was 
driven  from  the  field.  The  pursuit  was  vigorously  pushed,  and  frequent 
skirmishing  continued  until  Hood  was  driven  from  Tennessee,  and  his 
army  virtually  broken  up.  After  the  surrender  of  the  rebel  armies,  the 
battery  was  sent  to  Texas,  in  conjunction  with  other  troops,  where  it  re- 
mained on  duty  until  the  12th  of  October,  when  it  was  mustered  out  of 
service  at  Victoria. 


DEDICATION  OF  MONUMENT 

LIGHT  ARTILLERY,  BATTERY  "E," 

(Knap's  Independent) 
ORCHARD  KNOB,  TENN.,  NOVEMBER  15TH,  1897. 

ADDRESS  OP  PRIVATE  P.  R.  DONAHUE. 

MY  COMRADES:— The  providence  of  the  God  of  battles  has  permitted 
us  to  assemble  here  to-day,  from  regions  remote,  after  an  absence 
of  thirty-four  years,   for  the  purpose  of  venerating  the  memory 
of  our  brave  comrades   who  died  that  the  nation   might  live;    and  to 
dedicate  this  monument  to  the  sacred  remembrance  of  the  heroic  deeds 
and  achievements  of  the  comrades  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery. 

This  beautiful  and  chaste  block  of  granite  was  designed  by  a  comrade 
of  the  battery,  (Lieutenant  Sylvester  W.  McCluskey),  and  erected  by  the 
grateful  State  of  Pennsylvania  in  pursuance  of  an  act  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Legislature,  appropriating  moneys  for  the  same. 


372  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

The  few  of  us  that  are  here  to-day  witnessing  these  ceremonies  are 
a  sad  and  aged  moiety  of  the  hundred  or  more  bright  youths  that  trod 
these  hills  during  the  years  of  '63  and  '64.  Yet,  we  but  exemplify  the 
stern  and  inexorable  fact  that  Time  is  the  master  of  us  all,  and  we  poor 
mortals  are  at  last  compelled  to  bow  to  His  inevitable  will. 

Comrades,  traveling  as  you  have  the  many  thousands  of  miles  from 
your  homes,  scattered  as  they  are  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  this  great  land,  to  honor  the  memory  of  your  dead  comrades,  reflects 
the  greatest  credit  upon  you  and  for  your  presence  here  to-day  on  be- 
half of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery  Veteran  Association,  I  thank  you. 
We  will  now  proceed  with  the  exercises  of  the  day.  Comrade  James  P. 
Stewart  will  invoke  the  Divine  blessing  upon  these  ceremonies. 


d]    PRAYER  BY  CORPORAL  JAMES  P.  STEWART. 

OUR  FATHER  which  art  in  Heaven,  hallowed  by  Thy  name.  We 
acknowledge  Thee  as  our  Supreme  Commander  and  we  bow  our 
heads  in  humble  submission  to  Thy  will,  knowing  Thou  doest  all 
things  well.  We  praise  Thy  name  that  so  many  of  us  have  been  spared 
through  many  trials  and  dangers  to  assemble  here  for  the  purpose  of 
dedicating  this  monument  that  shall  perpetuate  the  heroism  of  Knap's 
Pennsylvania  Battery  on  this  sacred  and  historic  ground,  made  so  by 
the  blood  that  was  so  freely  shed  by  our  former  companions  and  com- 
rades. And  as  we  stand  before  Thee  with  bowed  heads,  help  us  one  and 
all  to  realize  that  we  ourselves  are  spared  monument^  of  Thy  love  and 
mercy.  May  we  remember  the  havoc  that  was  made  in  our  ranks  by 
shot  and  shell  and  the  suffering  of  our  comrades  in  prison  pens,  on  the 
tented  field  by  the  inclemency  of  the  weather,  and  the  disease  and  suffer- 
ing that  has  thinned  our  ranks  since  we  met  on  this  field  in  the  "sixties." 
We  thank  Thee  that  we  have  lived  to  see  our  dear  old  flag  redeemed,  our 
country,  purified  and  exalted  among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  and  all  men 
in  this  great  and  glorious  nation  of  ours  made  free  and  equal  before  the 
laws  of  our  land.  And  now,  Father,  we  pray  that  Thy  ang-els  may  sing 
over  this  nation  as  they  did  when  Our  Saviour  was  born  in  Bethlehem, 
in  the  land  of  Judea,  "Peace  on  earth,  good  will  to  all  men,"  and  may 
this  nation  be  as  a  united  family,  no  strife,  no  confusion  and  no  wars, 
but  that  a  long  and  lasting  peace  may  prevail  over  all  our  land.  Bless, 
we  pray  Thee,  our  chief  magistrate,  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  all  that  are  in  authority  over  us.  May  they  seek  wisdom  from 
Thee,  and  rule  this  nation  wisely  and  well.  And  now,  Father,  we 
pray  Thee  that  our  exercises,  at  this  time,  may  not  be  marred  by 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  373 

anything  that  would  bring  discredit  upon  us.  May  everything  be 
done  decently  and  in  order,  and  in  after  years,  as  we  look  back  on  this 
day,  may  it  be  a  day  of  grateful  remembrance  and  of  gratitude  to 
Thee  for  bringing  together  these  dear  old  comrades  and  for  permitting 
this  assemblage.  And  now,  Father,  we  are  all  approaching  the  border  of 
the  promised  land,  and,  as  we  pass  over  one  by  one  to  the  other  shore, 
may  we  be  enabled  to  lovingly,  trustfully  go  down  through  the  valley  of 
the  shadow  of  Death,  trusting  ourselves  to  a  kind  and  loving  Saviour. 
And  some  sweet  day  when  we  shall  join  the  great  majority  of  our  com- 
rades who  have  gone  before  in  a  grand  reunion  around  Thy  throne  in 
Heaven,  and  rejoicing  in  Thy  love,  may  we  be  enabled  to  sing  Thy  praises 
forever  and  forever. 

We  ask  these  favors  all  through  Jesus  Christ,  Our  Saviour  and  Re- 
deemer.   Amen  and  Amen. 


ADDRESS  OF  PRIVATE  JAMES  D.  WALKER. 

COMRADES  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery:— As  we  look  back 
nearly  thirty-six  years,  our  memory  gives  to  mind's-eye  a  vision  of 
the  beardless  boy,  blithe,  brave  and  patriotic,  the  boy  soldier  of 
1861,  the  soldier  that  gave  to  the  great  Republic  a  new  lease,  to  his  coun- 
try a  greater  glory,  and  to  her  banner  more  stars.  To  commemorate  the 
fidelity  and  heroism  of  those  men,  to  teach  it  to  our  children  and  to  their 
children,  to  dedicate  and  hand  down  to  the  great  future  this  beautiful 
monument  and  to  commemorate  the  bravery  of  our  comrades  and  our  part 
and  portion  upon  the  battlefields  of  Eastern  Tennessee  and  Northern 
Georgia,  are  we  assembled  here  to-day. 

Upon  you,  the  then  beardless  boys,  now  bitten  by  the  frosts  of  many 
winters,  time  has  left  its  imprint  and  soon  there  will  be  none  to  recount 
the  history  of  our  old  battery.  The  history  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Bat- 
tery has  never  been  written,  and  I  much  fear  it  never  will  be.  A  history 
covering  four  years  with  its  twenty-five  battles,  the  important  incidents 
connected  with  each;  the  tedious  marches,  the  uncounted  minor  actions; 
the  unnumbered  raids;  the  killed;  the  wounded;  the  missing;  to  do  justice 
to  all,  would  take  volumes  to  record. 

The  history  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery  commenced  in  the  month 
of  July,  1861,  when  James  D.  McGill,  afterwards  captain  of  Knap's  Bat- 
tery, erected  an  "A"  tent  upon  the  summit  of  Seminary  Hill,  in  Alle- 
gheny city,  and  commenced  recruiting  men  for  a  battery  of  light  artil- 
lery. Its  service  is  synonymous  with  every  important  event  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  from  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  to  Gettysburg,  and  in 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  from  Wauhatchie  to  Johnson's  surrender  at 
Bennett's  House,  including-  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea  and  through  the 


374  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Carolinas;  ending  at  Camp  Copeland,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  June 
14,  1865. 

Our  assembling  here  to-day  is  for  the  purpose  of  honoring  and  per- 
petuating in  everlasting  granite  the  memory  of  our  beloved  comrades  of 
the  artillery,  who  fought  and  fell  in  the  valleys  and  on  the  mountain  sides 
of  Eastern  Tennessee  and  Northern  Georgia,  and  how  proud  we  were  in 
our  youthful  enthusiasm  that  we  belonged  to  the  artillery.  To  us  the 
cavalry  were  only  "turkey  stickers"  and  the  poor  looked  down  upon 
"dough  boys,"  only  useful  to  pull  our  mired  guns  out  of  the  mud  when 
the  horses  were  unable  to  do  so;  in  our  eyes  no  branch  of  the  service  was 
the  equal  of  the  artillery,  and  no  battery  of  artillery  equal  to  our  own 
battery,  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery. 

Did  it  ever  occur  to  you  what  an  exhilarating  spectacle  it  was  to  see  a 
light  artillery  battery  going  into  action,  to  see  the  magnificent  order  pre- 
served as  they  come  dashing  up,  each  gun. followed  by  its  caissons;  the 
drivers  astride  of  the  nigh  horse,  and  holding  the  off  horses  well  in  hand, 
the  cannoneers  bolt  upright  on  the  chests,  the  chiefs  of  the  detachments 
in  their  proper  positions  on  the  flank;  distances  preserved  as  accurately 
as  if  they  were  on  parade,  and  all  the  time  they  are  tearing  across  the 
fields  at  headlong  speed  with  the  roar  and  crash  of  a  hurricane.  Wheeling 
into  position;  then  quick  as  a  flash  the  cannoneers  leap  from  the  chests, 
unhook  the  limbers  and  the  drivers  wheel  to  the  rear  where  they  bring 
team  and  limber  face  to  the  enemy;  and  there  to  remain  motionless  as 
statues  during  the  action.  And  how  it  cheered  the  hearts  of  our  com- 
rades of  the  old  White  Star  Division,  when  at  times  they  were  hard 
pressed  by  the  enemy,  to  witness  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery  coming 
to  their  support  and  succor,  in  that  cool,  intrepid  and  active  manner,  that 
was  to  them  an  inspiration  of  confidence  and  a  presage  of  victory!  And 
why  this  feeling  of  confidence  and  faith  invariably  reposed  in  us  by  our 
comrades  of  the  old  White  Star  Division?  We  had  been  comrades  for 
years,  and  upon  many  a  hard  fought  field  they  had  witnessed  that  cool 
precision,  that  mechanical  routine  of  duty,  without  agitation  and  with- 
out haste,  that  did  so  much  to  maintain  the  moral  of  the  men  and  give 
to  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery,  "Our  Battery,"  the  much-to-be  envied 
position  in  the  artillery  of  Hooker's  Corps,  second  to  none.  We  were  a 
little  family  united  by  the  tie  of  common  occupation,  grouped  around  our 
guns  which  we  loved  and  reverenced  as  if  they  had  been  living  things. 
They  were  the  objects  of  all  our  care  and  attention;  to  them  all  else  were 
subservient,  men,  horses,  caissons,  everything.  Thence  arose  that  spirit 
of  unity  and  cohesion  that  animated  the  battery  at  large,  causing  all  its 
me~mbers  to  work  together  for  the  common  glory  and  common  good. 

It  was  this,  and  the  cool  bravery,  the  methodical  precision,  and  the 
undeviating  regularity  with  which  you  worked  your  guns  amidst  showers 
of  projectiles,  that  time  and  again  have  fell  and  burst  amidst  and  around 
you,  that  begat  in  our  gallant  comrades  of  the  White  Star  Division  that 
feeling  of  security  and  encouragement  that  was  always  evidenced  by 
them  upon  our  appearance  on  the  field  of  battle. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  375 

Did  it  ever  occur  to  you  what  a  gallant  lot  of  men  our  drivers  were? 
Who  shall  tell  the  amount  of  courage  a  man  must  have  to  enable  him  to 
sit  quietly  upon  his  horse  or  stand  by  his  horses'  heads,  possibly  for 
hours,  and  watch  the  shells  coming  toward  him,  and  hear  the  bullets 
whistling  around  him  and  he  not  allowed  even  to  twirl  his  thumbs  by  way 
of  diversion!  The  men  who  served  the  guns  had  something  to  occupy 
their  minds,  while  the  drivers,  condemned  to  immobility,  had  death  con- 
stantly before  their  eyes,  and  plenty  of  leisure  to  speculate  upon  proba- 
bilities. It  has  been  said  that  they  were  made  to  face  the  battlefield  be- 
cause, had  their  backs  been  turned  towards  it,  the  coward  that  so  often 
lurks  at  the  bottom  of  a  man's  nature  might  have  got  the  better  of  them 
and  swept  away  man  and  beast.  Let  that  be  as  it  may,  it  is  the 
unseen  danger  that  makes  dastards  of  us  all;  that  which  we  can 
see,  we  brave.  The  army  had  no  more  gallant  set  of  men  in  its  ranks 
than  the  drivers  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery.  All  honor  to  their 
memory,  and  here,  beyond  all  question,  our  memory  to  the  valor  and 
heroism  of  the  drivers  and  cannoneers  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery 
should  be  perpetuated. 

On  the  28th  of  October,  1863,  the  Confederates,  from  their  eyrie  upon 
yon  mountain  top,  had  early  in  the  day  sighted  the  one  small  division  of 
Geary's  command  consisting  of  four  small  regiments  and  Knap's  Bat- 
tery, in  all  about  eight  hundred  and  fifty  meruand  officers,  slowly  wind- 
ing its  tortuous  way  down  the  Wauhatchie  Valley,  and  they  promptly 
determined  to  wipe  it  off  the  face  of  the  earth,  anticipating  an  easy 
victory,  and  longingly  waiting  for  the  time  to  come  when  they  could  with 
safety  descend  the  mountain  side.  The  intervening  hours  were  passed 
in  pleasant  expectation,  watching  the  troops  as  they  moved  down  the 
valley.  Every  movement  was  in  full  view  of  the  enemy  and  at  last,  when 
the  little  division  halted  and  encamped  for  the  night  at  the  base  of  the 
mountain  and  near  Wauhatchie,  they  felt  absolutely  sure  that  when  the 
morning  sun  shown  again  upon  that  peaceful  valley  that  all  that  would 
be  left  of  the  gallant  little  band  of  Union  soldiers, would  be  in  their  hands, 
and  the  attempt  to  relieve  the  beleaugered  Union  army  occupying  Chat- 
ty nooga  a  dismal  failure.  Their  unsuccessful  attempt  upon  the  night  of 
October  28,  to  consummate  their  well-laid  plans  has  given  to  us  the 
memory  of  "Wauhatchie."  Wauhatchie!  the  fateful,  the  fearful;  Wau- 
hatchie! the  terrible!  If  this  battery  had  at  no  time  met  the  enemy 
but  at  Wauhatchie  it  would,  to  my  mind,  be  entitled  to  wear  the 
laurel  wreath  of  well  won  victory  without  firing  another  shot  dur- 
ing the  war.  Surprised!  No,  not  surprised.  Awakened  out  of  peace- 
ful slumber,  about  the  middle  of  the  night,  by  volley  after  volley  of 
musketry,  and  yell  upon  yell  of  the  Confederate  infantry,  as  they 
hurled  themselves  in  dense  masses  upon  the  front  and  flank  of  our 
devoted  little  division,  you  met  them  like  men  and,  rapid  as  was 
the  firing  of  the  enemy,  more  so  was  the  rapidity  with  which  you 
rushed  to  your  pieces  and  engaged  the  flushed  and  exultant  enemy. 
Aroused  as  you  were  and  partly  dazed  by  the  sudden  and  impetuous  on- 


376  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

slaught,  it  is  to  the  honor  of  the  battery  that  every  man  stuck  to  his  post 
and  nobly  did  his  duty,  facing  for  three  long  hours  that  terrific  storm 
of  death  dealing  missiles  that  mowed  down  our  comrades  like  the  grain 
under  the  reaper's  knife.  And  how  gallantly  they  do  come!  By  the  flashes 
of  our  guns  they  are  visible,  our  old  opponents  of  the  Potomac,  brave 
brothers,  fighting  for  an  unholy  cause.  We  have  met  before.  These  are 
the  battle  scarred  veterans  of  Lee's  Army  of  the  Potomac,  the  men  we 
have  met  at  Antietam,  at  Frederlcksburg,  at  Chancellorsville  and  Gettys- 
burg,— "Longstreet's  Corps."  They  are  old  friends,  and  with  what  a  royal 
welcome  we  greet  them.  Old  Knap's  guns  speak  out  through  the  dense 
darkness  of  the  night  with  a  tone  that  cannot  be  misunderstood,  every 
gun  belching  forth  round  after  round  of  shell  and  canister  into  their 
closed  and  compact  ranks,  as  with  charge  after  charge  they  attempt  to 
pierce  the  single  line  of  battle  in  our  immediate  front  only  to  be  hurled 
back  each  time  like  the  receding  waves  of  a  stormy  sea  and,  like  the 
same,  leaving  death  and  destruction  in  their  wake.  Loth  to  give  up 
the  contest  and  anxious  to  enjoy  the  glowing  anticipations  of  the 
morning,  they  return  again  and  again  to  the  attack,  only  to  meet  with 
repulse  and  disaster.  Dismayed  and  chagrined  at  their  utter  and  total 
defeat,  they  slowly  and  sullenly  retire  to  their  mountain  fastness,  a  bro- 
ken and  disorganized  foe,  leaving  in  our  hands  all  of  their  dead  and 
wounded.  In  a  fair  fight,  without  any  cover,  with  the  advantage  of  a 
stealthy  night  attack  on  the  side  of  the  enemy,  four  small  regiments 
and  one  battery,  "Knap's,"  all  Pennsylvanians,  have  defeated  and  in- 
gloriously  routed  four  thousand  of  the  flower  of  Lee's  army,  "Long- 
street's  Corps." 

And  here  I  think  it  will  not  come  amiss  to  enlighten  you  somewhat  as 
to  what  our  old  friends  of  the  Potomac  were  doing  about  this  time. 
I  quote  from  Lieutenant  General  James  Longstreet,  Confederate,  South- 
ern Army,  commanding  corps  at  the  battle  of  Wauhatchie.  In  his  offi- 
cial report  of  the  battle,  he  says:  "One  of  my  signal  party  guided  Gen- 
eral Bragg  and  myself  to  a  projecting  point  on  the  mountain 
where  we  saw  the  enemy's  force,  (about  five  thousand), 
file  past  and  unite  with  a  force  already  at  Brown's  Ferry,  the  rear 
guard  of  this  command,  (about  one  thousand  five  hundred),  with  a  bat- 
tery of  artillery  came  up  in  about  an  hour  and  halted  about  three  miles 
from  the  main  force.  As  soon  as  the  rear  guard  halted  I  ordered  General 
Jenkins  to  concentrate  his  three  brigades  on  the  west  side  of  the  moun- 
tain and  cut  off,  capture  or  disperse  them."  Again  he  says:  "The 
troops  that  the  enemy  were  to  operate  against  me  were  seen  and 
carefully  considered  by  General  Bragg  and  myself.  A  force  of  about 
one  thousand  five  hundred  men  and  a  battery  of  artillery  and  a 
few  wagons  followed  the  main  body  and  encamped  about  three  miles 
in  the  rear  of  the  main  force,  and  this  was  the  force  which  I  hoped 
to  cut  off,  surprise  and  capture.  The  division  selected  for  this  purpose, 
"Hood's  Division,"  consisted  of  four  brigades  and  should  have  mustered 
five  thousand  men." 

This  Is  the  only  report  of  the  number  of  men  engaged  on  the  Confederate 


CHICRAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  37T 

side  that  we  can  secure  and  as  the  Confederate  Generals,  E.  M.  Law, 
Jerome  B.  Robertson,  Henry  M.  Benning  and  Colonel  John  Bratton,  com- 
manding the  Alabama,  Texas,  Georgia  and  South  Carolina  brigades,  re- 
spectively, in  their  different  reports  of  the  action,  fail  to  give  the  num- 
ber of  men  engaged,  we  are  compelled  to  arrive  at  an  approximate  esti- 
mate of  the  number  that  confronted  us  by  an  analysis  of  the  organiza- 
tions of  Hood's  Division  and  the  reports  of  the  several  brigade  com- 
manders. That  the  whole  division,  "Hoods,"  was  engaged  is  true,  but 
that  the  brunt  of  the  battle  in  front  of  the  White  Star  Division  was  borne 
by  Bratton's  Brigade  of  South  Carolinians,  supported  by  General  Henry 
L.  Benning's  Brigade  of  Georgians,  is  also  true.  The  organization  of 
the  division  consisted  of  nineteen  regiments,  divided  into  four  brigades. 
Bratton's  and  Benning's  Brigades,  that  made  the  repeated  attacks  upon 
us,  included  nine  regiments.  If  each  of  those  regiments  averaged  two 
hundred  and  eight  men,  and  we  presume  they  did,  as  per  General 
Longstreet's  report  of  Hood's  Division,  viz,  "five  thousand,"  Bratton's 
and  Benning's  Brigades  must  have  consisted  of  not  less  than  two  thou- 
sand and  eighty  men  and  it  is  fair  to  assume  that  there  was  more  than 
that  number.  General  Jenkins,  when  ordered  to  cut  off,  surprise  and 
capture,  would  not  send  in  his  weakest  brigades,  but  naturally  would 
select  his  largest  and  strongest  ones  to  do  that  kind  of  work.  Again,  tak- 
ing Bratton's  report  of  casualties  occurring  (Benning  neglects  to  report 
any),  he  admits  a  total  loss  of  three  hundred  and  fifty-six.  Allowing 
them  the  same  proportionate  loss  as  ourselves,  which  was  one-seventh  of 
the  total  number  present,  we  have  three  hundred  and  fifty-six  by  seven, 
equals  two  thousand  four  hundred  and  ninety-two  men  confronting  us, 
or  about  three  times  the  number  actually  engaged  on  our  side.  That  the 
effort  to  "cut  off,  or  disperse,  or  capture  the  White  Stars"  was  a  dismal 
failure  is  admitted  by  the  Confederates  themselves  and  was  the  inception 
of  an  era  of  bitterness  and  jealousy  among  the  confederate  generals  en- 
gaged that  eventually  relegated  to  private  life  two  of  Longstreet's  brav- 
est and  best  officers,  Generals  E.  Mclvar  Law  and  General  Jerome  B. 
Robertson.  This,  coming  as  it  does  from  our  friends,  the  enemy,  is  a  most 
magnificent  testimonial  to  the  prowess  and  bravery  of  the  old  White 
Star.  Seldom  in  the  annals  of  war  does  it  fall  to  the  lot  of  any  command 
like  ours  to  receive  the  universal  plaudits  and  approbation  of  our  com- 
rades, officers  and  men,  for  gallantry  and  bravery  upon  the  field  of  action 
and  for  victory  nobly  and  gloriously  won. 

But,  oh,  irty  comrades,  at  what  a  cost  to  the  battery  was  this  glorious 
and  eventful  victory  won.  Here  the  life  blood  of  Captain  Atwell  satu- 
rated the  green  sward  of  this  to  be  historic  ground.  Here  Lieutenant 
Geary  offered  up  his  young  life  upon  the  altar  of  his  country  and  for  the 
Union  he  loved  so  well,  and,  for  a  moment  let  us  tarry  in  passing  to  do 
honor  to  the  memory  of  Lieutenant  Edward  Geary,  our  General's  son.  At 
Wauhatchie,  terrible,  his  work  was  done.  And  what  of  those  other  twen- 
ty-four that  dropped  in  that  dreadful  scene  of  carnage  and  strife,  and 
the  IJfe-giying  fluid  of  whom  streaked  and  crimsoned  old  mother 


378  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

earth  for  many  yards  around,  and  whose  bright  young  lives  slowly 
ebbed  away  from  bodies  mutilated,  gashed,  and  torn  by  that 
cruel  and  pitiless  storm  of  leaden  hail  that  they  so  nobly  faced  for 
God,  humanity  and  country?  Allow  me  here  on  this  ever-to-be  re- 
vered ground,  for  the  last  time,  with  heads  uncovered,  to  call  the 
roll  of  those  valiant  comrades  of  ours,  martyrs  of  Wauhatchie:  Wm.  B. 
Robinson,  Patrick  Malone,  Wm.  H.  Thompson,  Charles  Warden,  killed; 
Aaron  T.  Mechlin,  Anson  Williams,  James  P.  Stewart,  Robert  Cornelius, 
Robt.  Corns,  Peter  Cowell,  Henry  S.  Campbell,  Chas.  Dorman,  Henry 
Gillen,  Richard  W.  Hayward,  Henry  Lohmier,  John  Lewis,  David  Nichol, 
Samuel  Simpson,  wounded;  and  how  well  we  remember  them.  How 
well  we  recall  their  forms  and  their  features  as  there  they  stood 
in  the  strength  of  their  noble  young  manhood,  fair  to  look  upon,  strong 
of  mind  and  body,  pictures  of  youth  and  manly  beauty,  courageous  as 
lions,  yet  gentle  as  doves,  and  what  a  lasting  impression  the  scenes  of  that 
night  have  left  upon  our  minds.  Even  at  this  late  day,  the  recollections 
of  how  those  martyrs  to  a  holy  cause  dropped  around  us  one  by  one, 
under  a  fire  so  murderous,  and  so  cruel,  that  it  permitted  no  attempt  to 
succor  or  relieve  their  keen  and  poignant  sufferings,  causes  the  strag- 
gling tear  to  rise  to  our  eyes  and  the  smothered  sob  to  escape  from  our 
breasts.  For  them  no  mantle  of  charity  is  needed  to  cover  the  frailties  of 
their  youthful  natures.  A  sufficient  atonement  was  the  frightful  sac- 
rifice of  Wauhatchie.  Comrades,  they  were,  comrades  they  are,  and  in 
that  great  unknown  beyond,  comrades  they  will  be. 

And  now  in  what  word  of  praise  will  we  speak  of  those  comrades 
who  survived  the  ordeal  of  Wauhatchie,  and  who  so  manfully  stood 
by  their  posts  through  those  three  long  and  almost  interminable  hours 
and  withstood  that  hurricane  of  death  and  destruction?  Memory  fails 
to  recall  words  to  express,  or  pen  to  describe,  the  respect,  the  es- 
teem, the  honor  in  which  they  are  held  by  their  comrades  of  the 
White  Star  Division.  With  their  comrades  falling  around  them,  as  the 
dew  under  the  morning  sun  falls  from  the  leaves  of  the  trees,  never,  for 
one  instant, did  they  falter  in  their  duty.  No  demoralized  condition  of  af- 
fairs existed  there.  It  had  not  occurred  to  them  to  map  out  any  line  of 
retreat.  Oh!  no;  they  were  made  of  sterner  stuff.  They  had  been  taught 
that  a  soldier  should  always  face  the  foe;  this  they  did,  and  thus  they  re- 
mained, and  that  indomitable  will,  and  dogged  resolution,  which  was 
characteristic  of  the  battery,  enabled  them  to  save  the  honor  of  the  bat- 
tery, the  honor  of  the  division,  and  the  honor  of  Hooker's  Corps.  No 
other  evidence  is  needed  to  prove  this  than  the  following  quotations  from 
the  official  reports  of  John  W.  Geary,  commander  of  the  division;  Major 
J.  A.  Reynolds,  chief  of  artillery  of  the  corps;  Major  Moses  Veale  of  the 
One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  other  officers  en- 
gaged in  the  affair. 

Major  Moses  Veale  of  the  One  hundred  and  ninth  Pennsylvania  in  his 
official  report  of  the  battle  says:  "From  three  to  five  thousand  of  Long- 
street's  Corps  were  thrown  against  us  for  the  purpose  of  capturing  or  an- 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  379 

nihilating  our  little  command.  They  poured  into  us  three  concentrated 
fires  from  front,  and  right  and  left  flanks,  but  this  little  band  of  brave  and 
tried  Army  of  the  Potomac  troops  fought  with  steady  and  determined 
desperation,  not  giving  away  a  single  foot." 

Prom  twelve-thirty  to  three-thirty  A.  M.,  this  desperate  fight  con- 
tinued. At  one  time  it  did  appear  as  though  the  enemy  would  gain  the 
i  ear  of  our  right,  and  capture  the  guns  of  Knap's  Battery,  but  by  a  most 
timely  movement  one  piece  was  thrown  across  the  road  on  the  right, 
which  gave  the  enemy  a  raking  fire  and  saved  the  flank.  As  the  guns 
of  the  battery  flashed,  the  enemy  would  pour  in  such  a  deadly  fire  that 
two  commissioned  officers  were  killed,  and  twenty-four  men  out  of  forty- 
eight  were  killed  or  wounded,  and  thirty-seven  of  forty-eight  horses  were 
killed.  At  the  end  of  three  hours  the  enemy  retired,  leaving  in  our  hands 
one  hundred  and  fifty-three  killed,  including  six  commissioned  officers; 
and  fifty-two  wounded,  including  three  officers,  making  the  enemy's  loss, 
according  to  the  statistics  of  most  battlefields,  about  one  thousand,  or  a 
loss  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  more  men  on  the  Rebel  side  than  the 
total  number  of  men  engaged  upon  the  Union  side,  as  per  official  report 
of  General  John  W.  Geary,  who  says  there  were  eight  hundred  and 
filty  officers  and  men  of  his  troops  engaged  in  the  battle.  In  the  same 
leport  he  also  says:  "Of  Knap's  Battery  I  cannot  speak  too  highly.  They 
acquitted  themselves  in  a  manner  deserving  all  the  commendation  that 
a  commander  can  bestow  upon  them,  and  which  I  take  pleasure  in  men- 
tioning officially."  The  guns  of  Knap's  Battery,  from  their  position  about 
fifty  yards  in  the  rear  and  to  the  left  of  Rowden's  house,  were  now  served 
with  admirable  effect,  charge  after  charge  was  made,  but  each  time  the 
enemy's  lines  were  hurled  back  under  the  unremitting  fire  that,  like  a  wall 
of  flame,  opposed  thfm.  The  enemy's  advance  was  checked  by  the  com- 
bined efforts  of  the  artillery  with  its  excellent  execution.  It  was  under 
this  fire  that  the  battery  suffered  a  most  unparalleled  loss.  The  order, 
"Pick  off  the  artillerists,"  was  repeatedly  heard  along  the  rebel  line.  The 
men  and  horses  fell  so  rapidly  that  only  two  guns  could  be  manned  after 
this  attack  and  the  two  pieces  of  artillery  continued  firing.  Knap's 
Battery  contributed  invaluably  to  the  successful  result  of  the  action. 
Nearly  all  its  gunners  were  killed  or  wounded  and  about  two-thirds 
of  its  horses,  but  until  the  last,  all  who  were  left  did  their  duty  at 
their  posts.  No  straggling,  no  confusion,  was  visible. 

Again,  in  General  John  W.  Geary's  report  of  November  5,  he  says: 
"Among  those  whom  in  this  action  were  numbered  among  the  honored 
dead,  were  the  only  two  officers  attached  to  this  battery  present,  Captain 
C.  A.  Atwell  and  Lieutenant  E.  R.  Geary,  who  fell  in  the  midst  of  their 
command,  zealous  in  execution  of  their  duty." 

And  again  General  John  W.  Geary  in  his  report  of  October  30,  says: 
"Knap's  Battery,  Captain  C.  A.  Atwell,  were  also  engaged  and  suffered 
severely.  The  loss  of  gunners  rendered  only  two  of  the  guns  effective  for 


25 


380  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

nearly  two  hours  of  the  engagement.  Ammunition  expended,  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty-four  rounds." 

Gqlonel  Geo.  A.  Cobham,  Jr.,  commander  Second  Brigade,  October  31, 
says:  "I  cannot  omit  paying  a  tribute  to  the  gallant  conduct  of  the  officers 
and  men  of  Knap's  Battery.  The  deplorable  loss  sustained  by  them  and 
their  crippled  condition,  sufficiently  attest  the  gallantry  with  which  their 
guns  were  worked,  and  the  heavy  fire  to  which  they  were  exposed." 

Colonel  W.  Rickards,  Jr.,  commander  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania,  re- 
ports October  29:  "The  enemy  now  made  a  fresh  demonstration  on  our 
right,  and  gained  possession  of  the  railroad  bank,  from  which  they  de- 
livered a  very  severe  fire  upon  us.  Our  efforts  to  dislodge  them  by  firing 
from  our  present  position  proved  fruitless.  1  then  brought  company  C 
and  G,  Twenty-ninth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  and  hauled  one  piece  of 
the  battery  outside  of  the  railroad,  carried  ammunition  and  did  the  labor 
of  the  piece,  while  those  men  that  were  left  unwounded  loaded  and  fired. 
After  two  or  three  shots  we  got  the  range  and  swept  the  enemy  from  the 
bank.  Our  men  were  falling  rapidly,  especially  the  battery.  Captain 
Atwell  was  badly  wounded  in  the  hip  and  spine.  Lieutenant  Geary  was 
killed  by  my  side,  being  struck  over  the  eye  as  he  commanded  'fire,'  after 
aiming  his  gun.  The  officers  and  men  of  Knap's  Battery  acted  nobly." 

Major  J.  A.  Reynolds,  chief  of  artillery,  in  his  official  report  of  the 
battle,  says:  "The  men  behaved  nobly.  Too  much  credit  cannot  be  given 
them.  Although  suffering  loss  of  both  officers  present,  not  a  man,  as  far 
as  I  could  learn,  shirked  his  duty.  All  remained  nobly  at  their  posts, 
ready  and  willing  to  perform  not  only  their  own  duties,  but  in  addition, 
those  of  their  fallen  comrades." 

Major  J.  A.  Reynolds  also  in  a  special  order  issued  by  him  says:  "It 
is  with  pleasure  that  the  major  commanding,  congratulates  the  officers 
and  men  of  Independent  Pennsylvania  Battery  'E'  upon  their  distin- 
guished gallantry  in  the  late  engagement  at  Wauhatchie.  Upon  them, 
in  his  opinion,  rests  the  credit  of  having  repulsed  the  enemy.  Too  much 
praise  cannot  be  awarded  them  for  the  coolness  and  courage  with  which 
they  served  their  guns  in  the  presence  of  almost  overpowering  odds." 

This  should  be  testimony  enough  to  the  valor  of  our  dead  comrades  and 
to  the  heroism  of  a  battery  that  was  one  of  the  first  to  enter  the  service, 
and  among  the  last  to  leave  it. 

Wauhatchie,  costly  as  it  was  to  us,  to  the  Union  cause  it  was  words  of 
cheer  and  encouragement,  and  to  a  discouraged  and  disheartened  nation 
it  presaged  the  dawning  of  the  Union  sun  upon  the  mountain  heights  of 
Lookout  and  Missionary  Ridge,  and  was  the  leading  link  in  the  golden 
chain  of  glorious  victories  that  culminated  in  the  occupancy  of  the  city 
of  Chattanooga,  the  release  of  Eastern  Tennessee  and  Northern  Georgia 
forever  from  Confederate  rule  and  domination,  and  opened  up  the  way 
for  that  series  of  matchless  successes  of  the  Union  arms  afterwards  at- 
tained by  that  modest  and  peerless  chieftain,  General  William  T.  Sher- 
man; in  all  of  which  you  nobly  filled  your  part. 

Therefore,  comrades  of  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery,  believe  me  that 


CH1CKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  381 

the  sacrifices  made  by  you  at  Wauhatchie,  for  the  cause  of  the  Union, 
were  not  in  vain.  But  not  here  alone,  lie  the  fallen  comrades  of  our  old 
battery.  They  are  to  be  found  all  along  the  bloody  trail  of  war;  Cedar 
Mountain,  Antietam,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Wauhatchie,  Look- 
out Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  Ringgold,  Rocky  Face,  Resaca,  Pump- 
kin Vine,  New  Hope  Church,  Pine  Knob,  Kulp  House,  Dallas,  Kenesaw, 
Peach  Tree  Creek,  Atlanta,  Savannah.  Wherever  raged  the  bloody  fight, 
there  may  be  found  the  graves  of  our  brave  and  honored  dead.  The 
records  of  their  deeds  are  forever  emblazoned,  in  letters  of  gold,  upon  the 
hearts  of  their  comrades  of  the  White  Star  Division  and  none  occupy 
a  higher  position  in  the  annals  of  the  country  that  they  gave  their  blood 
to  save.  Nor  would  I  have  you  forget  those  of  our  comrades  who  fell  on 
other  fields  of  battle  for 

"Some  fell   on  far  off  fields  of  fame, 

Some  here  sank  down  to  rest, 
And  the  dear  land  they  loved  so  well 

Now  folds  them  to  her  breast. 
All  nearly  gone,  yet  still  lives  on 

The  memory  of  those  who  died, 
And  true  men,  lik.»  you  men. 

Remember   them    with   pride." 

Comrades,  in  thus  honoring  the  dead,  you  do  honor  to  the  living.  You 
honor  yourselves,  and  that  beautiful  monument  to  generations  yet  un- 
born will  speak  of  your  heroic  deeds,  and  the  deeds,  and  the  heroism  of 
your  comrades  who  have  gone  to  "fame's  eternal  camping  ground." 

They  lived  with  honor;  they  died  with  honor.  Be  it  yours  to  follow  their 
example.  And  now,  to  the  memory  of  our  fallen  comrades,  the  heroic 
dead  who  lost  their  lives  in  the  service  of  their  country,  and  to  the  battery 
in  whose  ranks  they  fell,  Knap's  Pennsylvania  Battery,  this  monument  is 
dedicated  by  their  surviving  comrades. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  BATTERY.* 

IN  July,  1861,  Joseph  M.  Knap,  at  that  time  serving  as  First  Lieutenant 
of  Company  L,  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Regiment,  Colonel  John  W. 
Geary,  stationed  at  Point  of  Rocks,  received  authority  to  recruit  a 
battery  to  serve  with  this  regiment,  which  was  near  the  proportions  of 
a  brigade,  having  eighteen  full  companies.  He  immediately  proceeded 
to  Pittsburgh  for  recruits,  and  upon  his  arrival  there,  found  a  company 
which  had  been  raised  by  Charles  A.  Atwell  and  James  D.  McGill,  in- 
tended for  service  in  the  Sixty-third  Regiment,  but  which  was  offered 
Captain  Knap  for  his  battery.  It  was  promptly  accepted,  and  at  once 
proceeded  to  join  the  Twenty-eighth.  Its  ranks,  however,  were  not  full, 
and  Colonel  Geary  applied  for,  and  received  permission  of  the  War  De- 

•Extract  from  Bates'  History  of  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 


382  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

partment,  to  transfer  surplus  men  of  his  command  to  the  battery  in 
sufficient  numbers  to  give  it  a  maximum  strength.  It  was  then  formally 
organized  at  Camp  De  Korponay,  Maryland,  with  the  following  officers: 
Joseph  M.  Knap,  Captain;  Charles  A.  At  well,  and  Clement  Tingley,  Jr., 
First  Lieutenants;  Edward  R.  Geary  and  James  D.  McGill,  Second  Lieu- 
tenants. It  was  immediately  after  sent  to  Washington,  where,  under 
the  direction  of  General  Hunt,  in  command  of  the  artillery,  it  was  fully 
armed  and  equipped,  as  a  six  gun  battery.  It  remained  in  camp  on  East 
Capitol  Hill,  until  the  24th  of  November,  when  it  returned  to  Colonel 
Geary's  command.  During  the  winter  of  1861-2,  the  battery  remained 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Point  of  Rocks  and  Harper's  Ferry,  taking  part 
in  the  occasional  skirmishing  which  occurred.  Upon  the  evacuation  of 
Manassas,  in  March,  1862,  the  battery  advanced  with  Geary's  Brigade,  to 
the  line  of  the  Manassas  Gap  Railroad,  and  was  posted,  four  guns  under 
Captain  Knap,  near  Salem,  and  the  remaining  two,  under  Lieutenant 
Atwell,  at  Front  Royal.  When  Stonewall  Jackson  made  his  rapid  ad- 
vance down  the  Valley,  against  the  forces  of  Banks,  he  struck  the  ad- 
vance post  at  Front  Royal,  commanded  by  Colonel  Kenly,  of  the  First 
Maryland,  on  the  23d  of  May.  Kenly  made  a  gallant  resistance,  and  the 
section  under  Atwell  did  excellent  service.  But  this  small  detachment, 
consisting  of  less  than  five  hundred  men,  could  not  long  withstand  the 
combined  forces  of  Jackson  and  Ewell,  estimated  at  twenty-two  thou- 
sand of  all  arms,  and  the  order  was  given  to  retire  towards  Winchester. 
The  enemy's  cavalry  followed  closely,  and  at  every  available  point  sorely 
harassed  the  retiring  column.  Some  of  the  cannoneers  fell  out  by  the 
way  from  exhaustion  and  were  captured.  The  horses,  too,  driven  to  the 
utmost  of  their  strength,  began  to  fail,  and  it  became  evident  that  the 
guns  must  be  given  up,  as  the  enemy  was  pushing  his  pursuit  with  un- 
tiring energy.  Finally,  just  before  reaching  Winchester,  when  they  could 
be  taken  no  further,  the  order  was  given  to  spike  and  abandon  them. 
They  were,  however,  recovered,  when  Jackson,  in  turn,  found  it  necessary 
to  hasten  his  retreat  to  escape  the  Union  forces  closing  in  on  his  flanks 
and  rear. 

Nothing  more  serious  than  marchings  and  counter-marchings  were  re- 
quired of  the  battery,  until  the  opening  of  the  battle  at  Cedar  Mountain, 
on  the  9th  of  August.  Early  in  the  battle,  it  was  posted  on  an  eminence, 
with  the  memorable  cornfield,  the  scene  of  the  greatest  slaughter,  in 
its  front,  where  it  was  a  prominent  mark  for  the  enemy's  guns.  It  had 
no  sooner  got  into  position,  than  the  enemy  opened  and  concentrated 
upon  it  the  fire  of  his  heaviest  guns,  planted  along  the  breast  of  Slaughter 
Mountain.  For  a  time  his  missiles  passed  harmless;  but  he  soon  got  the 
range,  and  the  gunners  were  swept  away  before  his  merciless  fire.  Its 
ammunition  was  finally  exhausted  and  It  was  withdrawn.  One  man  be- 
longing to  the  battery  was  killed,  and  a  colored  servant,  who  was  in  the 
act  of  carrying  ammunition  from  the  chest  to  the  gun.  Lieutenant 
Geary  was  among  the  wounded.  The  battery  was  also  engaged  5n  the 
minor  skirmishers  of  Pope's  retreat  towards  Centreville,  and  at  the 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  383 

close  of  the  campaign  retired  to  Washington.  In  the  battle  of  Antietam, 
on  the  17th  of  September,  it  was  engaged,  and  lost  one  killed,  and  a  num- 
ber severely  wounded.  After  the  battle,  it  was  encamped  at  Sandy  Hook 
and  Harper's  Ferry  until  the  advance  upon  Fredericksburg,  by  General 
Burnside,  whence  it  set  out  with  the  Twelfth  Corps,  to  which  it  was  at- 
tached, but  owing  to  the  horrible  condition  of  the  roads,  did  not  reach 
the  field  in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle. 

During  the  winter,  and  until  the  advance  of  the  army  under  General 
Hooker  upon  Chancellorsville,  the  battery  remained  in  park  at  Acquia 
Creek.  On  the  1st,  2d  and  3d  days  of  May,  during  which  the  battle  of 
Chancellorsville  was  fought,  it  was  engaged,  serving  for  the  first  two 
days  with  the  Twelfth  Corps,  and  on  the  third,  with  the  First.  It  had 
one  man  killed,  and  a  number  slightly  wounded;  among  the  latter,  Lieu- 
tenant Atwell.  Captain  Knap  had  his  horse  shot  under  him,  and  himself 
narrowly  escaped  death.  On  the  18th  of  May,  Captain  Knap  resigned  to 
accept  a  partnership  in,  and  the  general  superintendency  of  the  Fort 
Pitt  Foundry,  at  Pittsburgh,  where  immense  numbers  of  heavy  guns  and 
mortars  were  being  cast  for  the  use  of  the  Navy,  and  for  coast  fortifica- 
tions, a  position  in  which  he  served  his  country  with  great  ability  and 
fidelity,  the  ordnance  cast  under  his  supervision  being  remarkable  for 
their  excellence.  Lieutenant  Atwell  was  promoted  to  succeed  him,  and 
Orderly  Sergeant,  Thomas  S.  Sloan,  was  commissioned  Second  Lieu- 
tenant. 

In  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  two  guns  under  Lieutenant  Geary,  were 
posted  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  Twelfth  Corps.  The  remaining  four 
were  with  the  Second  Corps  on  the  first  day,  but  were  with  the  Twelfth 
during  the  remainder  of  the  battle.  The  pursuit  of  the  enemy  in  his 
flight  from  this  field,  had  been  carried  as  far  as  Culpepper  Court  House, 
when,  on  the  28th  of  September,  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  were 
ordered  to  join  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  then  shut  up  in  Chatta- 
nooga. The  battery  immediately  moved  to  Washington,  where  it  was 
relieved  of  all  superfluous  baggage,  and  extra  horses  and  ammunition, 
and  proceeded  at  once  by  rail  to  Murfreesboro,  Tennessee,  and  after  a 
brief  halt,  to  Bridgeport,  Alabama.  On  the  28th  of  October,  with  Gen- 
eral Geary's  column,  it  commenced  moving  towards  Chattanooga,  and 
arrived  at  nine  o'clock  on  the  evening  of  the  29th,  at  Wauhatchie  Junc- 
tion, where  it  went  into  park.  At  a  little  after  midnight,  Geary's  com- 
mand, which  consisted  of  only  a  part  of  his  division,  was  attacked  by  a 
powerful  rebel  force.  Precautions  had  been  taken  by  General  Geary,  as 
was  always  his  custom,  to  guard  against  surprise,  and  when  the  rebel 
forces,  in  well  ordered  lines  advanced  to  the  onset,  they  found  a  foe  not 
unprepared  to  receive  them.  The  battle  raged  for  a  time  with  fearful 
earnestness,  and  the  battery  was  a  special  target  for  the  rebel  infantry 
fire.  The  slaughter  on  both  sides  was  fearful.  Finally,  finding  that  no 
advantage  was  being  gained,  and  that  his  ranks  were  being  decimated, 
the  rebel  leader  gave  up  the  contest,  and  fled,  leaving  his  dead  and 
wounded  on  the  field.  The  battery  suffered  severe  loss.  Captain  Atwell 


384  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

was  mortally  wounded,  and  Lieutenant  Geary,  son  of  the  General,  was 
killed.  The  loss  in  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  was  also 
severe.  More  than  half  the  horses  were  killed.  A  month  later,  the  battle 
of  Lookout  Mountain,  and  Missionary  Ridge  occurred,  in  which  the  bat- 
tery participated,  pursuing  the  discomfltted  enemy  to  Ringgold,  and  en- 
gaging him  with  good  effect.  Returning  to  Wauhatchie,  it  went  into 
camp  with  the  rest  of  Geary's  Division,  where  it  remained  during  the 
winter. 

Early  in  January,  1864,  a  majority  of  the  men  re-enlisted  for  a  second 
term,  and  were  given  a  veteran  furlough.  Upon  their  return,  they 
brought  with  them  a  number  of  recruits,  giving  to  its  ranks  the  maximum 
strength.  After  the  fall  of  Captain  Atwell,  Lieutenant  McGill  succeeded 
to  the  command  of  the  battery.  Before  moving  on  the  campaign,  the 
Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps  were  consolidated,  forming  the  Twentieth 
Corps,  to  the  command  of  which  General  Hooker  was  assigned.  In  the 
campaign  extending  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta,  commencing  on  the 
1st  of  May,  and  terminating  with  the  fall  of  the  latter  place  on  the  1st 
of  September,  the  battery  bore  a  prominent  part,  being  attached  to 
Geary's  Division,  and  with  that  division  constantly  at  the  post  of  duty, 
and  frequently  called  to  fierce  fighting.  At  the  battle  of  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  on  the  29th  of  July,  Captain  McGill  was  severely  wounded,  and 
soon  after  resigned,  the  command  devolving  on  Lieutenant  James  A. 
Dunlevy.  Two  men  were  killed  and  a  number  of  others  were  severely 
wounded.  Shortly  afterwards,  Lieutenant  Dunlevy  resigned,  on  account 
of  failing  health,  and  subsequently  died  of  disease  contracted  in  the  ser- 
vice, whereupon  Lieutenant  Sloan  was  promoted  to  Captain,  who  held 
this  position  until  the  close  of  the  service.  In  the  March  to  the  Sea,  and 
the  subsequent  march  northward  through  the  Carolinas,  the  battery  ac- 
companied the  corps,  sustaining  only  inconsiderable  losses  until  it  reached 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  where  it  halted,  and  remained  until  after  the 
surrender  of  the  rebel  armies.  From  Raleigh,  it  proceeded  to  Wash- 
ington, where  the  ordnance  and  stores  were  turned  over  to  the  Govern- 
ment, and  where  it  went  into  camp.  Early  in  June,  it  was  ordered  to 
Pittsburgh,  and  on  the  14th  was  mustered  out  of  service. 


HISTORY  OF   THE  ORGANIZATION 


OF  THE 


Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National 
Military  Park. 


25  (385) 


(386) 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  CHICK- 
AMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  NATIONAL  MIL- 
ITARY PARK. 


EXTRACT  FROM  AN  ADDRESS  OF  GEN.  CHARLES  H. 
GROSVENOR,  OF  OHIO. 

MR.  PRESIDENT:  The  idea  of  a  national  park  to  commemorate  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga  undoubtedly  had  its  origin  in  the  mind 
and  brain  of  General  Henry  V.  Boynton,  the  gallant  officer  who 
commanded  that  splendid  fighting  regiment,  the  Thirty-fifth  Ohio  Volun- 
teers (Applause),  of  General  Ferdinand  Van  Derveer's  Brigade,  in  the 
memorable  battle  of  Chickamauga.  The  first  suggestion  which  is  to  be 
found  anywhere  in  print  of  the  movement  which  afterwards  took  shape 
in  the  organization  out  of  which  this  whole  development  has  grown  was 
in  a  letter  written  by  General  Boynton,  on  the  17th  day  of  August,  1888, 
shortly  after  his  return  from  a  visit  to  the  battlefield.  He  wrote  as  fol- 
lows: 

The  survivors  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  should  awake  to  great  pride  In  this 
notable  field  of  Chickamauga.  "Why  should  It  not,  as  well  as  Eastern  fields,  be  marked 
by  monuments,  and  Its  lines  be  accurately  preserved  for  history?  There  was  no  more 
magnificent  fighting  during  the  war  than  both  armies  did  there.  Both  sides  might  well 
unite  in  preserving  the  field  where  both,  in  a  military  sense,  won  such  renown. 

This  was  the  first  suggestion,  so  far  as  is  known,  of  the  organization 
out  of  which  these  greater  results  have  grown.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  on  the  20th  of  September  of  the 
same  year,  a  practical  step  was  taken.  General  Cist,  the  secretary  of 
that  society,  introduced  a  resolution  looking  to  the  organization.  The 
resolution  of  General  Cist  is  as  follows: 

I  move  that  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  chair,  for  the  purpose  of  tak- 
ing the  necessary  steps  to  inaugurate  a  movement  for  the  purchase  of  the  ground  on 
which  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  was  fought;  thit  monuments  be  placed  thereon  to 
mark  the  location  of  the  troops  that  fought  there,  and  that  it  may  be  preserved  similar 
to  the  plan  of  the  battlefield  of  Gettysburg. 

This  resolution  was  adopted,  and  General  Cist,  with  Generals  Man- 
derson,  Alger,  Baird,  and  Boynton,  were  appointed  such  committee.  This 
committee  met  in  Washington  on  the  13th  of  February,  1889,  and  there  a 
conference  was  held  with  certain  of  the  ex-Confederate  veterans  of  the 
Chickamauga  battle,  looking  to  the  formation  of  a  general  movement 
or  organization  for  the  purpose  indicated. 

This  conference  was  held  in  the  room  of  the  Senate  Committee  on 

(387) 


388  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Military  Affairs,  and  there  were  present  Generals  Rosecrans,  Baird, 
Joseph  J.  Reynolds,  Cist,  Manderson,  and  Boynton,  and  Colonel  Kellogg, 
of  the  Union  officers;  and  Generals  Bate,  of  Tennessee,  Colquitt,  Walthall, 
of  Mississippi,  Wheeler,  of  Alabama,  Wright,  of  Tennessee,  and  Colonels 
Bankhead,  of  Alabama,  and  Morgan,  of  Mississippi.  Generals  Cist,  Col- 
quitt, Baird,  Walthall,  Wright,  Boynton,  and  Colonel  Kellogg  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee,  with  power  to  prepare  an  act  of  incorporation,  and 
to  correspond  with  leading  officers  from  each  State  whose  troops  fought 
in  Chickamauga.  They  were  also  authorized  to  secure  incorporators 
for  the  purpose  proposed. 

On  the  19th  of  September,  1889,  a  Joint  meeting  of  Union  and  Con- 
federate veterans  was  held  at  the  tent,  in  Chattanooga,  erected  for  the 
meetings  of  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  There  were 
soldiers  present  from  both  armies,  seated  together  side  by  side  under  the 
old  flag,  and  there  was  evident  earnestness  manifested  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  work.  At  that  meeting  General  Boynton,  of  the  joint  Chicka- 
mauga Memorial  Association,  or  rather,  of  the  committee  as  it  stood 
then  for  the  formation  of  the  association,  made  a  most  eloquent  speech. 
He  said,  as  pertinent  to  the  question  now  under  consideration,  as  fol- 
lows: 

A  year  ago  last  summer  It  was  my  privilege  to  revisit  Chickamauga  In  company 
with  my  old  commander,  General  Van  Derveer.  The  ride  was  the  more  impressive 
because  the  day  was  Sunday.  On  reaching  the  Cloud  House,  on  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  field,  there  came  to  us  from  a  country  church  near  by  the  voices  of  solemn  song. 

The  last  music  which  had  fallen  on  our  ears  as  we  left  that  field  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury before  was  the  screech,  the  rattle,  and  roar  and  thunder  of  that  hell  of  battle 
which  had  loaded  the  air  with  horror  through  all  that  earlier  and  well-remembered 
Sabbath, 

In  a  moment,  as  with  a  flash,  memory  peopled  those  scenes  for  us  with  the  actors 
of  that  other  day.  We  gloried  In  Rosecrans,  and  mourned  that  Thomas  did  not  still 
live  to  enjoy  his  ever-increasing  renown. 

We  saw  Balrd's  and  Johnson's  and  Palmer's  and  Reynold's  immovable  lines  around 
the  Kelly  farm.  We  recalled  Wood  on  the  spurs  of  Snodgrass  Hill,  and  Brannan  and 
Grosvenor,  and  Steedman,  under  Granger,  on  the  Horseshoe. 

There  rolled  back  on  the  mind  the  unequal  fighting  of  that  thin  and  contracted 
line  of  heroes,  and  the  magnificent  Confederate  assaults  which  swept  in  upon  us 
time  and  again,  and  ceaselessly  aa  that  service  of  all  the  gods  of  war  went  on  through- 
out those  holy  hours. 

Then— thinking  of  our  Union  lines  alone— we  said  to  each  other,  "This  field  should 
be  a  Western  Gettysburg— a  Chickamauga  memorial." 

It  was  but  a  flash  forward  In  thought  to  our  present  plan,  and  the  proposition  be- 
came—"Aye,  It  should  be  more  than  Gettysburg,  with  its  monuments  along  one  side 
alone;  the  lines  of  both  armies  should  be  equally  marked." 

It  was  immediately  following  this  visit  that  the  first  suggestion  in 
print  was  made,  to  which  I  have  already  referred. 

On  the  same  day  there  was  a  meeting  held  at  the  rooms  of  the  Con- 
federate Veterans'  Association,  at  the  Hotel  Stanton,  in  the  city  of 
Chattanooga,  by  the  veterans  of  the  Confederate  service,  and  their  action 
looking  to  the  establishment  of  the  park  here  follows: 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS'   ASSOCIATION. 

Rooms  of  the  Confederate  Veterans'  Association, 
Chattanooga,    Tenn.,   September  19,    1889. 

In  pursuance  of  a  joint  invitation  issued  by  Major  W.  J.  Colburn,  chairman  executive 
committee,  Army  of  the  Cumberland;  Adolph  S.  Ochs,  chairman  local  committee, 
Chickamauga  National  Park  Association,  and  Captain  J.  F.  Shipp,  commander  N.  B. 
Forrest  Camp  Confederate  Veterans,  a  preliminary  meeting  of  the  Confederate  Vet- 
erans was  held,  at  which  Captain  Shipp  briefly  outlined  the  object  of  the  meeting 
and  the  proposed  plan  of  organizing  the  Chickamauga  National  Park  Association, 
when  the  following  credentials  were  filed  with  Captain  Shipp: 

Army  of  Tennessee  Veteran  Association,  New  Orleans;  General  John  Glynn,  Jr.,  E. 
T.  Manning,  John  McCoy,  Captain  J.  A.  Chalaron,  Lieutenant  John  B.  Ballard,  R.  D. 
Scriven,  Colonel  Fremaux,  C.  L.  Sinclair,  Captain  Eugene  May,  Colonel  Thomas  H. 
Handy. 

Confederate  Cavalry  Association,  New  Orleans:  Dr.  Y.  R.  Lemonnier,  Colonel  Joseph 
H.  Duggan,  Colonel  Robert  W.  Gillespie. 

Washington  Artillery,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  New  Orleans;  General  William  J. 
Eeham,  Colonel  William  Miller  Owen. 

Tennessee  State  Association  Confederate  Veterans:  Captain  Thomas  F.  Perkins, 
President,  Franklin,  Tenn. 

Frank  Cheatham  Bivouac,  Nashville,  Tenn.:  Colonel  Thomas  Claiborn,  Major  J.  W. 
Morton,  Captain  George  B.  Guild,  Captain  Pat.  Griffin,  William  Allen,  John  Shields. 

Confederate  Veteran  Association,  Chicago,  111. :  Major  George  Forrester,  Captain  R.  H. 
Stewart. 

Forbes  Bivouac,  Clarksville,  Tenn.:  Captain  C.  W.  Tyler,  Charles  H.  Bailey,  Clay 
Stacker,  Cave  Johnson. 

Frierson  Bivouac,  Shelbyville,  Tenn.:  Hon.  E.  Shepard,  H.  C.  Whitesides,  J.  L. 
Burt,  Dr.  Samuel  M.  Thompson. 

The  J.  B.  Palmer  Bivouac,  Murfreesboro,  Tenn. :  Hon.  J.  W.  Sparks. 

F.  K.  Zollicoffer  Camp,   Knoxville,   Tenn. :  Frank  A.  Moses,   Charles  Ducloux. 

Veteran  Confederate  States  Cavalry  Association,  New  Orleans:  Major  D.  A.  Given. 

N.  B.  Forrest  Camp  Confederate  Veterans,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. :  Captain  J.  F.  Shipp, 
Captain  L.  T.  Dickinson,  Captain  J.  L.  McCollum,  Captain  M.  H.  Clift,  Colonel  T.  M. 
McConnell,  Judge  W.  L.  Eakin,  Colonel  Tomlinson  Fort,  Captain  Russell,  Dr.  G.  W. 
Drake. 

Upon  motion  of  Captain  Shipp,  Captain  George  B.  Guild,  of  Nashville,  was  named  for 
chairman  of  the  meeting,  which  motion  was  put  and  unanimously  carried.  Edward 
T.  Manning  was  elected  as  secretary. 

The  chairman  stated  that  the  organization  of  the  proposed  Chickamauga  National 
Park  Association  contemplated  a  president,  vice  president,  secretary  and  treasurer, 
and  also  twenty-eight  directors,  and  that  it  was  proposed  to  divide  the  organization 
equally  between  the  blue  and  the  gray. 

It  was  moved  by  Captain  Shipp  that  the  Confederate  veterans  here  assembled  name 
veterans  for  vice  president  and  secretary,  and  fourteen  directors. 

Moved  that  General  Joseph  Wheeler  be  selected  for  vice  president,  which  was  sec- 
onded and  unanimously  carried. 

Colonel  Thomas  Claiborn  moved  that  General  Marcus  J.  Wright  be  selected  for  secre- 
tary, which  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 

At  this  point  of  the  proceedings  General  H.  V.  Boynton,  of  the  Society  of  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland,  was  invited  to  the  conference.  He  stated  that  the  organization 
of  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Association  (as  above  proposed)  was  equitable  and 
satisfactory.  He  then  gave  in  detail  the  objects  and  purposes  of  the  association, 
which  was  to  have  the  Government  buy  the  battlefield,  which  would  require  the  pur- 
chase of  about  10,000  acres  of  land.  General  Boynton  stated  that  the  association 
would  receive,  the  most  hearty  co-operation  of  General  Rosecrans,  General  Cist,  and 
others  of  the  Federal  side,  and  Senators  Bate,  Gibson  and  Walthall,  and  others  of 
the  Confederate  side. 

Captain  Shipp  then  moved  that  a  committee  of  seven  be  appointed  by  the  chair  to 
meet  a  iike  committee  from  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  the 
chairman  of  the  loca1  memorial  committee,  Adolph  S.  Ochs,"  for  the  purpose  of  agree- 
ing upon  a  list  of  officers  and  a  board  of  directors  for  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation, which  motion  prevailed. 

The  chairman  appointed  the  following  committee:  Captain  J.  F.  Shipp,  chairman, 
Fourth  Regiment  Georgia  Infantry;  General  John  Glynn,  Jr.,  of  (Legardeur's)  Orleans 
Grand  Battery,  Louisiana;  Colonel  Joseph  H.  Duggan,  Fifth  Company  Battalion  Wash- 


390  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Ington  Artlnery,  Louisiana,  and  assistant  Chief  ordnance  officer,  Forrest's  Corps; 
Captain  T.  F.  Perkins,  of  Eleventh  Tennessee  Cavalry;  Major  George  Forrester,  Third 
Kentucky  Cavalry.  Morgan's  command;  Captain  Joseph  W.  Morton,  chief  of  artillery, 
Forrest's  command;  J.  L.  McCollum,  Sixth  Regiment  Alabama  Infantry,  "Raccoon 
Roughs;"  Captain  George  B.  Guild,  acting  adjutant  general  Harrison's  Brigade  Cavalry; 
fed.  T.  Manning,  of  Fourth  Louisiana  Infantry  and  Fenner's  Louisiana  Battery; 
Lieutenant  J.  B.  Ballard,  Company  K,  Twentieth  Louisiana  Infantry,  was  also  added  to 
the  committee. 

The  chairman  requested  Captain  Shipp  to  state  how  far  matters  had  progressed  In 
conference,  by  correspondence  or  otherwise,  between  the  Federal  and  Confederate 
Veterans'  Associations,  looking  to  a  permanent  organization  under  a  charter  already 
applied  for  in  Walker's  county,  Ga- 
in compliance  therewith  Captain  Shipp  stated  an  agreement  had  been  reached  by 
which  the  Federal  Associations  were  to  select  the  president  and  treasurer  and  four- 
teen directors,  and  the  Confederate  Associations  were  to  nominate  the  vice  president 
and  secretary,  ana  an  equal  number  of  directors. 

This  arrangement  was  considered  eminently  proper  and  just,  and  the  committee 
then  reported  the  following  comrades  of  the  Confederate  Veterans'  Associations  to  be 
their  choice  to  serve  on  the  first  board  of  directors  to  be  hereafter  elected  by  the 
Chickamauga  Memorial  Association: 

For  Vice  President,  General  Joseph  Wheeler;  for  Secretary,  General  Marcus  J. 
Wright. 

Directors. — From  Alabama,  General  Joseph  Wheeler;  from  Arkansas,  Captain  C.  R.. 
Breckinridge  from  Florida,  General  Jesse  J.  Finley;  from  North  Carolina,  General 
David  H.  Hill;  from  South  Carolina,  General  E.  M.  Law;  from  Tennessee,  General 
Marcus  J.  Wright;  from  Texas,  Hon.  Roger  Q.  Mills;  from  Virginia,  Hon.  G«orge  D. 
Wise;  from  Geotgia,  General  Alfred  H.  Colquitt,  and  General  James  Longstreet;  from 
Kentucky,  General  Joseph  H.  Lewis;  from  Louisiana,  General  Randall  L.  Gibson;  from 
Mississippi,  Colonel  Charles  E.  Hcoker;  from  Missouri,  General  F.  M.  Cockrell. 

Captain  Shipp  stated  all  the  above  were  duly  qualified  to  serve,  as  they  were  charter 
members  of  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Association. 

General  Boynton  approved  the  action  as  taken,  and  advised  that  the  Society  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  would  take  like  action,  and  report  their  selections  at  the 
barbecue,  at  Crawfish  Spring,  on  the  20th  Instant. 

Mr.  Ochs  was  requested  to  explain  the  method  of  subscribing  to  the  Chickamauga 
Memorial  Association;  which  was,  In  substance,  that  a  life  membership  would  be  is- 
sued, on  parchment  certificate,  on  the  payment  of  $5,  made  by  any  member  of 
either  association  of  veterans. 

Colonel  Duggan  suggested  that,  as  the  charter  had  not  been  passed  upon  by  the 
Superior  Court  of  Georgia,  in  his  opinion,  the  joint  committees  could  only  recom- 
mend confirmatory  action  when  th*  Incorporators  were  legally  authorized. 

Mr.  Ochs  stated  he  was  fully  convinced  that  such  a  course  would  be  cheerfully  com« 
plied  with. 

General  Boynton,  In  order  to  finally  fix  the  matter,  said  he  would  offer  a  resolution 
on  the  20th  instant,  covering  the  recommendations  from  both  army  organizations  to 
the  Incorporators  of  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Association,  and  he  felt  convinced 
it  would  be  unanimously  adopted. 

Captain  Shipp  suggested  the  apj-ointment  of  a  committee  of  an  equal  number  of 
officers  from  the  Federal  and  Confederate  sides,  who  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  to  examine  the  maps  now  being  made  by  Major  Kellogg,  go  over  the 
battlefield,  and  endeavor  to  arrive  at  correct  information,  so  that  everything  would 
be  in  strict  accordance  with  the  facts  aa  they  existed. 

Colonel  Claibom  favored  the  suggestion. 

On  motion  of  Major  Clift,  the  chair  was  authorized  to  appoint  such  committee  at 
some  future  time,  after  consultation  with  General  Boynton. 

Mr.  Ochs  here  called  on  Captain  Shipp  to  explain  the  object  of  the  committee  to  ex- 
amine Colonel  Kellogg's  maps  of  the  battle  of  Chickamauga. 

The  answer  was  from  General  Boynton,  to  the  effect  that  the  object  of  such  com- 
mittee was  to  find  and  determine  the  exact  positions  of  both  armies,  and  to  record 
the  same,  by  the  joint  efforts  of  the  commands  from  the  several  States  there  engaged; 
and  that  while  Colonel  Kellogg  was  specially  charged  by  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment with  making  that  map,  he  had  shown  every  desire  to  serve  the  Chattanooga 
Memorial  Association  in  any  rrfanrer  possible. 

Captain  Perkins,  President  of  the  Nashville  Bivouac,  and  Captain  Guild  Invited 
those  present,  and  all  organizations,  to  join  them  at  their  reunion  at  Nashville  on 
October  S  proximo,  and  Major  Forrester,  of  the  Confederate  Veteran  Association  of 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  391 

Chicago,    extended  a  like  invitation  to  all  comrades  of  the  blue  and  the  gray  to  visit 
them  at  Chicago  during  the  World's  Fair  in  1893. 

The  Confederate  delegates  then  adjourned,  to  assemble  at  N.  B.  Forrest  camp  rooms, 
on  East  Eighth  street,  at  2  o'clock,  to  march  in  a  body  to  a  joint  meeting  of  the  blue 
and  the  gray,  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Park  Association,  where  General  H.  V. 
Boynton  and  Governor  Albert  S.  Marks  are  to  deliver  addresses. 

GEORGE    B.    GUILD, 
Chairman. 
ED.   T.   MANNING, 

Secretary. 

On  the  20th  of  September,  1889,  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation was  formed,  and  I  here  incorporate  the  proceedings  of  the  mem- 
orable meeting  which  was  held  in  the  little  church  on  the  battlefield 
near  Crawfish  Spring  on  that  eventful  day: 

CHICKAMAUGA  MEMORIAL  ASSOCIATION. 

Church  on  the  Battlefield  of  Chickamauga. 
Crawfish  Spring,  Walker  County,  Ga.,  September  20,  1889. 

At  a  joint  meeting  of  the  Veterans'  Association  of  the  Blue  and  the  Gray,  held  this 
date,  as  above  designated,  Mr.  Adolph  S.  Ochs,  chairman  of  the  local  committee  on 
the  Chickamausa  Memorial  Association,  called  the  meeting  to  order  and  suggested 
the  election  of  a  chairman.  So  ordered. 

General  Henry  M.  Cist  was  unanimously  elected,  and  General  H.  V.  Boynton  and 
Colonel  T.  M.  McConnell  appointed  to  escort  him  to  the  chair. 

On  motion,  Mr.  Ed.  T.  Manning  was  unanimously  elected  secretary. 

The  chairman  stated  the  object  of  the  meeting,  and  in  connection  therewith  Mr. 
Adolph  S.  Ochs  read  the  petition  for  charter,  which  would  be  shortly  granted. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Ochs,  all  members  present  were  enrolled  as  members  of  the  Chicka- 
mauga Memorial  Association. 

General  C.  H.  Grosvenor  spoke,  advocating  the  immediate  election  of  officers. 

General  Fullerton  coincided  in  such  action. 

General  Grosvenor  then  placed  in  nomination,  for  the  first  President  of  the  Chicka- 
mauga Memorial  Association,  General  J.  T.  Wilder,  of  Tennessee. 

Seconded  by  Captain  J.  F.  Shipp. 

General  Wilder  was  declared  the  unanimous  choice  of  the  associations  present  and 
represented. 

General  Wilder,  being  present,   accepted  the  trust. 

Captain  Shipp  placed  in  nomination  for  Vice  President,  General  Joseph  Wheeler,  of 
Alabama. 

Seconded  by  General  H.  V.  Bcynton. 

General  Wheeler  was  declared  unanimously  elected. 

Captain  George  B.  Guild  nominated  General  Marcus  J.  Wright,  of  Washington,  D.  C., 
as  Secretary,  who  was  unanimously  elected. 

General  Grosvenor  nominated  General  J.  S.  Fullerton,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  who  was 
unanimously  elected  treasurer. 

Secretary  Manning  then  read  the  list  of  directors  submitted  by  the  ex-Confederate 
Veterans'  Associations: 

Alabama,  General  Joseph  Wheeler;  Arkansas,  Captain  C.  R.  Breckinridge;  Florida, 
General  J.  T.  Finley;  North  Carolina,  General  D.  H.  Hill;  South  Carolina,  General  E. 
M.  Law;  Tennessee,  General  Marcus  J.  Wright;  Texas,  General  Roger  Q.  Mills;  Vir- 
ginia, HonT  George  D.  Wise;  Georgia,  General  Alfred  H.  Colquitt,  General  James 
Longstreet;  Kentucky.  General  Joseph  H.  Lewis;  Louisiana,  General  Randall  L.  Gibson; 
Mississippi,  Colonel  Charles  E.  Hooker;  Missouri,  General  F.  M.  Cockrell. 

General  Boynton  then  presented  the  following  list  of  directors,  submitted  by  the  ex- 
Union  officers' 

Kentucky,  Colonel  G.  C.  Kniffin;  Minnesota,  General  J.  W.  Bishop;  Ohio,  General 
Henry  M.  Cist,  General  C.  H.  Grosvenor,  General  Ferd.  Van  Derveer;  Tennessee,  Gen- 
eral Gates  P.  Thurston;  Missouri,  General  J.  S.  Fullerton;  Indiana,  General  J.  J. 
Reynolds;  Tennessee,  General  J.  T.  Wilder;  Illinois,  General  A.  C.  McClurg;  United 
States  Army,  General  A.  Baird,  Colonel  S.  C.  Kellogg;  Washington,  D.  C.,  General 
W.  S.  Rosecrans,  General  H.  V.  Boynton. 

On  motion  of  Captain  H.   S.   Chamberlain,    seconded  by  Colonel  J.   H.   Duggan,    the 


392  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

election  of  dliectorb,  twenty-eight  in  number,  as  herein  named,  was  made  unanimous. 
On  motion  of  General  Thurston,   the  officers  present  were  authorized  to  call  a  meet- 
ing of  the  board   of  directors  at  such  time  as  they  think  best,  and  to  take  such  other 
action  as  they  may  deem  necessary. 

General  Wilder  then  stated   that   the   Superior   Court  would   soon    issue   the  charter, 
and,  if  authorized,  he  would  accept  the  same.    He  was  duly  empowered. 
On  motion,  the  associations  01"  the  blue  and  gray  then  adjourned. 

HENRY  M.  CIST, 

Chairman. 
ED    T.    MANNING, 
Secretary. 

In  making-  up  the  list  of  inctrporators,  the  selections  from  each  State  were  made 
as  nearly  as  practicable  in  proportion  to  the  troops  each  had  in  the  battle. 

After  the  association  has  been  incorporated,  there  will  be  an  opportunity  for  all 
who  choose,  of  the  veterans  of  either  army,  or  of  those  interested  in  the  project, 
whether  they  served  in  either  army  or  not,  to  become  members  upon  the  payment 
of  a  membership  fee  of  $5,  which  is  to  be  paid  but  once,  no  subsequent  fees  of  any 
kind  being:  contemplated.  This  will  entitle  the  subscriber  to  a  certificate  of  mem- 
bership and  to  one  vote  at  all  meetings  of  the  association,  either  in  person  or  by 
proxy. 

The  Union  army  had  one  hundred  and  ninety-five  separate  organizations  on  the  field, 
of  which  thirty-fix  were  batteries.  The  Confederate  army  had  two  hundred  and  sev- 
er.ty-four  organizations,  of  which  fifty  were  batteries,  and  six  belonged  to  the  Con- 
federate regulars.  These  were  thus  divided  among  the  States: 

Union.— Illinois,  thirty-six;  Indiana,  forty-two;  Kansas,  two;  Kentucky,  eighteen; 
Michigan,  eight,  Minnesota,  two;  Missouri,  three;  Ohio,  fifty-six;  Pennsylvania,  seven; 
Wisconsin,  nine;  Tennessee,  two;  United  States  regulars,  nine. 

Confederate. — Alabama,  forty-three;  Arkansas,  seventeen;  Florida,  seven;  Georgia, 
thirty-five;  Kentucky,  seven;  Louisiana,  thirteen;  Mississippi,  twenty-one;  Missouri, 
two;  North  Carolina,  four;  South  Carolina,  eighteen:  Tennessee,  sixty-eight;  Texas, 
eighteen:  Virginia,  seven;  Confederate  regulars,  six. 

Thus,  eleven  Union  States  and  the  Regular  Army  were  represented  by  troops  in 
the  battle,  and  all  the  Confederate  States,  with  Kentucky  and  Missouri,  and  the  reg- 
ular army  of  the  Confederacy. 

The  following  is  the  charter  of  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation: 

State  of  Georgia,  Walker  County. 

To  the  Superior  Court  of  said  County 

Thp  petition  of  William  H.  Forr.ey,  J.  T.  Holtzclaw,  W.  C.  Dates,  Joseph  Wheeler, 
and  S.  M.  A.  Wood,  of  Alabama:  James  H.  Berry,  Clifton  R.  Breckinridge,  Evander 
McNair,  and  L.  H.  Mar.gum,  of  Arkansas;  G.  C.  Symes,  of  Colorado;  Absalom  Balrd, 
H.  V.  Boynton,  and  W.  S.  Rosecrans,  of  the  District  of  Columbia;  Wilkinson  Call, 
Robert  H.  M.  Davidson,  and  Jess  J.  Finley,  of  Florida;  Joseph  M.  Brown,  Alfred  H. 
Colquitt,  J.  B.  Cumming,  James  Longstreet,  Lafayette  McLaws,  and  E.  B.  Tate, 
of  Georgia;  S.  D.  Atkins,  Lj  man  Bridges,  A.  C.  McClurg,  E.  A.  Otis,  John  M.  Palmer, 
and  P.  S.  Post,  of  Illinois;  Joseph  B.  Dodge,  W.  Q.  Gresham,  J.  J.  Reynolds,  M.  S. 
Robinson,  G.  W.  Steele,  and  J  T.  Wilder,  of  Indiana;  Frank  Hatton  and  W.  P. 
Hepburn,  of  Iowa;  John  A.  Martin,  of  Kansas;  C.  D.  Bailey,  M.  H.  Cooper,  R.  M. 
Kelly,  C.  G.  Kniffin,  Joseph  H.  Lewis,  Alfred  Pirtle  and  W.  J.  Stone,  of  Kentucky; 
Randall  S.  Gibson  and  Felix  Robertson,  of  Louisiana;  H.  M.  Duffleld  and  A.  W. 
Wilbur,  of  Michigan;  J.  W.  Bishop  and  R.  W.  Johnson,  of  Minnesota;  Charles  E. 
Hooker,  J.  Bright  Morgan,  Jacob  M.  Sharp,  J.  A.  Smith,  and  Edward  C.  Walthall, 
of  Mississippi;  Joseph  S.  Fullertcn,  William  Henry  Hatch,  Robert  McCulloch,  John 
S.  Melton,  and  J.  H.  Wade,  of  Missouri;  C.  A.  Dana  and  A.  G.  McCook,  of  New 
York;  William  R.  Cox,  David  H.  Hill,  Chas.  W.  MeCIammy,  and  Matt.  W.  Ransom, 
of  North  Caiolina;  H.  M.  Cist,  W.  F.  Goodspeed,  Charles  H.  Grosvenor,  P.  P.  Lane, 
J.  G.  Mitchell,  J.  G.  Taylor,  and  Ferd.  Van.  Derveer,  of  Ohio;  William  J.  Palmer. 
John  Tweedale,  and  Joseph  G.  Vale,  of  Pennsylvania :  Ellison  Capers  and  E.  M.  Law, 
of  South  Carolina;  Frank  C.  Armstrong,  William  B.  Bate,  John  C.  Brown,  S.  B. 
Moe,  Adolph  S.  Ochs,  Lucius  E.  Polk,  Alexander  P.  Stewart,  Gates  P.  Thurston,  and 
Marcus  J.  Wright,  of  Tennessee;  C.  B.  Kilgore,  Roger  Q.  Mills  and  William  B.  Say- 
ers,  of  Texas;  R.  A.  Brock,  I.  M.  French,  and  George  D.  Wise,  of  Virginia;  H.  C. 


n 


n 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  393 

Hobart  and  John  L.  Mitchell,  of  Wisconsin;  J.  M.  Brannan,  H.  C.  Gushing,  S.  C.  Kel- 
logg, Frank  G.  Smith,  and  Thomas  J.  Wood,  of  the  United  States  Army,  respectfully 
show : 

First.  That  petitioners  and  all  other  persons  who  may  be  subscribers,  as  herein- 
after provided,  to  the  funds  devoted  to  the  preservation  of  the  battlefield  of  Chick- 
amaugra,  in  the  county  of  Walker  and  State  of  Georgia,  ex-officio,  and  the  Governors, 
ex-officio,  of  such  other  States  as  had  troops  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga, 
Georgia,  on  the  eighteenth,  nineteenth  and  twentieth  of  September,  1863,  and  which 
may  comply  with  the  terms  of  this  charter,  and  the  President  and  the  Secretary  of 
the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  ex-ofllclo,  and  the  President  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Southern  Historical  Society  of  Virginia,  ex-offlcio,  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  of  the  United  States,  ex-officio,  and  their  successors,  be  corporated  and 
made  a  body  corporate  and  politic,  under  the  name  and  style  of  the  Chickamauga 
Memorial  Association. 

Second.  The  object  of  this  corporation  is  not  pecuniary  gain  to  the  stockholders, 
but  is  to  mark  and  preserve  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga,  on  which  were  fought 
the  actions  of  September  ISth,  19th  and  20th,  Anno  Domini,  1863,  together  with  the 
natural  and  artificial  features,  as  they  were  at  the  time  of  said  battle,  by  such 
memorial  stones,  tablets,  or  monuments  as  a  generous  people  may  aid  to  erect,  to  com- 
memorate the  valor  displayed  by  American  soldiers  on  that  field. 

Third.  The  particular  business  of  said  association,  in  order  to  accomplish  its 
objects,  and  for  which  they  desire  the  powers  hereinafter  applied  for,  is  to  have  the 
power  to  take  and.  to  hold,  by  purchase,  lease,  devise,  grant,  or  gift,  such  real  and 
personal  property  and  effects,  and  all  such  portions  of  said  battlefield,  as  may  be 
necessary  or  convenient,  to  promote  and  accomplish  the  objects  of  its  incorporation, 
and  upon  its  own  grounds  thus  acquired,  and  upon  private  grounds,  with  the  per- 
mission of  such  owners  as  continue  to  hold  any  portion  of  such  field,  to  inclose  and 
perpetuate  such  grounds,  to  keep  them  in  repair  and  a  state  of  preservation,  to  con- 
struct and  maintain  ways  and  roads,  to  improve  and  ornament  the  grounds,  and  to 
erect  and  promote  the  erection,  by  the  association  and  by  voluntary  contributions, 
of  suitable  monuments  and  tablets. 

Fourth.  Petitioners  desire  that  the  property  and  affairs  of  said  corporation  shall 
be  managed  by  a  board  of  twenty-eight  directors,  with  a  secretary  and  treasurer 
and  such  other  officers  as  they  desire,  all  of  whom  shall  be  selected  from  the  sub- 
scribers who  may  be  members  of  such  corporation,  by  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast, 
each  subscriber  who  is  a  member  of  said  corporation  to  be  entitled  to  a  single  vote, 
either  in  person  or  by  proxy.  They  desire  that  said  officers  shall  serve  for  a  term  of 
four  years,  or  until  their  successors  are  elected,  and  that  the  first  election  shall  be 
held  upon  said  property  of  said  corporation  by  those  entitled  to  vote,  and  that  sub- 
sequent elections  shall  be  held  each  four  years  thereafter  during  the  existence  of  this 
charter,  at  such  time  and  place  as  the  directors  may  appoint. 

Fifth.  They  desire  that  said  corporation  shall  have  the  power  to  issue  certificates 
of  membership  to  all  persons  who  shall  desire  the  same  who  shall  subscribe  one  or 
more  shares  to  the  said  memorial  fund  of  said  corporation,  the  amount  of  a  single 
share  to  be  fixed  by  the  board  of  directors,  and  not  to  exceed  five  dollars,  and  all 
subscribers,  upon  payment  and  receipt  of  such  certificate,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote 
at  all  elections  of  said  corporation. 

Sixth.  They  desire  that  the  President,  Directors  and  Treasurer  shall  make  reports 
en  the  day  of  each  election,  to  be  presented  to  the  members,  and  read  and  published, 
which  shall  be  duly  certified;  and  shall  exhibit,  fully  and  accurately,  the  receipts, 
expenses,  and  expenditures  of  said  corporation. 

Seventh.  Petitioners  desire  to  be  incorporated  for  the  term  of  twenty  years,  with 
the  privilege  of  renewal  as  often  as  the  same  can  be  done  under  the  laws.  They  desire 
the  corporation  to  have  the  power  of  suing  and  being  sued,  and  to  have  and  use  a 
common  seal,  and  to  have  succession,  and  to  make  such  by-laws  as  it  wishes  binding 
on  its  own  members,  not  inconsistent  with  the  laws  of  this  State,  or  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  alter,  amend,  and  rescind  the  same  at  pleasure,  and  to  have  the  power, 
as  aforesaid,  to  receive,  rent,  lease,  purchase,  hold,  acquire,  and  operate,  in  any  way 
that  a  natural  person  might  acquire  and  operate  the  same,  such  real  and  personal 
property  of  all  kinds  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  legitimate  purposes  of  said  corpo- 
ration. Petitioners  do  not  desire  to  have  any  capital  stock,  or  to  declare  any  divi- 
dends, as  said  corporation  is  not  organized  for  pecuniary  or  personal  gain. 

Eighth.  Petitioners  desire  that  the  chief  office  and  place  of  business  of  said  cor- 
poration and  the  place  of  holding  its  annual  meetings  shall  be  upon  the  grounds  of 
said  corporation,  in  the  State  of  Georgia  and  County  of  Walker,  and  that  it  have 
power,  also,  to  establish  and  remove  branch  offices  at  such  other  place  or  places 


394  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

within  the  United  States  as  by  a  vote  of  Its  directors  may  be  deemed  of  benefit  >..» 
said  corporation. 

Ninth.  Petitioners  pray  that  they  may  be  made  a  body  corporate  and  politic  under 
the  name  as  aforesaid  and  with  all  the  powers  and  privileges  as  aforesaid,  that  this 
petition  may  be  recorded  by  the  clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  of  said  County  of  Walker, 
and  that  the  same  may  be  published  In  the  Walker  County  Messenger,  a  public  ga- 
zette publishing:  the  sheriff's  sales  of  said  county,  once  a  week  for  one  month,  and 
that  afterward  the  court  will  pass  an  order  declaring  said  application  granted,  and 
petitioners  will  ever  pray,  etc. 

JULIUS  L.  BROWN, 

Petitioners'  Attorney. 
Filed  In  office  August  20,  1889. 

R.  N.  DICKERSON, 
Clerk  Superior  Court,   Walker  County,   Georgia. 

The  petition  of  William  H.  Forney,  Joseph  Wheeler,  H.  V.  Boynton,  W.  S.  Rose- 
crans,  Alfred  H.  Colqultt,  James  Longstreet,  Lafayette  McLaws,  C.  A.  Dana,  H.  M. 
Cist,  and  others  named  in  the  petition,  praying  to  be  Incorporated  under  the  name 
and  style  of  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Aspociatlon,  came  on  to  be  heard  In  open 
court,  and  upon  consideration  thereof,  and  baing  satisfied  that  the  same  has  been  duly 
advertised,  and  that  the  law  has  been  complied  with,  and  no  objections  having  been 
filed  thereto,  and  being  further  satisfied  that  the  objects  of  said  petition  are  proper, 
and  come  within  the  purview  and  intention  of  the  code  and  laws  of  this  State,  It  Is 
ordered  by  the  court  that  said  petition  be  granted,  and  that  said  petitioners  and  their 
successors  and  assigns  be  incorporated  for  and  during  the  term  of  twenty  years,  with 
the  privilege  of  renewal  at  the  expiration  of  that  time,  under  the  laws,  and  that  said 
corporation  have  all  the  rights,  powers,  and  privileges  as  prayed  for. 

In  open  court  this  4th  day  of  December,   1889. 

JULIUS  L.   BROWN, 
Petitioners'    Attorney. 

By  the  court, 

JOHN  W.  MADDOX,  J.  S.  C.  R.  C. 

State  of  Georgia,  Walker  County: 

I,    R.   N.   Dickerson,    clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  of  said  county,    do  hereby  certify 
that   the  above  and  foregoing  Is  a  true   and  correct  copy  of  the  petition  and  order 
Incorporating  the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Association,    as  the  same  appears  of  entry 
in  the  minutes  of  said  court  and  of  file  in  this  office. 
Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  of  office  this  1st  day  of  March,  1890. 

R.  N.  DICKERSON, 
Clerk  Superior  Court,  Walker  County,  Georgia. 

I  had  the  honor  to  Introduce  into  the  Fifty-first  Congress  a  bill  to 
establish  a  national  military  park  at  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga; 
and  that  bill,  drafted  by  General  Boynton,  was  in  furtherance  of  the 
Chickamauga  Memorial  Park  Association,  which  I  have  heretofore  re- 
ferred to.  The  bill  is  in  the  words  following: 

AN  ACT  to  establish  a  national  military  park  at  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga. 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled,  That  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  and  suitably  mark- 
Ing  for  historical  and  professional  military  study  the  fields  of  some  of  the  most  remark- 
able maneuvers  and  most  brilliant  fighting  in  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  and  upon  the 
ceding  of  jurisdiction  to  the  United  States  by  the  States  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia, 
respectively,  and  the  report  of  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States  that  the 
title  to  the  lands  thus  ceded  is  perfect,  the  following-described  highways  In  those 
States  are  hereby  declared  to  be  approaches  to  and  parts  of  the  Chickamauga  and 
Chattanooga  National  Military  Park,  as  established  by  the  second  section  of  this 
act,  to  wit:  First,  the  Missionary  Ridge  Ciest  road  from  Sherman  Heights  at  the 
north  end  of  Missionary  Ridge,  In  Tennessee,  where  the  said  road  enters  upon  the 
ground  occupied  by  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee  under  Major  General  William  T.  Sher- 
man, in  the  military  operations  of  November  24th  and  25th,  1863;  thence  along  said  road 
through  the  positions  occupied  by  the  army  of  General  Braxton  Bragg  on  November  25th, 
1K63,  and  which  were  assaulted  by  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  under  Major  General 
George  H.  Thomas  on  that  date,  to  where  the  said  road  crosses  the  southern  boundary 
of  the  State  of  Tennessee,  near  Rossville  Gap,  Georgia,  upon  the  ground  occupied  by 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  395 

the  troops  of  Major  General  Joseph  Hooker,  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
thence  in  the  State  of  Georgia  to  the  junction  of  said  road  with  the  Chattanooga  and 
Lafayette  or  State  road  at  Rossville  Gap.  Second,  the  Lafayette  or  State  road  from 
Rossville,  Georgia,  to  Lee  and  Gordon's  Mill,  Georgia.  Third,  the  road  from  Lee  and 
Gordon's  Mill,  Georgia,  to  Crawfish  Spring,  Georgia.  Fourth,  the  road  from  Crawfish 
Spring,  Georgia,  to  the  crossing  of  the  Chickamauga  at  Glass'  Mill,  Georgia.  Fifth, 
the  Dry  Valley  road  from  Rossville,  Georgia,  to  the  southern  limits  of  McFarland's 
Gap  in  Missionary  Ridge.  Sixth,  the  Dry  Valley  and  Crawfish  Spring  road  from  Mc- 
Farland's Gap  to  the  intersection  of  the  road  from  Crawfish  Spring  to  Lee  and  Gordon's 
Mill.  Seventh,  the  road  from  Ringgold,  Georgia,  to  Reed's  bridge  on  the  Chickamauga 
Hiver.  Eighth,  the  roads  from  the  crossing  of  Lookout  Creek  across  the  northern  slope 
of  Lookout  Mountain,  and  thence  to  the  old  Summertown  road  and  to  the  valley  on  the 
east  slope  of  said  mountain,  and  thence  by  the  route  of  General  Joseph  Hooker's  trocps 
to  Rossville,  Georgia;  and  each  and  all  of  these  herein-described  roads  shall,  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  remain  open  as  free  public  highways,  and  all  rights  of  way  now 
existing  through  the  grounds  of  the  said  park  and  its  approaches  shall  be  continued. 

Section  2.  That  upon  the  ceding  of  jurisdiction  by  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of 
Georgia,  and  the  report  of  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States  that  a  perfect 
title  has  been  secured  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  approved  August  1,  1888,  entitled 
"An  act  to  authorize  ccndemnation  of  land  for  sites  of  public  buildings,  and  for  other 
purposes,"  the  lands  and  roads  embraced  in  the  area  bounded  as  herein  described,  to- 
gether with  the  roads  described  in  section  1  of  this  act,  are  hereby  declared  to  be  a 
national  park,  to  be  krown  as  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Park;  that 
is  to  say,  the  area  inclosed  by  a  line  beginning  on  the  Lafayette  or  State  road,  in 
Georgia,  at  a  point  where  the  bottom  of  the  ravine  next  north  of  the  house  known  on 
the  field  of  Chickamauga  as  the  Cloud  House,  and  being  about  six  hundred  yards 
north  of  said  house,  due  east  to  the  Chickamauga  River,  and  due  west  to  the  intersec- 
tion of  the  Dry  Valley  road  at  McFarland's  Gap;  thence  along  the  west  side  of  the 
Dry  Valley  and  Crawfish  Spring  roads  to  the  south  side  of  the  road  from  Crawfish 
Spring  to  Lee  and  Gordon's  Mill;  thence  along  the  south  side  of  the  last-named  road  to 
Lee  and  Gordon's  Mill;  thence  along  the  channel  of  the  Chickamauga  River  to  the  line 
forming  the  northern  boundary  of  the  park,  as  hereinbefore  described,  containing  seven 
thousand  six  hundred  acres,  more  or  less. 

Section  3.  That  the  said  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Park,  and  the  ap- 
proaches thereto,  shall  be  under  the  control  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  it  shall 
be  his  duty,  immediately  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  to  notify  the  Attorney  General 
of  the  purpose  of  the  United  States  to  acquire  title  to  the  roads  and  lands  described 
in  the  previous  sections  of  this  act  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  August  1,  1888; 
and  the  said  Secretary,  upon  receiving  notice  from  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United 
States  that  perfect  titles  have  been  secured  to  the  said  lands  and  roads,  shall  at  once 
proceed  to  establish  and  substantially  mark  the  boundaries  of  the  said  park. 

Section  4.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized  to  enter  into  agreements, 
upon  such  nominal  terms  as  he  may  prescribe,  with  such  present  owners  of  the  land 
as  may  desire  to  remain  upon  it,  to  occupy  and  cultivate  their  present  holdings, 
upon  condition  that  they  will  preserve  the  present  buildings  and  roads,  and  the 
present  outlines  of  field  and  forest,  and  that  they  will  only  cut  trees  or  underbrush 
under  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  may  prescribe,  and  that  they  will  assist  in 
caring  for  and  protecting  all  tablets,  monuments,  or  such  other  artificial  works  as 
may  from  time  to  time  be  erected  by  proper  authority. 

Section  5.  That  the  affairs  of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Park  shall, 
subject  to  the  supervision  and  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  be  In  charge  of 
three  commissioners,  each  of  whom  shall  have  actively  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga  or  one  of  the  battles  about  Chattanooga,  two  to  be  appointed  from 
civil  life  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  a  third,  who  shall  be  detailed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  from  among  those  officers  of  the  army  best  acquainted  with  the  details 
of  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga,  who  shall  act  as  secretary  of  the 
commission.  The  said  commissioners  and  secretary  shall  have  an  office  in  the  War 
Department  building,  and  while  on  actual  duty  shall  be  paid  such  compensation, 
out  of  the  appropriation  provided  in  this  act,  as  the  Secretary  of  War  shall  deem 
reasonable  and  just. 

Section  6.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioners  named  in  the  preceding 
section,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  superintend  the  opening  of 
such  roads  as  may  be  necessary  to  the  purposes  of  the  park,  and  the  repair  of  the 
roads  of  the  same,  and  to  ascertain  and  definitely  mark  the  lines  of  battle  of  all 
troops  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga,  so  far  as  the  same 
shall  fall  within  the  lines  of  the  park  as  defined  in  the  previous  sections  of  this  act; 
and  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  them  in  their  duties  and  ascertaining  these  lines 

26 


396  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

the  Secretary  of  War  shall  have  authority  to  employ,  at  such  compensation  as  he 
may  deem  reasonable  and  just,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  appropriation  made  by  this  act, 
some  person  recognized  as  well  informed  in  regard  to  the  details  of  the  battles  of 
Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga,  and  who  shall  have  actively  participated  in  one  of 
those  battles;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  from  and  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  through  the  commissioners  and  their  assistant  In  historical  work, 
and  under  the  act  approved  August  1,  1888,  regulating  the  condemnation  of  land  for 
public  uses,  to  proceed  with  the  preliminary  work  of  establishing  the  park  and  its 
approaches  as  the  same  are  defined  in  this  act;  and  the  expenses  thus  incurred  shall 
he  paid  out  of  the  appropriation  provided  by  this  act. 

Section  7.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commissioners,  acting  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  ascertain  and  substantially  mark  the  locations  of  the 
regular  troops,  both  infantry  and  artillery,  within  the  boundaries  of  the  park,  and 
to  erect  monuments  upon  those  positions  as  Congress  may  provide  the  necessary 
appropriations;  and  the  Secretary  of  War  in  the  same  way  may  ascertain  and  mark 
all  lines  of  battle  within  the  boundaries  of  the  park  and  erect  plain  and  substantial 
historical  tablets  at  such  points  in  the  vicinity  of  the  park  and  its  approaches  as  he 
may  deem  fitting  and  necessary  to  clearly  designate  positions  and  movements 
which?  although  without  the  limits  of  the  park,  were  directly  connected  with  the 
battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga. 

Section  8.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  authorities  of  any  State  having  troops 
engaged  either  at  Chattanooga  or  Chickamauga,  and  for  the  officers  and  directors  of 
the  Chickamauga  Memorial  Association,  a  corporation  chartered  under  the  laws  of 
Georgia,  to  enter  upon  the  lands  and  approaches  of  the  Chickamauga  and  Chatta- 
nooga National  Park  for  the  purposes  of  ascertaining  and  marking  the  lines  of  bat- 
tle of  troops  engaged  therein:  Provided,  That  before  any  such  lines  are  permanently 
designated  the  position  of  the  lines  and  the  proposed  methods  of  marking  them,  by 
monuments,  tablets,  or  otherwise,  shall  be  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
shall  first  receive  the  written  approval  of  the  Secretary,  which  approval  shall  be 
based  upon  formal  written  reports,  which  must  be  made  to  him  in  each  case  by  the 
commissioners  of  the  park. 

Section  9.  That  the  Secretary  of  War,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  shall  have  the  power  to  make,  and  shall  make,  all  needed  regulations 
for  the  care  of  the  park  and  for  the  establishment  and  marking  of  the  lines  of  battle 
and  other  historical  features  of  the  park. 

Section  10.  That  if  any  person  shall  wilfully  destroy,  mutilate,  deface,  injure,  or 
remove  any  monument,  column,  statues,  memorial  structure  or  work  of  art,  that 
shall  be  erected  or  placed  upon  the  grounds  of  the  park  by  lawful  authority,  or  shall 
wilfully  destroy  or  remove  any  force,  railing,  inclosure,  or  other  work  for  the  pro- 
tection or  ornament  of  said  park,  or  any  portion  thereof,  or  shall  wilfully  destroy, 
cut,  hack,  bark,  break  down  or  otherwise  injure  any  tree  or  bush  or  shrubbery 
that  may  be  growing  upon  said  park,  or  shall  cut  down  or  fell  or  remove  any  timber, 
battle  relic,  tree  or  trees  growing  or  being  upon  such  park,  except  by  permission  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  or  shall  wilfully  remove  or  destroy  any  breast-works,  earth- 
works, walls,  or  other  defenses  or  shelter,  or  any  part  thereof,  constructed  by  the 
armies  formerly  engaged  in  the  battles  on  the  lands  or  approaches  to  the  park,  any 
person  so  offending  and  found  guilty  thereof,  before  any  justice  of  the  peace  of  the 
county  in  which  the  offense  may  be  committed,  shall  for  each  and  every  such  offense 
forfeit  and  pay  a  fine,  in  the  discretion  of  the  justice,  according  to  the  aggravation 
of  the  offense,  of  not  less  than  five  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars,  one-half  to  the  use 
of  the  park  and  the  other  half  to  the  Informer,  to  be  enforced  and  recovered,  before 
such  Justice,  in  like  manner  as  debts  of  like  nature  are  now  by  law  recoverable  in 
the  several  counties'  where  the  offense  may  be  committed. 

Section  11.  That  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  War  to  begin  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of 
this  act,  including  the  condemnation  and  purchase  of  the  necessary  land,  marking 
the  boundaries  of  the  park,  opening  or  repairing  necessary  roads,  maps  and  sur- 
veys, and  the  pay  and  expenses  of  the  commissioners  and  their  assistant,  the  sum  of 
$125,000,  or  such  portion  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated,  out 
of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  and  disbursements  under 
this  act  shall  require  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  he  shall  make  annual 
report  of  the  same  to  Congress. 

Approved,   August  19,   1890. 

The  bill  was  House  bill  No.  6454.  In  the  ordinary  progress  of  busi- 
ness the  bill  went  to  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  and  was  reported 
back  by  House  Report  No.  643,  which  is  in  the  following  language: 


CHTCKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  397 

[House  Report  No    643,  Fifty-first  Congress,  first  session.] 

Mr.  Lansing,  from  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  submitted  the  following 
report: 

The  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  to  whom  was  referred  the  bill  (H.  R.  6454)  to  es- 
tablish a  national  military  park  at  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga,  having  had  the 
same  under  consideration,  respectfully  report  the  same,  with  an  amendment,  and 
reccrnmend  that  the  bill  as  amended  do  pass. 

The  bill  under  consideration  establishes  as  a  national  military  park  the  approaches 
which  overlook  and  the  ground  upon  which  occurred  some  of  the  most  remarkable 
tactical  movements  and  the  deadliest  fighting  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  namely, 
the  fields  of  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga. 

The  preservation  for  national  study  of  the  lines  of  decisive  battles,  especially 
when  the  tactical  movements  were  unusual  both  in  numbers  and  military  ability, 
and  when  the  fields  embraced  great  natural  difficulties,  may  properly  be  regarded  as 
a  matter  of  national  importance. 

This  your  committee  understands  to  be  the  underlying  idea  of  that  noted  organi- 
zation of  Union  soldiers,  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  with  whom 
the  pending  project  originated.  Interested  with  thim,  and  supporting  them  in  the 
movement,  we  find  leading  representatives  of  all  the  Eastern  and  of  all  the  Western 
armies;  and  for  this  we  find  ready  explanation  in  the  fact  that  all  the  armies  and 
nearly  every  State  of  the  North  and  each  State  of  the  South  had  troops  on  one  or 
both  these  fields. 

The  proposition  to  mark  the  lines  of  both  sides  is  held  to  be  absolutely  necessary 
to  a  clear  understanding  of  the  fields  and  to  the  sufficient  illustration  of  the  persist- 
ent, stubborn,  and  deadly  fighting  of  American  soldiers,  which  made  the  field  of 
Chickamauga  for  both  sides,  as  the  statistics  show,  one  of  the  bloodiest,  if  not  the 
bloodiest,  battlefields  for  the  numbers  engaged  and  the  time  of  their  fighting  of  any 
of  the  great  battles  of  the  modern  world,  from  the  days  of  the  first  Napoleon  to  the 
close  of  the  war  for  the  Union. 

The  corresponding  field  for  Eastern  operations  is  Gettysburg,  where  every  State  in 
the  Union  is  interested,  and  the  necessity  of  marking  both  lines  to  an  intelligent 
study  of  the  field  has  been  recognized  in  a  proposition  before  this  Congress  to  provide 
for  marking  the  Confederate  lines  upon  that  noted  field. 

The  proposed  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  National  Park  consists  of  two  fea- 
tures—the approaches  and  the  park  proper.  It  is  expected  that  title  to  the  former 
will  be  obtained  by  the  United  States,  without  cost,  through  cession  of  jurisdiction 
by  the  States  of  Tennessee  and  Georgia,  respectively,  of  the  public  roads  now  in 
existence,  and  which  it  is  proposed  to  utilize  as  approaches  to  the  park.  No  appro- 
priation is,  therefore,  made  for  their  purchase,  and  informal  assurances  have  been 
given  for  their  prompt  cession  to  the  United  States. 

The  battlefield  of  Chickamauga  proper  forms  the  body  of  the  park.  As  described  n. 
the  bill,  it  embraces  about  7,600  acres.  It  is  proposed  to  obtain  title  to  this  by 
condemnation  under  the  general  act.  In  order  that  no  resident  on  the  tract  may 
feel  himself  driven  from  home  or  his  possessions,  it  is  provided  that  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  may  arrange  with  all  who  desire  to  remain  to  lease  their  lands  at  a 
nominal  rent,  the  conditions  on  their  side  being  that  they  will  aid  in  the  care  of  the 
grounds  and  in  preserving  all  the  natural  features  of  the  field  as  they  now  exist. 

The  approaches  to  the  field  form  most  important  adjuncts  of  the  proposed  national 
park.  The  approach  from  Chattar.ooga  begins  at  or  near  Sherman  Heights,  at  the 
north  end  of  Missionary  Ridge.  This  is  the  battlefield  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee, 
under  General  W.  T.  Sherman,  during  the  operations  about  Chattanooga,  November  23. 
24,  and  25,  1863.  From  this  point  this  approach  runs  along  the  crest  of  Missionary 
Ridge  to  Rossville  Gap.  Throughcut  its  whole  length  it  overlooks  the  battlefield  of 
General  Hocycer's  troops,  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  Lookout  Mountain,  and 
terminates  where  these  troops,  after  the  battle  on  the  mountain,  reached  and  crossed 
Missionary  Ridge.  This  approach  also  overlooks  the  ground  of  the  first  day's  opera- 
tions about  Orchard  Knob,  and  coincides  throughout  its  length  with  the  lines  of 
General  Bragg' s  army,  and  thus  passes  along  the  entire  front  of  the  famous  assault 
of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  under  General  Thomas,  upon  Missionary  Ridge. 

The  continuation  of  this  first-described  approach  is  the  Lafayette  or  State  road 
from  Rossville,  Ga.,  passing  through  the  center  of  the  battlefield  of  Chickamauga, 
and  being  the  axis  and  the  prize  of  the  fight,  to  Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill  on  the  Chick- 
amauga River,  which  was  opposite  the  center  of  the  Confederate  army  at  the  open- 
ing of  the  battle,  and  thence  to  Crawfish  Spring,  the  point  from  which  the  Union  army 
advanced  to  the  battle,  and  thence  to  Glass'  Mill,  on  the  Chickamauga,  the  left  of  the 
Confederate  line  of  battle.  The  third  approach  is  the  road  from  the  junction  of  the 


398  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

first  two  at  nossville.  Ga.,  along  the  northern  foot  of  Missionary  Ridge,  to  McFar- 
land's  Gap,  being-  the  road  over  which  the  Union  army  advanced  to  Chattanooga 
after  the  battle,  and  forming  the  entrance  to  the  northern  portion  of  the  proposed 
park.  These  are  all  roads  which,  for  the  most  part,  like  those  of  the  battlefield 
Itself,  have  a  stony  or  flinty  foundation,  and  which  require  comparatively  little  care, 
and  all  of  them  are  to  be  obtained  without  cost  to  the  United  States. 

The  following  are  the  lengths  of  the  approaches  and  roads  thus  to  be  ceded  to  the 
United  States  without  cost: 

Miles. 

Sherman  Heights  to  Rossville 6 

Rossvllle  to  Lee  &  Gordon's 7 

Rossville  to  McFarland's  Gap,   2 

McFarland's  Gap  to  Crawfish  Spring  road 6 

Lee  &  Gordon's  Mill  to  Crawfish  Spring,    2 

Crawfish  Spring  to  Glass'  Mills,    2 

Total 25 

The  purpose  is  to  maintain  the  bcdy  of  the  park,  which  embraces  the  field  of  Chlck- 
amauga,  as  near  as  may  be  in  its  present  condition  as  to  roads,  fields,  forests,  and 
houses.  There  have  been  scarcely  any  changes  in  those  respects  since  the  battle, 
except  in  the  growth  of  underbrush  and  timber.  Almost  the  only  work  of  any 
consequence  In  the  restoration  of  the  entire  field  to  its  condition  at  the  time  of  the 
battle  will  be  the  cutting  away  of  underbrush  over  a  very  limited  area. 

The  roads  as  they  now  exist  are  the  same  as  were  used  in  the  battle,  and  very  little 
road  construction  will  hereafter  be  necessary  to  give  access  to  every  point  of  interest 
on  the  field.  When,  therefore,  once  established,  the  cost  of  the  care  of  the  park  and 
its  approaches  will  b'"1  very  small. 

The  area  which  It  is  proposed  to  acquire  for  the  park  by  condemnation  contains,  as 
near  as  may  be,  7,000  acres.  The  land  is  largely  forest  and  ridge  land,  though  there 
is  considerable  good  farming  land  in  the  tract.  The  average  cost  of  the  whole  can 
not,  with  all  improvements,  exceed  $20  an  acre.  The  sum  appropriated  by  the  bill, 
which  is  $250,000,*  will  be  ample  for  the  complete  establishment  of  the  park,  includ- 
ing preliminary  surveys,  fixing  its  boundaries,  surfacing  its  roads,  and  ascertaining 
the  military  positions. 

The  purpose  is  to  have  each  State  which  had  troops  engaged  on  the  field  provide 
the  monuments  for  marking  the  positions  of  the  troops,  after  the  general  plan  here- 
tofore pursued  at  Gettysburg  by  the  Gettysburg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association. 
This  work  will  be  performed  at  Chickamauga  and  Chattanooga  by  the  Chickamauga 
Memorial  Association,  acting  under  the  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  War.  This 
latter  association  is  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  Georgia.  Its  charter  specially 
states  that  it  will  not  issue  stock,  and  that  its  objects  are  not  pecuniary  gain.  Its 
incorporators  number  one  hundred,  half  of  them  ex-Union  veterans  of  prominence 
In  the  battle  and  the  other  half  ex-Confederate  soldiers  of  equal  prominence  on  their 
side. 

The  sole  expense  to  the  Unite  1  States  for  monuments  will  be  those  for  marking  th» 
positions  of  the  regular  regiments  and  batteries,  being  only  sixteen  in  number  for 
both  fields. 

The  approaches  to  the  park  which  traverse  Missionary  Ridge  can  be  cheaply  and 
quickly  reached  from  Chattanooga  by  four  turnpikes,  and  by  steam  and  electric  rail- 
roads, upon  which  the  fare  is  fiv»  cents.  The  Chickamauga  field  can  be  reached  by 
railroad  in  fifteen  minutes  from  Chattanooga,  this  road  traversing  the  whole  field 
from  McFarland's  Gap  to  Crawfish  Spring.  Two  other  railroads  will  add  facilities 
for  reaching  other  portions  of  the  park  as  soon  as  its  establishment  is  secured. 

Tour  committee  find  the  interest  in  this  project  widespread.  To  such  an  extent 
is  this  true  that  it  may  properly  be  called  national.  The  recent  demands  for  the  new 
maps  of  Chickamauga,  from  every  section  of  the  Union,  illustrate  this  fact.  The 
Union  armies  of  the  Tennessee,  the  Cumberland,  and  the  Potomac,  under  Generals 
Sherman,  Rosecrans,  Thomas,  and  Hooker,  all  finally  united  under  General  Grant, 
are  equally  interested  In  preserving  the  lines  of  this  extended  and  notable  battle 
ground. 

On  the  Confederate  side  the  armies  of  the  Tennessee,  of  North  Virginia  through 
General  Longstreet's  corps,  of  the  Mississippi  through  General  Johnston's  troops,  and 
General  Bucki.er's  army  from  East  Tennessee,  were  all  engaged. 

•Reduced  to  and  passe  i  at  $125,000. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  399 

The  Regular  Army  had  nine  regiments  and  seven  batteries  on  these  fields,  while  the 
following  eighteen  States  had  trocps  in  the  Union  army  engaged  In  these  move- 
ments: Maine.  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey, 
Maryland,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Illi- 
nois, Kansas,  Missouri  and  Tennessee.  Every  Confederate  State  had  troops  on  these 
fields,  while  Kentucky,  Missouri  and  Tennessee  cantributed  numerously  to  both  armies. 

As  already  stated,  the  figures  show  Chickamauga  to  rank,  for  the  numbers  engaged 
and  the  time  of  their  fighting,  among  the  most  noted  battles  of  the  modern  world. 

Wellington  lost  twelve  per  cent,  at  Waterloo;  Napoleon  fourteen  and  one-half  per  cent, 
at  Austerlitz  and  fourteen  per  cent,  at  Marengo.  The  average  losses  of  both  armies  at 
Magenta  and  Snlferino,  in  1859,  was  less  than  nine  per  cent.  At  KOniggratz,  In  1866,  It 
was  six  per  cent.  At  Worth,  Mars-la-Tour,  Gravelotte,  and  Sedan,  In  1870,  the  average 
loss  was  twelve  per  cent. 

The  marvel  of  German  fighting  In  the  Franco-Prussian  war  was  by  the  Third  West- 
phalian  Infantry  at  Mars-la-Tour.  It  took  3,000  men  into  action  and  lost  40.4  per  cent. 
Next  to  this  record  was  that  of  the  Garde-Schiitzen  battalion,  1,000  strong,  at  Metz, 
which  lost  46.1  per  cent.  There  were  several  brigades  on  each  side  at  Chickamauga 
and  very  many  regiments  whose  losses  exceeded  these  figures  for  Mars-la-Tour  and 
Metz. 

The  average  losses  on  each  side  for  the  troops  which  fought  through  the  two  days 
were  fully  thirty-three  per  cent.,  while  for  many  portions  of  each  line  the  losses 
reached  fifty  per  cent.,  and  for  s&me  even  seventy-five  per  cent. 

A  field  as  renowned  as  this  for  the  stubbornness  and  brilliancy  of  its  fighting,  not 
only  In  our  own  war,  but  when  compared  with  all  modern  wars,  has  an  importance 
to  the  nation  as  an  object  lesson  of  what  is  possible  in  American  fighting,  and  the 
national  value  of  the  preservation  of  such  lines  for  historical  and  professional  study 
must  be  apparent  to  all  reflecting  minds.  The  political  questions  which  were  involved 
in  the  contest  do  not  enter  into  this  view  of  the  subject,  nor  do  they  belong  to  it. 
The  proposition  for  establishing  the  park  Is  in  all  its  aspects  a  purely  military  project. 

The  Eastern  armies  have  already  the  noted  field  of  Gettysburg  upon  which  to  mark 
and  preserve  the  history  of  their  movements  and  their  renowned  fighting.  To  this 
the  Government  ha.i  already  made  liberal  appropriations  to  mark  the  positions  of  the 
regular  forces  there  engaged,  and  for  other  purposes. 

It  seems  fitting  that  the  Western  armies  should  select  a  field  and  be  assisted  In 
preserving  It  by  the  General  Government.  It  Is  easy  to  see,  from  the  facts  presented, 
that  there  Is  no  other  field  upon  which  all  the  armies  were  as  fully  represented. 
There  is  probably  no  other  in  the  world  which  presents  more  formidable  natural 
obstacles  to  great  military  operations  than  the  slopes  of  Lookout  Mountain  and 
Missionary  Ridge,  while,  as  shown,  there  Is  no  field  that  surpasses  Chickamauga  in 
the  deadliness  and  persistence  of  its  fighting. 

The  tactical  movements  were  nrmerous  and  brilliant  on  each  field,  and  many  of 
them  remarkable.  Indeed,  both  are  as  noted  In  this  respect  as  in  the  character  of  the 
fighting. 

There  were  present  upon  one  or  the  other,  and  In  the  case  of  most,  upon  both  fields, 
Grant,  Sherman,  Thomas,  Rosecrans,  Hooker,  Sheridan,  and  Granger,  of  the  Union 
Army;  and  Bragg,  Longstreet,  Hcod,  Hardee,  Buckner,  Polk,  D.  H.  Hill,  Wheeler, 
Forrest,  and  Jc-hnson,  of  the  Confederate  forces.  The  preservation  of  these  fields  will 
preserve  to  the  nation,  for  historical  and  military  study,  the  best  efforts  which  these 
noted  officers,  commanding  American  veterans,  were  able  to  put  forth. 

The  two  together  form  one  of  the  most  valuable  object  lessons  In  the  art  of  war, 
and  one  which,  looking  solely  to  the  Interests  of  the  public,  may  properly  be  preserved. 

Tour  committee  therefore  recommend  the  passage  of  the  bill,  'with  the  amend- 
ment on  page  six,  which  is  inserted  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  Secretary  of 
War  to  take  advantage  of  the  whole  of  the  coming  season  In  expediting  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  park,  it  having  been  made  to  appear  to  your  committee  that  much 
preliminary  work  can  be  done  while  awaiting  the  process  of  condemning  the  land 
and  the  action  of  the  State  legislatures  in  ceding  jurisdiction.  The  accompanying  map 
shows  the  outlines  of  the  proposed  park  and  the  location  of  the  approaches. 

The  magnitude  of  the  great  battle  of  Chickamauga  Is  graphically 
Illustrated  in  this  report.  The  bill  having  passed  the  House,  went  to  the 
Senate,  and  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  of  the  Senate  adopted  the 
House  report,  and  the  bill  passed  and  became  a  law. 

Subsequent  legislation    has»   been  had — one  item  of  an   appropriation 


400  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

•  bill  providing  for  the  condemnation  of  the  land  of  Chickamauga  Park, 
wheie  it  was  found  impossible  to  agree  with  the  owners  thereof;  and  in 
the  Fifty-second  Congress  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  bill  provided 
for  the  purchase  of  Orchard  Knob,  Sherman  Earthworks,  and  sites  for 
observation  towers  on  the  outlying  places,  and  Bragg's  Headquarters 
Park,  on  Missionary  Ridge.  And  in  the  second  session  of  the  same 
Congress,  by  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  bill,  authority  was  given  for 
the  purchase  of  the  north  end  of  Missionary  Ridge  and  sites  in  the 
vicinity  of  Glass'  Mill.  In  the  third  session  of  the  Fifty-third  Congress 
authority  was  given  for  the  erection  of  memorial  gates,  and  the  purchase 
of  sites  for  monuments;  and  later  on,  by  an  act  approved  December  15, 
1894,  provision  was  made  for  the  dedication  of  Chickamauga  and  Chat- 
tanooga National  Park,  and  providing  funds  for  the  expenses  of  the  War 
Department  at  the  same. 


"*r 


INSCRIPTIONS 


MONUMENTS  AND  TABLETS 


PENNSYLVANIA   REGIMENTS 


ENGAGED  IN  THE  BATTLES  OF 


CHICKAMAUGA,  BROWN'S    FERRY,  WAUHATCHIE,  ORCHARD  KNOB, 
LOOKOUT    MOUNTAIN,   MISSIONARY  RIDGE  AND  RINGGOLD. 


M01) 


(402) 


INSCRIPTIONS  ON  MONUMENTS  AND  TABLETS  OF  PENN- 
SYLVANIA REGIMENTS  ENGAGED  IN  THE  BATTLES  OF 
CHICKAMAUGA,  BROWN'S  FERRY,  WAUHATCHIE,  ORCHARD 
KNOB,  LOOKOUT  MOUNTAIN,  MISSIONARY  RIDGE  AND 
RINGGOLD. 


27th  Regiment 

Pennsylvania 

Volunteer  Infantry, 

1st  Brigade,  2d  Division, 

llth  Army  Corps. 

This  Regiment  took  an  Active  part  at 
Wauhatchie  and  Missionary  Ridge. 

Number  of  Officers  and  Men  in 

Action  at  Missionary  Ridge,  240. 

One  Officer  and  45  Men  Killed. 

6  Officers  and  80  Men  Wounded. 


28th  Pennsylvania  Infantry, 

1st  Brigade,  2d  Division. 

12th  Corps. 


Mustered  in  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  28th,  1861. 

Re-enlisted  as  Veteran  Volunteers  at  Wauhatchie,  Tennessee,  t>r- 
cember  23d,  1863. 

Mustered  out  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  18th,  1865. 

Participated  in  the  Chattanooga  campaign,  November,  1863;  assault 
and  capture  of  Lookout  Mountain,  November  24th,  1863;  assault  and 
capture  of  Missionary  Ridge  (Rossville  Gap),  November  25th.  1863;  en- 
gagement at  Pea  Vine  Creek,  November  26th,  1863;  assault  and  capture 
of  (Taylor's  Ridge)  Ringgold,  November  27th,  1863. 

Losses  in  the  campaign:  Killed  and  died  of  wounds,  13;  wounded, 
21;  total,  34. 

(403) 


404  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Twenty-ninth  Regiment, 

Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry, 

Colonel  William  Rickards,  Jr.,  Commanding, 

Cobham's  Brigade,  Geary's  Division. 

Slocum's  Twelfth  Corps. 

Hooker's  Detachment 
From  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 


"Battle  Above  the  Clouds." 


Twenty-ninth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Infantry. 

This  Regiment  was  the  picket  of  Geary's  White  Star  Division,  the  night 
of  October  28th,  1863,  at  Wauhatchie,  and  received  the  first  attack  of 
Hood's  force  upon  that  division  about  midnight. 

It  participated  in  the  battle  of  Wauhatchie,  which  lasted  nearly  three 
hours. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  November  24th,  1863,  the  Regiment  led  the  ad- 
vance of  Hooker's  assault  on  Lookout  Mountain,  crossing  Lookout  Creek 
at  Light's  Mill,  about  three  miles  south  of  this  point  at  the  base  of  the 
mountain,  ascended  the  mountain  to  the  Palisades;  then  facing  north, 
advanced  towards  the  left  flank  of  the  Confederate  line  nearly  two  miles 
distant. 

Assisted  in  forcing  the  enemy  from  his  works,  finally  reaching  this 
point,  the  highest  then  accessible. 

The  Regiment  continued  the  attack  on  the  narrow  ledge  to  the  left  of 
this  Tablet,  reaching  a  point  five  hundred  yards  south,  holding  it  until 
relieved  at  9.30  P.  M.  to  replenish  ammunition. 

During  the  night  the  enemy  retired  from  the  mountain  across  the 
valley  to  Missionary  Ridge.  The  next  morning,  November  25th,  1863,  the 
battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  opened  on  the  extreme  left.  The  Regiment 
descended  the  mountain,  crossed  the  valley  directly  east  of  the  point 
and  joined  in  the  assault  on  Missionary  Ridge,  breaking  the  enemy's 
line  and  reaching  the  crest  about  6  P.  M. 

On  November  27th,  1863,  the  Regiment  became  engaged  at  Ringgold 
in  pursuit  of  Bragg's  Army,  advanced  across  the  open  field  in  front  of 
depot  and  took  part  in  the  engagement  until  its  close. 

The  Regiment  returned  to  its  camp  near  Wauhatchie,  December  1st, 
1863. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  405 

46th  Pennsylvania  Infantry. 
1st  Brigade  (Knipe's), 
1st  Division  (Williams'), 
12th  Corps  (Slocum), 
Joe  Hooker's  Command. 

This  Regiment  Rendered  important 

Service  as  rear  guard  in 

The  Movements  and  Actions  of  the 

Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Corps 

In  opening  and  Maintaining 

Communications  with 

The  Army  of  the  Cumberland  at 

Chattanooga, 

Prom  Nashville,  via  Nashville  and 
Chattanooga  Rail  Road  and  the 

Tennessee  River. 

Organized  August,  1861. 

Discharged  July,  1865. 


The  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania, 

To   Her 

Seventy-Fifth  Regiment  Infantry,  Volunteers, 
Major  August  Ledig,  Commanding. 

Wauhatchie, 

Lookout  Mountain, 

Missionary  Ridge. 

Organized  at  Philadelphia,  in  August,  1861,  by 

Colonel  Henry  Bohlen. 
Discharged  at  Murfreesboro,  Tennessee,  September  1st,  1865. 


(On  second  base.) 

75th  Pennsylvania  Infantry. 

3rd  Brigade,  3rd  Division,  llth  Corps. 


Pennsylvania. 

77th  Regiment 

Veteran  Infantry. 

2nd  Brig.,  2nd  Div.,  20th  Army  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Cumberland. 


406  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

(Bronze  Tablet.) 
Night  battle  scene,  8  P.  M.,  Sept.  19th,  1863. 


Representing  the  attack  made  by  Generals  Deshler's  and  Smith's  Con- 
federate Brigades  upon  these  lines  of  Colonel  Dodge's  Union  Brigade,  at 
the  time  when  General  Smith  and  Staff  rode  into  the  line  of  the  77th 
Pennsylvania  Infantry,  General  Smith  and  two  members  of  his  staff 
being  killed. 


(Bronze  Tablet.) 

This  Monument  is  erected  by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  to  her  77th 
Regiment  of  Infantry  and  marks  the  spot  where  it  performed  most  im- 
portant duty  during  a  night  engagement,  Sept.  19th,  1863,  Colonel  Thomas 
E.  Rose,  commanding. 

On  the  18th  of  September  the  Regiment  moved  north  along  the  crest 
of  Lookout  Mountain  to  Steven's  Gap,  descending  into  McLemore's  Cove, 
in  front  of  the  enemy. 

Early  on  the  morning  of  the  19th  it  moved  rapidly  north,  passing  Craw- 
fish Springs  to  near  the  Kelly  House,  forming  in  line  of  battle, 
thence  moving  eastwardly  and  soon  striking  the  enemy  and  driving 
him,  by  severe  fighting,  to  this  point. 

About  6.30  P.  M.  an  attack  was  made  upon  its  lines  and  a  desperate 
struggle  ensued,  the  enemy  closing  in  on  front  and  both  flanks,  till,  to 
distinguish  friend  from  foe  was  impossible. 

At  9  P.  M.,  overpowered  by  numbers,  all  the  field  officers,  7  company  of- 
ficers and  70  of  the  men  were  taken  prisoners. 

Casualties:  Killed,  Wounded  and   Missing,   143. 

Number  Engaged,  270. 

Organized  August  1st,  1861. 

Discharged  January  16th,  1866. 


The 
Commonwealth 

of 

Pennsylvania. 

Her  78th  Infantry  Regiment. 
Lieut.-Ool.  Archibald  Blakeley,  Commanding. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  407 

Chickamauga.  Chattanooga. 

September  18th,  19th  and  20th,  1863.    November  23rd,  24th  and  25th,  1863. 
Sirwell's  Brigade,  Starkweather's  Brigade, 

Negley's  Division,  Johnson's  Division, 

Thomas'  Corps.  Palmer's  Corps. 

Army  of  the  Cumberland. 


78th 
Pennsylvania. 

Night  of  18th  and  forenoon  of  19th,  September,  1863,  held  fords  of  the 
Chickamauga,  protecting  McCook's  Corps,  marching  from  McLemore's 
Cove  to  the  battlefield. 

Afternoon  of  19th,  followed  McCook,  passing  him  in  action,  south  of 
Widow  Glenn  House. 

Formed  on  crest  of  hill  north  of  Widow  Glenn  House. 

Charged  en  echelon,  across  Dyer  field,  against  the  enemy  then 
holding  these  (Brotherton's)  woods,  drove  him  beyond  this  position  and 
held  it  under  fire  to  9.30  A.  M.  of  the  20th;  then  ordered  to  Snodgrass 
Hill  and  formed  across  hill  east  of  Snodgrass  House,  defending  for  two 
hours  a  battery  firing  over  the  Regiment  from  Snodgrass  House. 

Then,  by  orders  from  Brigade  and  Division  Commanders,  marched  over 
hills  to  McFarland's  Gap  and  formed  across  Dry  Valley  road;  halted  and 
re-formed  disorganized  troops,  retreating  from  the  broken  right  wing, 
until  after  dark. 

Was  in  the  movement  of  the  21st,  on  Missionary  Ridge,  and  at  night 
fell  back  with  the  army  to  the  new  lines  for  the  defence  of  Chattanooga. 

With  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  in  the  subsequent  engagements 
about  Chattanooga. 


79th  Regiment 

Pennsylvania 

Veteran  Volunteer 

Infantry. 

2d  Brigade,  1st  Division,  14th  Corps. 
Col.  Henry  A.  Hambright,  Commanding. 


This  Regiment  Held  this 
Position  From  Early 

Sunday  Morning, 
September  20th,  1863, 

Until  Evening, 
When  Ordered  to  Retire. 


408  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Number  Engaged 

In  Battle 

of  Chickamauga,  390. 
Killed.  Wounded 
and  Missing,  137. 


Organized  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pa.,  Sept.,  1861. 

Re-enlisted 

As  Veteran  Volunteers 
At  Chattanooga,  Tenn'e, 

February  12th,  1864. 

Mustered  out  at  Fairfax 

Seminary,  Va.,  July  12th,  1865. 


lllth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry, 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas  M.  Walker,  Commanding. 

Cobham's  2d  Brigade, 

Geary's  2d  Division, 

Slocum's  12th  Corps. 

Recruited  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  and  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
On  the  28th  day  of  October,  1863,  it  joined  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland, 
and  was  attacked  near  midnight  at  Wauhatchie  Station,  Tenn.,  by  troops 
of  Jenkins"  brigade  of  Hood's  division,  consisting  of  six  small  Confed- 
erate regiments,  under  command  of  Colonel  Bratton. 

This  Regiment  assisted  in  holding  the  enemy  in  check  while  the  brigade 
got  into  line,  when,  after  three  hours'  fighting,  the  enemy  was  repulsed 
and  returned  to  its  camp  on  Lookout. 

On  the  24th  of  November,  1863,  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  assault 
the  rugged  sides  of  Lookout  Mountain.  Under  cover  of  the  fog  it  marched 
to  Light's  Mills  and  up  the  mountain  side  until  the  right  of  the  line  rested 
under  the  palisades,  when,  facing  to  the  front,  the  line  extending  up  and 
down  the  mountain,  it  advanced,  and  forcing  back  the  enemy,  gained  a 
point  extending  from  the  palisades  towards  and  near  the  Craven  House. 

Facing  to  the  right,  it  gained  a  position  under  the  palisades,  where  the 
enemy  on  the  top  of  the  mountain  rolled  rocks  and  dropped  lighted  shells 
on  the  men  as  they  stood  with  their  backs  against  the  palisades,  while 
they  were  under  fire  of  sharpshooters  and  the  enemy  on  the  works  further 
down  the  mountain. 

Early  in  the  morning  of  the  25th  it  was  discovered  that  the  enemy  had 
evaluated  his  works,  and  some  of  the  adventurous  ones  climbed  up  rude 
ladders  and  gained  the  summit. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  409 

Leaving  Lookout  the  Regiment  crossed  the  valley  toward  Missionary 
Ridge. 
Loss:  one  killed,  eight  wounded. 


(Inscription  for  Marker  on  Battlefield  of  Wauhatchie.) 

lllth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Infantry, 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas  M.  Walker,  Commanding. 

Cobham's  2d  Brigade, 

Geary's  2d  Division, 

Slocum's  12th  Corps. 

On  the  evening  of  October  28th,  1863,  while  in  bivouac  in  this  position, 
the  enemy  came  from  Lookout  Mountain  about  midnight  and  attacked 
the  left  flank. 

The  Regiment  changed  front  to  rear  on  first  company  and  assisted  in 
holding  back  the  attacking  party  until  the  Brigade  was  in  line.  After 
three  hours'  fighting  the  enemy  was  repulsed,  losing  heavily. 

The  loss  of  the  Regiment  was  two  officers  killed  and  six  wounded;  six 
men  killed  and  thirty-one  wounded.  Major  John  A.  Boyle  and  Lieutenant 
Marvin  D.  Pettit  were  killed. 


The  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania 

To  Her 

147th  Infantry  Regiment, 

Colonel  Ario  Pardee,  Commanding. 

1st  Brigade,  2nd  Division,  12th  Corps. 


This  Regiment  was  transferred  from  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  the 
armies  operating  near  Chattanooga,  Tennessee.  Arriving  at  Wauhat- 
chie October  29th,  1863,  it  participated  with  General  Geary's  White 
Star  Division  in  the  capture  of  Lookout  Mountain,  November  24th,  1863. 
On  the  25th  crossed  the  Chattanooga  valley  to  the  foot  of  Missionary 
Ridge,  north  of  Rossville  Gap,  gaining  the  crest  about  three-fourths  of 
a  mile  n6rth  of  that  point,  and  assisting  in  the  capture  of  many  pris- 
oners during  and  after  the  charge  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  which 
drove  the  enemy  from  the  ridge,  then  followed  the  retreating  Confed- 
erate Army  on  the  26th  and  27th,  engaging. in  its  final  defeat  at  Ringgold, 
Georgia. 

Colonel  Charles  Candy, of  the  66th  Ohio  Infantry,  commanded  the  brigade 
at  the  battle  of  Lookout  Mountain,  and  Colonel  William  R.  Creighton, 
of  the  7th  Ohio  Infantry,  at  Missionary  Ridge,  and  to  Ringgold,  where  he 


410  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

was  killed,  and  the  command  devolved  on  Colonel  Thomas  J.  Ahl,  of  the 
28th  Pennsylvania  Infantry.  The  division  was  commanded  by  Brigadier 
General  John  W.  Geary  and  the  corps  by  Major  General  Henry  W. 
Slocum,  all  under  command  of  Major  General  Joseph  Hooker. 


Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 

(Bronze  Tablet,  Equestrian  Figure  of  Mounted  Cavalryman.) 

Minty's  (1st)  Brigade,  2d  Division  Cavalry  Corps, 

Army  of  the  Cumberland. 

(State  Coat-of-Arms.) 


Reverse  Side. 

"Encountered  the  enemy,  Johnson's  division  of  Hood's  corps,  already 
in  line  of  battle,  on  the  Ringgold  road  in  the  valley  of  the  Pea  Vine  Creek 
three  miles  east  of  this  point,  at  7  A.  M.,  September  18,  1863,  where,  at 
that  hour,  John  Ward,  of  Company  F,  was  killed. 

With  the  other  Regiments  of  the  Brigade  engaged  and  retarded  the 
enemy  and  prevented  him  from  crossing  Chickamauga  Creek  at  Reed's 
Bridge  until  3  P.  M. 

Reed's  Bridge  was  partially  dismantled,  but  restored  by  the  enemy. 

The  Regiment  retired  with  Wilder's  Brigade  toward  Viniard's  House, 
skirmishing  until  dark,  where  it  dismounted  and  remained  in  line  of 
battle  throughout  the  night. 

September  19th,  1863,  engaged  in  protecting  trains  moving  to  Rossville. 

September  20th,  1863,  guarded  left  flank  at  Graysville,  Chickamauga 
Station  and  Red  House  Bridge,  where  Scott's  brigade  of  Pegram's  cav- 
alry was  encountered  and  driven  east  across  the  creek. 

September  21st,  1863,  from  7  A.  M.  until  12  M.  skirmished  with  the 
enemy,  who  was  advancing  upon  General  Thomas  at  Rossville.  Captain 
D.  G.  May  killed. 

September  22nd,  1863,  at  Rossville  Gap,  attacked  by  the  enemy. 

September  23rd,  worked  in  trenches  at  Chattanooga. 

Casualties,  5  killed,  18  wounded. 

Organized  at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  November  18th,  1861. 

Disbanded  at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania,  August  23rd,  1865. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  411 

(Bronze  State  Coat-of-Arms.) 

The  Ninth  Pennsylvania  Veteran  Volunteer  Cavalry, 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Roswell  M.  Russell,  Commanding. 
Held  the  Upper  Ford  of  the  Chickamauga  on  the  19th  and  20th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1863. 


On  the  right  of  the  line  of  battle  in  the  vicinity  of  Crawfish  Springs 
until  3  o'clock  P.  M.  of  the  20th,  when  it  was  ordered  out  on  the  old 
Chattanooga  road  to  find  and  open  communications  with  General  Sheri- 
dan. The  Regiment  left  the  battlefield  about  sunset,  September  20th,  its 
rear  guard  repulsing  an  attack  of  cavalry  while  covering  the  forces 
falling  back  on  the  line. 

It  entered  Chattanooga  on  the  morning  of  the  22nd,  taking  a  position 
in  advance  of  the  intrenchments  then  being  thrown  up.  It  forded  the 
Tennessee  about  5  o'clock  P.  M.  under  fire  of  the  enemy's  batteries  on 
Missionary  Ridge  and  went  into  camp  opposite  the  city. 


(State  Coat-of-Arms,   Bronze.) 

15th 

Pennsylvania. 
Anderson 
Cavalry. 

(Bronze  Tablet,  Equestrian  Figure  of  Mounted  Cavalryman.) 
Department   Headquarters. 


(Bronze  Tablet.) 

The  Regiment,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  William  J.  Palmer, 
was  attached  to  Department  Headquarters  and  was  on  duty  in  detach- 
ments on  nearly  all  parts  of  the  field  of  battle.  With  General  Rosecrans, 
the  command  moved  from  the  Widow  Glenn's  and  was  concentrated  at 
and  occupied  this  position  on  Sunday  morning,  September  20,  1863,  at  11 
o'clock. 


Pennsylvania  Light  Artillery, 

Battery  B,  26th  Independent, 

Samuel  Beatty's  Brigade, 

Van  Cleve's  Division. 

Crittenden's  Corps. 

In  Action  in  this  position,  Afternoon  of 

September  19th,  1863. 
27 


412  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

(Bronze  State  Coat-of-Arms.) 

(On  Marker.) 
U.  S.  A.,  26th  Penn'a  Battery,  6  Guns. 

Van  Cleve's  Division. 
September  19th,  1863,  4  P.  M. 


Battery  E,  Pa.  Vol. 

— Knap's— 

Geary's  Div.    Hooker's  Com. 

1861 

To 

1865. 

Wauhatchie — Missionary  Ridge 

Lookout  Mountain— Ringgold. 

Erected 

1895. 


MAJ.  GEN.  GEORGE  H.  THOMAS 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


413 


ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND,  ORGANIZATION  OF,  DURING 
THE  BATTLE  OF  CHICKAMAUGA,  GA.,  SEPTEMBER  19TH 
AND  20TH,  1863. 


Maj.  Gen.  WM.  STARK  ROSECRANS,  Commanding. 
DEPARTMENT  HEADQUARTERS. 

1st  Battalion  Ohio  Sharpshooters,  Capt.  Gershom  M.  Barber. 
Provost  Guard,  10th  Ohio  Infantry,  Col.  Joseph  W.  Burke  and  Lt.  Col. 
Wm.  M.  Ward. 
Escort,  15th  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Col.  Wm.  J.  Palmer. 

FOURTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 
Maj.  Gen.  GEORGE  HENRY  THOMAS,  Commanding. 

Provost  Guard,  9th  Michigan  Infantry,*  Col.  John  G.  Parkhurst. 
Escort,  1st  Ohio  Cavalry,  Company  L,  Capt.  John  D.  Barker. 


FIRST  DIVISION. 

Brig.  Gen.  ABSALOM  BAIRD,  Commanding. 
First  Brigade.  Second  Brigade. 


Col.  Benjamin  F.  Scribner,  Com- 
manding. 
38th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Daniel  F. 

Griffin. 

94th  Ohio,  Maj.  Rue  P.  Hutchins. 
2d    Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Obadiah  C.  Max- 
well. 

Maj:  Wm.  T.  Beatty. 
Capt.  James  Warnock. 
33d    Ohio,  Col.  Oscar  F.  Moore.     . 
10th  Wisconsin: 

Lieut.-Col.  John  H.  Ely. 
Capt.  Jacob  W.  Roby. 


Brig.    Gen.   John    C.    Starkweather, 

Commanding. 
1st  Wisconsin,  Lieut.-Col.   Geo.  B. 

Bingham. 
21st  Wisconsin: 

Lieut.-Col.    Harrison   C.   Ho- 

bart. 

Capt.  Chas.  H.  Walker. 
24th  Illinois: 

Col.  Geza  Mihalotzy.t 
Maj.  Geo.  A.  Guenther.t 
Capt.  August  Mauff. 
79th  Pennsylvania,    Col.    Henry    A. 
Hambright. 


*Not  engaged;  on  provost  duty  and   train  guard. 
tWounded  on  the  19th. 
(Wounded  on  the  20th. 


414  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Third  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  H.  King,  Commanding. 
15th  U.  S.,lst  Battalion,  Capt.  Albert  B.  Dod. 
16th  U.  S.,  1st  Battalion: 

Maj.  Sidney  Coolidge. 

Capt.  Robert  E.  Crofton. 

18th  U.  S.,  1st  Battalion,  Capt.  Geo.  W.  Smith. 
18th  U.  S.,  2d    Battalion,  Capt.  Henry  Raymond. 
19th  U.  S.,  1st  Battalion: 

Maj.  Samuel  K.  I>awson. 

Capt.  Edmund  L.  Smith. 

Artillery. 

1st  Michigan,  Light  Battery  A  (1st  Brigade): 

Lieut.  Geo.  W.  Van  Pelt. 

Lieut.  Almerick  W.  Wilbur. 
Indiana  Light,  4th  Battery  (2d  brigade): 

Lieut.  David  Flansburg. 

Lieut.  Henry  J.  Willits. 
5th  U.  S.,  Battery  H  (3d  brigade): 

Lieut.  Howard  M.  Burnham. 

Lie.ut.  Joshua  A.  Fessenden. 

SECOND  DIVISION. 
Maj.  Gen.  JAMES  S.  NEGLEY,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  Beatty,  Command- 
ing. 
42d    Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  T.  B. 

Mclntire. 

88th  Indiana,     Col.    George    Hum- 
phrey. 
104th  Illinois,     Lieut.-Col.     Douglas 

Hapeman. 

15th  Kentcky,  Col.  Marlon  C.  Tay- 
lor. 
3d    Ohio,*  Capt.  Leroy  S.  Bell. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  Timothy  R.  Stanley.! 
Col.  Wm.  L.  Stoughton. 
18th  Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.     Charles     H. 

Grosvenor. 
19th  Illinois: 

Lieut.-Col.   Alex.   W.   Raffen. 
Capt.  Presley  Neville  Guthrie 
llth  Michigan: 

Col.  Wm.  L.  Stoughton. 
Lieut.-Col.  Melvin  Mudge. 
69th  Ohio,*  Col.  Marshall  T.  Moore. 


Third   Brigade. 

Col.  William  Sirwell,  Commanding. 
78th  Pennsylvania,   Lieut.-Col.  Archibald  Blakeley. 


•Not  In  the  battle. 
tWounded  on  the  20th. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


415 


21st  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Dwella  M.  Stoughton, 

Maj.  Arnold  McMahan, 

Capt.  Chas.  H.  Vantine. 
74th  Ohio: 

Col.  Josiah  Given, 

Capt.  Joseph  Fisher. 
37th  Indiana: 

Col.  James  S.  Hall, 

Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  D.  Ward. 

Artillery. 

Illinois  Light,  Bridge's  Battery*  (1st  brigade),  Capt.  Lyman  Bridges. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  M  (2d  brigade),  Capt.  Frederick  Schultz. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  G  (3d  brigade),  Capt.  Alex.  Marshall. 

THIRD  DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  JOHN  M.  BRANNAN,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  John  M.  Connell,  Commanding. 
17th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Durbin  Ward. 
31st  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Frederick  W. 

Lister. 

38th  Ohio.t  Col.  Edward  H.  Phelps. 
82d    Indiana,  Col.  Morton  C.  Hunter. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  John  T.  Croxton.J 
Col.  Wm.  H.  Hays,  Commanding. 
4th  Kentucky: 

Lieut.-Col.  P.  Burgess  Hunt. 

Maj.  Robert  M.  Kelly. 
10th  Kentucky: 

Col.  Wm.  H.  Hays. 

Maj.  Gabriel  C.  Wharton. 
10th  Indiana: 

Col.  Wm.  B.  Carroll. 
v  Lieut.-Col.  Marsh  B.  Taylor. 
74th  Indiana: 

Col.  Charles  W.  Chapman. 

Lieut.-Col.  Myron  Baker. 
14th  Ohio,  Col.  Henry  D.  Kingsbury. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  Ferdinand  Van  Derveer,  Commanding. 
9th  Ohio,  Col.  Gustave  Kammerling. 
35th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  V.  Boynton. 
2d    Minnesota,  Col.  James  George. 
87th  Indiana,  Col.  Newell  Gleason. 


*  Bridge's  Battery  was  organized  from  Co.  G  of  the  19th  Illinois  Volunteers,  with  addi- 
tions of  recruits;  the  officers  of  that  company  became  those  of  the  battery. 
Not  in  the  battle;  train  guard. 
Wounded  on  the  20th. 


416 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


Artillery. 

1st  Michigan  Light,  Battery  D  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  Josiah  W.  Church. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  C  (2d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Marco  B.  Gary. 
4th  U.  S.,  Battery  I  (3d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Prank  G.  Smith. 

FOURTH  DIVISION. 
Maj.  Gen.  JOSEPH  J.  REYNOLDS,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade.* 

Col.  John  T.  Wilder,  Commanding. 
17th  Indiana,  Maj.  Wm.  T.  Jones. 
72d   Indiana,  Col.  Abram  O.  Miller. 
92d    Illinois,  Col.  Smith  D.  Atkins. 
98th  Illinois: 

Col.  John  J.  Funkhouser. 
Lleut.-Col.  Edward  Kitchell. 
123d    Illinois,  Col.  James  Monroe. 


Second  Brigade. 
Col.  Edward  A.  King.t 
Col.  Milton  S.  Robinson. 
68th  Indiana,      Capt.      Harvey      J. 

Espy. 
75th  Indiana: 

Col.  Milton  S.  Robinson. 
Lieut.-Col.  "Wm.   O'Brien. 
101st  Indiana,     Lleut.-Col.     Thomas 

Doan. 

'80th  Illinois,:):  Col.  Andrew  F.  Rog- 
ers. 
105th  Ohio,  Maj.  Geo.  T.  Perkins. 


Third  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  Basil  Turchin,  Commanding, 
llth  Ohio,  Col.  Philander  P.  Lane. 
36th  Ohio: 

Col.  Wm.  G.  Jones,  § 
Lieut.-Col.  Hiram  F.  Duvol. 
89th  Ohio, ||  Col.  Caleb  H.  Carlton. 
92d    Ohio: 

Col.  Benjamin  D.  Fearing,** 
Lieut.-Col.  Douglas  Putnam,  Jr. 
18th  Kentucky: 

Lieut.-Col.  H.  Kavanaugh  Milward, 
Capt.  John  B.  Heltemes. 

Artillery. 

Indiana  Light,  18th  Battery.tt  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  Eli  Lilly. 
Indiana  Light,  19th  Battery  (2d  Brigade): 
•  Capt.  Samuel  J.  Harris, 

Lieut.  Robert  G.  Lackey. 
Indiana  Light,  21st  Battery  (3d  Brigade),  Capt.  Wm.  W.  Andrew. 

•Mounted  brigade  was  always  on  detached  duty. 

tKilled  on  the  20th,  afternoon;  Col.  Milton  8.  Robinson,  of  the  76th  Indiana,  succeed- 
ing. 

JOn  duty  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

{Killed   on  the  19th,  Lleut.-Col.   Hiram  F.   Duvol  succeeding. 
1 1 Was  detached  and  acted  with  Steedman's  division  of  the  Reserve  Corps. 
••Wounded  on  the  19th,  Lieut.-Col.  Douglas  Putnam,  Jr.,  succeeding. 
UActed  with  Wilder's  mounted  brigade. 


CHICK AMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


417 


TWENTIETH  ARMY  CORPS. 
Maj.  Gen.  ALEXANDER  McDOWELL  McCOOK,  Commanding. 

GENERAL  HEADQUARTERS. 

Provost  Guard,  81st  Indiana  Infantry,  Co.  H,  Capt.  Wm.  J.  Richards. 
Escort,  2d  Kentucky  Cavalry,  Co.  I,  Lieut.  George  W.  L.  Batman. 


FIRST    DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  JEFFERSON  C.  DAVIS,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade.* 

Ool.  P.  Sidney  Post,  Commanding. 
22d    Indiana,  Col.  Michael  Gooding. 
59th  Illinois,    Lieut.-Col.    Joshua    C. 

Winters. 

74th  Illinois,  Col.  Jason  Marsh. 
75th  Illinois: 

Col.  John  E.  Bennett. 
Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  M.  Kilgour. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  P.  Carlin,  Com- 
manding. 
21st  Illinois: 

Col.  John  W.  S.  Alexander. 

Capt.  Chester  K.  Knight. 
38th  Illinois: 

Lieut.-Col.  Daniel  H.  Gilmer. 

Capt.  Willis  G.  Whitehurst. 
81st  Indiana: 

Capt.  Nevil  B.  Boone.f 

Maj.  James  E.  Calloway. 
101st  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  John  Messer. 

Maj.  Bedan  B.  McDonald. 

Capt.  Leonard  D.  Smith. 


Third  Brigade. 
Col.  Hans  C.  Heg|  and  Col.  John  A.  Martin,  Commanding. 

15th  Wisconsin,  Lieut.-Col.  Ole  C.  Johnson. 
25th  Illinois: 

Maj.   Samuel  D.  Wall, 

Capt.  Wesford  Taggert. 

35th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  William  P.  Chandler. 
8th  Kansas: 

Col.  John  A.  Martin, 

Lieut.-Col.  James  L.  Abernethy. 

*Was  left  at  Stevens'  Gap  with  trains,  on  Sept.  20;  acted  with  cavalry  on  the  right 
tSuperseded  on  the  19th  by  Maj.  James  E.  Calloway,  of  the  21st  Illinois. 
JKilled  on  the  19th;  succeeded  by  Col.  John  A.  Martin,  of  the  8th  Kansas. 


27 


418 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


Artillery. 

Wisconsin  Light,  5th  Battery,*  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  Geo.  Q.  Gardner. 
Minnesota  Light,  2d  Batteryf  (2d  Brigade) : 

Lieut.  Albert  Woodbury, 

Lieut.  Richard  L.  Dawley. 
Wisconsin  Light,  8th  Battery  (3d  Brigade),  Lieut.  John  D.  McLean. 


SECOND  DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  RICHARD  W.  JOHNSON,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.   Gen.   August  Willicb.4 
Col.  C.  T.  Hotchkiss. 
49th  Ohio: 

Maj.  Samuel  F.  Gray. 
Capt.  Luther  M.  Strong. 
39th  Indiana,§  Col.  Thomas  J.  Har- 
rison. 
32d    Indiana,      Lieut. -Col.      Francis 

Erdelmeyer. 

15th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Frank  Askew. 
89th  Illinois: 

Col.  Chas.  T.  Hotchkise. 
Lieut.-Col.  Duncan  J.  Hall.|| 
Maj.  Wm.  D.  Williams. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  Joseph  P.  Dodge,  Commanding 
77th  Pennsylvania: 

Col.  Thomas  E.  Rose. 
Capt.  Joseph  J.  Lawson. 
29th  Indiana,    Lieut.-Col.   David   M 

Dunn. 
30th  Indiana,    Lieut.-Col.    Orrin    D. 

Hurd. 

79th  Illinois,  Col.  Allen  Buckner. 
34th  Illinois,   Lieut.-Col.   Oscar  Van 

Tassel. 


Third    Brigade. 

Cols.  Philemon  P.  Baldwin**  and  Wm.  W.  Berry,  Commanding. 
6th  Indiana: 

Lieut.-Col.  Hagerman  Tripp, 

Maj.  Calvin  D.  Campbell. 
1st  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  E.  Bassett  Langdon. 
93d    Ohio: 

Col.  Hiram  Strong, 

Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  H.  Martin. 
5th  Kentucky: 

Col.  Wm.  W.  Berry, 

Capt.  John  M.  Huston. 

•Was  left  at  Stevens'  Gap  with  trains;  on  Sept.  20  acted  with  cavalry  on  the  right. 

tCapt.  Wm.  A.  Hotchkiss,  chief  of  division  artillery. 

JWounded  en   Sept.   20. 

{Mounted  and  detached  from  brigade. 

I  [Killed  on  Sept.  20. 

••Killed  on  the  19th,  Col.  W.  W.  Berry,  of  the  5th  Kentucky,  succeeding. 


C1IICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


419 


Artillery. 

1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  A  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  Wulbur  F.  Goodspeed. 
Ohio  Light,  20th  Battery  (2d  Brigade),  Capt.  John  T.  E.  Grosskopff. 
Indiana  Light,  5th  Battery  (3d  Brigade),  Capt.  Peter  Simonson. 


THIRD   DIVISION. 
Maj.  Gen.  PHILIP  H.  SHERIDAN,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Wm.  H.  Lytle.* 

Col.   Silas  Miller,   Commanding. 

88th  Illinois,     Lieut.-Col.     Alex.     S. 

Chadbourne. 
36th  Illinois: 

Col.  Silas  Miller. 

Lieut.-Col.  Porter  C.  Olson. 
24th  Wisconsin: 

Lieut.-Col.  Theodore  S.  West. 

Maj.  Carl  von  Baumbach. 
21st  Michigan: 

Col.  Wm.  B.  McCreery. 

Maj.  Seymour  Chase. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.    Bernard   Laiboldt,    Command- 
ing. 
2d    Missouri,      Lieut.-Col.      Arnold 

Beck. 

15th  Missouri,  Col.  Joseph  Conrad. 
44th  Illinois,   Col.  Wallace  W.  Bar- 
rett. 
'73d    Illinois,  Col.  James  F.  Jaquess. 


Third   Brigade. 

Cols.  Luther  P.  Bradleyj  and  Nathan  L.  Walworth,  Commanding. 
22d    Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Francis  Swanwick. 
27th  Illinois,  Col.  Jonathan  R.  Miles. 
42d    Illinois: 

Col.  Nathan  L.  Walworth, 
Lieut.-Col.  John  A.  Hottenstine. 
51st  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Samuel  B.  Raymond. 


Artillery. 

Indiana  Light,  llth  Battery  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  Arnuld  Sutermeister. 
1st  Missouri  Light,  Battery  G  (2d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Gustavus  Schueler. 
1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  C  (3d  Brigade),  Capt.  Mark  H.  Prescott. 

*Killed  on  the  20th,  Col.  Silas  Miller,  of  the  36th  Illinois,  succeeding. 

tWounded  on  the  19th,  Col.  Nathan  L.  Walworth,   of  the  42d  Illinois,   succeeding. 

JCapt.  Henry  Hescock,  chief  of  division  artillery. 


420 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


TWENTY-FIRST  ARMY  CORPS. 

Maj.  Gen.  THOMAS  L.  CRITTENDEN,  Commanding. 
Escort,  15th  Illinois  Cavalry,  Company  K.  Capt.  Samuel  B.  Sherer 


FIRST   DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  THOMAS  J.  WOOD,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  George  P.  Buell,  Commanding. 
26th  Ohio,      Lieut. -Col.      Wm.      H. 

Young. 
58th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  James  T. 

Embree. 
13th  Michigan: 

CoL  Joshua  B.  Culver. 
Maj.  Willard  G.  Eaton. 
100th  Illinois: 

Col.  Frederick  A.  Bartleson. 
Maj.  Chas.  M.  Hammond. 


Second  Brigade.* 

Brig.  Gen.  George  D.  Wagner,  Com- 
manding, 
loth  Indiana,      Col.      Gustavus      A. 

Wood. 

40th  Indiana,  Col.  John  W.  Blake. 
51st  Indiana, t  Col.  Abel  D.  Streight. 
57th  Indiana,     Lieut.-Col.    Geo.    W. 

Lennard. 
97th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Milton  Barnes. 


Third   Brigade. 

Col.  Charles  G.   Harker,  Commanding. 
3d    Kentucky,  Col.  Henry  C.  Dunlap. 
64th  Ohio,  Col.  Alex.  Mcllvane. 
65th  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Horatio  N.  Whitbeck, 
Maj.  Samuel  C.  Brown, 
Capt.  Thomas  Powell. 
125th  Ohio,  Col.  Emerson  Opdycke. 
73d    Indiana,*  Col.  Iven  N.  Walker. 

Artillery. 

Indiana  Light,  8th  Battery  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  George  Estep. 
Indiana  Light,  10th  Batteryt  (2d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Wm.  A.  Naylor. 
Ohio  Light,  6th  Battery  (3d  Brigade),  Capt.  Cullen  S.  Bradley. 


•On  duty  In  Nashville,  Tenn. 

tDurlng  the  battle,  occupied  Chattanooga. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


421 


SECOND  DIVISION. 
Maj.  Gen.  JOHN  M.  PALMER,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Charles  Cruft,  Com- 
manding. 
1st  Kentucky,*  Lieut.-  Col.  Alva  R. 

Hadlock. 
2d    Kentucky,     Col.     Thomas     D. 

Sedgewick. 

31st  Indiana,  Col.  John  T.  Smith. 
90th  Ohio,  Col.  Charles  H.  Ripley. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  William  B.  Hazen,  Com- 
manding. 

41st  Ohio,  Col.  Aquila  Wiley. 
124th  Ohio: 

Col.  Oliver  H.  Payne. 
Maj.  James  B.  Hampson. 
6th  Kentucky: 

Col.  George  T.  Shackelford. 
Lieut.-Col.     Richard     Rock- 

ingham. 

Maj.  Richard  T.  Whitaker. 
9th  Indiana,  Col.  Isaac  C.  B.  Su- 

man. 

110th  Illinois!     (battalion),     Lieut.- 
Col.  Ebenezer  H.  Topping. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  William  Grose,  Commanding. 
36th  Indiana: 

Col.  Oliver  H.  P.  Carey, 

Maj.  Gilbert  Trusler. 
24th  Ohio,  Col.  David  J.  Higgins. 
6th  Ohio: 

Col.  Nicholas  L.  Anderson, 

Maj.  Sam'l  C.  Erwin. 

23d   Kentucky,  Lieut.-Col.  James  C.  Foy. 
84th  Illinois,  Col.  Louis  H.  Waters. 


Artillery.J 

1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  B  (1st  Brigade),  Lieut.  Norman  A.  Baldwin. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  F  (2d  brigade),  Lieut.  Giles  J.  Cockerill,  Jr. 
4th  U.  S.,  Battery  H  (3d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Harry  C.  Cushing. 
4th  U.  S.,  Battery  M  (3d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Francis  D.  L.  Russell. 


*Five  companies  attached  as  wagon  guard. 

tUnattached,  not  engaged. 

JCapt.  Wm.  K.  Standart,  chief  of  artillery. 


422 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


THIRD  DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  HORATIO  P.  VAN  CLEVE,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Samuel  Beatty,  Com- 
manding. 

9th  Kentucky,  Col.  Geo.  H.  Cram. 
17th  Kentucky,  Col.  Alex.  M.  Stout. 
19th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  G. 

Stratton. 
79th  Indiana,  Col.  Frederick  Knefler. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  George  F.  Dick,  Commanding. 
44th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Simeon  C. 

Aldrich. 

86th  Indiana,  Maj.  Jacob  C.  Dick. 
13th  Ohio: 

Lleut.-Col.       Elhannon       M. 

Mast. 

Capt.  Horatio  G.  Cosgrove. 
59th  Ohio,    Lieut.-Col.    Granville   A. 

Frambes. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  Sidney  M.  Barnes,  Commanding. 
51st  Ohio: 

Col.  Richard  W.  McClain, 

Lieut.-Col.  Chas.  H.  Wood. 
99th  Ohio,  Col.  Peter  T.  Swaine. 
35th  Indiana,  Maj.  John  P.  Dufflcy. 
8th  Kentucky: 

Lieut.-Col.  James  D.  Mayhew, 

Maj.  John  S.  Clark. 
21st  Kentucky,*  Col.  S.  Woodson  Price. 

Artillery. 

Indiana  Light,  7th  Battery,  Capt.  George  R.  Swallow. 
Pennsylvania  Light,  26th  Battery: 

Capt.  Alanson  J.  Stevens, 

Lieut.  Samuel  M.  McDowell. 
Wisconsin  Light,  3d  Battery,  Lieut.  Courtland  Livingston. 


•Not  engaged;   stationed  at  Whlteside. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


423 


RESERVE  CORPS.* 

Maj.  Gen.  GORDON  GRANGER,  Commanding. 
Escort,  1st  Missouri  Cavalry,  Company  F. 


FIRST   DIVISION. 


Brig.  Gen.  JAMES  B.  STEEDMAN,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Walter  C.  Whitaker, 

Commanding. 
40th  Ohio,       Lieut.-Col.       William 

Jones. 
S9thOhio:t 

Col.  Caleb  H.  Carlton. 
Capt.  Isaac  C.  Nelson. 
84th  Indiana,  Col.  Nelson  Trusler. 
96th  Illinois,  Col.  Thomas  E.  Cham- 
pion. 

115th  Illinois,  Col.  Jesse  H.  Moore. 
22d    Michigan? 

Col.  Heber  Le  Favour. 
Lieut.-Col.  William  Sanborn. 
Capt.  Alonzo  M.  Keeler. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  John  G.  Mitchell,  Commanding. 
98th  Ohio: 

Capt.  Moses  A.  Urquhart. 
Capt.  Armstrong  J.  Thomas. 
113th  Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.     Darius     B. 

Warner. 
121st  Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.     Henry     B. 

Banning. 
78th  Illinois: 

Lieut.-Col.  Carter  Van  Vleck. 
Lieut.  George  Green. 


Third  Brigade.t 

Col.  John  Coburn,  Commanding. 
33d    Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  James  M.  Henderson. 
85th  Indiana,  Col.  John  P.  Baird. 
22d    Wisconsin,  Lieut.-Col.  Edward  Bloodgood. 
19th  Michigan,  Col.  Henry  C.  Gilbert. 


Artillery. 

Ohio  Light,  18th  Battery  (1st  Brigade),  Capt.  Chas.  C.  Aleshire. 
1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  M  (2d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Thomas  Burton. 
Ohio  Light,  9th  Batteryt  (3d  Brigade),  Capt.  Harrison  B.  York. 


*The  corps  consisted  of  three  divisions,  but  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  only  three 
brigades  participated;  the  balance  remained  stationed  at  different  points  in  the  rear. 
tTemporarily  attached. 
JNot  In  battle. 


424 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


SECOND  DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  JAMES  D.  MORGAN,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade.* 

Col.  Robert  F.  Smith,  Commanding. 

10th  Illinois,  Col.  John  Tilson. 

16th  Illinois,  Col.  Robert  F.  Smith. 

60th  Illinois,  Col.  Wm.  B.  Anderson. 

10th  Michigan,  Lieut.-Col.  Christo- 
pher J.  Dickerson. 

14th  Michigan,  Col.  Henry  R.  Miz- 
ner. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  Daniel  M.  McCook,  Command- 
ing. 

85th  Illinois,  Col.  Caleb  J.  Dilworth. 
86th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.    David   W. 

Ma  gee. 

125th  Illinois,  Col.  Oscar  F.  Harmon. 
52d    Ohio,  Maj.  James  T.  Holmes. 
69th  Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.     Joseph    H. 
Brlgham. 


Third  Brigade.* 

Col.  Charles  C.  Doolittle,  Commanding. 

18th  Michigan,  Col.  Charles  C.  Doolittle. 

22d    Michigan,  Col.  Heber  Le  Favour  (with  1st  Division,  1st  Brigade). 
106th  Ohio,  Col.  George  B.  Wright. 
108th  Ohio,  Col.  Charles  T.  Limberg. 

10th  Tennessee  (detached),  Col.  James  W.  Scully. 

Artillery. 

Wisconsin  Light,  10th  Battery,*  Lieut.  P.  M.  H.  Groesbeck. 

2d  Illinois  Light,  Battery  I  (2d  Brigade),  Capt.  Charles  M.  Barnett. 

1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  E,*  Lieut.  Andrew  Berwick. 


THIRD  DIVISION.* 
Brig.  Gen.  ROBERT  S.  GRANGER,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  S.  D.  Bruce,  Commanding. 
83d   Illinois,  Col.  Arthur  A.  Smith. 
13th  Wisconsin,  Col.  W.  P.  Lyon. 
71st  Ohio,   Col.   Henry   K.   McCon- 

nell. 

102d    Ohio,  Col.  Wm.  Given. 
28th  Kentucky,  Col.  Wm.  P.  Boone. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  T.  D.  Ward,  Command- 
ing. 

70th  Indiana,  Col.  Benjamin  Harri- 
son. 

79th  Ohio,  Col.  Henry  G.  Kennett. 
102d   Illinois,      Col.      Franklin      C. 

Smith. 

105th  Illinois,  Col.  Daniel  Dustan. 
129th  Illinois,  Col.  Henry  Case. 


•Not  in  battle. 


I  - 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  425 

Third  Brigade. 

Brig.    Gen.    J.    G.    Spears,    Commanding. 
3d    Tennessee,  Col.  Wm.  Cross. 
5th  Tennessee,  Maj.  Joseph  D.  Turner. 
6th  Tennessee,  Col.  Joseph  A.  Cooper. 

Artillery. 

Battery  H,  2d  Illinois  Artillery,  Capt.  Henry  C.  Whitemore. 
5th  Michigan  Battery,  Capt.  John  G.  Ely. 
1st  Tennessee  Battery. 


CAVALRY.* 
Brig.  Gen.  ROBERT  E.  MITCHELL,  Commanding. 

FIRST  DIVISION. 
Col.  EDWARD  M.  McCOOK,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  Archibald  P.  Campbell,  Com- 
manding. 
2d    Michigan,     Maj.     Leonidas     S. 

Scranton. 
9th  Pennsylvania,   Lieut.-Col.  Ros- 

well  M.  Russell. 
1st  Tennessee,     Lieut.-Col.     James 

P.  Brownlow. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  Daniel   M.   Ray,   Commanding. 
2d    Indiana,  Maj.  Joseph  B.  Pres- 

dee. 
4th  Indiana,     Lieut.-Col.     John     T. 

Dewees. 
2d    Tennessee,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  R. 

Cook. 
1st  Wisconsin,    Col.    Oscar    H.    La 


Grange. 


Third  Brigade. 


Col.   Louis  D.   Watkins,   Commanding. 
4th  Kentucky,  Col.  Wickliffe  Cooper. 
5th  Kentucky,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  T.  Hoblitzell. 
6th  Kentucky,  Maj.  Louis  A.  Gratz. 

Artillery. 

1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  D,  section  (2d  Brigade),  Lieut.  Nathaniel  M. 
Newell. 

*MaJ.  Gen.  David  S.  Stanley,  the  chief  of  cavalry,   was  absent. 


426 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


SECOND  DIVISION. 
Brig.  Gen.  GEORGE  CROOK,  Commanding. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  Robert  H.  G.  Minty,  Command- 
ing. 
7th  Pennsylvania,  Lieut.-Ool.  James 

J.  Seibert. 

4th  Michigan,  Maj.  Horace  Gray. 
4th  United  States,   Capt.   James  B. 

Mclntyre. 
3d    Indiana     (detachment),     Lieut.  - 

Col.  Robert  Klein. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  Ell  Long,  Commanding. 
1st  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Valentine  Cupp. 
Maj.  Thomas  J.  Patten. 
3d    Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.      Charles     B. 

Seidel. 

4th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Oliver  P.  Robie. 
2d    Kentucky,  Col.  Thomas  P.  Nich- 
olas. 


Third   Brigade.* 

Col.  Wm.  W.  Lowe,  Commanding. 
5th  Iowa,   Lieut.-Col.    Matthewson  T.   Patrick. 
10th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  William  E.  Haynes. 
5th  Tennessee,  Col.  Wm.  B.  Stokes. 

Artillery. 
Chicago,  (111.)  "Board  of  Trade"  Battery,  Capt.  James  H.  Stokes. 

Unassigned  Troops. 

Pioneer  Brigade  (Mich.),  Brig.  Gen.  James  St.  Clair  Morton,  Command- 
ing.    (Three  battalions.) 


•Not  In  battle. 


CH1CKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


427 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND. 
COMMANDED  BY  MAJ.  GEN.  WM.  S.  ROSECRANS,  AT  THE 
BATTLE  OF  CHICKAMAUGA,  GA.,  SEPT.  19  AND  20,  1863.* 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

a 

V 

S 

i  „ 

6           <*> 
O          ^ 

Officers. 

d 

3 

GENERAL  HEADQUARTERS. 
10th  Ohio   Infantry                          .              ... 

1 

3 

1 

5 

2 

Total  General  Headquarters, 

14TH    CORPS—  THOMAS'. 
Staff     .          

2     . 

4 

« 

1 

1 

1ST  DIVISION—  BAIRD'S. 
1st  Brigade—  Scribner's: 
SSth  Indiana      

1 
1 
2 

12 

12 
2 
9 

5 

3            54 
3            47 
4            59 
1            21 
3            52 

7 

39 
116 

79 
21 
132 

12 

109 
181 
160 
46 
211 

25 

2d    Ohio      

6 
4 
1 
13 

33d    Ohio,     

94th  Ohio  

10th  Wisconsin      

2 
1 

Artillery—  1st   Michigan   Light,    Battery 
A,    

Total     1st  Brigade              

7         48         14           240            24           399 

732 

2d  Brigade  —  Starkweather's:  Staff     

1     

1 
151 
125 
188 
121 
20 

24th  Illinois  

1 
1 

4 

18           9            67 
15          5            (!2 
23           5            79 
2          4            39 
1     .                    14 

3 
1 
4 
9 
1 

53 
41 
73 
67 
4 

79th  Pennsylvania  ,    

1st  Wisconsin     

Artillery  —  Indiana  Light,  4th  Battery     

Total    2d  Brigade     

6         59         24           261            18          238            606 

3d  Brigade  —  King's: 
15th  U.   S.,   A,   C,   E,   F,  G  and  H, 

1st  Battalion,  and  E,  2d  Bat- 
talion,     

9 

47 

6 

96 

160 

16th  U.   S.,   A,   B,    D,   F  and  H,   1st 

Battalion,  and  B,  C  and  D,  2d 
Battalion  

1 

2 

16 

10 

164 

196 

18th  U.  S.,  B,    D,   E,   F,   G  and  H, 

1st  Battalion,   and  G  and  H, 
3d,  Battalion  

19 

4 

67 

2 

66 

158 

18th  U    S      2d  Battalion     

1 

13 

3 

78 

2 

48 

145 

19th  U.  S.,  A,  B,  C,  E,  F,  G  and  H, 

1st  Battalion,  and  A,  2d  Bat- 
talion,     

1 

2 

4 

13 

6 

110 

136 

Artillery—  5th  U.  S.,  Battery  H  

1 

12 

2 

16 

13 

44 

Total     3d  Brigade     

4 

57 

15 

237 

26 

497 

889 

Total,   1st  Division  

17 

164 

56 

738 

68 

1  134 

2,177 

•Losses  sustained  by  the  troops  engaged  at  Chickamauga,  in  the  skirmishes  at  Ross- 
ville,  Lookout  Church  and  Dry  Valley,  Georgia,  Sept.  21st,  and  at  Missionary  Ridge  and 
Shallow  Ford  Gap,  Tennessee,  Sept,  22d,  are  also  included. 
28 


428 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

d 

• 
S 

Officers. 

e 

V 

i 

Officers. 

I 

2D  DIVISION—  NEGLEY'S. 
1st  Brigade—  Beatty'  s  : 
104th  Illinois                           

2 
1 
3 
g 

6 
3 
4 

40 
49* 
29 
42 
16 

• 

1C 
50 
14 
14 

3 

61 
106 
52 
62 
26 

42d    Indiana      ..        

3 
2 
1 

88th  Indiana      

15th  Kentucky                           ... 

1 

6 

Total     l°t  Brigade     

1 

16 

13 

176 

6 

98 

310 

2d  Brigade—  Stanley  and  Stoughton: 
19th  Illinois      

10 
4 

6 

4 
4 
6 

41 
38 
49 
4 

1 

15 
19 
14 

71 
66 
74 
4 

llth  Michigan     

1 

ISth  Ohio 

Artillery  —  1st  Ohio  Light    Battery  M    ... 

Total     2d   Brigade     

1 

19 

14 

132 

1 

48             215 

3d  Brigade—  Sirwell's: 
37th  Indiana     

7 
80 
2 

2                9 
120             243 
6                9 
3                5 

21st   Ohio      

28 
1 

4 

11 

74th  Ohio  

2 

Total,  3d  Brigade    

29 

4            91 

11 

131             266 

Total    2d  Division,    

2 

64 

31 

399 

18          277            791 

3D    DIVISION—  BRANNAN'S. 
Staff  

1 

1 

1st  Brigade  —  Connell's: 
S2d    Indiana  

1 

19 
15 
13 

1 

11 
7 

1 

67 
103 
127 

6 

2 
3 

21            111 
18            151 
22            169 

4              11 

17th  Ohio,    

3lst  Ohio     

Artillery—  1st  Michigan   Light,    Battery 
D     .        .            

Total    1st  Brigade     

2 

47 

20 

303 

6 

65            442 

2d  Brigade  —  Croxton  and  Hays: 
10th  Indiana      

2 
2 

22 
20 
25 
20 
35 
4 

6 
11 

13 
9 
8 

130 
114 
144 
125 
159 
9 

1 

5 
10 
9 
10 
43 

166 
157 
191 
166 
245 
13 

74th  Indiana      

4th  Kentucky      

10th  Kentucky     ..              .... 

1 

1 

14th  Ohio     

Artillery—  1st  Ohio  Light    Battery  C,    .. 

Total     2d  Brigade     

5 

126 

47 

681 

2 

77            938 

i 

CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


429 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

<u 
1 

Officers. 

8 

a 

Officers. 

I 

Officers. 

9 

3d   Brigade  —  Van  Derveer's: 

7 

33 
34 
46 
19 
1 

4 
6 
9 
7 
1 

138 
101 
176 
132 
20 

8 
49 
15 
26 

190 
192 
249 
187 
22 

2 
1 

1 

9th  Ohio      

2 
2 

35th  Ohio      

Artillery—  4th  U.  S.,  Battery  I  
Total,  3d  Brigade    

11 

133 

27 

567 

4 

98 

840 

Total     3d  Division     

18 

306 

94 

1,552 

11 

240 

2,221 

4TH   DIVISION—  REYNOLD'S. 
Staff                   .          .          

1 

1 

2 

1st  Brigade  —  Wilder'  s: 
92d    Illinois                       »              

2 
2 
1 
4 
3 
1 

2 

2 
2 
2 

1 

20 
29 
11 
8 
15 

2 
2 
9 
2 
2 

26 
35 
24 
16 
21 
3 

98th  Illinois                                           .... 

123d    Illinois  

1 

Artillery—  Indiana  Light,  18th  Battery,   . 
Total     1st  Brigade,    

13 

9 

85 

1            17            125 

2d  Brigade  —  King  and  Robinson: 
68th  Indiana      

2 

15 
17 
11 

3 
2 

5 
4 
5 
4 
1 

103 
•104 
85 
37 
15 

1 
2 
1  - 
2 

11 
11 
17 
24 
2 

137 
138 
119 
70 
20 

101st  Indiana      



105th  Ohio  

Artillery—  Indiana  Light,  19th  Battery,   . 
Total    2d  Brigade    

2 

48 

19 

344 

6 

65            484 

3d  Brigade  —  Turchin's: 
isth  Kentucky      

7 
5 
11 
6 

8 
1 
3 
6 

38 
35 
62 
62 
12 

4 
2 

29 
20 
14 
17 

86 
63 
91 
91 
12 

llth  Ohio      

36th  Ohio,    «.  

1 

92d    Ohio-     

Artillery—  Indiana  Light,  21st  Battery,    . 
Total    3d  Brigade          ... 

1 

29 

18 

209 

6 

80 

343 

Total     4th   Division     

3 

90 

47 

638 

14 

162 

954 

Total,   14th  Army  Corps,    .. 

40 

624 

228 

3,327 

112 

1,813 

6,144 

430 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Command. 

1 

£        c 

• 

0          S 

Officers. 

d 

S 

Officers. 

d 

41 

i 

20TH    CORPS—  McCOOK'S. 
1ST  DIVISION—  DAVIS1. 

2d  Brigade—  Carlin's: 
21st  Illinois      2 

20 

13 
4 
10 

6 

8 
4 

6 

1 

64 

79 
56 
76 

1 

8 
2 
2 

138 
76 
21 
51 

238 
180 
87 
146 
2 

SSth  Illinois      2 

81st  Indiana      

101st  Ohio      .         3 

Artillery  —  Minnesota   Light     2d    Battery    

Total    2d  Brigade      7 

47         25  ;        276 

12 

286 

653 

3d  Brigade—  Heg  and  Martin: 
25th  Illinois  »  

10         11 
14           5 
28           9 
9          6 

160 
125 
156 
47 

1 

23 
13 

25 
43 

205 
160 
220 
11J 

CSth  Illinois       3 

8th  Kansas     2 

ISth  Wisconsin,    4 

2 

Total    3d  Brigade    9 

61         31 

4S8              3 

104             696 

Total    1st  Division            .     .              16 

108         56 

764             15 

390         1,340 

2D  DIVISION—  JOHNSON'S. 
Staff     1    

2               3 

1st  Brigade—  Wlllich's:  Staff    1 

1 
83 

77 

32 
75 
57 
13 

2 
132 
122 

40 
120 
99 
20 

89th  Illinois     4 

10          5 
20          4 

5          3 
9          2 
10          2 
•      2          1 

2 

28 
20 

32d    Indiana  1 

S9th  Indiana,    (detached  and  mount- 
ed)       

15th  Ohio                             .                 .  .            1 

33 

28 

4 

49th  Ohio     

2 

Artillery—  1st  Ohio  Light    Battery  A     

Total     1st  Brigade     ...                7 

56         17 

338             4 

113 

535 

2d   Brigade  —  Dodge's:   Staff  

1 
1 

5 
5 
4 

1 

20 
87 
50 
24 
2 

2 

6 
7 
4 

9 

6 

91 
62 
57 
64 
2 

9 
121 
172 
126 
104 
4 

79th  Illinois      

3 

9 
8 
3 

29th  Indiana      2 

30th  Indiana,     2 

77th  Pennsylvania  

Artillery  —  Ohio  Light     20th  Battery     

Total    2d  Brigade    4 

23 

16 

184 

28 

2S1            536 

CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


431 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OP  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

a 

V 

% 

Officers. 

oj 

i 

Officers. 

g 

a 

3d    Brigade  —  Baldwin*  and  Berry    Staff 

1 
11 
12 
12 
15 
1 

1 
6 
6 
3 
3 
1 

2 

160 
125 
142 
130 
9 

6th  Indiana      

2 
2 
1 

110 
73 
93 
83 

6 

31 

30 
33 
27 
1 

5th  Kentucky,    

2 

1st  Ohio 

93d    Ohio      

2 

Total,  3d  Brigade    

5 

52 

20 

365              4 

122 

568 

Total,    2d  Division  

17 

131 

53 

887            36 

518 

1,642 

3D    DIVISION—  SHERIDAN'S. 

1 

1 
141 
88 
106 
105 
19 

36th  Illinois      

3 

17 
12 
15 
3 
3 

6 
7 

4 
4 
1 

95 

55 
69 
69 
11 

20 
14 
15 
29 
4 

S8th  Illinois      

21st  Michigan  

1 

2 

24th  Wisconsin       

Artillery—  Indiana  Light,  llth  Battery,   . 
Total     1st  Brigade     



5 

50 

22 

299              2 

82 

460 

100 
92 
92 
100 
5 

2d  Brigade—  Laiboldt's: 
44th  Illinois      

6 
11 
6 
9 
1 

5 
4 
2 
5 

55 
53 
54 
62 
3 

1 
3 

1 

33 

19 
28 
22 

73d    Illinois  

2 
j 

2 

2d    Missouri     

15th  Mis&ourl     

Artillery  —  1st  Missouri  Light    Battery  G 

1 

Total    2d  Brigade     

5 

33 

16 

227              6 

102 

389 

3d  Brigade  —  Bradley  and  Walworth: 
22d    Illinois  

23 
1 
12 
16 

5 
4 
4 
3 

71 

75 
119 
89 
4 

2 

29 
10 
4 
16 

130 
91 
143 
128 
4 

27th  Illinois      

1 
3 
2 

42d    Illinois      

1 
2 

51st  Illinois      

Artillery—  1st  Illinois  Light,    Battery  C, 
Total     3d  Brigade     

6 

52 

16 

358              5 

59 

496 

Total     3d  Division     

16 

135 

54 

884            13 

243 

1,345 

Total,  20th  Army  Corps,    .. 

49 

374 

163 

2,535 

64 

1,151 

4,336 

*  Col.  P.  P.  Baldwin,  commanding  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Twentieth 
Corps,  killed  on  the  19th,  it  seems  was  not  counted  in  this  table;  evidently  reported 
separately. 


432 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

—Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

0) 

o 

1 

2 
3 

1 

t 

V 

d 

01 

n 

21ST  CORPS—  CRITTENDEN'S. 

3 

3 
1 

1ST   DIVISION—  WOOD'S. 
Staff     .            

l 

1st  Brigade—  Buell*  s  : 
100th  Illinois        

23 
14 
23 
11 

1 

6 
5 
6 

6 

111 
114 
134 

61 

| 

2 
3 

2 
2 

22 

31 
43 
24 
7 

164 
169 
212 
106 
17 

58th  Indiana      

2 
4 

2 

26th  Ohio     

13th  Michigan           

Artillery    Indiana  Light    8th  Battery    .. 

8 

72        23          429             9 

127            668 

3d  Brigade—  Barker's: 
3d    Kentucky     

1 
2 

12          8 
7          2 
12          6 
16          3 
1          1 

70 
48 
65 
81 

7 

22 
13 
18 
5 

113 
71 
103 
105 
9 

64th  Ohio                 

65th  Ohio     .          

125th  Ohio     

Artillery  —  Ohio  Light    6th  Battery    . 

Total    3d  Brigade    

4        48         20          271 

58            401 

Total    1st  Division  

12       120         44          700 

9 

185         1,070 

2D  DIVISION—  PALMER'S. 
Staff     

! 

2 

2 

1 

( 

1st  Brigade—  Cruft'e: 

.    1 

4 
2 
9 
5 
1 

2 
1 
6 
2 

59 

59 
60 
8 

17 
3 
18 
14 

4 

83 
31 
92 
84 
13 

1st  Kentucky  (battalion)     

1 
2 

90th  Ohio     

1 

Artillery    1st  Ohio  Light    Battery  B    .... 

Total     1st  Brigade     

4 

21 

10 

211 

1 

56 

303 

2d  Brigade—  Hazen'  s  : 

2 
3 

11 
9 
6 
15 
1 

8 
7 
5 
5 

83 
88 

95 
87 
8 

1 
1 

21 
10 
9 
34 
2 

126 
118 
115 
141 
12 

6th  Kentucky     

41st  Ohio                               

124th  Ohio     

Artillery—  1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  P  
Total     2d  Brigade     

1 

6 

42 

25 

361 

2 

76 

512 

CJIICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


433 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

1 

Officers. 

d 

0 

S 

Officers. 

o> 

a 

Officers. 

V 

S 

3d  Brigade  —  Grose's'  Staff 

S 

81 
89 
49 
94 
57 

16 
6 

3 
105 
129 
69 
132 
79 

22 
8 

84th  Illinois                                        .     .. 

1 

12 
13 
10 
13 
3 

5 
2 

2 

10 
3 
8 
3 

1 

9 
17 
6 

16 
16 

36th  Indiana      

23d    Kentucky                   

1 

6th  Ohio,    

1 

24th  Ohio 

Artillery— 
4th  U    S     Battery  H    

4th  U    S     Battery  M              

Total     3d   Brigade     

— 

2 

58 

27 

395          *   1  ;          64            547 

Total,   2d  Division,    

12 

122 

64 

967              6 

197         1,368 

3D  DIVISION—  VAN  CLEVE'S. 
Staff                            ..           ..             

1 

1 

1st  Brigade  —  Beatty's: 
79th  Indiana      

1 
2 
5 

7 

2 
4 
2 
2 

42 
41 
103 

58 

1 
1 

9              55 
12              60 
15            126 
23              90 

9th  Kentucky      

17th  Kentucky     

1 

19th  Ohio  

Total     1st  Brigade     

1 

15         10 

244 

2            59            331 

2d  Brigade—  Dick's: 
44th  Indiana  

1 

2 
1 
3 

5 

9 
3 
4 

1 

52 
28 
43 
40 

10              74 
21              53 
22              74 
28              78 

86th  Indiana      

13th  Ohio  

2 
2 

59th  Ohio     

2 

Total    2d  Brigade     

5         11         17 

163              2            81            279 

3d  Brigade  —  Barnes'  : 

5 
4 
8 
3 

3 

2 
1 

2 

20 
45 
34 

28 

2 
1 
4 

35              65 
27              79 
51              98 
24              57 

8th  Kentucky  

51st  Ohio,     

99th  Ohio,    

Total,    3d   Brigade  

20 

8 

127 

7 

137 

299 

Artillery- 
Indiana  Light,  7th  Battery     

8 
13 
13 

1 

9 
17 
26 

Pennsylvania  Light,   26th  Battery,    .. 
Wisconsin  Light     3d  Battery     

1 

1 
2 

1 

1 
U 

Total   Artillery     

1 

8 

1 

34 

1 

12 

62 

Total,   3d  Division  

7 

49 

26 

568 

13 

289 

962 

Total,   21st  Army  Corps,    .. 

31 

291 

144 

2,238 

28 

en 

3,403 

28 


434 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

j 

a 

I 

I 

E 
• 
f              c 
E 
0            S 

RESERVE  CORPS—  GRANGER'S. 
Staff     ' 

1 

1 

1ST  DIVISION—  STEEDM  AN'  S. 
1st  Brigade  —  Whitaker's:  Staff  

1 

1 
225 
183 
133 

S89 
132 
2S3 
10 

96th  Illinois  

39 
20 
20 

32 
17 
17 

9 
9 
6 

S 
8 
2 

2 

125 
142 

91 

93 
94 
61 
8 

2 

1 

50 
> 
IS 

247 
11 
158 

115th  Illinois  

2 
3 

84th  Indiana  

22d    Michigan    (temporarily   attach- 
ed),   /  

14 

40th  Ohio      

2 
2 

89th  Ohio  (temporarily  attached),    .. 
Artillery—  Ohio  Light,  18th  Battery  

13 

Total    1st  Brigade     

9       145         40          614            30          488         1,32« 

2d  Brigade—  Mitchell's: 
78th  Illinois  

1         16 
2          7 
1         20 
2          7 
2 

8 

ri 

69 
38 
90 
76 
9 

4 

1 

58            156 
12              63 
12            131 

7              99 
1              12 

98th  Ohio  

113th  Ohio,    

121st  Ohio,    

Artillery—  1st  Illinois  Light    Battery  M  .. 

Total,    2d  Brigade,    

6         52 

26 

282              5            90            461 

Total,  1st  Division  

15       197 

68 

896            35          578         1,787 

2D  DIVISION—  MORGAN'S. 
2d  Brigade  —  McCook's: 
85th  Illinois 

86th  Illinois  

125th  Illinois  

B2d    Ohio     

69th  Ohio  

Artillery—  2d  Illinois  Light,  Battery  I    .. 

Total,    2d    Brigade    (detailed 
losses  not  filed)    

2    .. 

14 

18             34 

Total  Reserve  Corps 16       199 


M 


910 


596 


1,822 


CAVALRY  CORPS—  MITCHELL'S. 
1ST    DIVISION—  McCOOK'S. 
1st  Brigade  —  Campbell's: 
2d    Michigan     

I 

1 

6 

1 

2 

11 

9th  Pennsylvania  

3 

3 

1 

1 

Total    1st  Brigade     

1 

1 

6 

1 

6 

15 

CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


435 


RETURN  OF  CASUALTIES  IN  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND 

— Continued. 


Command. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

Aggregate. 

Officers. 

I 

Officers. 

<D 
3 

Officers. 

a 

a 

2d  Brigade—  Ray's: 

1 

4 

5 
9 
3 
6 

2 
2 
2 

7 

1 

4 

Total    2d  Brigade 

2 

10 

11              23 

3d  Brigade  —  Watkins'  : 
4th  Kentucky 

1 

4 
2 
2 

90 
18 
120 

95 
20 
131 

6th  Kentucky     ...          .  . 

2           1 

6 

Total    3d  Brigade     

2           1 

7 

8          228            246 

Total,  1st  Division     

151 

23 

9          245            284 

20  DIVISION—  CROOK;  s. 

1st  Brigade—  Minty's: 
3d    Indiana  (detachment)     

3 

11 
13 
5 

3 
19 
19 
7 

1 

A 

1 

1 

1 

7th  Pennsylvania  

1 

4th  United  States.   

Total,   1st  Brigade  

161 

32 

8 

48 

?d  Brigade  —  Long's: 
2d    Kentucky      

11 

1 

• 

45 
13 
7 
9 

2 
7 
g 
19 

63 
22 
17 
34 

1st   Ohio,    

3d  Ohio  

4th  Ohio     

1           3 

2 

Total,   2d   Brigade  

2         17 

5 

74 

2            36 

136 

Total,   2d  Division     

3         23 

6 

106 

2            44 

184 

Total  Cavalry  Corps  

4 

28 

7 

129 

11 

289 

468 

436 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


DETAIL  AGGREGATE  STRENGTH  AND  LOSS  OF  THE  VARIOUS 
CORPS  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND. 


Command. 

Aggregate 
Strength. 

Aggreg 
Loss. 

ite 

14TH  CORPS—  THOMAS'  : 
1st  Division  —  Baird's  

•5,541 

2,177 

2d    Division  —  Negley's  .'  

2,755 

791 

3d    Division  —  Brannan's  

to,  400 

2,221 

4th  Division  —  Reynolds'     

$6  461 

954 

ZOTH  CORPS—  McCOOK'S: 
1st  Division  —  Davis"     about     

$3  900 

1,349 

114  200 

1.642 

3d    Division    Sheridan's                      

••4,200 

1,345 

21ST  CORPS—  CRITTENDEN'S: 
1st  Division  —  Wood's      

tt2,965 

1,070 

2d    Division  —  Palmer's     

5,005 

1,368 

3d    Division  —  Van  Cleve*  s     

tJ4,000 

962 

RESERVE  CORPS—  GRANGER'S: 

553,913 

1,780 

||||1,500 

34 

CAVALRY  CORPS—  MITCHELL'S: 
1st  Division  —  McCook'  a     

(        284 

2d    Division  —  Crook'  s,     

•**8,000 

/         184 

468 

Total,   Army  of  the  Cumberland  

57,840 

16,173 

Artillery,  192  guns. 

•Letter  from  Gen.  Balrd,  dated  June  25,  1887;  figures  from  records  of  Sept.  15,  1863. 

IBrannan's  report,  War  Records. 

{Including  Wilder's  mounted  Infantry  brigade,  without  3,040;  letter  of  T.  T.  Knox, 
In  charge  of  War  Records  Office,  August  4,  1887. 

Slncludlng  Post's  brigade;  Carlin  and  Heg's  aggregate  2,433. 

| [Letter  from  Gen.  Johnson,  dated  June  29,  1887. 

••Sheridan  reports  "4,000  bayonets,"  War  Records  adding,  say,  200  officers. 

ttWood's  report,  two  brigades,  War  Record. 

it  Approximate;  Dick's  and  S.  Beatty's  strength  2,506,  from  War  Records,  and  Barnes' 
brigade  assumed. 

SSGranger's  report,  two  brigades  of  Steedman's  division,  including  Le  Favour's  deml- 
brlgade  temporarily  attached. 

||||Dan.  McCook's  brigade,   Morgan's  division,  approximate. 

•••Estimated. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


437 


AGGREGATE  STRENGTH  AND  LOSS  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  CUM- 
BERLAND—RECAPITULATION. 


£] 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

g 

£ 

I 

Command. 

2 

o 

oi 

B 

2 

2 

E 

E 

0) 
0 

d 

o 

d 

s 

d 

£ 

B 

i 

€ 

w 

e 

S 

<! 

O 

* 

0 

a 

0 

% 

* 

2    

4                6 

14th  Corps,   Thomas'     

20,  157 

40           624 

288 

3,327           112 

1,813         6,144 

20th   Corps,    McCaok's  

12,300 

49          374 

163 

2,535            64 

1.151         4,336 

21st   Corps,    Crittenden's,    .. 

11,970 

31 

291 

144 

2,238            28 

671         3,403 

Reserve  Corps,   Granger's,    . 

5,413 

16           199            66 

910            35 

596         1,822 

Cavalry,  Mitchell's  (about). 

8,000 

4             2S               7 

129            11 

289            468 

Total,  Army  of  Cumber- 

land,     

57,840 

140 

1,516 

608 

9,141           250 

4,524       16,179 

AGGREGATE   STRENGTH  AND  LOSS  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE 

TENNESSEE. 
From  Reports,  except  as  stated  below. 


a 

to 

f 

o 

Command. 

a 

« 

ft 

i 

5 

B 

•ci 

| 

do 

60 

0) 

a 
a 

si 

S 

3 

;     •< 

RIGHT  WING—  POLK. 

Hill's  Corps:  Breckenridge's  Division     

3,769 

166 

909 

165 

1,460 

6,116 

204 

1,539 

1,749 

Walker's*    and    Liddell's    Division 

6,534 

341 

1,949 

733 

3,023 

Polk's  Corps:  Cheatham's  Division  t  

6,454 

218 

1,624 

118 

1,973 

Total  Right  Wing  

21,872 

929 

6,021 

1,022 

8,195 

LEFT  WING—  LONGSTREET. 

Stewart's  Division,   

4,358 

206 

1,499 

29 

1,707 

Hood'  si  Division        .      .                ...          ..        .... 

5  500 

2,919 

•On  the  20th  of  September,  Gen.  Gist  commanded  Walker's  division. 

tGen.  Cheatham's  report  does  not  state  the  strength  of  his  division.  The  strength  of 
Preston  Smith's  brigade  Is  assumed;  the  strength  of  the  other  brigades  are  taken  from 
the  ordnance  report. 

tGen.  Longstreet  states  that  the  loss  on  September  20  of  Hood's  brigades — Robertson's, 
Benning's  and  Law's— was  1,448  men;  now,  assuming  this  to  be  one-third,  on  the 
morning  of  the  20th  the  division  had  4,344;  again,  assuming  that  Its  loss  on  the  19th  was 
one-quarter,  its  strength  on  that  morning  would  be  5,815.  Gen.  Bragg,  in  one  of  his 
reports,  incidentally  mentions  it  as  being  about  6,000  strong,  so  we  may  safely  place  ita 
strength  at  5,500. 


438 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


ACi'.UEOATE   STRENGTH   AND   LOSS  OF  THE  ARMY  OP  THE* 
TENNESSEE— Continued. 


Command. 

Aggregate  strength. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Missing. 

• 
I 

« 

E 

E 

< 

McLaw'sJ  Division  

2,600 

640 

Johnson's   Division  

3,428 

188 

1,081 

180 

1,449 

Hindman's  Division,    

6  122 

272 

1,480 

98 

1,850 

Preston's  Division  

4  809 

198 

1,077 

61 

1,336 

Total  Left  Wing      

26  717 

861 

5,137 

368 

9,901 

Cavalry     Wheeler  (about),    .-. 

||12,000 

Total,  Army  of  Tennessee     

60,589 

1,790 

11,158 

1,380 

18,066 

Artillery,  200  guns. 

§Gen.  Kershaw,  who  commanded  his  own  and  Humphrey's  brigades  on  Sept.  20,  re- 
ports the  loss  of  his  brigade  as  448  and  Humphrey's  as  152,  but  does  not  mention  their 
strength.  Assuming  that  the  loss  of  Kershaw's  brigade  was  the  same  as  that  of 
Grade's,  thirty  per  cent.,  its  strength  would  be  1,680,  and  as  Humphrey's  did  not  do 
much  fighting  we  will  assume  that  Its  loss  was  twenty  per  cent.,  then  its  strength 
would  be  760,  or  say  2,500  for  the  two  brigades. 
| [Gen.  Bragg,  Oct.  7,  1863,  reports  as  present  for  duty: 

Infantry— officers,    4,664;    men,    46,447 51,111 

Artillery— officers,   157;  men,    3,480,    , 3,637 

Cavalry  (returns  imperfect)— officers  and  men,  13, 620 


68,368 


Hence,  we  may  safely  assume  the  aggregate  strength  of  rebel  cavalry  In  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga  was  about  12,000. 


19 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  FORCES  UNDER  COMMAND  OF  MAJ.- 
GEN.  ULYSSES  S.  GRANT,  U.  S.  ARMY,  ENGAGED  IN  THE 
BATTLES  ABOUT  CHATTANOOGA,  NOVEMBER  23-25,  1863. 


COMPILED  BY  H.  V.  BOYNTON,  ASSISTANT  IN  HISTORICAL  WORK. 
ROSTER  FROM  OFFICIAL  RECORDS,  WAR  OF  REBELLION. 


ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND. 
J&aj.  Gen.  GEORGE  H.  THOMAS. 

General  Headquarters. 

1st  Ohio  Sharpshooters,  Capt.  Gershom  M.  Barber. 
10th  Ohio  Infantry,   Lieut.-Col.  William   M.  Ward. 

FOURTH  ARMY  CORPS. 
Maj.  Gen.  GORDON  GRANGER. 


FIRST  DIVISION  (FOURTH  CORPS).* 

Brig-.  Gen.   CHARLES  CRUFT. 

Escort. 
92d  Illinois,  Co.  E,  Capt.  Matthew  Van  Buskirk. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Walter  C.  Whitaker. 
96th  Illinois: 

Col.  Thomas  E.  Champion. 
Maj.  George  Hicks. 
35th  Indiana,  Col.  Bernard  F.  Mul- 
len. 
Sth  Kentucky,      Col.      Sidney      M. 

Barnes. 

40th  Ohio,  Col.  Jacob  E.  Taylor. 
51st  Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.     Charles     H. 

Wood. 

99th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  John  E.  Cum- 
mins. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.    William   Grose. 
59th  Illinois,  Maj.  Clayton  Hale. 
75th  Illinois,  Col.  John  E.  Bennett. 
84th  Illinois,  Col.  Louis  H.  Waters. 
9th  Indiana,   Col.   Isaac   C.   B.    Su- 

man. 

36th  Indiana,  Maj.  Gilbert  Trusler. 
24th  Ohio,  Capt.  George  M.  Bacon. 


•The  First  Brigade  and  Battery  M,  4th  U.  S.  Artillery,  Col.  D.  A.  Enyart,  command- 
ing, at  Bridgeport,  Ala;  the  115th  Illinois  and  84th  Indiana,  of  the  Second  Brigade,  and 
5th  Indiana  Battery,  at  Shellmound,  Tenn.,  and  the  30th  Indiana  and  77th  Pennsylvania, 
of  the  Third  Brigade,  and  Battery  H,  4th  U.  S.  Artillery,  at  Whiteside.  Tenn. 


440 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


SECOND  DIVISION  (FOURTH  CORPS). 
Maj.  Gen.  PHILIP  H.  SHERIDAN. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  Francis  T.  Sherman. 
36th  Illinois: 

Col.  Silas  Miller.* 
Lieut. -Col.  Porter  C.  Olson. 
44th  Illinois,  Col.  Wallace  W.  Bar- 
rett. 

73d    Illinois,  Col.  James  F.  Jaquess. 
74th  Illinois,  Col.  Jason  Marsh. 
88th  Illinois,   Lieut. -Col.   George  W. 

Chandler. 

22d   Indiana,  Col.  Michael  Gooding. 
2d   Missouri: 

Col.  Bernard  Laiboldt.* 
Lieut.-Col.  Arnold  Beck. 
15th  Missouri: 

Col.  Joseph  Conrad. 
Capt.  Samuel  Rexinger. 
24th  Wisconsin,      Maj.      Carl      von 
Baumbach. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  George  D.  Wagner. 
100th  Illinois,  Maj.  Charles  M.  Ham- 
mond. 
15th  Indiana: 

Col.  Gustavus  A.  Wood.* 
Maj.  Frank  White. 
Capt.  Benjamin  F.  Hegler. 
40th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Elias  Neff. 
51st  Indiana,!   Lieut.-Col.   John   M. 

Comparet. 
57th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  George  W. 

Lennard. 
58th  Indiana,      Lieut.-Col.      Joseph 

Moore. 
26th  Ohio,    Lieut.-Col.    William    M. 

Young. 

97th  Ohio,         Lieut.-Col.         Milton 
Barnes. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  Charles  G.  Harker. 
22d    Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Francis  Swanwick. 
27th  Illinois,  Col.  Jonathan  R.  Miles. 
42d    Illinois: 

Col.  Nathan  H.  Walworth,* 

Capt.  Edgar  D.  Swain. 
51st  Illinois: 

Maj.  Charles  W.  Davis, 

Capt.  Albert  M.  Tilton. 
79th  Illinois,   Col.  Allen  Buckner. 
3d    Kentucky,  Col.  Henry  C.  Dunlap. 
64th  Ohio,  Col.  Alexander  Mcllvain. 
65th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  William  A.  Bullitt. 
125th  Ohio: 

Col.  Emerson  Opdycke,* 

Capt.  Edward  P.  Bates. 


•Temporarily  In  command  of  a  deml-brlgade. 

tBetween  Nashville  and  Chattanooga,  en  route  to  Join  brigade. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


441 


Artillery. 

Capt.  Warren  P.  Edgurton. 

1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  M,  Capt.  George  W.  Spencer. 
10th  Indiana  Battery,  Capt.  William  A.  Naylor. 
1st  Missouri  Light,  Battery  G,  Lieut.  Gustavus  Schueler. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  I,*  Capt.  Hubert  Dilger. 
4th  United  States,  Battery  G,*  Lieutenant  Christopher  F.  Merkle. 
5th  United  States,  Battery  H,*  Capt.  Francis  L.  Guenther. 

THIRD  DIVISION  (FOURTH  CORPS). 

Brig.  Gen.  THOMAS  J.  WOOD. 
First  Brigade.  Second  Brigade. 


Brig.  Gen.  August  Willich. 
25th  Illinois,    Col.    Richard   H.    No- 
dine. 
35th  Illinois,   Lieut.-Col.  William  P. 

Chandler. 
89th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  William  D. 

Williams. 
32d   Indiana,  Lieut. -Col.  Frank  Er- 

delmeyer. 
68th  Indiana: 

Lieut. -Col.  Harvey  J.  Espy. 
Capt.  Richard  L.  Leeson. 
8th  Kansas,  Col.  John  A.  Martin. 
15th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Frank  Askew. 
49th  Ohio,  Maj.  Samuel  F.  Gray. 
15th  Wisconsin,  Capt.  John  A.  Gor- 
don. 


Brig.  Gen.  William  B.  Hazen. 
6th  Indiana,  Maj.  Calvin  D.  Camp- 
bell. 
5th  Kentucky: 

Col.  William  W.  Berry. 
Lieut.-Col.  John  L.  Treanor. 
6th  Kentucky,     Maj.     Richard    T. 

Whitaker. 
23d    Kentucky,    Lieut.-Col.    James 

C.  Foy. 
1st  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Bassett  Langdon. 
Maj.  Jacob  A.  Stafford. 
6th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Alexander  C. 

Christopher. 
41st  Ohio: 

Col.  Aquila  Wiley. 
Lieut.-Col.    Robert  L.   Klm- 

berly. 
93d    Ohio: 

Maj.  William  Birch. 
Capt.  Daniel  Bowman. 
Capt.  Samuel  B.  Smith. 
124th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  James  Pick- 
ands. 


Third  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Samuel  Beatty. 
79th  Indiana,  Col.  Frederick  Knefler. 
86th  Indiana,  Col.  George  F.  Dick. 
9th  Kentucky,  Col.  George  H.  Cram. 


Temporarily  attache*}. 


442 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


17th  Kentucky,  Col.  Alexander  M.  Stout. 
13th  Ohio,  Col.  Dwight  Jarvls,  Jr. 
19th  Ohio,  Col.  Charles  F.  Manderson. 
59th  Ohio,  Maj.  Robert  J.  Vanosdoll. 

Artillery. 

Capt.  Cullen  Bradley. 

Illinois  Light,  Bridge's  Battery,  Capt.  Lyman  Bridges. 
6th  Ohio  Battery,  Lieut.  Oliver  H.  P.  Ayres. 
20th  Ohio  Battery,*  Capt.  Edward  Grosskopff. 
Pennsylvania  Light,  Battery  B,  Lieut.  Samuel  M.  McDowell. 


FOURTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 
Maj.  Gen.  JOHN  M.  PALMER. 

Escort. 
1st  Ohio  Cavalry,  Troop  L,  Capt.  John  D.  Barker. 

FIRST  DIVISION  (FOURTEENTH  CORPS). 
Brig.  Gen.  RICHARD  W.  JOHNSON. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  William  P.  Carlin. 
104th  Illinois,     Lleut.-Col.     Douglas 

Hapeman. 
38th  Indiana,  Lleut.-Col.  Daniel  F. 

Griffin. 
42d  Indiana,  Lleut.-Col.  William  T. 

B.  Mclntlre. 

88th  Indiana,  Col.  Cyrus  E.  Briant. 
2d    Ohio,  Col.  Anson  G.  McCook. 
33d    Ohio,  Capt.  James  H.  M.  Mont- 
gomery. 

94th  Ohio,  Maj.  Rue  P.  Hutchlns. 
10th  Wisconsin,     Capt.    Jacob    W. 
Roby. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  Marshall  F.  Moore. 
Col.  William  L.  Stoughton. 
19th  Illinois,    Lieut.-Col.    Alexander 

W.  Raffen. 
llth  Michigan,     Capt.     Patrick     H. 

Keegan. 

69th  Ohio,  Maj.  James  J.  Hanna. 
16th  United    States,    1st    Battalion, 

Capt.  Henry  Keteltas. 
15th  United     States,     2d     Battalion, 

Capt.  William  S.  McManus. 
16th  United    States,    1st    Battalion, 

Maj.  Robert  E.  A.  Crofton. 
18th  United    States,    1st    Battalion, 

Capt.  George  W.  Smith. 
18th  United     States,     2d     Battalion. 

Capt.  Henry  Haymond. 
19th  United    States,    1st    Battalion, 

Capt.  Henry  S.  Welton. 


•Temporarily  attached  from  Artillery  Reserve. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


443 


Third  Brigade.* 

Brig.  Gen.  John  C..  Starkweather. 
24th  Illinois,  Col.  Geza  Mihalotzy. 
37th  Indiana,  Col.  James  S.  Hull. 
21st  Ohio,  Capt.  Charles  H.  Vantine. 
74th  Ohio,  Maj.  Joseph  Fisher. 

78th  Pennsylvania,  Lieut.-Col.  Archibald  Blakeley. 
79th  Pennsylvania,  Maj.  Michael  H.  Locker. 
1st  Wisconsin,  Lieut.  Col.  George  B.  Bingham. 
21st  Wisconsin,  Capt.  Charles  H.  Walker. 

Artillery. 

1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  C,  Capt.  Mark  H.  Prescott. 
1st  Michigan  Light,  Battery  A,  Capt.  Francis  E.  Hale. 
5th  United  States,  Battery  H,f  Capt.  Francis  L.  Guenther. 


SECOND  DIVISION  (FOURTEENTH  CORPS). 
Brig.  Gen.  JEFFERSON  C.  DAVIS. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  James  D.  Morgan. 

10th  Illinois,  Col.  John  Tillson. 

16th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  James  B. 
Cahill. 

60th  Illinois,  Col.  William  B.  Ander- 
son. 

21st  Kentucky,  Col.  Samuel  W. 
Price. 

10th  Michigan,  Lieut.-Col.  Christo- 
pher J.  Dickerson. 

14th  Michigan, t  Col.  Henry  R.  Miz- 
ner. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  Beatty. 
34th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Oscar  Van 

Tassell. 
78th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Carter  Van 

Vleck. 

3d    Ohio,§  Capt.  Leroy  S.  Bell. 
98th  Ohio,  Maj.  James  M.  Shane. 
108th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Carlo  Piepho. 
113th  Ohio,  Maj.  Lyne  S.  Sullivant. 
121st  Ohio,  Maj.  John  Yager. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  Daniel  McCook. 

85th  Illinois,  Col.  Caleb  J.  Dilworth. 

86th  Illinois,   Lieut.-Col.  David  W.   Magee. 
110th  Illinois,  Lieut-Col.  Hibbard  Topping. 
125th  Illinois,  Col.  Oscar  F.  Harmon. 

52d    Ohio,  Maj.  James  T.  Holmes. 


•During  the  engagements  of  the  23d,  24th  and  25th  was  In  line  of  battle,  holding  fort 
and    breastworks    at   Chattanooga. 

•(•Temporarily  attached  to  Second  Division,  Fourth  Army  Corps. 
jDetached  at  Columbia,  Tenn. 
JDetached  at  Kelly's  Ferry,    Tennessee  River. 
29 


444 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


Artillery. 

Capt.  William  A.  Hotchkiss. 

2d   Illinois  Light,  Battery  I,  Lieut.  Henry  B.  Plant. 
Minnesota  Light,  2d  Battery,  Lieut.   Richard  L.  Dawley. 
Wisconsin  Light,  5th  Battery,  Capt.  George  Q.  Gardner. 

THIRD  DIVISION  (FOURTEENTH  CORPS). 

Brig.  Gen.  ABSALOM  BAIRD. 
First  Brigade.  Second  Brigade. 


Brig.  Gen.  John  B.  Turchin. 
82d   Indiana,  Col.  Morton  C.  Hunter, 
llth  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Ogden  Street. 
17th  Ohio: 

Maj.  Benjamin  F.  Butterfleld. 
Capt.  Benjamin  H.  Showers. 
31st  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Frederick  W. 

Lister. 
36th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Hiram  F.  De- 

vol. 

89th  Ohio,  Capt.  John  H.  Jolly. 
92d    Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.   Douglas  Putnam, 

Jr. 
Captain  Edward  Grosvenor. 


Col.  Ferdinand  Van  Derveer. 
75th  Indiana,  Col.  Milton  S.  Robin- 
son. 

87th  Indiana,  Col.  Newell  Gleason. 
101st  Indiana,     Lieut.-Col.     Thomas 

Doan. 
2d    Minnesota,   Lieut.-Col.  Judson 

W.  Bishop. 
9th  Ohio,   Col.   Gustave   Kammer- 

ling. 
35th  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Henry  V.   Boyn- 

ton. 

Maj.  Joseph  L.  Budd. 
105th  Ohio,    Lieut.-Col.    William    R. 
Tolles. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  Edward  H.  Phelps. 
Col.  William  H.  Hays. 

10th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Marsh  B.  Taylor. 
74th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Myron  Baker. 
4th  Kentucky,  Maj.  Robert  M.  Kelly. 
10th  Kentucky: 

Col.   William   H.   Hays. 
Lieut.-Col.  Gabriel  C.  Wharton. 
18th  Kentucky,*  Lieut.-Col.  Hubbard  K.  Milward. 
14th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  D.  Kingsbury. 
38th  Ohio,  Maj.  Charles  Greenwood. 

Artillery. 

Capt.  George  R.  Swallow. 

Indiana  Light,  7th  Battery,  Lieut.  Otho  H.  Morgan. 
Indiana  Light,  19th  Battery,  Lieut.  Robert  G.  Lackey. 
4th  United  States,  Battery  I,  Lieut.  Frank  G.  Smith. 


•Detached  at  Brown's  Ferry,   Tenn. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  445 

CAVALRY.* 

Second  Brigade  (Second  Division). 

Col.  Eli  Long. 

98th  Illinois  (mounted  infantry),  Lieut.-Col.  Edward  Kitchell. 
17th  Indiana  (mounted  infantry),  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  Jordan. 

2d   Kentucky,  Col.  Thomas  P.  Nicholas. 

4th  Michigan,  Maj.  Horace  Gray. 

1st  Ohio,  Maj.  Thomas  J.  Patten. 

3d    Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Charles  B.  Seidel. 

4th  Ohio  (battalion),  Maj.  George  W.  Dobb. 
10th  Ohio,  Col.  Charles  C.  Smith. 

Engineer  Troops. 
Brig.  Gen.  William  F.  Smith. 

Engineers. 

1st  Michigan  Engineers  (detachment),  Capt.  Perrin  V.  Fox. 
13th  Michigan  Infantry,  Maj.  Willard  G.  Eaton. 
21st  Michigan  Infantry,  Capt.  Loomis  K.  Bishop. 
22d    Michigan  Infantry,  Maj.  Henry  S.  Dean. 
18th  Ohio  Infantry,  Col.  Timothy  R.  Stanley. 

Pioneer  Brigade. 
Col.  George  P.  Buell. 
1st  Battalion,  Capt.  Charles  J.  Stewart. 
2d    Battalion,  Capt.  Carrell  Smith. 
3d    Battalion,  Capt.  William  Clark. 

ARTILLERY  RESERVE. 
.  Gen.  JOHN  M.  BRANNAN. 

FIRST  DIVISION. 
Col.  JAMES  BARNETT. 


First  Brigade. 

Maj.   Charles   S.   Cotter. 

1st  Ohio    Light,    Battery   B,    Lieut. 

Norman  A.  Baldwin. 
1st  Ohio    Light,    Battery    C,    Capt. 

Marco  B.  Gary. 
1st  Ohio    Light,    Battery   E,    Lieut. 

Albert  G.  Ransom. 
1st  Ohio    Light,    Battery    F,    Lieut. 

Giles  J.  Cockerill. 


Second  Brigade. 

1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  G,  Capt. 
Alexander  Marshall. 

1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  M.  Capt. 
Frederick  Schultz. 

Ohio  Light,  18th  Battery,  Lieut.  Jo- 
seph McCafferty. 

Ohio  Light,  20th  Battery.t  Capt.  Ed- 
ward Grosskopff. 


•Corps  Headquarters  and  the  First  and  Second  Brigades  and  the  18th  Indiana  Battery, 
of  the  First  Division,  at  and  about  Alexandria,  Tenn. ;  the  Third  Brigade  at  Caperton's 
Ferry,  Tennessee  River.  The  First  and  Third  Brigades  and  the  Chicago  Board  of 
Trade  Battery,  of  the  Second  Division,  at  Maysville,  Ala. 

•(•Temporarily  attached  to  Third  Division,  Fourth  Army  Corps. 


446 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


SECOND  DIVISION. 


First  Brigade. 

Capt.  Josiah  W.  Church. 
1st  Michigan     Light,      Battery     D, 

Capt.  Josiah  W.  Church. 
1st  Tennessee     Light,     Battery     A, 

Lieut.  Albert  F.  Beach. 
Wisconsin  Light,  3d  Battery,  Lieut. 

Hiram  F.  Hubbard. 
Wisconsin  Light,  8th  Battery,  Lieut. 

Obadiah  German. 
Wisconsin     Light,     10th     Battery, 

Capt.  Yates  V.  Beebe. 


Second  Brigade. 

Capt.  Arnold  Sutermeister. 
Indiana  Liglit,   4th  Battery,   Lieut. 

Henry  J.  Willlts. 
Indiana  Light,   8th  Battery,   Lieut. 

George  Estep. 
Indiana  Light,   llth  Battery,   Capt. 

Arnold  Sutermeister. 
Indiana  Light,  21st  Battery,  Lieut. 

William  E.  Chess. 
1st  Wisconsin  Heavy,  Company  C. 

Capt.  John  R.  Davies. 


Post  of  Chattanooga. 
Col.  John  G.  Parkhurst. 

44th  Indiana,  Lieut. -Col.  Simeon  C.  Aldrich. 
15th  Kentucky,  Maj.  William  G.  Halpin. 
9th  Michigan,  Lieut.-Col.  William  Wilkinson. 


DETACHMENT  FROM  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC. 
ELEVENTH  AND  TWELFTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

Maj.  Gen.  JOSEPH  HOOKER.* 

Provost  Guard. 
10th  Maine,  1st  Battalion,  Capt.  John  D.  Beardsley. 

Escort. 
15th  Illinois  Cavalry,  Company  K,   Capt.   Samuel  B.   Sherer. 


ELEVENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 
Maj.  Gen.  OLIVER  O.  HOWARD. 


General  Headquarters. 
Independent  Company,  8th  New  York  Infantry,  Capt.  Anton  Bruhn. 

•Maj.  Gen.  Joseph  Hooker,  commanding  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Army  Corps,  had 
under  his  Immediate  command  for  the  battle  at  Chattanooga,  the  First  Division. 
Fourth  Corps,  the  Second  Division,  Twelfth  Corps,  portions  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps 
*nd  the  First  Division,  Fifteenth  Corps. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


447 


SECOND  DIVISION  (ELEVENTH  CORPS). 

Brig.  Gen.  ADOLPH  VON  STEINWEHR. 
First  Brigade.  Second  Brigade. 


Col.  Orland  Smith. 
33d    Massachusetts,        Lieut.  -  Col. 

Godfrey  Rider,  Jr. 
136th  New  York,  Col.  James  Wood, 

Jr. 

55th  Ohio,  Col.  Charles  B.  Gambee. 
73d    Ohio,  Maj.  Samuel  H.  Hurst. 


Col.  Adolphus  Buschbeck. 
33d   New   Jersey,    Col.    George   W. 

Mindil. 
134th  New  York,  Lieut. -Col.  Allen  H. 

Jackson. 
154th  New    York,    Col.    Patrick    H. 

Jones. 
27th  Pennsylvania: 

Maj.  Peter  A.  McAloon. 
Capt.  August  Riedt. 
73d    Pennsylvania: 

Lieut.-Col.  Joseph  B.  Taft. 
Capt.  Daniel  F.  Kelley. 
Lieut.  Samuel  D.  Miller. 

THIRD  DIVISION  (ELEVENTH  CORPS). 

Maj.  Gen.  CARL  SCHURZ. 
First  Brigade.  Second  Brigade. 


Brig.  Gen.  Hector  Tyndale. 
101st  Illinois,  Col.  Charles  H.  Fox. 
45th  New  York,  Maj.  Charles  Koch. 
143d   New  York,  Col.  Horace  Bough- 
ton. 
61st  Ohio,  Col.  Stephen  J.  McGro- 

arty. 

82d    Ohio,          Lieut.-Col.          David 
Thompson. 


Col.  Wladimir  Krzyzanowski. 
58th  New  York,  Capt.  Michael  Es- 

embaux. 

119th  New  York,  Col.  John  T.  Lock- 
man. 
141st  New    York,    Col.    William    K. 

Logie. 

26th  Wisconsin,  Capt.  Frederick  C. 
Winkler. 


Third  Brigade. 
Col.  Frederick  Hecker. 
80th  Illinois,  Capt.  James  Neville. 
82d   Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Edward  S.  Salomon. 
68th  New  York,  Lieut.-Col.  Albert  von  Steinhausen. 
75th  Pennsylvania,  Maj.  August  Ledig. 

Artillery. 

Maj.   Thomas  W.   Osbourn. 

1st  New  York  Light,  Battery  I,  Capt.  Michael  Wiedrich. 
New  York  Light,  13th  Battery,  Capt.  William  Wheeler. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  I,*  Capt.  Hubert  Dilger. 
1st  Ohio  Light,  Battery  K,  Lieut.  Nicholas  Sahm. 
4th  United  States,  Battery  G,*  Lieut.  Christopher  F.  Merkle. 


•Temporarily  attached  to  Second  Division,  Fourth  Army  Corps. 


448 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


TWELFTH  ARMY  CORPS.* 
Maj.  Gen.  HENRY  W.  SLOCUM. 


FIRST  DIVISION  (TWELFTH  CORPS). 
Brig.  Gen.  ALPHEUS  S.  WILLIAMS. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  F.  Knipe. 
5th  Connecticut,   Col.   Warren   W. 

Packer. 

20th  Connecticut,  Col.  Samuel  Rosa. 
3d    Maryland,      Col.      Joseph      M. 

Sudsburg. 
123d    New  York,   Lieut.-Col.  James 

C.  Rogers. 
145th  New    York,    Capt.    Samuel    T. 

Allen. 

46th  Pennsylvania,  Lieut.-Col.  Wil- 
liam L.  Foulk. 


Third  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  H.  Ruger. 
27th  Indiana,  Col.  Silas  Colgrove. 
2d    Massachusetts,    Col.     William 

Cogswell. 

13th  New  Jersey,  Col.  Ezra  A.  Car- 
man. 
107th  New     York,     Col.     Nirom     M. 

Crane. 
150th  New  York,  Col.  John  H.  Ket- 

cham. 

3d    Wisconsin,  Col.  William  Haw- 
ley. 


SECOND  DIVISION  (TWELFTH  CORPS). 
Brig.  Gen.  JOHN  W.  GEARY. 


First  Brigade. 

Col.  Charles  Candy. 
Col.  William  R.  Creighton. 
Col.  Thomas  J.  Ahl. 
5th  Ohio,  Col.  John  H.  Patrick. 
7th  Ohio: 

Col.  William  R.  Creighton. 
Lieut.-Col.  Orrin  J.  Crane. 
Capt.  Ernst  J.  Krieger. 
29th  Ohio,  Col.  William  T.  Fitch. 
66th  Ohio: 

Lieut.-Col.  Eugene  Powell. 
Capt.  Thomas  McConnell. 
28th  Pennsylvania: 

Col.  Thomas  J,  Ahl. 
Capt.  John  Flynn. 
147th  Pennsylvania,  Lieut.-Col.  Ario 
Pardee,  Jr. 


Second  Brigade. 

Col.  George  A.  Cobham,  Jr. 
29th  Pennsylvania,      Col.     William 

Rickards,  Jr. 
109th  Pennsylvania,  Capt.  Frederick 

L.  Glmber. 

lllth  Pennsylvania,  Col.  Thomas  M 
Walker. 


•The  First  Division  engaged  in  guarding  the  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  Railroad 
from  Wartrace  Bridge,  Tenn.,  to  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  etc.  Maj.  Gen.  H.  W.  Slocum,  the 
corps  commander,  had  his  headquarters  at  Tullahoma,  Tenn. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


449 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  David  Ireland. 
60th  New  York,  Col.  Abel  Godard. 

78th  New  York,  Lieut. -Col.  Herbert  von  Hammerstein. 
102d   New  York,  Col.  James  C.  Lane. 
137th  New  York,  Capt.  Milo  B.  Eldredge. 
149th  New  York: 

Col.  Henry  A.  Barnum. 
Lieut.-Col.  Charles  B.  Randall. 

Artillery. 

Maj.  John  A.  Reynolds. 

Pennsylvania  Light,  Battery  E,  Lieut.  James  D.  McGill. 
5th  United  States,  Battery  K,  Capt.  Edmund  C.  Bainbridge. 


ARMY  OF  THE  TENNESSEE. 
Maj.   Gen.  WILLIAM  T.   SHERMAN.* 

FIFTEENTH   ARMY   CORPS.f 
Maj.  Gen.  FRANK  P.  BLAIR,  Jr. 


FIRST  DIVISION  (FIFTEENTH  CORPS). 

Brig.  Gen.  PETER  J.  OSTERHAUS. 

First  Brigade. 


Brig.  Gen.  Charles  R.  Woods. 
13th  Illinois: 

Lieut.-Col.       Frederick       W. 

Partridge. 

Capt.  George  P.  Brown. 
3d    Missouri,   Lieut.-Col.   Theodore 

Meumann. 
12th  Missouri: 

Col.  Hugo  Wangelin. 
.  Lieut.-Col.  Jacob  Kacrcher. 


17th  Missouri,  Col.  John  F.  Cramer. 
27th  Missouri,  Col.  Thomas  Curley. 
29th  Missouri: 

Col.  James  Peckham. 

Maj.  Philip  H.  Murphy. 
.31st  Missouri,  Lieut.-Col.  Samuel  P. 

Simpson. 
32d    Missouri,  Lieut.-Col.  Henry  C. 

Warmoth. 
76th  Ohio,  Maj.  Willard  Warner. 


*  General  Sherman  had  under  his  immediate  command  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga 
the  Eleventh  Corps  and  the  Second  Division,  Fourteenth  Corps,  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland;  the  Second  and  Fourth  Divisions,  Fifteenth  Corps,  and  the  Second  Divi- 
sion, Seventeenth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

tThe   Third   Division,    Brig.    Gen.    James   M.    Tuttle   commanding,    at   Memphis,    La 
Grange  and  Pocahontas,  Tenn. 
29 


450 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


Second  Brigade. 


Col.  James  A.  Williamson. 
4th  Iowa,  Lieut.-Col.   George  Bur- 
ton. 

9th  Iowa,  Col.  David  Carskaddon. 
25th  Iowa,  Col.  George  A.  Stone. 


26th  Iowa,  Col.  Milo  Smith. 

30th  Iowa,  Lieut.-Col.  Aurelius  Rob- 
erts. 

31st  Iowa,  Lieut.-Col.  Jeremiah  W. 
Jenkins. 


Artillery. 

Capt.  Henry  H.  Griffiths. 

Iowa  Light,  1st  Battery,  Lieut.  James  M.  Williams. 
2d  Missouri  Light,  Battery  F,  Capt.  Clemens  Landgraeber. 
Ohio  Light,  4th  Battery,  Capt.  George  Froehlich. 


SECOND  DIVISION  (FIFTEENTH  CORPS). 
Brig.  Gen.  MORGAN  L.  SMITH. 


First  Brigade. 

Brig.   Gen.   Giles  A.   Smith. 
Col.  Nathan  W.  Tupper. 
55th  Illinois,  Col.  Oscar  Malmborg. 
116th  Illinois: 

Col.  Nathan  Tupper. 
Lieut.-Col.  James  P.  Boyd. 
127th  Illinois,    Lieut.-Col.    Frank    S. 

Curtiss. 
6th  Missouri,  Lieut.-Col.  Ira  Bou- 

tell. 
8th  Missouri,  Lieut.-Col.  David  C. 

Coleman. 
57th  Ohio,    Lieut.-Col.    Samuel    R. 

Mott. 

13th  United    States,    1st   Battalion, 
Capt.  Charles  C.  Smith. 


Second  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  A.  J.  Lightburn. 
83d    Indiana,      Col.      Benjamin      J. 

Spooner. 

30th  Ohio,  Col.  Theodore  Jones. 
37th  Ohio,     Lieut.-Col.     Louis     von 

Blessingh. 

47th  Ohio,  Col.  Augustus  C.  Parry. 
54th  Ohio,  MaJ.  Robert  Williams,  Jr. 
4th  West  Virginia,   Col.   James  H. 

Dayton. 


Artillery. 

1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  A,  Capt.  Peter  P.  Wood. 
1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  B,  Capt.  Israel  P.  Rumsey. 
1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  H,  Lieut  Francis  De  Gress. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


461 


FOURTH  DIVISION  (FIFTEENTH  CORPS). 

Brig.  Gen.  HUGH  EWING. 
First  Brigade.  Second  Brigade. 


Col.  John  M.  Loomis. 
26th  Illinois,  Lieut.-Col.  Robert  A. 

Gillmore. 
90th  Illinois: 

Col.  Timothy  O'Meara. 
Lieut.-Col.  Owen  Stuart. 
12th  Indiana,     Col.     Reuben     Wil- 
liams. 

100th  Indiana,      Lieut.-Col.      Albert 
Heath. 


Brig.  Gen.  John  M.  Corse. 
Col.  Charles  C.  Walcutt. 
40th  Illinois,  Maj.  Hiram  W.  Hall. 
103d   Illinois,  Col.  Willard  A.  Dick- 

erman. 
6th  Iowa,  Lieut.-Col.  Alexander  J. 

Miller. 
15th  Michigan,*  Lieut.-Col.   Austin 

E.  Jaquith. 
46th  Ohio: 

Col.  Charles  C.  Walcutt. 
Capt.  Isaac  N.  Alexander. 


Third  Brigade. 

Col.  Joseph  R.  Cockerill. 

48th  Illinois,   Lieut.-Col.  Lucien  Greathouse. 
97th  Indiana,  Col.  Robert  F.  Catterson. 
99th  Indiana,  Col.  Alexander  Fowler. 
53d    Ohio,  Col.  Wells  S.  Jones. 
70th  Ohio,  Maj.  William  B.  Brown. 

Artillery. 

Capt.  Henry  Richardson. 

1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  F,  Capt.  John  T.  Cheney. 
1st  Illinois  Light,  Battery  I,  Lieut.  Josiah  H.  Burton. 
1st  Missouri  Light,  Battery  D,  Lieut.  Byron  M.  Callender. 


SEVENTEENTH  ARMY  CORPS. 

SECOND  DIVISION   (SEVENTEENTH  CORPS). 

Brig.  Gen.  JOHN  E.  SMITH. 

First  Brigade. 


Col.  Jesse  I.  Alexander. 
63d    Illinois,     Col.     Joseph    B.     Mc- 

Cown. 
48th  Indiana,  Lieut.-Col.  Edward  J. 

Wood. 


59th  Indiana,  Capt.  Wilford  H.  Wel- 


4th  Minnesota,  Lieut.-Col.  John  E. 

Tourtellotte. 
18th  Wisconsin,  Col.  Gabriel  Bouck. 


•Detached  at  Scottsborough,  Ala. 


452 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


Second  Brigade. 


Col.  Green  B.  Raum. 
Col.  Francis  C.  Deimling. 
Col.  Clark  R.  Wever. 
56th  Illinois,      Maj.      Pinckney 

Welsh. 
17th  Iowa: 

Col.  Clark  R.  Wever. 
Maj.  John  F.  Walden. 


J. 


10th  Missouri: 

Col.  Francis  C.  Deimling. 

Lieut.-Col.  Christian  Happel. 
24th  Missouri,     Company     E,     Capt. 

William  W.  McCammon. 
80th  Ohio,  Lieut.-Col.  Pren  Metham 


Third  Brigade. 

Brig.  Gen.  Charles  L.  Matthies. 
Col.  Benjamin  D.  Dean. 
Col.  Jabez  Banbury. 
93d   Illinois: 

Col.   Holden  Putnam.         , 
Lieut.-Col.  Nicholas  C.  Buswell. 
5th  Iowa: 

Col.  Jabez  Banbury. 
Lieut.-Col.  Ezekiel  S.  Sampson. 
10th  Iowa,  Lieut-Col.  Paris  P.  Henderson. 
26th  Missouri,  Col.  Benjamin  D.  Dean. 

Artillery. 

Capt.  Henry  Dillon. 

Cogswell's  (Illinois)  Battery,  Capt.  William  Cogswell. 
Wisconsin  Light,  6th  Battery,  Lieut.  Samuel  F.  Clark. 
Wisconsin  Light,  12th  Battery,  Capt.  William  Zickerick. 


ROSTER  OF  APPLICATIONS 


RECEIVED   AT 


ADJUTANT  GENERALS  OFFICE, 


HARRISBURG,  PA., 


Transportation  to  Chattanooga,  Tennessee, 


UNDER    PROVISIONS   OF 


ACT  OF  ASSEMBLY,  APPROVED  JULY  22,   1897. 


(453) 


(454) 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


455 


ROSTER    OF   APPLICATIONS 


Transportation  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn, 


TWENTY-SEVENTH    REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Adelsheimer,    Jacques.    
•Adler,    Noah  
Albert,  Ferdinand  
»Buder,   William  
"Charles    John    

Capt  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

A, 
B, 
H, 

B, 

I 

26   Fremont   St.,    Allegheny,    Pa. 
2308  N.  Cleveland  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 
852  N.    46th   St.,.  Phila.,    Pa. 
1325  Bishop  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 
2155  N.  6th  St      Phila.     Pa. 

Emhart,   John  

Private,  .. 

c, 

2743  N.   Front   St.,   Phila.     Pa. 

Gammel,    George  
Grawe,    Anthony  

Corp.  
Private,  .. 

A, 

E, 

1536  N.  5th  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
3729  Park  Ave.     Phila.     Pa. 

*Hasher,   Fred  

Private,  .  . 

H, 

1116  Leopard  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Hagler,   Charles  

Private 

c 

3402  N    5th  St      Phila      Pa 

Herman,  William  H  
Heiligman,   Charles,    
Heiligman,    Louis  

Private,  .. 
Sergt  
1st  Lieut. 

A, 
B, 
A, 

1327  Mt.  Vernon  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
2448  Marshall   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
845  St  •  John  St      Phila.,   Pa. 

Hornstein,    George  
Houser,    John  
•Huber,    Peter  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private 

A, 

o, 

A 

909  St.  John  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
1020  Federal  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
3715  Warren  St      Phila      Pa 

•Kimmel,    George  
Mauk,     Henry  
Muller,    George,     
*Parker,  John,  
Peter,   Charles  
Richardson,   Charles  H.,    
Scholder,    Christian  
Schnitman,    Christian  

Private,  .  . 
Corp  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private 

C, 
A, 
A, 
D, 
A, 
F, 
A, 
E 

1023  Federal  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
840  St.   John  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
1641  N.  3d  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
2239  Fitzwater  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
822  N.  3d  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
1620  N.  7th  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 
467  N.  5th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

*Schuler,    Charles,    
Shoemaker,  Jacob  
"Waterman,    Charles   A  

Corp.,  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 

K, 
D, 
B, 

15  Wheat  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
2233  Arimingo  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
329  N.  Water  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

»Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


456 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 
TWENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT    INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Amlgr,  David  

Private,    .. 

K 

Allentown     Lehigh    Co       Pa 

•Anthony,  John  W  

Private,    .  . 

I, 

508  Washington  Ave.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

Armor,  William  C  
Armstrong,  Daniel,  
•Bean,  Charles  F  
Bear,  Henry  L  
Behe,  Luke  

Bvt.  Maj., 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Corp  
Private,    .. 

B, 

F, 
B, 

F, 

4   N.   Court   Ave.,    Harrisburg,    Pa. 
Greensburg,    Westmoreland    Co.,    Pa. 
Elizabeth,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
Ruffsdale,     Westmoreland    Co.,     Pa. 
St.    Augustine,    Cambria  Co.,    Pa, 

Berkey,  George  
Booher,  John  S  
Borlln,  Albert  S  
•Bradley,  Francis  
Brown,  Daniel  S.,  
•Brown  Henry  E  .  .... 

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

F. 
B, 
B, 

F, 
I, 
A, 

Pottstown,     Montgomery    Co.,     Pa. 
Scottdale,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 
Greensburg,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 
Houtzdale,    Clearneld  Co.,    Pa. 
Wormleysburg,   Cumberland  Co.,   Pa. 
Bethlehem,  Northampton  Co.,   Pa. 

Brown,  John  H.  ,  
Bruner,  Josiah  M.,  
Burt,  George  
Calmus,  Daniel  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Private,    .  . 

B, 
I, 
A. 
H, 

Ruftsdale,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 
Duncannon,   Perry  Co.,   Pa. 
Carson    St.,    Hazleton,    Pa. 
52  Beaver  Ave.,   Allegheny,   Pa. 

Private,    .. 

K, 

1502  Harrison  St.,   Frankford,   Phila- 

•Carroll, James  I  
Chapman,  Charles  W  

Private,    .. 
1st  Lieut., 

C, 

E, 

delphia,    Pa. 
209  N.   5th  St.,    Philadelphia,   Pa. 
Catasauqua,    Lehigh  Co.,    Pa, 

Cooley,  Firman  
Cooper  James  Gilchrist 

Private,    .. 
1st  Lieut., 

F, 
G., 

Boston,    Allegheny    Co.,    Pa. 
2415  Wylle   Ave.     Pittsburgh     Pa. 

Cornet,  Joseph  L.,  

Corp  

A, 

1914   Marshall    St.,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 

Cronin,  Andrew,  

Private,    .  . 

H, 

44   Enoch  St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

•Dalzell,  James  
Deeds,  George  H  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

G, 
B, 

123   41st   St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Edgewood  Park     Allegheny,   Pa. 

•Dewalt,  Jacob  
•Doak,  William  H  
Eckerd,  John  A  
Eisenberger,  Henry  D.,  

Foerlng,  John  O.t  

Private,    .  . 
Corp  
Private,    .. 
Corp  

Bvt.  Capt., 

F. 
A, 
I, 
I, 

D, 

Scottdale,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 
Nesquehoning,    Carbon   Co.,    Pa. 
2011  Morris  St.,    Philadelphia,   Pa. 
New    Cumberland,    Cumberland    Co., 
Pa. 
Wynnewood,    Montgomery  Co.,    Pa. 

Fowler,  James  
Fries,  Jacob  D.,  
Fulmer,  Joseph  
Gabriel,  William  H  

Private,    .  . 
Corp  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 

A. 
E, 
C, 
C, 

Alvira,    Union   Co.,    Pa. 
302   S.    13th   St.,    Reading,    Pa. 
181  Norrls  St.,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 
Allentown,    Lehigh    Co.,    Pa. 

Glunt,  John  
Goldsmith,  Godfrey  
Gooderham,  Abraham  B.,  .... 
Gulstwite,  John  H  
Hays,  John  
Hamilton,  Thomas  J  
•Hamilton.  Wesley  K  
Hendren,  Joseph  T  
Hotter,  John  Henry  
Johnson,  Solomon  :  
Johnston,  William  

Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 
Sergt.,  
Corp  
Capt  
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,    .. 
2d  Lieut.,.. 
Private,    .  . 

H, 
D. 
F. 
I, 
K, 
0, 

C, 
H, 
E, 
G 

California,   Washington  Co.,   Pa. 
674  Walnut  St.,    Pottstown,    Pa. 
700  First   Ave.,    Altoona,    Pa. 
Columbia,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa, 
1518  Dorrance  St.,   Phila.,   Pa, 
P.  O.  Box  722,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
East   Brady,    Clarion  Co.,    Pa. 
Ridge  Ave.,  Roxborough,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Cato   Oakland,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Mauch  Chunk,   Carbon  Co.,    Pa, 
5169  Dauphin  St     Pittsburgh    Pa, 

Kale,  Edward  

Kennedy,  James  P  
Klehl,  Jacob  F  
tKnight  Zachariah  

Private,    .. 

Corp  
Sergt  
1st  Lieut 

A, 

F, 
F, 
P 

7818  Willow  St.,   Holmesburg,    Phila- 
delphia,   Pa. 
McKeesport,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 
McKeesport,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 
1123  Ross   Ave     Pittsburgh     Pa, 

Laurish,  Simon  F., 

1st  Sergt.. 

E. 

Mauch  Chunk,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
^Commissioned   Captain,    not   mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  457 

TWENTY-EIGHTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

1st  Sergt. 

K, 

1142   S.    llth   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Lentz,  Henry  
Lowman,   Harrison  
Lucas,   William  
tLuithlin,    Ludwig   B  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 

E, 
F, 
G, 
D 

Mt.  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 
Sylvia,    Clearfleld    Co.,    Pa. 
Montoursville,   Lycoming  Co.,   Pa. 
1930  E.  Cumberland  St.    Phila.    Pa. 

tMailly     William      

F 

Marr,   George     

1st  Lieut 

A, 

tMcAHister      Michael      

E 

Pottsville     Schuylkill  Co      Pa 

G 

30  Vickroy  St     Pittsburgh    Pa 

McShea    Patrick     .  .          

A 

McAdoo     Schuylkill   Co      Pa 

Milbee    James,    

B 

tMilligan,    William  

Sergt  

F, 

Buena  Vista    Allegheny  Co      Pa. 

Moore,   Albert  
tMoran,    Patrick  
ttMortimer,    John  V.,    

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
1st  Sergt., 

G, 
F, 
F, 

Sewlckley,   Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
1821  5th  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
McKeesport,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 

Moser,    Gideon  

E 

1402  Lafayette  St      Scranton     Pa 

Q 

123  N    Vine  St      Hazleton    Pa 

Nelson,   Charles  R  

Private 

K 

2718  Church   St      Bridesburg     Phila 

Nicholson,  John  P  
Norris     Daniel     

B.  Lt.  Col., 
Private 

G 

Pa. 
1124  N.  41st  St.,  Phila.,  Pa, 

tOrth,    Jacob   G  

Sergt  .  .  . 

D 

2219    Uber    Place     Phila      Pa 

Overholt,    George  W.,    

Private 

B, 

Mt.  Pleasant    Westmoreland  Co.    Pa. 

Penrose,   John  B.,    

tPettit,    Robert,    
tRibble,   John,   Jr  
Robinson,   William  H  

Private,  .  . 

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

A, 

E, 
D, 
H, 

Broad    St.,    Hazleton,    Luzerne    Co., 
Pa. 
126  N.  Coal  St.,  Pottsville,  Pa. 
3527  Edgemont  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
Sydenham  St.,  23d  ward,   Pittsburgh, 

Rourke,  Patrick  F  
JRupp,    Martin,    
Simpson,  William  T  

Capt.  ,  
1st.  Sergt., 
Prin.  Mu., 

I. 
I, 

A, 

Pa. 
1012  Tasker  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Lebanon,    Lebanon  Co.,    Pa. 
440  Quincy  Ave.,  Scranton,  Pa, 

Sergt  

D, 

3740   N.    15th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

tSheible,    John  
Shenkle,   Cyrus  J  

Corp  
Sergt.  ,  

H, 
D, 

1341  Ann  St.,    Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
934  Belmont  Ave.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

tShultz,    Elijah    L.  
Slavin    John     

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

I, 
H, 

Lycippus,  Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 
607  Lenora  St.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

tSlike,    William  
Slonaker,  David  
•fSmith,  James  C.,    
Speakman,   Charles  Y  
tStanwood,    Henry  T  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Sgt.  Maj., 
Corp  
Musician, 

c, 

B, 

I, 

D, 

Lickdale,    Lebanon   Co.,    Pa. 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 
Excelsior,    Northumberland   Co.,    Pa. 
Sunbury,    Northumberland    Co.,    Pa, 
1517    Arrott    St.,    Frankford,    Phila., 

Steam,    Fernandus  
Steck,   Samuel  R  
Tarr,    Melker-  S  
Telfer,  Lancelot  B  

Sergt  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 

C, 

B, 
B, 

H, 

Pa. 

1430  Unity  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Bellevue,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa. 
Tarr,    Westmoreland  Co.,    Pa. 
216  Robinson  St.,    Allegheny,    Pa, 

Thomas,   William  R  
Tweedle,   James  B  
Vance,   James  R  
Vandegrift,   Jesse  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private 

B, 
A, 
H, 
K 

Confluence,    Somerset   Co.,    Pa. 
Weatherly,    Carbon   Co.,    Pa. 
2438  Montrose  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
2217      Washington      St.,      Frankford, 

Vandegrift,    William  

Private,  .  . 

K, 

Phila.,    Pa. 
4810  Garden   St.,    Bridesburg,    Phila., 
Pa. 

•Commissioned  First  Lieutenant,   not  mustered. 
tNot   present   at   the   dedicatory   ceremonies. 
tCommirfsioned   Second   Lieutenant,    not   mustered. 


458  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

TWENTY-EIGHTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Walker,  Stephen  G  
•Watt,    Albert  J  
Wickersham,  John  
tWllson,   William  
t\\"itham,    William   S  

Private,    .. 
Com.  Sgt., 
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Adjutant 

H, 

I. 
H, 

1920   Forbes   St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
McKees  Rocks,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 
Yocumtown,  York  Co.,  Pa. 
66  Washington  St..   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

Worsley,   Philip  F  
Wright,  Charles  H  

Corp.,  
Private,  .  . 

D, 

c. 

Phila.,    Pa. 
1329  Castle   Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa, 
4216  Paul  St      Frankford    Phila     Pa 

Wright    John  H  

Private 

K 

2538  A  St      Phila      Pa 

tYoest,    Charles  

1st  Sergt 

H 

tZehner,  Joseph  J  

Private 

E 

TWENTY-NINTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

tBaker,  Charles  H  

Hos.  Ste'd, 
1st  Lieut., 

F, 

3727  Powelton  Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1938  N.  18th  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 

tBender,    Jacob  S.  

Asst.  Sgn., 

Carlisle,  Cumberland  Co.,   Pa. 

Betzold     William       

1st   Sergt., 

H, 

Ashbourne,   Montgomery  Co.,   Pa. 

Bimmer,    Wm.    F  

Corp  

E, 

1834   N.   5th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa.' 

IBishop     Francis      

Private,    .•. 

I, 

2817   Olivia   PI.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

BoUcly,    William    H  

Private,    .. 

G, 

1032  Sergeant  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

Boon,  William  L  

Private,    .. 

C. 

Colwyn,    Delaware   Co.,    Pa. 

Boswell.    George  

Corp  

D. 

607  Washington  Ave.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

Boyce,   Daniel  H.  ,    

Private,    .. 

B, 

901  S.  2d  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

Brlggs,  George  C  

Sergt  

G, 

433  Sigel  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Brooks.  Richard  

Private,    .. 

K. 

2705   Poplar  St..    Phila.,    Pa. 

Brown,   George  W.,    

Private,    .. 

E>. 

Wayne,    Delaware   Co.,    Pa. 

Buchanan,  John  Brlson  

Corp  

A, 

533   Moore   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Buchanan,  William  R  

Sergt.  ,  

A, 

539  Moore   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Burnwood,    Walter  S  

Sergt  

B, 

1253  S.  49th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

tHyrnes,   William  J  

Capt  

D, 

891  N.   44th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Camac,    John   A  

Private,    .  . 

C, 

3528  Wharton  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Campbell,   Robert  

Corp  

K, 

919  Pierce  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

tCavanagh,   Richard  

Private,    .. 

H, 

1717  Ingersoll  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Clayton,  John  W  

Corp  

K. 

517  Slgel  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 

Colton,    Edward  

Corp  

B, 

1S04   S.   13th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

tConnerton,    James  

Private,    .. 

C, 

49  N.  22d  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

Cromley,    William  

Sergt  

E, 

1433  Snyder  Ave.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Culbertson,  William  

Sergt  

A, 

741  N.  40th  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

Downey,    Patrick  

Private,    .. 

F, 

220  N.  Center  St.,   Pottsvllle,    Pa. 

Dougherty,    John  

Corp  

B, 

935  W.    Dauphin   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

tDtibosq,    Peter  

Private,    .. 

A. 

419  Borden  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

Dunn,  William  

Corp  

E, 

2142  Hope  St.,   Phila..   Pa. 

•Commissioned  Second   Lieutenant,   not  mustered. 
tNot   present   at   the   dedicatory   ceremonies. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  459 

TWENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Fortescue,  Louis  R  
Foster,  Joseph  
Frankland,  James  
Gaul,  William  S  
*Gibson.  Thomas  M  

Capt  
Corp.,  
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  

A, 
B, 
I, 
B, 

A, 
H, 
F, 
A, 
A, 
G. 
B, 
F, 
E, 
H, 

A, 
A, 
B, 
F, 
G, 
G, 
G, 
A, 

c, 

K, 
H, 
A, 
K, 
E, 
E. 
H, 
C, 
H, 
B, 
B, 

1533  N.   15th  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
3517   Haverford   St.,    Phila.      Pa 
2424   S.    16th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
2312  South   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1721  Ellsworth  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
Lock  Haven,   Clinton  Co.,  Pa. 
1301   Castle   Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1339  Hancock   St.,    Phila'.,    Pa. 
1750  Tilghman  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 
Carlisle,    Cumberland  Co.,    Pa. 
Upper  Providence,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa. 
6713  Haverford  Ave.,   Phila.     Pa 
1242   S.   10th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa 
819  N.  42d  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
830  N.   40th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Ashbourne,    Montgomery   Co.,    Pa 
1333  S.   5th  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
3824  Warren   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
2429   N.    15th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
2262   Sydenham   St.,    Phila.,    Pa 
2412  N.    10th  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
804  Sears  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
165  Markle  St.,  Manayunk,  Phila    Pa 
1417  S.   13th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
204  Tree  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
2319  N.  16th  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
1806  E.   Huntingdon  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
1942  Wilder  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1222  N.  50th  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
506  N.  23d  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
4242  Thomas  St.,Frankford,Phila.,Pa. 
936  N.  7th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
4138  Leidy  Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
11  N.  38th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
1912  Brown  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
4049   Market  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1441  Dickinson   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1343  Hanover  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
916  Gray's  Ferry  Road,   Phila.,  Pa. 
Ebensburg,   Cambria  Co.,   Pa. 
Bryn  Mawr,    Montgomery  Co.,    Pa. 
2121  N.   18th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
804   Walnut    St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1835  Christian  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
1146  Dunton  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
Ontario,  E.  of  G.  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Franklin,   Venango  Co.,   Pa. 
1527  Park  Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1116  Canal  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 
2216  N.   6th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
4138  Girard  Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
3307  Lancaster  Ave.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
616  Brooklyn   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
805  N.   5th  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
5131  Franklin  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

»Glenn,  Hugh,  
Graham,  John,  
•Grummet,  Charles  

Guinan  Daniel  

Hackman,  Morris  W  
•Hardy,  Jacob  W  
*Himes,  James  
Hoffner,  Wallace  M.  

Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Corp.,  
Corp  

•Hood,  Lewis  H  
Huntley,  John  M.  D.,  
Jimison,  Edward  S  

Sergt  
Q.  M.,    .... 
1st  Lieut., 
Capt.,  
Corp.,  
2d  Lieut.,.. 
Private,    .. 
Sergt  
1st  Sergt.,. 
Private,    .. 

•Johnston,  Andrew  
Johnson,  John  A.  J  
Jones,  Elisha  

Jones,  James  Sidney  
Jones,  John  J.,  
•Jones,  Thomas  C  

Kay,  Samuel  

•Kille,  John,  
•Krafft,  George  T  

Sergt  
Private,    .  . 
Sergt.,  
Corp.,  
Private,    .  . 

Le  Maistre,  Thomas  W.,  
Logan,  Joseph  
Long,  Alexander  

Long,  Ellwood  

Private,    .. 

Leithgow,  Robert,  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 

Martin,  Robert  R.,  

Corp  

McCune,  Alexander  
McMaihn,  William  H  
Mercer,  Eber  T  

Private,    .  . 
Sergt  '.. 
1st    Lieut., 
Bt.Lt.Col., 

Millison,  Jesse  R  

Monat,  David,  

Private,    .  . 

G, 
E, 
B, 
H, 
E, 
K, 
C, 
C, 
K, 
B, 

O'Bryon,  Benjamin  F.,  

Private,    .. 

•Olmstead,  David  B  

Private,    .  . 
Private 

•Onstead,  Philip,  

Owens,  William  E  

Private,    .  . 

•Paullin,  William  T  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

•Phillips,  James  S  

•Purdon,  Jatnes,  
Reed,  Benjamin  
•Reeves,  Nelson,  
Rickards'  William  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Colonel    .  .  . 

Ryan,  Richard,  
•Shaw,  Casper,  
•Shellenberger,  Harvey,  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
2d  Lieut.,.. 
1st  Sergt., 
Sergt.,  
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Capt.,  

K, 
F, 
G, 
B, 
D,  ' 
B, 
A, 
E, 

Shubert,  Charles  B  

•Shuster,  William  D  
•Sloan,  William  J  

Snyder,  Henry  
Sorber,  Frederick  I  

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
30 


460  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

TWENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank.          Co. 

Residence. 

•Sperlng,  John  A  

Sergt..  H. 
Private,    ..     A, 
Private,    ..     A, 
Corp  A, 

1234  Savery  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
241*  N.   3d   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1738  S.  7th  St..   Phila..   Pa, 
1717  Dutton  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
4137  Ludlow  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 
430  George  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
19S2   S.   13th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
1225  Parrish   St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
2108  E.   Cambria  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
1820  Hicks   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
103   Moore   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

•Stanback    Michael     

Steever,    Edmund  G  
Stelnmetz,    George  
Toy,    Cornelius  

Trefz,  Charles  M  

Musician,        A, 
Private,    ..     E, 
Private,    ..     K, 
Private,    ..     D, 

•Vautier,    Charles  
Walker,  Edward  A.  
West,   Adam  C  

•Wiley.    David  
•White     John,     

Corp  I, 
Private,    ..     K, 

FORTY-SIXTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Abbott.   John  A  

Corp  

C, 

Axe.  John  W.,    ..'..  

Corp  

H. 

Baines,   Robert  S  

Private,    .. 

F, 

Barrett    Charles  N      

2d    Lieut.,.. 

H, 

•Bartz,   Peter  

Private,    .. 

F. 

Corp.  ,  

D, 

Private,    .. 

Q. 

•Bishop,    Wilson  

Private,    .. 

E. 

Boyer,  Elias  

Corp  

D, 

Private,    .. 

K, 

Bray,  James  

Com.  Sgt., 

•Bush,    Leander,     

Private,    .. 

I, 

Cadwallader,   Geo.    B  

A.    Q.    M., 



Chester,    Jackson  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Clark,   Frank  A.,    

Private,    .. 

K, 

1st    Lieut., 

o, 

Craig,    Neal  

Capt  

F, 

•Craig,    Alex.   T  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

Crow,    George  W  

Private,    .. 

I, 

Davis,  Daniel  

Sergt  

C. 

1st    Sergt., 

C, 

Daws,    Benjamin  

Private,    .. 

F. 

•Delp,    Ephralm  

Private,    .. 

C, 

•Uunkelberger,  Cornelius  H.,.. 

Private.     .. 

K. 

tEakman,  Lewis  C  

1st  Sergt.. 

I. 

Early,   Joseph,    

Private,  .  .. 

D, 

•Estes,    Charles   A  

Sergt  

G, 

Ewlng,   Henry  B  

Private,    .. 

F, 

•Ewlng,    James   D  

Private,    .  . 

F, 

Farrell,  Delos  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Allentown,   Lehlgh  Co.,   Pa. 
Neshannock    Falls,     Lawrence     Co., 

Pa 

1904   Second   Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Port   Allegany,    McKean  Co.,    Pa, 
Centreville,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Marysville,   Perry  Co.,   Pa. 
Westfleld,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 
Sheakleysvllle,    Mercer   Co.,    Pa! 
53  N.  Cameron  St.,  Harrisburg,   Pa. 
Hhamokin,   Northumberland  Co.,   Pa. 
Industry,   Beaver  Co.,  Pa. 
Belsano,  Cambria  Co.,  Pa. 
Sunbury,    Northumberland    Co.,    Pa. 
Speers,    Washington   Co.,    Pa. 
Shamokin,    Northumberland  Co.,   Pa. 
Clara,    Potter  Co.,    Pa. 
466  Tustin  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Tidal,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 
Relbold,  Butler  Co.,  Pa. 
Alburtis,    Lehigh  Co.,    Pa. 
Catasauqua,    Lehigh  Co.,    Pa. 
52  Bertha  St..   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Elroy,   Montgomery  Co.,  Pa. 
Middleburg,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 
Munhall,  Allegheny  Co.,  Pa. 
Piketown,    Dauphin   Co.,    Pa. 
Oswayo,   Potter  Co.,   Pa. 
Beaver  Falls,  Beaver  Co.,  Pa. 
Merrlmac  St.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Hillsville,    Lawrence  Co.,    Pa. 


•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommlssloned   First  Lieutenant,   not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 
FORTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


461 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

4 

•Fisher,    Charles  H  

B, 

Somerset,    Somerset   Co.      Pa. 

*Frantz,     Henry  
•Fullmer,  John  G  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

D, 
F, 

Dauphin,    Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 
211  Willow  Ave.,   Altoona    Pa 

Geary,  Peter  
Geiger,    Peter  

Corp  
Private,     .. 

B, 
D, 

McCracken,    Greene    Co.,    Pa. 
Lebanon,  Lebanon  Co     Pa 

Getter,    Jacob  B.,    

1st  Lieut., 

K, 

Shamokin,    Northumberland  Co      Pa 

•Gilbert,    Edward  
Gilger,  John  A.,    

Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 

G, 
K, 

Potterbrook,    Tioga  Co.,   Pa. 
S07  W.  Race  St.,   Pottsville    Pa 

•Harris,    Michael,     

Private,    .. 

A, 

Coal  Center    Washington  Co     Pa 

•Hay  ward,  William  R  
•Hoke,    Cornelius  

Corp  
Private,    .. 

1CT 

D, 

Shippingport,   Beaver  Co.,  Pa. 
Renova,   Clinton  Co.,   Pa. 

Horton,  EHsha  S  
Hume,    Edward,    

Sergt.  
Private,    .  . 

K 

Westfield,   Tioga  Co.,   Pa. 
Park  Place     Schuylkill  Co      Pa 

Keffer,    Peter    S  

Private,    .. 

E, 

139  Pear  St.,   Reading    Pa 

Kenyon,    Van  Ranslaer  
Kern,   Henry  S.  

Kern,    Uriah  ."  

Private,    .  . 
Corp  

Sergt  

G, 
I, 

I, 

Oswayo,   Potter  Co.,    Pa. 
New    Florence,     Westmoreland    Co., 
Pa. 
New    Florence,     Westmoreland    Co 

•Kessler,   Francis  M  
Klingenberger     Joseph  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

A, 

c, 

Pa. 

Belle  Vernon,  Fayette  Co.,   Pa. 
Indiana,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa 

Knipe,   Joseph  F  
Leclere,   John  D.  ,    
Lewis,  George  W  
Manning,    Gilbert  N  
Marshall,   Jonathan  D.  

Brig.  Gen., 
Corp  
Corp.,  
Corp  
Private,    .  . 

I, 
A, 
G, 
H, 

167  S.   Summit  St.,   Harrisburg,   Pa. 
Uniontown,    Fayette   Co.,    Pa. 
Lewistown,    Mifflin  Co.,    Pa. 
Westfield,    Tioga   Co.,    Pa. 
Fombell,    Beaver  Co.,    Pa. 

Martz     William 

Sergt.,  

D, 

Williamstown     Dauphin   Co      Pa 

•Malloy    Patrick  

Private,    .. 

F, 

1419  Hazel  St.,  Pittsburgh    Pa 

Markham,     George  
Matchette,    Joseph  

Corp  
Capt.,  

G, 
I, 
j 

Oswayo,   Potter  Co.,    Pa. 
Catasauqua,   Lehigh  Co.,   Pa. 

•McCurdy,  John  
McMonagle,    William      

Private,    .  . 
Corp.,  

E, 

c, 

Butler,    Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Catasauqua,    Lehigh    Co.,    Pa. 

McSwinev,    Dennis,     

Private,    .  . 

I 

Willet,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Miller     Richard   B       

Private,    .. 

E, 

North   River  Road,   Reading,   Pa. 

Private,     .  . 

B, 

Oakmont,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa 

•Mutthersbough,   Jacob  A.,   ... 

Sergt  
Private,-   .  . 

A, 
F, 

Driftwood,    Cameron   Co.,    Pa. 
Harshaville,    Beaver,    Co.  ,    Pa. 

Novinger,  Thomas  J  
Nipple,   George  W  

Capt  
Private,    .  . 

D, 
A, 

Alfarata,    Mifflin   Co.,    Pa. 
Lewistown,    Mifflin  Co.,    Pa. 

Painter,    Thomas  

Private,     .. 

I, 

1419  14th  Ave.,    Altoona,    Pa. 

Palmatier,    Caleb  A  

Private,    .  . 

G, 

Palmatier,   Potter  Co.,   Pa. 

•Patrick,    John,     

Corp.,  

c, 

Catasauqua,    Lehigh   Co.,    Pa. 

Plants,  Reuben  C  
•Potts,  David  I  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

G, 

T 

Andrews  Settlement,   Potter  Co.,   Pa. 
Willet,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Powley,    Simon,    
•Powley,    Joseph,     
•Purdy,  James  
Rankin,   Matthew  T  
•Reimert,    William  
Rhenard,    Charles  H  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 
Private,     .. 
Private,    .  . 
Corp  
Musician, 

D, 
D, 

F, 
I, 
D, 
D, 

1319   18th   Ave.,    Altoona.    Pa. 
616    Kelker    St.,    Harrisburg,    Pa. 
Clinton,    Allegheny    Co.,    Pa. 
Willet,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
905  N.  46th  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
456   S.    Main    St.,    Wilkes-Barre,    Pa. 

Row,    Charles  A  
Ruble,  Lewis  H  
Scott,    William  
•Selfridge,   Alexander  W  

Sergt  
Corp.,  
Private,    .. 
Bt.    Major. 

E, 
A, 
F, 

226    S.    6th    St.,    Reading,    Pa. 
Alms  House,    Lewistown,    Pa. 
Jeannette,   Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 
523  S.   9th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

'Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


462  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

FORTY-SIXTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY-  Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Seyfert,    William  
Shaver,  John  H  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 

D, 
A, 

435  S.  6th  St.,  Reading,  Pa. 
Mount  Union,  Huntingdon  Co.,  Pa. 

•Shattuck,  William  L  
Shlmp,    William   T  
Sigley,    Owen  B  
Simon,   Albert  A  
Smith,    William    T  
Snyder,   David  M  
St.   Clalr,    John   H  

Capt  
Corp  
2d  Lieut.,.. 
Private,  .. 
Corp.  ,  
Sergt.,  
Private,  .. 

a, 

A, 
H, 

E, 
I, 
K, 
C. 

Os-wayo,  Potter  Co.,  Pa. 
Knst  Salem,   Juniata  Co.,   Pa. 
Mauch  Chunk,  Carbon  Co.,   Pa. 
119  Chestnut   St.,    Reading,    Pa. 
Willet,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
Shamokin,    Northumberland  Co.,   Pa. 
New  Castle    Lawrence  Co.,    Pa. 

•Sweitzer,    Daniel,    
Terwilliger,    Henry  
•Weaver,    George  
Weamer,   W.   H  
Weber,  Wm.  B  
tWeldensaul,    Henry  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Capt  

E, 
G, 
D, 
I, 
A, 
D 

Penn  Street,   Reading,   Pa. 
Sharon  Center,  Potter  Co.,  Pa. 
Penbrook,    Dauphin    Co.,    Pa. 
Plumville,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 
Lewistown,    Mifflin  Co.,    Pa. 
249  N    Front  St      Reading    Pa 

Wells,  Edward  D  
•Wiser,   Jacob  F.t    
•Wilson,    John  T  
Wise,   Jerome  M  

Sergt  
Private,  .  . 
Sergt  
Private 

D. 

B, 
F, 
j^ 

New  Buffalo,    Perry  Co.,    Pa. 
Kittannlng,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 
Imperial,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
865  Brooklyn   St      Phila      Pa 

SEVENTY-FIFTH   REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Bichler,    John  
Briggs     William    J  

Private,    .. 
1st  Lieut., 

A, 
C, 

Mlddleport,   Schuylkill  Co.,   Pa. 
1034  Muhlenburg  St.,  Reading,  Pa. 

Eberle,   Christian,    

Private,    .. 

C, 

1703  Rittenhouse  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

Eger,   Frederick  

Private,    .. 

F. 

2S60   N.    llth    St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Gerstley,    Gottlieb,     

Sergt  

0, 

522  E.  King  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Ginader,    George  

Corp  

D, 

2211  N.  3d  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 

•Grossman,    Leopold,    

Private,    .. 

D, 

2554  Hope  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 

•Heck,    Ludwlg  

Sergt  

I, 

2731    Ash    St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

•Herlng,   Henry  

1st  Sergt., 

C, 

1333  Somerset  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Hlldebrand.   Wm  

Sgt.    Maj., 

Pottstown,    Montgomery   Co.,    Pa. 

Hoffman,    Franz  

Private,    .. 

I, 

243   George   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Liebhardt     Charles     

Private     .  . 

D, 

718   Brooke  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Ludwig,   William  

Private,    .. 

i, 

Schwenksville,   Montgomery  Co.,   Pa. 

Maler,   Jacob,    

Private,    .. 

D, 

Mentor   ab.    2d    St.,    Feltonville,    22d 

•ward,    Phila.,    Pa. 

•Mehring,    Charles  

Corp  

F, 

1636  S.   6th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Miller,    Francis  

Corp  

I, 

Kennett  Square,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 

Preusch,  Charles,   

Sergt  

E, 

128    Master    St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Schmidt,    John.    

Private,    .. 

A, 

133   N.    8th    St.,    Reading,    Pa. 

Steiger,    T.    Albert  

1st  Lieut., 

I, 

1128   N.    4th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Ullmann,   Jacob  

Corp  

E, 

413   W.    York   St.,    Phila.,    Pa 

Ulhnann,    John  

Private,    .. 

H, 

235   S.    9th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

van   Rossum,    Wm.,    

Q.  M  

112S  N.    4th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommissloned  Second  Lieutenant,  not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 
SEVENTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


463 


Name. 

Rank. 

Oo. 

Residence. 

•Acker,  Edward,  
Angermiller,  Henry,  
Blven,  William  
Black,  Samuel  D.,  
•Brighton,  Henry  A  

Sergt.,  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 

B. 
A, 

F. 
C, 
K, 

123  S.   Hiland  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Mercersburg,    Franklin   Co.,    Pa. 
Well's   Tannery,    Fulton   Co.,    Pa. 
Emlenton,    Venango   Co.,    Pa. 
30  E.   Lemon  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

Clark,  Morris  
Cooper,  Jeremiah  
Cooper,  Nelson  T  
Cramer,  Samuel  
•Crooks,  John  M.,  
DeHarppart,  Harrison  
•Devor,  Richard  
Dixon,  William  
Duganne,  Peter  S  

Private,    .  . 
Prin.  Mu., 
Corp  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Musician, 

B, 

D, 
C, 
A. 
B, 
D, 

c, 

B, 

Johnstown,    Cambria  Co.,    Pa. 
1723  Green   St.,    Harrisburg,    Pa. 
Columbia,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
1307  25th   St.,    Altoona,    Pa. 
McFann,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Lash,   Westmoreland  Co.,    Pa. 
Carlisle,   Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 
Philipsburg,    Centre   Co.,    Pa. 
Hoboken,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa. 

Eckels,  Asa,  
Evans,  Joseph  T.,  
•Erisman,  Henry  M.,  
Glllmen,  John  F.  
Gllllland,  David  R.  P.,  
Green,  David,  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 

E, 
B, 
K, 

C, 
C, 

F, 

Clark's  Mills,   Mercer  Co.,   Pa. 
Forbes    St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
316  S.    Prince   St..    Lancaster,    Pa. 
Tyrone,    Blair  Co.,   Pa. 
Roaring  Springs,   Blair  Co.,    Pa. 
Enid,    Fulton  Co.,   Pa. 

Greenawalt,  Henry  B 

Private,    .  . 

C, 

Mt.  Joy,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

Hahne,  John  H  
Hamilton,  Joseph  B  
•Hartman,  George  W.  ,  
Herr,  Mahlon  P  
Holden,  John  S  
Hollowell,  John  H  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Corp  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 

B, 
C, 
B, 
K, 
D, 
D 

Mt.  Oliver,  Allegheny  Co.,  Pa. 
Houtzdale,   Clearfield  Co.,   Pa. 
New  Castle,  Lawrence  Co.,  Pa. 
2036  N.  2d  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
New  Castle,  Lawrence  Co.,  Pa. 
Mt.  Joy,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

Holt,    James  
•Horton,  Milton  M  
Houck,  McKenzie  
Houghtelin,   Wm.   D  

Private,    .. 
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  

C, 
F, 
F, 
B, 

Huntingdon,    Pa. 
Enid,    Fulton  Co.,    Pa. 
New  Grenada,  Fulton  Co.,  Pa. 
Oakmont,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 

•Hutchinson,  William 

Private,    .  . 

B, 

New  Stanton,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 

Isenberger,  Jacob  
Itinger,  Samuel  H  
Johnston,  James  W 

Corp  
Private,    .. 
1st  Lieut 

K, 
C, 
F 

255  N.  Queen  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 
Altoona,  Pa. 
Websters  Mills,   Fulton  Co.,   Pa. 

Keebaugh,  John  
Kautz,  James  
Kraus,  John  G.  
Krebs,  .Henry  P.  ,  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 

F, 
K, 
B, 

c, 

Burnt  Cabins,   Fulton  Co.,   Pa. 
35  E.  Grant  St.,  Lancaster  Pa. 
Mt.    Oliver,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa. 
220   Shady  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

Kreps.  John  W  
•Lentz,  Samuel  C  

Capt.,  
Private 

B, 
K, 

80  Fayette   St.,    Allegheny  City,    Pa. 
133  Nevin  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Lewis,  Edward  T  
Linhart,  Henry  
•Long,  Henry  H  
Lortz,  John,  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 
Corp  
Private 

K, 
K, 

c, 

A 

802    E.    Main    St.,    Tork,    Pa, 
Turtle  Creek,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
Mt.   Joy,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
Chambersburg,   Franklin  Co.,   Pa. 

Martin,  James  R  

1st  Sergt., 

B, 

Slippery  Rock    Butler  Co.,  Pa. 

Marshbanta,  Alexander,  
•McGavitt,  Thomas  R  
McLaughlin  ,  Robert  J  
•McNulty,  Daniel  

Private,    .  . 
1st  Sergt., 
Private,    .  . 
1st  Sergt. 

K, 
B, 
D, 

c, 

617  Walnut   St.,    Harrisburg,    Pa. 
Perryopolis,    Fayette   Co.,    Pa. 
Mechanicsburg,   Cumberland  Co.,  Pa, 
313  Carver  St.    Pittsburgh    E.  E     Pa 

•McNulty,  Patrick  
Michael,  David  
Obreiter,  John,  
Oliver,  Albert  
•Parker,  Samuel.  . 

Corp.  ,  
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Corp  
Private,    . 

C, 
Q, 

K, 

E, 
E, 

Sharpsburg,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
South  Gibson,   Susquehanna  Co.,   Pa. 
Marietta  Ave.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 
New  Brighton,   Beaver  Co.,  Pa. 
Ellwood  City,  Lawrence  Co.,  Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


464  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

SEVENTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

1st  Lieut., 

K, 

351  "\V.  James  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

1st  Sergt, 

K, 

B.    Chestnut   St.     Lancaster     Pa. 

Prentice,   William  J  

Private,    .. 

K! 

1009  Liberty  St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

•Purvlnes,    John,    

Private,    .. 

A, 

Waynesboro,    Franklin  Co.,    Pa. 

Ramsey,  Samuel  S  

Sergt  

F, 

Tyrone,  Blair  Co.,  Pa, 

Robinson,   Wm.   A  

B.  B.  Gen., 

246  4th  Ave.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

•Roseberry,  Jackson  

Private,    .. 

c, 

3213  Walnut  Ave.,    Altoona,    Pa. 

•Row,    Jeremiah  

Corp  

A, 

Rouzerville,   Franklin  Co.,   Pa. 

•Seibert,    Luther  

Private,    .  . 

F, 

Mercersburg,    Franklin    Co.,    Pa. 

•Sellhamer,  Jacob  

Private,    .. 

D, 

Roxbury,  Franklin  Co.,  Pa. 

Shultz,    Henry,    

Private,    .. 

K, 

24  Montour  Way,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

Sill,    George  F.,    

Corp  

B, 

Beltzhoover,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa, 

•Sites,    Jacob,    

Sergt.,  

A, 

Rouzerville,    Franklin    Co.,    Pa. 

Skinner,  George  W.,   

Capt  

A, 

Big  Cove  Tannery,  Fulton  Co.,  Pa, 

•Smith,  James  C.  ,    

Private,    .. 

C, 

Coalport,    Clearfleld  Co.,    Pa. 

Snow,  William  J.,    

Private,    .. 

F, 

Wells  Tannery,   Fulton  Co.,   Pa. 

Private,    .. 

c, 

Petersburg,    Huntingdon   Co.,    Pa. 

•Stewart,    Alexander,     

Private,    .. 

2008  6th  Ave.,    Beaver  Falls,    Beaver 

Co.,   Pa. 

Stoner    David  E.  ,    

Sergt  

A, 

Fayetteville,    Franklin   Co.,    Pa. 

Sturgis,    Nathan  

Sergt.,  

K, 

Lititz,   Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

•Taylor,  Geo.  K  

Private,    .. 

K, 

634  Girard  Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Vote      Louis,     

Private,    .. 

B, 

9  Overtill   St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa, 

•Wagner,  Jesse  W  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Liverpool,    Perry  Co.,    Pa. 

Wlllett,    Wm.   H  

Corp  

F, 

Patterson,  Juniata  Co.,  Pa. 

•Wilson,  Samuel  H  

1st  Sergt., 

c. 

Alexandria,    Huntingdon  Co.,    Pa. 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT    INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Adams,  George  

Corp  

A, 

J£ 

Indiana,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 

Ake,  David  S.  
•Alcorn,    Jesae  
Allen,   Archibald  
•Allen,   Gideon  R  
Allen.    Robert  M  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Corp.  ,  
Private,    .. 
Corp.  ,  
1st  Lieut., 

D, 
B, 
B, 
H, 
B, 
E 

Hillsdale,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
Brookvllle,    Jefferson   Co.,    Pa. 
Phoenix,    Armstrong    Co.,    Pa. 
Euclid,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Phoenix,   Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

•Armstrong,    Charles  
Ashbaugh,    Hezekiah  V  
•Ayres,    Hugh   A  
•Ballentine,    Theodore  J.,    — 

Barnett,   Daniel  H  
Barnett,  William  C  
•Barrackman,   E.  S  

Private,    .. 
Sergt  
Capt  
Private,    .. 

Corp  
Sergt  
Private,    .  . 

E, 
I, 
H, 
A. 

B, 
K, 

B, 

Magic,     Butler    Co.,    Pa. 
Leechburg,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 
Butler,   Butler  Co.,    Pa. 
145  Mayflower  St.,   E.   E.   Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 
Olanta,    Clearfleld    Co.,    Pa. 
Kittanning,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Butler,  Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonle 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  465 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT    INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

*Bayne,  John,  
Beck,  Adam,  

Private,  .. 
Corp  

B, 
D, 

Kittanning,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
•Gylvis,    Clearfleld   Co.,    Pa. 

Bell,  William  
Beltz,  Andrew  J  
Bengough,  Herbert  H  
Blair,  John  W.  P  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Corp  
Corp  

B, 
A, 
K, 
G, 

Templeton,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 
Plumville,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 
1728  Forbes  St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Mariasville,  Venango  Co.,   Pa. 

Blakeley,  Archibald  
Blue,  David  
Boney,  George  H  
Boney,  William  W.,  
Borland,  Samuel  
Borland  Samuel  

Lt.  Col.,  .. 
Sergt  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private,  .  . 

A, 
K, 
K, 
F, 
G, 

Bakewell  Law  Bldg.  ,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Chambersville,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 
Ebensburg,    Cambria  Co.,    Pa. 
Slate  Lick,  Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 
Butler,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 
Dayton,  Armstrong  Co.     Pa. 

Borland,  Robert  C  
Bowser,  William  J  
*Bowser,  Washington  R  
Boyd,  William  
Braughler,  Adam  C.  ,  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Corp  
2d  Lieut.,.. 

H, 
G, 
G, 
H, 
D, 

Renfrew,    Butler   Co.,    Pa. 
Irwin,  Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 
Kittanning,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Butler,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Indiana,    Indiana  Co      Pa. 

Brown,  Joseph  
•Brumbaugh,  Frederick  
*Bryson,  Daniel  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 

H, 
A, 
I, 

Brownsdale,   Butler  Co.,  Pa. 
Eddyville,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Sharon,    Mercer  Co.     Pa. 

Buchanan,  James  

Private,  .  . 

A, 

Tanoma,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

Burnhimer,  Aaron  

Private,  .  . 

D, 

Tanoma,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

*Callender,  James  

Private,  .. 

K, 

Saline  Ave.  ,    Pittsburgh     Pa. 

Callender,  Robert,  
Campbell,  John  O  
Campbell,  R.  D.,  

Musician,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

K, 
A, 
H, 

Homestead,   Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
Shelocta,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 
Mount  Chestnut,    Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

Christley  Neyman 

Private,  .  . 

H, 

Slippery  Rock,  Butler  Co.,  Pa. 

•Christley,  William  

Private,  .. 

H, 

Euclid,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

•Clawson,  Albert  H.,  
Claypool,.  Henry,  
Clements,  Jesse  A.,  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

F, 
K, 
I, 

Freeport,    Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Worthington,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Merwin,   Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 

*Cline,  Rudolphus  M  

Private,  .  . 

I, 

Leechburg,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

*Clowes,  David  

Private,  .. 

A, 

Willet,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

*Cobbett,  William  
Cochran,  David  S.  
Conley,  George  W  
Cooper,  Stephen  

Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private,  .. 
Private  ,  .  . 

E, 
G, 
F, 
H, 

Rimersburg,    Clarion   Co.,    Pa. 
Dayton,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Freeport,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Anandale,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

•Cousins,  John  A  

Private,  .  . 

H, 

Dee,    Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

•Cramer,  Martin  V  

Private,  .. 

C, 

Kittanning,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 

Crawford  ,  Joel  

1st  Sergt., 

K, 

Kittanning,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa 

•Croyle,  Samuel  H  

1st  Sergt., 

G, 

Jeannette,    Westmoreland    Co.,    Pa. 

Cummins,  L.  R  

Sergt.,  

H, 

Harrisville,    Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

•Currie,  George  F  
•Curren,  James,  
Daugherty,  Cyrus,  
Dean,  Benjamin  F  

Private,  .  . 
Corp  
Corp.  
P'l  Mus'n, 

A, 
B, 
D, 

Dayton,   Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 
Kittanning,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 
Purchase   Line,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
New  Castle,   Lawrence  Co.     Pa. 

•Denny,  James  W.,  
Dinger,  John  
Dinsmore,  Robert  W  .-.. 

Private,  .. 
Sergt  
1st  Lieut., 

F, 
A, 
K", 

Tarentum,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
Oak  Ridge  Sta.,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Punxsutawney,    Jefferson  Co.,    Pa. 

Dumm,  Samuel  M  
Ekas,  Adam  
Elwood,  R.  D  
Elliot,  William  
Erb,  Uriah  F.,  

•Flanigan,  John  

1st  Sergt., 
Corp  
Capt  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 

Sergt.,. 

B, 
F, 
I, 
I, 
I, 

F, 

Parnassus,    Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 
Ekastown,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Verona,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
South  Canal  St.,  Allegheny  City,  Pa. 
Milligantown,      Westmoreland      Co., 
Pa. 
Ingram,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


466  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT    INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

1st  Lieut., 

A, 

Kittannlng,  Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

•Fleming,    Samuel,    

Sergt  

A, 

Chambersville,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Fleming,    Thomas  M  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Shelocta,   Indiana  Co.,  Pa. 

•Forcht,    Henry  

Private,    .. 

H, 

Butler,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

•Fox,    John   L  

Private,    .. 

E, 

Pollock,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Frantz,  Jacob  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

Georgeville,    Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Frazier,   William  H  

Private,    .  . 

c., 

New  Bethlehem,   Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

Fuller,   Frederick  

Private,    .  . 

D, 

Burnslde,   Clearfleld  Co.,  Pa. 

•Gamble,    Robert,    

Private,    .  . 

B, 

Bagdad,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 

Musician,  .. 

B, 

400  Center  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Private,    .. 

K, 

Kittanning,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

George,    Reuben,    

Private,    .. 

E, 

East  Brady,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

George,    Samuel  

Private,    .  . 

I, 

Apollo,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

•Gibson,   Albert  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Logansport,    Armstrong    Co.,    Pa. 

Gibson,   J.   Thompson  

Sergt  

A, 

307  S.   Negley  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

Gibson,    William    K  

Private,    .. 

A. 

New  Bethlehem,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

•Gillam,    Enoch  

Private,    .. 

K, 

McVlll,    Armstrong    Co.,    Pa. 

Gillespie,    Charles   B  

Capt  

F. 

Freeport,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Gllmore,   J.  A  

1st  Sergt., 

H, 

Mercer,    Mercer  Co.,    Pa. 

Girt,    Joseph  

Private,    .. 

F, 

Sturgeon,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa. 

Glenn,   Abraham  R  

Private,    .. 

B, 

Smicksburg,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

•Golden,   J.   Dennis,    

Musician,  .. 

B, 

4212  Calvin  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

•Goodman,     David,     

Sergt  

B, 

New  Bethlehem,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Graham,   Thomas  M  

Sergt.,  

E, 

West   Freedom,    Clarion   Co.,    Pa. 

Hamm,  George  D.,   

Sergt.,  

c, 

Frogtown,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

Harman,    Philip  

Private,    .  . 

A, 

Dayton,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 

Hawk,   James  M  

Musician,  .. 

G, 

Petrolia,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

Hawk,    Aaron  

Corp  

I, 

Leechburg,   Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 

•Hay,   Albert  B  

Sergt  

H, 

424    Fifth    St.,     Pittsburgh,     Pa. 

•Hendricks,  Elias  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

Pierce,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

Henry,    Oliver  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Dayton,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Hill,    Lewis  T  

Corp  

B, 

Kittanning,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 

•Himes,   Joseph  C.  ,    

Corp.  ,  

B, 

New  Bethlehem,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

Hlnchberger,  Christian,  

Private,    .. 

H, 

Butler,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

Hoerr,    John  

Private,    .. 

H, 

3623  Charlotte  St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

Holben     Jacob                        . 

Private, 

B, 

Oak  Ridge  Sta.,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Holllster,    Leonard   A  

Musician,  .. 

D, 

Indiana,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 

•Hooks,  Hugh  A  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Adrian,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Hopkins,   John  A  

Private.    .. 

G, 

Reynoldsville,    Jefferson  Co.,    Pa. 

•Hosack,   William  S  

Private,    .  . 

G, 

100  Taylor  Ave.,   Allegheny  City,  Pa. 

Hudson,   John  

Private,    .  . 

D, 

Uhl,    Cambria  Co.,    Pa. 

Huey,    Daniel  

Corp  

F, 

Sarversville,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

•Huff,  William  H  

Sergt  

F, 

McKees  Rocks,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 

Hughes,   William     

3f 

Ford  City,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

•Hummel,    Jeremiah  

Corp  

E,' 

Moniteau,    Butler   Co.,    Pa. 

Hunter    William  M  

Private, 

E, 

Corydon    \Varren  Co.     Pa. 

Karns,  Alexander  

Private,    .. 

E! 

West  Freedom,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

•Keller,    John   H  

Private,    .  . 

c, 

Dee,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 

Private,     .. 

c. 

Ridgway,    Elk  Co.,    Pa. 

King,    Edward  

Sergt  

D. 

Grant,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

KIrkpatrick,    Robt.    B  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Dayton,  Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 

Laney,   John  

Private,    .. 

D, 

Homer  City,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Langdon,    David  

Private,    .. 

D. 

Grant,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 

•Lee,  Samuel  N  

1st  Lieut., 

B, 

Kittanning,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

Lewis,    Even  

2d  Lieut.,  .. 

'  A, 

Smicksburg,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

•Lewis,   John  

Private,    .  . 

A, 

Smicksburg,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  467 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Lewis,  Joshua  P  
Lewis,  Joshua,  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

A, 
A. 

Venus,    Venango   Co.,    Pa. 
Chambersville,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 

Lewis,  Samuel,  

Private,  .  . 

A, 

Rochester  Mills,   Indiana  Co.     Pa. 

•Long,  James  C  

Private,  .  . 

H, 

115  N.   2d  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

*Lowry  Joseph  M  

Com.  Sgt., 

34   Fayette   St.,    Allegheny     Pa 

Lukecart,  John  
Lusher,  John  
*Lute,  Christopher  H.,  

•Lytle,  David  S  

Corp  
Corp.  ,  
Private,  .  . 

Private,  .  . 

A, 
E, 
I>, 

E, 

Denton,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 
New  Castle,   Lawrence  Co.,   Pa. 
New    Florence,     Westmoreland    Co., 
Pa. 
Seneca,  Venango  Co.,   Pa. 

Marlin,  John  M.,  
Martin,  Lewis,  •  
Marshall,  James  W  

Capt.,  
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,  .. 

A, 
G, 

Willet,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
West   Freedom,    Clarion  Co.,    Pa. 
Smicksburg,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

•Maxwell,  William  W.,  

Sergt  

B, 

Carbon  Black,  Butler  Co.,  Pa. 

McBride,  Saml.  J  

1st  Lieut., 

H, 

East  Brook,   Lawrence  Co.,   Pa., 

McBrier,  Archibald  

Corp  

A, 

Rouseville,    Venango   Co.,    Pa. 

McCandless,  Geo.  W  
McCanna,  Martin  
McCleary,  Thomas,  
*McCloskey,  James  P  

Private,  .. 
Capt.,  
Corp.  ,  
Sergt.  ,  

H, 
B, 
G, 
D, 

Bellevue,    Allegheny    Co.,    Pa. 
Knox,    Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 
Temple  ton,    Armstrong    Co.,    Pa. 
Leeper,    Clarion  Co.,    Pa. 

•McCormick,  R.  H  
McCoy,  Joseph  P.  ,  
McCracken,  George  
*McCullough,  A.  S  

Capt  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
2d  Lieut.,  .. 

D, 
H, 
F, 

c, 

Grant,    Indiana    Co.,    Pa. 
Grove  City,  Mercer  Co.,  Pa. 
Slate  Lick,   Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 
Knox,    Clarion    Co.,    Pa. 

McElwee,  Joseph  
McFadden  Hugh  .  .  ... 

Corp  
Private 

G, 
F 

Dayton,  Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 
Rattigan,   Butler  Co.     Pa 

•McGlaughlin,  John  N  
McGraw,  George  W.,  

Private,  .  . 
1st  Sergt.,. 

F, 
F, 

Rough   Run,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 
Tyrone,  Blair  Co.,  Pa. 

McLean,  James  D  
McNutt,  James,  
McPherson,  Eli  
McPherson,  James  A.,  
*Mechling,  Franklin,  , 

Private,  v  . 
Corp.  ,  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
2d  Lieut.,.. 

A, 
E, 
G, 
E, 
B, 

Atwood,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 
Chicora,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 
Butler,   Butler  Co.,    Pa. 
430  Fourth  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Kittanning,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 

Meredith  John,  

Private,  .. 

F 

Towanda,    Bradford    Co.,    Pa 

Miller,  Wm.  A  
Miller,  James  M.,  

Sergt.,  

1st  Sergt., 

A, 
A, 

Parkwood,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 
Willet,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 

•Mitchell  Francis  

Private,  .. 

F, 

Natrona,    Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 

Mohney,  Samuel  

Private,  .. 

c, 

Verona,    Allegheny  Co.     Pa. 

*Moore  Martin  

Private,  .  . 

A, 

Barnards,   Armstrong  Co.    Pa. 

Moore,  David,  
Moorehead,  James  

Private,  .. 
Corp  

H, 
B, 

Oakland,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 
Saltsburg,    Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Morgan,  Hugh  

Private,  .  . 

H, 

Butler,    Butler   Co.,    Pa. 

•Morrow,  John,  
Murphy,  Jonathan  D.  ,  

Private,  .  . 
2d  Lieut.,.. 

F, 

F, 

Kittanning,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
St.   Petersburg,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Neff,  Jacob  C.,  

Private,  .. 

D, 

Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  Co.,  Pa. 

Nelson,  Elias,  
Nolf,  David  H  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

B, 

c, 

182   High   St.,    Johnstown,    Pa. 
Eleanor,     Jefferson    Co       Pa 

Nugent,  Wllles  J  

1st  Lieut., 

D, 

Grant,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa 

•Nupp,  Cyrus  
Nupp,  Franklin  
Oswald,  Benjamin  
Palmeter,  Luman  B  
Parker,  John,  

•Patrick,  Washington  C  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Sergt  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 

Private,  .  . 

D. 
D, 

K, 

c. 

H, 
B, 

Purchase  Line,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
Spruce,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
Ford  City,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
Cochranton,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 
Parkers     Landing,     Armstrong    Co., 
Pa. 
Blanket  Hill,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


468  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT    INFANTRY— Continued. 


•  Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Private,    .. 

E, 

T*arkers     Landing       Armstrong     Co 

Pa. 

Rankln    John  F.t    

Musician,  .  . 

A, 

Willet,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

K, 

392  Beaver  Ave.  ,   Allegheny    Pa. 

Reed,    Johnston  

Private,    .. 

P. 

Ingleside,   Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 

Reese,    George  J  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 

Hortons,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Reiber,    John  J.,    

Private,    .. 

H, 

Butler.    Butler   Co.,    Pa. 

•Reisinger,   George  W  

Private,    .  . 

I, 

Duquesne,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 

Renkin,    Austin  

Private,    .  . 

D, 

Hlllsdale,  Indiana  Co.,  Pa. 

Richey,   Abraham  B  

Private,    .. 

H, 

Butler,   Butler  Co.,  Pa. 

•Robinson,  Samuel  B  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

Monongahela,    Washington    Co.,    Pa. 

Rodgers,   Hugh  H  

Private,    .  . 

I, 

McKees  Rocks,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 

Private,    .. 

H. 

194  Steuben  St.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

•Ross,   John  K  

Private,    .  . 

P. 

Tarentum,  Allegheny  Co.,  Pa, 

•Ross,   John  W  

1st  Sergt., 

D, 

Brush  Valley,  Indiana  Co.,  Pa. 

Roudybush,    Michael  

Private,    .. 

0, 

McKees  Gap,  Blair  Co.,  Pa. 

Rumberger,   Peter  J  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

2020    Derry    St.,    Harrisburg,    Pa. 

Say,   Thomas  

Private,    .  . 

E. 

Nlckleville,   Venango  Co.,   Pa. 

•Schaffner,  George  

Corp  

H, 

Butler,   Butler  Co.,  Pa. 

Schrecenghost,  Christopher,   .. 

Private,    .. 

A, 

Clarksburg,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

Schrecenghost,   Wilson  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Rural  Valley,  Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 

Scott,    R.    P  

Private,    .. 

H, 

Butler,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

Shaner,    Samuel  R  

Private,    .. 

E, 

Salem,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

•Shelter,   Samuel,   Jr  

Private,    .. 

F, 

Bellefonte,    Centre  Co.,    Pa. 

Sheffer,  William  H  

Corp.,  

F, 

76  Erie  St.,    Allegheny.    Pa. 

Sherman,    John  |. 

Private,    .  . 

C, 

Strattonville,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Shields,  Cornelius  

Private,    .. 

I, 

Worthlngton,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Shields,    Robert  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Boggsville,   Armstrong  Co.,  Pa, 

•Shlndledecker,    Adam  

Private,    .  . 

o, 

Hawthorn,  Clarion  Co.,  Pa. 

•Shirley,  John  T  

Musician,.. 

H, 

Freeport,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

•Shomo,   Joseph  E  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

Manorvllle,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Shull,   John  W  

Private,    .. 

H, 

Harrlsville,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

Private,    .. 

C. 

Grove  City,   Mercer  Co.,    Pa. 

•Silvls,  Amos  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Fairmount  City,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Private,    .. 

C. 

New  Bethlehem,  Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

•Simkins,    Albert   P  

Sergt  

K, 

Corsica,   Jefferson  Co.,  Pa. 

•Simpson,   Charles  C  

Private,    .  . 

A, 

Hortons,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Slagle,    Daniel  

Private,    .. 

B, 

Apollo,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Slusser,    James   M  

Corp  

F, 

Freeport,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

•Smith,  Charles  F  

Sergt  

H, 

Sarversville,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

Smith,  George  D  

Corp  

A, 

Eddyville,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 

Smith,   George  W  

Private,    .  . 

H, 

Punxsutawney,  Jefferson  Co.,  Pa. 

Smith,    Samuel  

Private,    .. 

B, 

Eddyville,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

Smith,    William  A  

Private,    .  . 

H, 

Grove  City,    Mercer   Co.,    Pa. 

Sowers,    John   N  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Blanco,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

Sowers,   Samuel  H.,    

Private,    .  . 

G, 

Greendale,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

•Sowers,    William  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Atwood,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 

Staufter,    John  

Corp.  ,  

A, 

Llndsey,    Jefferson    Co.,    Pa, 

Steele,   Samuel  R  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Slate  Lick,  Armstrong  Co.,  Pa. 

•Stepp,   Levl  ;. 

Sergt  

B, 

Worthington,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

Stevens,   John  C  

Private,    .  . 

D, 

New  Florence,  Indiana  Co.,  Pa. 

Stewart,  John  R.,   

Corp  

A. 

Plumville,    Indiana    Co.,    Pa. 

Private,    .  . 

A, 

Toby,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Stiffler     William      

Private,    .  . 

D. 

Grant,    Indiana   Co.,    Pa. 

Stowers,    Simon,    

Private,    .  . 

C. 

Oakmont,   Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  46!* 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Oo. 

Residence. 

•Summerville,  Samuel  M  

Private,  .. 

1C 

Merwin,    Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 

•Swartzlander,    Wm  
*Templeton,   Silas  F.,    

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 

K, 
D, 

440  Diamond  St.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Deckers  Point,   Indiana  Co.,   Pa. 

Thomas,   William  H.,    

Sergt  

c, 

Blairs  Corners,   Clarion  Co.,   Pa. 

Thompson,    Andrew  J.,    
•Thompson,    Davis  K.,    

Sergt  
Sergt.,  

G, 
B, 

Phoenix,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 
Big  Run,   Jefferson  Co.,   Pa. 

Troutner,    George  W  

Private,  .. 

G, 

East   Brady,    Clarion   Co.,    Pa. 

Turner,    John  H.,    
Turner,  John  M  
Turney,    Peter,    

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

E, 
E, 
A, 

Foxburg,    Clarion    Co.,    Pa. 
Butler,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 
Rural  Valley    Armstrong  Co     Pa 

Uncapher,    Joseph  
Updegraff,   James,    

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

A, 
I, 

Indiana,    Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 
Irwin,  Westmoreland  Co.     Pa 

Wade,  John,    
Wallace,    Abraham,    

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

K, 
A, 

Kites,  Allegheny  Co.,   Pa. 
Homer  City,   Indiana  Co     Pa 

Wheatcroft,   George  T.,    
Wickenhacker,   Gus  
•Williams,    Jonathan  W.,    .... 

Private,  .  . 
PI.  Musn., 
Private,  .. 

B, 

E, 

Phoenix,    Armstrong  Co.,    Pa. 
Butler,    Butler  Co.  ,    Pa. 
Blairs   Corners,    Clarion   Co      Pa 

Wilson,  James  S  
Wise,   William  H  
Woolweaver,    John    A  

Private,  .. 
Corp.,  
Private,  .. 

H, 

£ 

Slippery   Rock,    Butler   Co.,    Pa. 
Butler  St.,  E.  E.  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Indiana,   Indiana  Co.,    Pa. 

SEVENTY-NINTH   REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Adams,    Joseph    H.,    
Appley,    Henry  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 

K, 

A, 

27  N.   Prince  St.,    Lancaster,   Pa. 
Columbia,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

•Arndt,   Francis  H  

Private,    .. 

E, 

349  West  King  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

Aston,   Christian,    

Corp.,  

H, 

Smithville,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

Bair,   Amos  

Sergt  

C, 

B:rd-in-Hand,  Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Bair,    David  M  

Corp  

I, 

Terre  Hill,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Barry,     Michael  

1st  Sergt. 

D, 

9C91      ATfl  rv     Qf          -Pitt  clin  rcrVi        T>n 

Beazell,    Luke  P  

2d  Lieut.,.. 

D, 

£iO£ti   jaiai  y    01,  ,    jriLLHOur  gn,    srci, 

California,  Washington  Co.,   Pa. 

Beck,    John  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Lititz,    Lancaster    Co.,    Pa. 

•Beichler,  Jacob  H.,   

Sergt  

A, 

404  South  Line  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Benedict,    Addison,     

Private,    .  . 

G, 

Lapps,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

•Bergstresser,    Alexander  W., 

Private,    .  . 

c, 

12  S.  Market  Square,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

•Bissinger,  -Philip,   

Capt  

F, 

1500  Mineral   Spring  Road,    Reading, 

Pa. 

*Blickenderfer,    William  

Sergt  

B, 

316  N.   Queen  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

Boas,   Peter  

Private,    .. 

B, 

409  N.  Concord  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

•Bones,    Benjamin  F  

Private,    .  . 

E, 

M-illersville     Lancaster  Co.     Pa 

Boring,    Edwin    McC  

l&t  Lieut., 

E, 

933   Fairmount   Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

•Boyle,   Lawrence  

Corp  

K, 

31  W.   German   St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

Brown,    Benjamin   F.,    

1st    Sergt., 

I, 

Strasburg,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

Brown,  Franklin  C  

Private,    . 

G. 

Orwiesburs:.    Schuvlkill    Co.      Pa. 

•Net  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


470  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

SEVENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Bruederly,    George   P  

Musician,  .. 

B, 

321  S.   Prince  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

Butler     William    B       

Private,    .. 

D, 

Webster,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 

•Byers,    Jacob  J  

Sergt  

E. 

Buck,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Carter,    John    H.,    

Private,    .  . 

E, 

Liberty  Square,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

Chambers,    John  

Private,    .. 

B, 

515  Church  St.,    Lancaster,   Pa. 

Clalr,    Stephen  S  

2d  Lieut.,  .. 

E 

Columbia,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 

Clark.    William   T  

Sergt  

B! 

Hensel,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

Clemmens,    Daniel  

Private,    .. 

A, 

N.  Prince  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Clemmens,   Daniel  A.,    

Musician,  .. 

A. 

12  S.  Water  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Cooper,    Wm.    Sparks  

Private,    .. 

D, 

Belle  Vernon,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa. 

Cramer,    Daniel  

Corp  

K, 

Bethesda,   Lancaster  Co..    Pa. 

Crawford,   John  

Private,    .. 

C. 

Valencia.    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

Culbertson,  Lafayette  

Private,    .. 

D. 

Venetia,    Washington  Co.,    Pa. 

Danner,  George  L  

Corp.,  

B. 

10  N.  Plum  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

Davlson,    Jacob  

Private,    .. 

K. 

Intercourse.    Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Corp.,  

I, 

102   First   St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 

Delp,    Francis  M  

Private.    .. 

E. 

721  Union  St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 

Delp,    George  M  

Private,    .. 

E, 

Neffsville,  Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Dennis,    Adam  

Private,    .. 

o, 

Manns  Choice,   Bedford  Co.,   Pa. 

Dunlap,  Samuel  A  

Corp  

A, 

Binkley,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

•Eagle,  William  P  

Corp  

C, 

4327  Westminster  Ave.,    Phila.,   Pa. 

Eberly    John     

Private,    .. 

H, 

1319  Reed  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

Eberly,    John   W  

Private,    .. 

E, 

Mlllersville,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

•Eckels,  Amzl  

Musician,.. 

D, 

Monongahela,  Washington  Co.,  Pa. 

Edgerley,    Edward  

Capt  

K, 

525  E.    King  St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 

Eichholtz,    Andrew,    

Private,    .. 

I, 

239  W.  Vine  St..   Lancaster,   Pa. 

Elcker,   John     

1st  Lieut., 

F, 

New    Cumberland,    Cumberland    Co., 

Pa. 

•Elliott.    Finley  

Sergt  

I, 

525  Church  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

Elmer,  Martin  V  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Marshallton,    Chester  Co.,    Pa. 

Engle,    Frederick  

Sergt  

K, 

142  S.  Queen  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

•Engroff,    John  

Private,    .  . 

F, 

444  W.  Lemon  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Erb,    Peter  

1st  Sergt., 

G, 

Fishervllle,    Dauphin   Co..    Pa. 

Esbenshade,   Benjamin,    

Private,    .. 

E, 

306  S.  Prince  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Faust,    Edwin  H  

Private,    .. 

A, 

925  Church   St.,    Lebanon,    Pa. 

Finefrock,  William,   

Private,    .. 

B, 

250  E.  Lemon  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

Fisher,    Jacob  

Corp  

F. 

Unicorn,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 

•Flick,    Andrew   J  

Private,    .  . 

B, 

409  N.  Concord  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

Flick.    Frederick  

Sergt  

G, 

N.   Mary   St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 

•Forrest,  Joseph  H  

Sergt  

H, 

440  Chester  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Fridy.   J.   Halls  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 

Mountville,     Lancaster    Co.,     Pa. 

Gallaway,    Christopher   E.,    .. 

Sergt  

B. 

Yohoghany,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 

Gemperllng,   Henry  C.  ,    

Corp  

A, 

450  E.  Orange  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Gibson,   Geo.  W  

Private,    .. 

D. 

Monongahela,    Washington    Co.,    Pa. 

Gillespie.   Israel  

Private,    . 

C, 

Smyrna.    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

Godshalk.    Abraham  

Capt  

H. 

Mohns  Store,   Berks  Co.,   Pa. 

•Gompf,  Jacob  D.  ,   

Capt  

K, 

807  Columbia  Ave.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

Goodman,   George  W  

Private,    .. 

K, 

1214   Sixth  Ave.,    Altoona,    Pa. 

Greer,    Adam  

Private,    .. 

H, 

Columbia,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

Grelder,   John  H  

Private.    . 

E. 

Rohrerstown,    Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Gruel,    Samuel  

Private,    . 

A, 

332%  8.  Queen  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Habecker,    David   K  

Private,    . 

G, 

Brunnerville,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

Habecker,  John  K  

Corp  

G, 

Clay,  Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Hambleton,   Thomas  B  

Corp  

E. 

Fernglen,    Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Hambrlcht.    Emanuel.    . 

Private.    . 

A. 

P.   O.   Box  421,   Lancaster,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  471 

SEVENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 


Rank. 


Co. 


Residence. 


Hartman,   Samuel  L. ,    

Hershey,  Henry 

Herzog,    Frank,    

•Hougendobler,    Wm.    H., 
•Huffnagle,   Andrew  3.,    .. 

*  Jester,    Samuel 

•Kautz,   John 

Keller,   John  W 

Keller,    Peter  S 

•Kennedy.    Frederick   H., 

Keplinger,   David  B.,    

Killian,    Andrew 

•Kurtz,    Henry 

•Landis,    Jacob   D.,    

•Lafferty,    Nathaniel 

Leibley,    George,    

Lively,   Isaac  K 

•Lytle,    Scott  P 

Marks,   George  W 

Marks,   John  N. ,    

Marshall,  James  H 

•Martin,  Abraham 

•Mayer,    Christian  H 

•McCaffrey,    Edward,    

•McLaughlin,    George,    ... 

McLenegen,    Samuel 

Meringer,    John 

Merringer,    Nicholas 

Metzger,  Amos 

Metzger,  John  E 

Metzger,    Philip 

Miller,  Jacob  S 

Miller,  George  H 

Moore,    Benjamin 

Moore,    James 

Morton,   John  B.,    

Musketnuss,   Joseph,    

Myers,    Philip 

Nimlow,   James  A.,    

•Oberlin,   Jacob  H 

Overdeer,    Horace  J. ,    

Patton,   George  W.,    , 

•Perry,    Daniel .-...., 

Pool,  William  H. 

Powell,  John  W 

Ranging,    Henry 

Reeves,    George  A.,    

Reilley,    Michael,     

•Reitzel,   Jacob  L 

Rice,    Daniel,    

Rice,   Joseph  % 

Rittenhouse,   Nathaniel, 
•Scheaffer,    Henry  G.,    .. 

Schmidt,    Charles 

Schnader,    Daniel,    


Capt.,  

Corp 

Private,  . 
Musician, . 

Corp., 

Corp 

Private,    . 

Corp 

Corp 

1st  Lieut. 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 

Corp 

Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 

Corp. , 

Sgt.  Maj. 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 
1st  Lieut., 
Private,  . 

Sergt., 

Capt 

Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 
2d  Lieut.,. 

Corp., 

Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  . 

Corp 

Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Privater  . 

Corp 

Private,  . 
Private,  . 
Private,  , 
1st  Lieut., 

Sergt 

2d  Lieut.,. 
Private,  , 
Private, 

Corp , 

Private, 
Private, 

Corp. , 

Corp 

Private, 
Sergt 


E, 
C, 
K, 
E, 
A, 
D, 
H, 
B, 
E, 
C, 
C, 
I, 
C. 
B, 
F, 
B, 
E, 

E, 
E, 
G, 
A,' 
E, 
A, 
C, 
I, 
A, 
F. 
K, 
C, 
K, 
D, 
A, 
F. 
F, 
H, 
G, 
B, 
H, 
E, 
B, 
C, 
E, 
K, 
K, 
G, 
B, 
G, 
E, 
C, 
C, 
K, 
C, 
F, 
C, 


N.   Queen  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
East  King  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
412  Lafayette  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Columbia,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
316  W.  Walnut  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
Hackett,  Washington  Co.,  Pa. 
Lancaster,   Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 
211  W.  Orange  St.,   Lancaster,  Pa. 
Mountville,   Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

254  Allegheny  Ave.,   Allegheny,  Pa. 

119  Howard  Ave.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 

255  Ross  St.,    Lancaster,    Pa- 
Christiana,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa, 
325  N.  Mary  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
Lafayette   St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 

519  W.  Walnut  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
324  W.  Chestnut  St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 
347  S.  Queen  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Corry,    Erie  Co.,    Pa. 
Corry,    Erie  Co.,    Pa. 
20  E.  Walnut  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
434  Lafayette  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 
14  W.   End   Ave.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 
York,    York  Co.,    Pa. 
Gap,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
Royalton,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 
549  Chester  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 
549  Chester  St.,   Lancaster,  Pa. 
Lycippus,   Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 
Columbia,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 
Salunga,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
(Jniontown,   Fayette  Co.,    Pa. 
Lancaster  Co.  House,  Lancaster,   Pa. 
Unicorn,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
314  S.  Water  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
Truce,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 
113   Dorwart    St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 
208  E.   Lemon  St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 
534  N.  Mary  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 
Columbia,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 

120  Nevin  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
3828   Lancaster  Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Landisville,   Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

Ccr.   65th  and  Vine  Sts.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
417  Rockland  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
434  E.  Orange  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 
14th  Ave.,   Altoona,    Pa. 
443  S.  Queen  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa. 
Landisville,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
Nickel    Mines,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa, 
Nickel    Mines,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa, 
26  E.   Lemon  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 
Terra   Hill,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
632  Columbia  Ave.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 
Intercourse,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 


•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


472  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

SEVENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Scdtten,  Elwood  P  
•Seiber.  Peter  A  
Shutt    Andrew  W  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
1st  Sergt. 

C, 
K, 
H, 

713  Eighth  Ave.,   Altoona,    Pa. 
322  N.   Queen  St.,   Lancaster,   Pa, 

Singleton,    George   W  
Slaymaker,   J.   Howard  
Sloan,    William  A  
Smeltz,  Benjamin  F  
Sowers,    Conrad  
Spickler,    Hiram,    
Stewart,   William  B  
Stroh,    John   H  
Suter     John  F  

Sergt  
Corp.,  
Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private,  .. 
Corp  
Corp  
Private,  .  . 
1st  Sergt., 

C. 

C. 

c. 

B, 

A. 

o, 

C, 
C, 
K, 

S90S  Powelton   Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Collamer,   Chester  Co.,   Pa. 
Mars,    Butler   Co.,    Pa. 
431   High   St.,    Lancaster,    Pa. 
525  Locust  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Mount  Joy,  Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 
West  Chester,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 
1501  Thirteenth  Ave.,    Altoona,    Pa. 
231  W.  Walnut  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Vondersmith,  H.  B  
Wall     John           

Sergt  
Private,  .. 

K, 
F, 

437  E.  Orange  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
325  S.  Queen  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

•Walter,   Rudolph  
Weldle    William     

Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 

I, 

I, 

220    W.    Strawberry    St.,    Lancaster, 
Pa. 
538  E.  Orange  St.,  Lancaster,   Pa. 

Wisner,  Slgmund  E.,   
Wolfe,   Joseph  W  
•Yackley    John  

Capt  
Corp  
Musician,  .. 

F, 
D, 

A, 

Marietta,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 
Monongahela,    Washington    Co.,    Pa. 
1011  Daly  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Yohe,    John  M  

Private,  .. 

D, 

541  Park  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  ELEVENTH   REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

•  tAlexander,  William  J  
Babcock,     Benjamin  

Capt  
Private,    .. 

D, 
A, 

Warren,   Warren   Co.,    Pa. 
Riceville,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 

Baker,   James  

Musician,  .. 

A, 

Riceville,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 

Bell,    Samuel   T  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Sheakleyville,   Mercer  Co.,   Pa. 

Bennett,   John,    

Private,    .. 

F,  ' 

Wattsburg,   Erie  Co.,   Pa. 

Brace,   William  

Private,    .  . 

A, 

Kast  Greene,   Erie  Co.,   Pa. 

Brush,   Robert  M,  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Geneva,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 

Burk,  Howard  

Private,    .  . 

F., 

Oreland,    Montgomery   Co.,    Pa. 

Carr,    Thomas  

Private,    .. 

F., 

Bascobel,   Erie  Co.,   Pa. 

Chandler    Orvl  lie  W  

Private,    .  . 

D, 

Youngsville     W^arren   Co.     Pa. 

Chappel,   George  W  

Sergt  

B. 

Grand  Valley,  Warren  Co.,   Pa. 

Chase,    Eugene  

Corp  

D, 

Chandlers  Valley.  Warren  Co.,   Pa. 

Clark,  Edwin  

Sergt  

I, 

Kremis,    Mercer  Co.,    Pa. 

Coon,  William  H  

Private,    .  . 

E, 

Hayfield,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 

•Davids,  Andrew  J.  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Hatch  Hollow,    Erie  Co.,   Pa. 

Davids,    James  

Private,    .. 

A, 

Corry,    Erie    Co.,    Pa. 

•Dickson,   Alexander  T  

Sergt  

F, 

North  East,    Erie  Co.,    Pa. 

Dodge,  James  H  

Sergt.  

E, 

HarniipiisOmrtf.   Crrnvfnnl  CM.,    l';i. 

Donaldson,    James  

Private,    .. 

D, 

Barnes,    Warren   Co.,    Pa. 

Dumond,    William   H  

Sergt  

F, 

Lowville,   Erie  Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 

•(•Commissioned  Major  and  Lieutenant  Colonel,  not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


473 


ONE  HUNDRED  AND  ELEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Con- 
tinued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Dyke,  Logan  J  
Eden,  John  B  
Ellis,  John  
Ferguson,  Oliver  H.  P.,  
*Ferris,  Thomas,  

Sgt.   MaJ., 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Capt.,  
Private,    .. 

E, 
G, 
C, 
A, 

Ill  E.  7th  St.,    Erie,    Pa. 
Tionesta,    Forest   Co.,    Pa. 
East   Springfield,    Erie  Co.,    Pa. 
Avenia,    Erie   Co.,    Pa. 
Corry,    Erie  Co.,    Pa. 

Ferris,  Stephen  

Private,  .  . 

A, 

Wattsburg,    Erie   Co.,    Pa 

Ferry,  Washington  

Private,  .. 

K, 

Wilsons    Mills      Crawford    Co       Pa 

Foust,  Alonzo,  

Sergt.,  

I, 

Tamarac,    Crawford   Co.     Pa. 

Gibson,  Daniel  G.,  

Sergt.,  

H, 

Linesvllle,    Crawford  Co.,    Pa. 

Goodwill,  George  A  
Gorenflo,  Jacob  
Gough,  Robert  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Sergt  

B, 
K, 

F, 

Tryonville,    Crawford  Co.,    Pa. 
West  Mill  Creek,   Crawford  Co.,    Pa. 
North    East,    Erie   Co.,    Pa. 

Gross,  John  H.,  

Private,  .. 

C, 

Corry,    Erie    Co.,    Pa. 

Haight,  John  J  

Capt.,  

B, 

Cooper  Tract,   Forest  Co.,   Pa 

•Hammond,  David  J  

Private,  .  . 

G, 

Rouseville,    Venango   Co.     Pa 

Harper,  Alfred  E  
Hasbrouck,  William  D  
Hay,  William  C  
*Heintz,  Ferdinand  

Sergt  
1st  Sergt., 
Capt  
Sergt  

A, 
H, 
G 

Box  2032,  Bradford,  McKean  Co.,  Pa. 
Vrooman,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 
545  W.   7th  St.,   Erie,   Pa. 
320  E.  18th  St.     Erie    Pa 

•Henry,  John  H  

Sergt  

H, 

7  S.  Park  St.,  Erie,  Pa 

Herrmann,  Peter  

Private,  .  . 

H, 

Erie,    Erie    Co.,    Pa 

Hickernell,  Abram  W  

Sergt.,  

H, 

Hickernell,   Crawford  Co.    Pa. 

Hopkins,  William  

Private,  .  . 

C, 

Milesgrove,    Erie  Co.     Pa 

•Howard,  Porter  J  
Hughes,  John  
Hultberg,  Andrew  

Corp.  ,  
Private,  .  . 
Private 

G, 
F, 
D 

Clermont,    McKean   Co.,    Pa. 
Bascobel,   Erie  Co.,  Pa. 
North   Clarendon     Warren   Co      Pa 

Johnson,  David  C  

Private,  .  . 

C, 

Waterford,  Erie  Co.,  Pa. 

Jones,  Marvin  E.,  

Private,  .  . 

F, 

Lowville,    Erie    Co.,    Pa. 

Jones,  Benson  
Kern,  Robert  
•Lahman,  Henry  
•Lang,  Charles  
•LitwileT,  David  

Sergt.,  
Sergt.,  
Corp  
Sergt  
Private,  .  . 

D, 
I, 
D, 
I, 
I, 

83  Pleasant  St.,  Bradford,  Pa. 
Saegerstown,    Crawford    Co.,    Pa. 
Warren,    Warren    Co.,    Pa. 
Cochranton,     Crawford    Co.,     Pa. 
Tamarac,   Crawford  Co     Pa. 

•Lowell,  Noah  W  

Luce,  George  W  
Malin,  Castor  G  

Q.  M  

Private,  .. 
1st  Sergt., 

G, 
K, 

Soldiers'    and    Sailors'    Home,    Erie, 
Pa. 
2838  Parade  St.,    Erie,   Pa, 
Ridgway,    Elk  Co  ,    Pa- 

•Mallison, Jacob  

Sergt  

K, 

st.    Marys,    Elk   Co.,    Pa. 

•Mann,  Warren  
Mapous,  William  H  
Marts,  David,  

Corp.,  
Corp  
Sergt  

D, 
E, 

F, 

Sheffield,    Warren    Co.,    Pa. 
Conneaut  Lake,   Crawford  Co.,    Pa. 
Wattsburg,    Erie   Co.,    Pa. 

McCullough  ,  Isaac  
McFarland,  Henry,  

Sergt  
Private 

I, 
C 

Jamestown,    Mercer   Co.,    Pa. 

Merket,  Luzerne  

Private 

C 

North  East    Erie  Co     Pa 

Merrick,  Austin  W  
Minium,  Lewis  

Corp  
Sergt 

B, 
G 

Corry,    Erie    Co.,    Pa. 

Moore,  Jesse,  
•Moore,  Sheldon  M  
•Moreland,  Samuel  C.,  
Morse,  Reuben,  
Parsons,  Dennis  
•Raymond,  James  R  

1st.  Lieut., 
1st  Sergt., 
Corp.,  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
1st  Sergt., 

E, 
F, 
G, 

r>, 

F, 
A, 

Cochranton,   Crawford  Co.,   Pa. 
647  E.   21st   St.,    Erie,    Pa. 
Mercer,  Mercer  Co.,  Pa. 
Warren,   Warren  Co.,  Pa. 
Corry,    Erie  Co.,    Pa. 
North  East,   Erie  Co      Pa 

Richmond,  Mathias,  

Private 

B, 

1735  Orthodox  St      Frankford    Phila 

Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


474 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


ONi;  HUNDRED  AND  ELEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY— Continued 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Ripley,  Christian  
•Rodgers,  John  L  
Scelford  Michael  

Corp  
Private,  .. 
Private 

A, 
G, 

c 

Belle  Valley,  Erie  Co.,  Pa. 
Conneautvllle,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa- 
North   East     Erie  Co      Pa 

Schafter,  Samuel  
•Schreckengost,  George  
Selkregg,  George  
Sevis,  Henry  
•Smith,  Myron  E  
Stem,  Andrew,  
Strayer,  Charles  
Strickland  D.  Hayes  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Capt  
Private,  .. 
Sergt  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 

K, 
I, 
A, 
C, 
H, 
I, 
E, 

Riegelsville,   Bucks  Co.,   Pa. 
Meadville,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa, 
North   East,    Erie   Co.,    Pa. 
Oakdale,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa. 
Guys  Mills,  Crawford  Co.,   Pa. 
Meadville,    Crawford  Co.,    Pa. 
Cochranton,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 
702  Sau  St      Erie    Pa 

Styers,  David  W  
Swlneford,  George  W  
Thompson,  William  W  
Tracy,  Henry  W  
•Turner,  William  
Tuttle,  Miletus,  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Sergt  
Private,  .. 
Corp.  ,  

I, 
B, 
F, 
F, 
H, 
B, 

Grove  City,   Mercer  Co..   Pa. 
81%  Hilton  St.,   Bradford,   Pa. 
902  Parade  St.,    Erie,   Pa. 
11  Petrolla  St.,   Bradford,   Pa. 
Parthenla,    Warren    Co.,    Pa. 
Venango,    Crawford   Co.,    Pa. 

Walp,  George  H  
•Warner,  Wallace  B  
Weldler,  Samuel  S  
Wells  John  L  

Private,  .. 
Capt  
Private,  .. 
2d  Lieut.,.. 

G, 
B, 
C, 

F, 

Geneva,   Crawford  Co.,   Pa. 
418  Walnut  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Fairview,   Erie  Co.,  Pa. 
806  State  St.,   Erie,   Pa. 

Wheeler,  Samuel  A.,  

Private,  .  . 

C, 

Francis,    Erie   Co.,    Pa. 

•Wlmer,  Smith  
Woodrlng,  Gideon  

Private,  .. 
1st  Sergt., 

c, 

I, 

Union  City,  Erie  Co.,  Pa. 
Du   Bols,   Clearfleld  Co.,    Pa. 

ONE   HUNDRED  AND   FORTY  SEVENTH   REGIMENT  INFANTRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Ackerson,    William  
Alrey,    John,     

Private,    .. 
Corp  

C, 
F, 

Mooslc,   Lackawanna  Co..  Pa. 
523  W.  Diamond  St..   Hazleton,  Pa. 

App,    Jeremiah  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Selinsgrove,    Snyrter   Co.,    Pa. 

Babcock,  Leonard  L  

Private,    .. 

F, 

S.    Church   St.,    Hazleton,    Pa. 

•Beer,  Jacob  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Kreagevllle,    Monroe    Co.,    Pa. 

Private,    .. 

F, 

25  Alter  St.,  Hazleton,  Pa. 

Bishop,    Peter  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Conyngham,    Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 

Bryan,  David  

1st  Sergt... 

C. 

Neala,    Monroe   Co.,    Pa, 

Bunting,    Lewis,     

Hos.    St.... 

Frazer,   Chester  Co.,   Pa. 

•Casner,   William  P  

Private.    .. 

D, 

2339  Sydenham  St.,  Phlla.,   Pa. 

tCraig,    John  

Lt.  Col.,   .. 

Lehigh  Gap,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 

Chester,    John,    

Private,    .  . 

F, 

Bear  Gap,    Northumberland  Co.,    Pa, 

Coburn,    Joseph  T  

Private,    .. 

F, 

433  E.  Cranberry  Ave.,  Hazleton,  Pa. 

Corbin,   Matthew  W.,    

Private,    .. 

B 

Three  Springs,   Huntingdon  Co.,    Pa. 

Devine,   John  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 



106      W.      Penn      St.,      Germantown, 

Phlla.,   Pa. 

Duaer,    John  

Sergt  

F, 

132  S.  Laurel  St.,   Hazleton,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommlssloned  colonel,  not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


475 


ONE   HUNDRED   AND   FORTY-SEVENTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY 

— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

•Eby,  Amantes  M  
Emme,  Daniel  H.  ,  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,    .. 

A. 

N.  Church  St.,   Hazleton,    Pa. 
Wymps  Gap,   Fayette  Co.,   Pa. 

Eroh  Daniel  

Private,    .. 

F, 

Alter    St.      Hazleton,    Pa. 

Eroh,  Peter  
Everard,  John  W.,  
Ewing,  Malin,  

Private,    .  . 
Sergt.,  
2d  Lieut.,.. 

F. 
F, 
A, 

132   James    St.,    Hazleton,    Pa. 
Scanlln,    Luzerne   Co.,    Pa. 
Sharon^    Mercer   Co.,    Pa. 

Kaux  Reuben  

Private,    .. 

p, 

42  James  St.,  Hazleton,  Pa. 

Finfrock,  John  A  
Klsher  Edward  

Private,    .  . 
Private 

!>.. 
G 

Tarrs,    Westmoreland  Co.,   Pa. 
Sellnsgrove,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 

*Fisher,  Jeremiah  
•Garlick,  George  
•Glace,  Nicholas  C.,  

Sergt  
Private,    .. 
Capt  

D, 

E, 
K, 
B 

2420  Thompson  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
3175   Almond   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
545  Cedar  St.,  Reading,,  Pa. 

Gore,  Thomas  
Gross,  Daniel  W  
Griggs,  George  D.,  

Corp  
Corp  
Private,    .  . 

D, 
G, 
G, 

4147  Westminster  Ave.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
Muncy,   Lycoming  Co.,    Pa. 
320    E.    Jefferson    St.,    Williamsport, 

Hart,  John,  
Hassinger,  Allen  

Private,    .  . 
Private 

F, 
G 

Pa. 

Tank,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 
Globe   Mills     Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 

•Herbster  Thomas  

Private 

G 

McClure     Snyder    Co      Pa 

Horbach,  James  B.  O  
Hill  Richard  

Musician,.. 
Private 

A, 
A, 

724    Jerome    St.,    McKeesport,     Alle- 
gheny Co.,   Pa. 
Burgettstown,    Washington   Co.,    Pa. 

Hughes,  James  

Corp  

B, 

E 

Beaver  Meadows,   Carbon  Co.,  Pa. 
3615  Fairmount  Ave      Phila      Pa 

•Jacobs,  John  S.,  
Jarrett,  Samuel  
Jones,  David  M.,  
Keiner,  William,  
Kesler,  John  

Com.  Sgt., 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Corp.  ,  

G, 
B, 
F. 
A, 
F 

88  N.    Church   St.,    Hazleton,    Pa. 
Kratzerville,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 
Saxton,   Bedford  Co.,   Pa, 
Beach  Haven,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 
1206  Ninth  Ave.,   Beaver  Falls,   Pa. 
55  Kulp   St      Wilkes-Barre     Pa 

*Kleln  Christian  

1st  Lieut 

D 

915    Arch    St       Phila       Pa 

Knelly,  Daniel  
Knelly,  Charles  H  

Private,    .. 

F, 
F 

Shenandoah,    Schuylklll   Co.,    Pa. 
Conyngham     Luzerne   Co      Pa 

Knight,  Fred.  H  

Sgt.   Maj., 
Private,    .. 

G, 

Watsontown,    Northumberland,    Co., 
Pa. 
Danville,  Montour  Co.,  Pa., 

Private,    .  . 

C, 

Parryville     Carbon  Co      Pa 

•Laughlln,  Charles  B.,  
*Lehman  Gottlieb  

Private,    .  . 
Sergt  

A, 
A, 

Georgetown,    Beaver  Co.,    Pa. 
302    Southern    Ave      Pittsburgh     Pa 

Longsdorf,  John  

Corp  
Corp  

E, 
G, 

Greensburg,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 

•Mackall,  James  
•  tMackey,  William  J  
Mark,  John  T  
Maugle,  Adam  
McCabe,  Edwin  A  
McCall  Jacob  

Private,    .  . 
Capt  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 

A, 
C, 
6, 
B, 
B, 
B 

Georgetown,    Beaver    Co.,    Pa. 
1829  N.  Broad  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
Selinsgrove,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa, 
Saxton,    Bedford   Co.,    Pa. 
412  Moore  St.,  Huntingdon,  Pa. 

McCarty,  Daniel,  

Musician  .  . 

D 

312  Noble  St      Phila      Pa 

McFall  William  H  

Private,    .. 

G, 

•McLauchlin  Nell  

Private 

B 

•Michael,  Samuel  
Miller.  Elias.  . 

Private,    .  . 
Private.    . 

F, 
G. 

Newport,    Perry    Co.,    Pa, 
Mt.  Pleasant  Mills.   Snvder  Co.     Pn 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommissioned   Major,    not  mustered. 
31 


476 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


ONE     HUNDRED    AND     FORTY-SEVENTH      REGIMENT    INFANTRY 

— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

•Moore,  Joseph  A  
Moyer,  Jeremiah,  
Myers,  William  M  
•Noll,  Ellas  

Capt  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 

B, 
G, 

E, 
G. 
C, 

Camp  Hill,   Cumberland  Co.,    Pa. 
Sellnsgrove,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa. 
24   Hoffman   St.,    Williamsport,    Pa. 
Selinsgrove,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 
58  S.  Wyoming  St.,  Hazleton,  Pa. 

Parks,  Hugh  
Parks,  Martin  L  
Pettit,  John  F  

.Private,  .. 
Private  .  . 
1st  Sergt., 

A, 
G, 
F, 

Parker  Landing,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 
209  S.  4th  St.,  Easton,   Pa, 
120  N.   Laurel  St.,    Hazleton,    Pa. 

tQuirk,  Harry  M  

1st  Sergt., 

E, 

1334  Stiles  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Ramsden,  John  W  
Randall  William  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 

E, 
E, 

4331      Frankford      Ave.  ,       Frankford, 
Phila.,    Pa. 

•Reed.  John  

Private,  .. 

G, 

Phila.,    Pa. 
Sellnsgrove,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa. 

Reeves,  Christian,  

Private,  .. 

A, 

Media,    Delaware  Co.,    Pa. 

Rlegel,  John  R.,  
Schroyer,  Michael  S  

Sergt  
Sergt  

G, 
G, 

Verdilla,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa. 
Selinsgrove,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 

Shreffler,  Henry  E  

Private,  .  . 

G, 

State  College,  Centre  Co.     Pa. 

Smith,  James  W  

Private,  .. 

G, 

Sellnsgrove,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 

Smith,  Robert  C  

Private,  .  . 

Swissvale    Allegheny  Co     Pa 

Snyder,  John  
•Stepp,  Henry  
Stevens,  William  C  
Sutherland,  James  

Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 

B. 
H, 
TT 
B, 

Cottage,   Huntingdon  Co.,   Pa. 
Port   Trevorton,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa. 
417  Deacon  St.,   Scranton,   Pa. 
Woodland     Clearfleld   Co      Pa 

Thompson,  Robert  E.,  

1st  Lieut., 

B, 

1600    W.    Norwegian    St       Pottsville 

Ulrlch,  Antes  

Musician,  .. 

G, 

Pa. 

Ulrlch,  Fred.  B  
Ulrlch,  James  P.,  

Corp.  ,  
Private,  .. 

G, 
G, 

Selinsgrove,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa. 

Von  Nelda,  George  
Wagner,  Nathan  
Weir,  John  
Welch,  Edward  

Corp.  ,  
Corp  
Corp.  ,  
1st  Lieut 

G, 
F, 
F, 
E 

Selinsgrove,    Snyder  Co.,    Pa. 
Conyngham,    Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 
436  E.  Cranberry  Ave.,   Hazleton,  Pa. 

West,  William  T  
•White,  Thomas  
Willis,  John,  
Yost,  Jacob  

Sergt.,  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private 

C, 
B, 
F, 
F 

Odenwelders,   Northampton  Co.,    Pa. 
Allegheny    St.,    Huntingdon,    Pa. 
Tank,    Luzerne   Co.,    Pa. 
Conyngham    Luzerne  Co.     Pa 

SEVENTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Adams,    Geo.   W  

Private, 

E, 

Livonia    Centre  Co.,   Pa, 

Adams,  Julius  T  

Private, 

5 

Columbia  X  Roads,  Bradford  Co.    Pa 

•Allen,    Parker  
Anstock,     William      

Private, 
Bugler 

.      E. 
F 

430  Fourth  Ave.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Mahanoy  City     Schuylkill  Co      Pa 

Armstrong,  Hugh  

Sergt  

.     K, 

Rawlinsvllle,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommlssioned  First  Lieutenant,  not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 
SEVENTH    REGIMENT    CAVALRY— Continued. 


477 


Name. 

Rank. 

~ 

Co. 

Residence. 

After,  William  O  
Artman,  Henry  C  
•Bachtell,  Saml.  R.,  
Bates,  Lafayette  A  

Private,  .  . 
Corp  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

A, 

D, 
H, 

C, 

Corry,   Erie  Co.,  Pa. 
Montgomery,    Lycoming   Co.,    Pa. 
2130  Woodstock   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
East  Canton,   Bradford  Co      Pa. 

Barnhart,  James  J  
Becker,  James  D  
Benson,  '  Harvey,  

Sergt  
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

K, 
C, 
B, 
F, 

Juniataville,    Fayette    Co.,    Pa. 
Alba,    Bradford   Co.,    Pa. 
Austinville,   Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 
Landingville     Schuylkill  Co.     Pa. 

Berger,  John  M  
•Berry,  Jacob  
Best,  Peter  E.,  
*  tBlain,  Samuel  M  
Bovier,  Seely,  
Breckbill,  Michael,  

Sergt  
Private,  .  . 
Corp  
Sergt  
Corp  
C.  S  

L, 

E, 
E, 
D, 
C, 

Shamokin,   Northumberland  Co.,    Pa. 
Castanea,   Clinton  Co.,  Pa. 
Rote,    Clinton   Co.,    Pa. 
Milton,    Northumberland   Co.,    Pa. 
Granville  Summit,   Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 
Danville    Montour  Co.,  Pa. 

•Calhoun  Robert  

Private,  .  . 

Q 

Allport      Clearfield    Co       Pa 

Canedy,  Ralburn,  
•Carl  John  

Corp  
1st  Sergt. 

C, 
A, 

Wtndham  Center,    Bradford  Co.,   Pa. 

Case,  Samuel  R  
*Childs,  James  W  

Private,  .. 
1st  Lieut., 

C, 
G 

Pa. 

Granville  Center,    Bradford   Co.,    Pa. 

Colony,  William  H  
Coveney,  Charles,  
Covert  Geo.  L  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private 

C, 
L, 

c 

Mansfield,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 
Mansfield,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 

Covert,  Henry  D  

Sergt  

C 

Covert     Bradford  Co      Pa 

250  Liberty  St      Harrlsburg    Pa 

Davis,  Morgan  
•Dentler,  Charles  A.,  

Corp  

Corp  
Sergt  

I, 

D, 
B, 

Mt.     Carmel,     Northumberland     Co., 
Pa. 
Muncy,  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa, 
804  High  St.,   Williamsport,   Pa. 

Private 

D 

Dixon,  Samuel  C  

Capt  
Private,  .  . 

C, 
H, 

Pa. 

Kennett   Square,    Chester   Co.,    Pa. 
70  Gary  Ave.  ,  Wilkes-Barre,   Pa. 

Sergt.  ,  

I, 

Butler    Butler  Co.     Pa. 

Dunlap,  John  H  
Eichmey  Lewis  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 
1st  Sergt., 

Q, 
C, 

Coatesville,   Chester  Co.,   Pa. 
Sayre     Bradford   Co.,    Pa. 

Ellenberger,  Samuel  

Private,  .. 
C.  S  

K, 

Duncannon,    Perry  Co.,   Pa. 
36  Park   St.,    Allegheny,    Pa. 

•Gensel,  Isaac  D  

Private,  .  . 

D, 

Shickshinny,    Luzerne    Co.,    Pa. 

*Gerould  Otis  G  

1st  Lieut 

L 

Covington      Tioga    Co      Pa 

Gillett,  Nelson  
Graham,  George  W  
Greaves,  John  
•Grier  William  N  

Private,  .  . 
Corp.,  
Private,  .. 
1st  Lieut., 

B, 
G, 
H, 
G, 

Bentley  Creek,   Bradford  Co.,   Pa, 
Lorenton,    Tioga   Co.,    Pa. 
2716  Quincy  St.,  S.  S.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Gum    Tree,    Chester   Co.     Pa. 

•Haflett,  Wm.  H  
Hartman,  Jacob  
Hartman,  Joseph  W  
•Harlan,  David  
Harrig,  George  J.,  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Sergt  
Sergt  
Corp  
Private 

"C, 
L. 
B, 
K, 
F, 
L 

Windfall,   Bradford  Co.,   Pa. 
Covington,  Tioga  Co.,  Pa. 
Medix   Run,    Elk  Co.,    Pa. 
409  E.  Strawberry  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
3399    Ridge    St.,     Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

Hilberry,  James  S  

Private  .  . 

G 

Hopkins,  Frederick,  
Hormell  Robert  

Sergt  
Q  M.  Sgt 

A, 
H 

Mahanoy  City,   Schuylkill  Co.,   Pa. 

Horn.  Elias.  . 

Private.  . 

F. 

Pa. 

Donaldson.    Schuvlkill  Co..    Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommissioned  Second  Lieutenant,   not  mustered. 


478 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 
SEVENTH    REGIMENT   CAVALRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

CO. 

Residence. 

Howe,  James  H.,   
Howe,  William  J  

Sergt..  
Private,    .  . 
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Com.  Sgt., 

Corp.,  
2d  Lieut.,.. 

Corp  

C. 
C. 
H, 
E, 
M, 

E. 
A, 

K, 
G, 

E, 
F. 
I, 
E, 
D, 
F, 
C. 
L, 
L, 
E, 
D, 
I, 
I, 
E, 
D, 

H, 

K, 
F, 

E, 
L, 
E, 
L, 
L, 
C, 
K, 
D, 

r>. 

K, 
F, 
M, 

F, 
F. 

C, 
G, 
I*. 
B, 
I. 
C, 
M, 
C. 
H, 
E, 
E, 

Fall  Brook,   Tloga  Co.,   Pa. 
Tloga,    Tloga  County,    Pa. 
1834  N.    24th   St.,    Phlla.,    Pa. 
Booneville,    Clinton    Co.,    Pa. 
143    Boggs    Ave.,    S.    S.,    Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 
Cllntondale,  Clinton  Co.,  Pa. 
Mt.     Carmel,     Northumberland    Co., 
Pa. 
Gap,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 
Radnor,   Delaware  Co.,  Pa. 
Berwick,    Columbia   Co.,    Pa. 
Sacramento,    Schuylkill  Co.,    Pa. 
Frackville,    Schuylkill    Co.,    Pa. 
Salona,    Clinton   Co.,    Pa. 
12  Laurel   St.,    Wilkes-Barre,    Pa. 
Donaldson,    Schuylkill    Co.,    Pa. 
Rutland,  Tioga  Co.,  Pa. 
Centre  St.,  Pottsville,  Pa. 
430  N.   13th  St.,   Reading,    Pa. 
Lamar,    Clinton  Co.,    Pa. 
Milton,    Northumberland   Co.,    Pa. 
Tremont,    Schuylkill    Co.,    Pa. 
Columbia,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
Smethport,    McKean    Co.,    Pa. 
78  Garfleld  St.,    Germantown,    Phlla., 
Pa. 
Carrick,  Allegheny  Co.,  Pa. 
Rochester,  Beaver  Co.,  Pa. 
West  Arch  St.,  Pottsville,  Pa. 
Wellsboro,    Tioga   Co.,    Pa. 
Orwigsburg,    Schuylkill  Co.,   Pa. 
Salona,  Clinton  Co.,  Pa.  - 
906  N.  llth  St.,  Reading,  Pa. 
Wellsboro,    Tloga  Co.,    Pa. 
Lambs  Creek,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 
Lock  Haven,   Clinton  Co.,    Pa. 
Muncy,  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa. 
Bloomsburg,    Columbia   Co.,    Pa. 
Port  Carbon,    Schuylkill  Co.,    Pa. 
538    Moss    St.,     Reading,     Pa. 
Llmestoneville,   Montour  Co.,   Pa. 
612  Green  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
817  Arch  St.,  St.  Elmo  Hotel,  Phila  , 
Pa. 
Maim                       -a  Co.,  Pa. 
Canton,   Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 
514  Birch  St.,  Reading,  Pa. 
Austlhville,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 
Butler,    Butler  Co.,   Pa. 
Leroy,   Bradford  Co.,   Pa. 
616  W.   12th   St.,    Beaver  Falls,    r&. 
Columbia  X  Roads,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 
Lewlsvllle,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 
Bellefonte,    Centre    Co.,    Pa. 
Farmers'   Mills,   Centre  Co.,   Pa. 

Hunter,   George  
Karstetter,    Rudolph  
•Keenan,   John  

Kelster,    William  
•Kelly,  Peter  F  

Kirk     Philip  R  

Private,    .. 
Corp  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Corp.,  
Sergt  

Kling,  Jacob  
Kllnger,   William  R  

Kramer,    Samuel  

Krape,    George  W  

Lawler,    Edward     

Private,    .. 
Blacksm'h, 
Sergt  
Private,    .. 
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,    .. 
Corp.  ,  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Sergt  

2d  Lieut.  ,  .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Blacksm'h, 
Private,    .. 
Sergt  
Private,    .. 
1st  Sergt., 
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 
1st  Lieut., 
Private,    . 
1st  Lieut., 

Private,    . 
Blacksm'h, 
Private,    . 
Private,    . 
Sergt  
Private,    . 
Sergt  
2d  Lieut... 
Private,    . 
Private,    . 
Private,    . 

•Layton,  Abner  S.,   

*Loeser,    Charles    I  
Lott,   Henry,    
Loveland,  Wilbur  F  
Lynn,  Walter  
Marks,    Isaac  
•McAffee     John     

•McCabe,  Patrick  
McFarland,    Frank  

•McGovern    Thomas     

•McKown,  Leland  

•Meager,    Adam,    
Metzger,    Bernhart  
Miller,    John   H.  
Miller,  Wilson  H  
•Mllmore    Samuel     

•Morgan,    Daniel  M  
Moore,   Jonathan  L  
Motter,  Benjamin  
Moyer,   John   H  
Moyer,  William  D  
Paul,    Daniel  
Raber,  Gideon  
•Rank,    Daniel   W  

Reber,    Jonathan  B  

Rumsey,   Charles  M  
Rundell,    Charles  

•Schott,    Augustus,    
Schwenk,   Henry     

Sherman,    Casper,    
Shoemaker,  Joseph  S  
Shuster,   James  H  
•Sims.   William  R  

Smiley,  James  C  
•Smith,    George  W  
Smith,    Isaac  

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


479 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Private,    .  . 

c, 

Leroy,    Bradford  Co.,    Pa. 

*Smith  Wilson  H  

Private,    .  . 

K 

130  W.    Phila.    St.,    Tork,    Pa. 

*Spear,  Waldo  
Spindler,  James  
Sprout  Samuel  B.,  Jr.,  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .  . 

C, 
K, 
D, 

East  Charleston,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 
Christiana,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 
Muncy,   Lycoming  Co.,    Pa. 

Steahlin,  George  F.,  
Storrs,  Everell  O  

Adjutant, 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 

c, 
c. 

Orwigsburg,'  Schuylkill  Co.,   Pa. 
Leroy,    Bradford   Co.,    Pa. 
Rutland,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 

Summers,  John  H.,  

•1st  Lieut., 

B, 

Monroeton,   Bradford  Co.,   Pa. 

Thomas  William  

Private,    .  . 

A, 

Shamokin,    Northumberland  Co.,    Pa. 

Thompson,  Heber  S  

Capt  
Sergt  

I, 

F, 

1501  Mahantangr    St.,    Pottaville,    Pa. 
Trinity  Place,    Williamsport,    Pa. 

Vale,  Joseph  G  
Verbeck,  Uri  N.,  

Capt  
Com.  Sgt., 

M, 
C, 

Carlisle,    Cumberland  Co.,    Pa. 
East  Troy,   Bradford  Co.,   Pa. 

Wagner,  Charles  E  
Wagner,  George  
Walker,  Cyrus  M  

Corp.,  
Blacksm'h, 
Private,    .  . 

D, 

E, 

E, 

Turbutville,  Northumberland  Co.,  Pa. 
Rosecrans,  Clinton  Co.,  Pa. 
Clintondale,    Clinton  Co.,    Pa. 

Warriner,  Ira  M  
•Warters,  William  

Corp  
Private,    .. 

G, 
O 

Draper,   Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 
Mansfield,    Tioga  Co.,    Pa. 

Sergt  

B, 

New  Albany,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa. 

Private,    .  . 

M, 

181  Spring  Alley,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

West  Joseph  

Sergt  

I, 

Fair   Haven,    Allegheny   Co.,    Pa. 

•Wetzel,  David  H  
Wheeler,  Noah  J  
White,  Percy  H.,  
Williams,  Allen  E  
Williams,  John,  
Wilson,  George  H  
Willow,  George,  
Winn,  Samuel  
Womer,  Amandus  
Worden,  Samuel  
Young,  Theodore  J.  ,  

Corp  
Com.  Sgt., 
Capt  
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 
Asst.   Sur.,  . 

A, 
C, 
A, 
B, 
F, 
E, 
E, 
F, 
F, 
B, 

Haas,    Schuylkill   Co.,    Pa. 
Cherry  Flats,  Tioga  Co.,  lja. 
Lock  Haven,   Clinton  Co.,   Pa. 
Forest  House,   Potter  Co.,   Pa. 
Mahanoy  City,    Schuylkill  Co.,    Pa. 
Westport,    Clinton   Co.,    Pa. 
Johnsonburg,    Elk  Co.,    Pa. 
Frackville,     Schuylkill     Co.,     Pa. 
Shenandoah,    Schuylkill    Co.,    Pa. 
Penn.   S.   &  S.   Home.,   Erie,    Pa. 
Titusville,    Crawford  Co.,    Pa. 

NINTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Private,  .  . 

E, 

Phoenlxviile,    Chester    Co.,    Pa. 

Private,  .  . 

c, 

New  Germantown,   Perry  Co.,   Pa. 

Arment,   James  M  
Baily,    William  
*Barry     David  R.   P  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
?d  Lieut.,  .. 

F, 
B, 
D, 

726  E.  Chestnut  St.,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
Tower  City,   Schuylkill  Co.,   Pa. 
1526    Cliff    St.,    Pittsburgh      Pa 

•Baylitts,   Charles  H  
Berger,   George  
*Berrier,    John,    
Bishop,   Marcus  K  

Corp.,  
Sergt  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  . 

E, 
M, 
C, 
O, 

Conshohocken,    Montgomery  Co.,    Pa 
Coalport,  Clearfleld  Co.,  Pa. 
Blain,    Perry  Co.,    Pa. 
Dunmore,    Lackawanna   Co..    Pa. 

'Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


4SO 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 
NINTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Blain.  John  H  
•Blain.  Wlnfleld  S  

Sergt  
Private,    .. 

H, 
C, 

Sunbury,    Northumberland    Co.,    Pa. 
2105  Greenwood  St.,   Harrisburg,   Pa. 

•Blakeslee,   Orin     

Farrier,.  .. 

E, 

New   Milford,    Susquehanna   Co.,    Pa. 

Botts,    Moses,    

Private,    .. 

L. 

Shamokin,   Northumberland  Co.,   Pa. 

Bower,  Jacob  W  

Corp.  ,  

E, 

Fowls  Valley,    Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 

Bowman,    George  

Private,    .. 

L. 

Hunlock  Creek,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 

Brady,    James,     

Sergt  

D. 

355  S.  Main  St.,   Wilkes-Barre,   Pa. 

Brandon,    William  W  

Private,    .  . 

L,, 

Buttercup,   Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

Branyan,   B.   Hale  

Sergt  

A, 

Millerstown,    Perry  Co.,   Pa. 

Brighton,    Henry  

Private,    .. 

F, 

East  Petersburg,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Burkel,    George  

Private,    .. 

B, 

315   Phelps   St.,    Scranton,    Pa. 

Sergt  

F. 

Christiana,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 

Campbell  ,  James  P  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Middletown,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 

•Carpenter,   Christian  G.,    — 

Private,    .. 

F, 

Brunnervllle,    Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

Clark,    Marshall   D  

Corp  

E, 

Phoenixville,    Chester  Co.,   Pa. 

•Comrey,   Andrew,    

Corp  

I, 

Mahanoy  City,    Schuylkill   Co.,    Pa. 

•Conner,    Elijah,    

Sergt  

D. 

Hudson,    Luzerne   Co.,    Pa. 

Cordner,    Enoch  

Farrier,  ... 

L, 

Carbondale,  Lackawanna  Co.,  Pa. 

Coursen,    James  

Private,    .. 

D, 

Plymouth,    Luzerne    Co.,    Pa. 

Dechant,    Charles  T  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Mt.     Carmel,     Northumberland    Co., 

Pa. 

Deemer,  Aaron  A  

Private,    .. 

G, 

Elysburg,  Northumberland  Co.,  Pa. 

•Deemer,    William  

Private,    .. 

0, 

Corduroy,    Elk   Co.,    Pa. 

Private,    .. 

H, 

Waterton,   Luzerne  Co.,    Pa. 

De  Witt,    Andrew  W  

Private,    .. 

E, 

1820  Tloga  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

liillen     John  A 

Corp  

M, 

Clearfleld,   Clearfleld  Co.,   Pa. 

•Dowllng,    John,    

Private,    .. 

D, 

155  S.  Washington  St.,   Wilkes-Barre, 

Pa. 

Duncan,   Samuel  

Private,    .. 

C, 

Elllottsburg,  Perry  Co.,  Pa. 

1st  Sergt., 

G, 

Lykens,    Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 

Ebert,    Augustus  

Hos.    St.,.. 

Catasauqua,    Lehigh   Co.,    Pa. 

Sergt  

I, 

Green  Village,   Franklin  Co.,   Pa. 

Erb     David  Sylvect"- 

.-'•••:  1  

B. 

State  College,   Centre  Co.,   Pa. 

•Ewing,    James  

1st  Lieut., 

I, 

Walnut  Bottom,  Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 

Farber,    George  

Private,    .. 

B, 

KOI  Ash  St.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

•Fargo,  Charles  S  

Corp.,  

E, 

Nantlcoke,    Luzerne   Co.,    Pa. 

Feldt,    Daniel  S  

Private,    .. 

B, 

Millersburg,   Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 

Felndt     Henry  

Bugler  

B, 

Lykens,    Dauphin    Co.,    Pa. 

Fetter,    Cornelius  W  

Private,    .. 

F, 

Junction,    Lancaster    Co.,    Pa. 

Fetterhoof,    Daniel,    

Private,    .. 

M, 

Spruce  Creek,   Huntingdon  Co.,  Pa. 

Flckes,    Samuel  W  

Sergt  

C. 

Newport,    Perry   Co.,    Pa. 

•Flynn,    Thomas  W  

Private,    .  . 

K, 

715  Mlnersvllle   St.,    Pottsvllle,    Pa. 

•Fox,     David  

Private,    .. 

E, 

Millersburg,   Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 

•Fraley,    Adam  

Corp  

D, 

Wilkes-Barre,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 

•Garner,    Francis  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Ashland,   Schuylkill  Co.,   Pa. 

Glbble,   Abraham  H  

Sergt  

G, 

East  Springfield,   Erie  Co.,  Pa. 

Glntzer,   Louis  F.,    

Private,    .. 

A, 

Duncannon,   Perry  Co.,   Pa. 

Goodwin,   William  C.,    

Private,    .. 

L, 

Penna.     Furnace,     Huntingdon     Co., 

Pa. 

Graybill,  John  M  

Sergt  

A, 

Duncannon,   Perry  Co.,   Pa. 

Grow,    Charles  

Private,    .  . 

F, 

549  W.  Orange  St.,   Lancaster,    Pa. 

•Griffiths,    Thomas   D.,    

2d  Lieut.,.. 

A, 

Clay  St.,   Manayunk,  Phlla.,  Pa. 

•Hackman,  Charles,   

Private,    .. 

F, 

Brunnervllle,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 

Handrlck,   Eugene  8  

Q.    M  

Tunkhannock,    Wyoming  Co.,    Pa. 

Halnes,   William  R  

Private,    .. 

M, 

2329  Beale  Ave.,   Altoona,    Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommlssioned  Second  Lieutenant,   not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 
NINTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


481 


Name. 

Rank. 

Cb. 

Residence. 

tHamersley,  James  B  
Haney,  James  M.  ,  
•Hartranft,  William  
•Harvey,  James  H.  ,  

Sergt  
Sergt.,  
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
1st  Sergt., 

A, 
A, 

P. 
C, 

Allentown,    Lehigh    Co.,    Pa. 
Marysville,   Perry  Co.,  Pa. 
Sadsburyville,  Chester  Co.,  Pa. 
Middletown,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 

Heillg,  Leonard  P.,  

Private,  .. 

Q, 

Mt.   Joy,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 

•Heiney  Isaac  

Corp  

F, 

Marticvllle,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa. 

•Helpin,  John,  

Private,  .. 

H, 

Coyne,    Lacka  wanna   Co.,    Pa. 

Hilbert  Michael 

Private,  .  . 

H, 

155  Blackman  St.,  Wllkes-Barre,   Pa. 

•Hickok,  Asa  W.,  

Sergt  

E, 

Rush,    Susquehanna  Co.,   Pa. 

•Hooper,  Lanrjftert  *K  

Private,  .. 

H, 

Mechanicsburg,   Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 

House,  Frederick  
Hungerford,  Charles  A  

Private.  .. 

Sergt.,  

D, 
E, 

25   Ash    St.,    Wilkes-Barre,    Pa. 
Tunkhannock,   Wyoming  Co.,   Pa, 

•Hungerford,  Ira  C.,  
tlrvin,  "William  
•Isenberg  Daniel  

Private,  .. 
2d  Lieut,.. 
Sergt 

E, 
M, 
M 

Plymouth,    Luzerne    Co.,    Pa. 
715  Eighth  Ave.,  Altoona,   Pa. 

•Jackson,  "Walter  A.,  
•Jenkins,  David  

Private,  .  . 
Private 

E, 
L, 

Harford,  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa. 
Saxton     Bedford   Co      Pa 

Johnson,  Collins  
•Johnston,  John  W.,  
Keithline  Alexander  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Corp  

M, 
M, 
D, 

Munson   Station,    Clearfield   Co.,    Pa. 
Birmingham,    Huntingdon  Co.,    Pa. 
Nanticoke,  Luzerne  Co.     Pa. 

Keller,  Jacob  

Private,  .  . 

C, 

Bloomsburg,    Columbia   Co  ,    Pa 

Kelley,  Henry  A  
Kern,  David  N.  
Klinger,  Emanuel  T  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Corp  

M, 
E, 
B, 

Bellwood,    Blair    Co.,    Pa. 
Landlsburg,  Perry  Co.,   Pa. 
Delmatla,    Northumberland   Co.,    Pa. 

JKuhn,  George  W  

1st  Sergt., 

M, 

715  First  Ave.,  Altoona,   Pa. 

Kuppler  Frederick  

Bugler,  .... 

D 

114   Dana   St      Wllkes-Barre     Pa 

•Landis,  Gideon  W  
ILandis,  Isaac  D.,  

Com.  Sgt., 
2d  Lieut.,.. 

H, 
H, 

Newville,    Cumberland   Co.,    Pa. 
Coatesville     Chester  Co      Pa 

Leamy,  George  W  
Leedy,  James,  

Private,  .. 
Private 

E, 
A 

608  N.   32d  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Lenker,  Valentine  
•Leonard  William  .... 

Private,  .. 

E, 
F 

Berrysburg,    Dauphin    Co.,    Pa. 

Liddick,  William  
Llghtner,  William  H  

Private,  .. 

A, 
C 

Newport,   Perry  Co.,  Pa. 

•Long,  Benjamin  F  

Private,  .. 

I, 

Carlisle,   Cumberland  Co.,   Pa. 

•Loudenburg,  Anthony,  

Sergt  
Q.  M.  Sgt. 

H, 
A, 

Hyner,    Clinton   Co.,    Pa. 
Oak  Avenue,   Altoona     Pa 

•Lutz,  John  H.,  
Martz,  Richard  F.,  
Masters,  Wm  
Matter,  John  L  
Matter,  Michael  
Mateer,  William  
McCann,  Robert  S  
•McDonald,  Robert  
Mertz,  Henry  H  
Meisky  ,  John  C.  ,  

Metzler,  Daniel  W  
Michener,  Eleazor  

Private.  .. 
Com.  Sgt., 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Sergt  

Corp  
1st  Lieut 

D, 

D, 
B, 
B, 

G, 
j^ 

A, 

o, 

F, 
A 

Plains,     Luzerne    Co.,     Pa. 
Lykens,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 
Town  Line,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 
Lykens,    Dauphin   Co.,    Pa. 
Elizabethvllle,    Dauphin   Co.,    Pa. 
Mt.    Joy,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 
Duncannon,    Perry  Co.,    Pa. 
Shermansdale,    Perry  Co.,    Pa. 
808  Maple  St.,    Allentown,    Pa. 
Washington  Borough,   Lancaster  Co., 
Pa. 
East  Petersburg,   Lancaster  Co.,   Pa. 
1920   Mervlne    St       Philadelphia     Pa 

Miller,  J.  Frank,  
Miller,  John  N  

Major  
Private 

B 

Berrysburg,    Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 

•Mumma,  David  H  

Sergt.,  

E, 

Shepherdstown,   Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommissioned   First   Lieutenant,    not  mustered. 
{Commissioned  Second  Lieutenant,    not  mustered. 
Commissioned  Adjutant,   not  mustered. 

31 


482 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 
NINTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Musser,  Llewellyn  
Nagle,  George  W  
Nlssley,  Harry  H  
Pennell,  Robert  
Prlchard,  William  W  

Corp.,  
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
1st  Sergt. 

E. 
G, 

G, 

A, 
L, 

Hummelstown,   Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 
33  Franklin   St.,    York,    Pa. 
Ml.    Joy,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 
Willlamstown,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 

Reynolds,  Thomas  C  
Rhule,  Samuel  M  

Private,  .  . 
Saddler  .  . 

A, 
M, 

Duncannon,   Perry  Co.,   Pa. 
Phillpsburg    Centre  Co  "  Pa 

•Rife  David  

1st  Sergt 

I 

Relly,  Cornelius  
Rodamaker,  William  
Rose.  William  
Rice  George  

Sergt.,  
Corp  
Private,  .. 

D, 
A, 
A, 
D, 

Ashley,   Luzerne  <Co.  ^  Pa. 
Duncannon,    Perry    Co.,    Pa. 
Duncannon,    Perry    Co.,    Pa. 

•Russell,  Roswell  M  
Saeger,  Richard  N.,  
Schneck,  Samuel  H  

Lt.  Col  
Private,  .  . 
1st  Sergt  , 

A, 

A, 

Pa. 
Hanover,    York   Co.,    Pa. 
Allentown,    Lehigh    Co.,    Pa. 

Schlerman,  John  
Schultz,  George,  Sr  
Shaffer,  Henry  
•Sharp.  William  H  
•Sheffy.  John  
Sheldon,  George  H.  

Private,  .. 
Sergt  
Sergt  
Sergt  
Private,  .  . 

E, 
B, 
M, 
L, 
C, 
E 

Butler,    Rutler  Co.,    Pa. 
1514  Ash  St.,   Scranton,   Pa. 
Huntingdon,   Huntingdon  Co.,   Pa. 
Nar.ticoke,   Luzerne  Co.,    Pa. 
East  Hanover,    Lebanon  Co.,    Pa. 

Shenck,  Albert  F  

Sherman,  Nathan  G.,  
•Shingler,  John  

Shoftner,  Samuel  
•Shriver,  Wm.  M.,  
tShuman,  George  A.,  

Private,  .  . 
Private,  .  . 

Private,  .  . 
Capt  
Capt  

E, 
A, 

I, 
H, 

H, 
C 

Lynn,  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa. 
Chapman  Quarries,  Northampton  Co., 
Pa. 
Chester  Springs,   Chester  Co.,   Pa. 
Dickinson,    Cumberland    Co.,    Pa. 
Loysville,    Perry    Co.,    Pa. 

•Smith,  Daniel  W  
Smith,  Frederick  
Smith,  William  M  

Corp  
2d  Lieut.,.. 

Corp  

M, 
D, 
H, 

West  Moshannon,  Clearfleld  Co.,  Pa. 
232  South  St.,  Wllkes-Barre,   Pa. 
1019  Cavenne  St.,   Altoona,   Pa. 

Bnyder.  Theodore  F  
•Sorber,  Nathaniel  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
1st  Sergt., 

D. 
D, 
B, 

Almedia,    Columbia  Co.,    Pa. 
West  Nanticoke,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 
Lykens,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 

Steever,  Josiah  W  
Straw,  Arthur  B  
Straw,  James  W  
Strickler  Henry  

Private,  .  . 
Corp.,  
Sergt  
Saddler 

E, 
M, 

M, 

F 

Plymouth,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 
Ansonville,    Clearfleld    Co.,    Pa. 
Ansonvllle,    Clearfleld    Co.,    Pa, 

•Sutton,  Rhodes  S  
Sweezy,  Josiah,  
Swords,  Henry  
Tressler,  Henry  L  
•Trotter,  William  
Vaughn,  John  
Waidley,  Jacob  K.  
Waldron,  Cornelius  D  
Walker,  Jeremiah  E.,  
Walker  John  W  

Asst.  Sur., 
Corp  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private,  .  . 
Corp  

A, 
O, 
C, 
E, 
I», 
C, 
E, 
C, 

c. 

170  Ridge  Ave.,    Allegheny,    Pa. 
Liverpool,    Perry   Co.,    Pa. 
Mt.   Joy,    Lancaster  Co.,    Pa. 
Newport,    Perry    Co.,    Pa. 
1410  18th  Ave.,    Altoona,   Pa. 
Pittston,   Luzerne  Co.,   Pa. 
Box  188,   Steelton,   Dauphin  Co.,  Pa. 
Halifax,   Dauphin  Co.,   Pa. 
Yocumtown,     York    Co.,     Pa. 
Mechanlcsburg,  Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 

Waltman,  Henry  B  
•Walters,  William  H  
•Weaver,  Jacob  L  

Capt  
Sergt  
Farrier  .  .  . 

P. 
H, 
B, 

12»  N.    Duke    St.,    York,    Pa. 
Yellow  Springs,   Blair  Co.,   Pa. 
Ellzabethvllle,    Dauphin   Co.,    Pa. 

White,  Luke  
Wilson.  Jacob  8.. 

Sergt  
O.  M.  Set. 

K, 
H. 

Carbondale,    Lackawanna   Cc.  ,    Pa. 
Wormleysbursr.   Cumberland  Co..   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommlssioned  Major,   not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 
NINTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


4S3 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Wilson,   Simon  M  
Witman,    James    M.,    

Private,    .. 
Corp  

M, 

B, 

Patton,    Cambria    Co.,    Pa. 
Millersburg,    Dauphin    Co.,    Pa 

•Wolf,  Ellas,    

Private,    .. 

B, 

Dundore,    Snyder   Co.,    Pa. 

Young,    James  

Private,    .. 

D, 

West  Nanticoke,    Luzerne  Co., 

Pa. 

Zerby,   Jacob,    

Blacksm'h, 

B, 

Elizabethville,    Dauphin    Co.,    Pa. 

FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Agnew,  James  
•Alexander,   George  

Sergt.,  
Private,    .. 

K, 
I, 

Mercersburg,    Franklin  Co.,    Pa. 
719   N.   10th   St.,    Reading,    Pa. 

Allison,.  Eben  

2d  Lieut.,.. 

A, 

641  Maclay  St.,   Harrisburg,   Pa. 

Anderson,    Everett   W  

Sergt  

M, 

Phoenixvllle,    Chester  Co.,    Pa. 

•Arnold,   Robert  P.,    , 

Private,    .. 

M, 

Braeburn,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 

Arvecost,    Joseph  

Private,    .  . 

G, 

Crothers,    Washington    Co.,    Pa, 

Balmer,   Benjamin  F  

Com.  Sgt., 

A, 

1311  Market  St.,    Harrisburg,    Fa, 

Betts,   Charles  M  

Lt.  Col.,   .. 

2034  Spring  Garden  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

•Bishop,   George  W.,    

Private,    .  . 

F, 

1405  N.  29th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

•Bond,  Edward  

Private,    .  . 

H, 

Wind   Ridge,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 

Bowen,   J.  Wesley  

Com.  Sgt., 

G, 

1018  S.  2d  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

•Brown,   John  E  

Private,    .. 

H, 

719  N.  5th  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 

Brownlee,    Robert  W.,    

Sergt  

G, 

351  W.  Chestnut  St.  ,  Washington,  Pa. 

Buzby,   Howard  A  

Private,    .  . 

E, 

5153     Wakefleld      St.,      German  town, 

Phila.  ,    Pa. 

Caldwell,   John  W  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 

H, 

1324  Orthodox  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Camp,  Byron  O.,  

Bugler,  ... 

B, 

Montrose,   Susquehanna  Co.,   Pa. 

Collahan,  John  C  

Private,    .  . 

L, 

Arch  St.,  St.  Elmo  Hotel,  Phila,,  Pa. 

tColeman,   Albert  B  

1st  Sergt., 

L, 

952   Shackamaxon    St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Coombs,   Robert  D  

Private,    .. 

F, 

429  S.  40th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

1st  Lieut., 

B, 

12th  &  Noble  Sts.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

•Crawford     Frank   M  

Private,    .. 

C, 

1515  N.  20th  St.,  Phila.,   Pa. 

•Crawford,    Walter  B.,    

Corp.  ,  

I, 

Fayetteville,   Franklin  Co.,  Pa. 

Crumpton     Robert  D  

Private,    . 

A, 

Tioga  St.,  Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

Currin,  William  J.  

Corp.,  

B, 

Franklin,    Venango   Co.,    Pa. 

•Denney,    Clark,    

Corp  

I, 

Rice's  Landing,    Greene  Co.,    Pa. 

Diller,   William  R  

Ccrp  

C, 

167   Columbia   Ave.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

Dye,  William  L  

Private.    . 

K, 

32  E.  Chestnut  St.,  Washington,  Pa. 

•Eberly,    Daniel  W.,    

Private,    . 

C, 

Mechanicsburg,   Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 

Ennis,  Samuel  L  

Private,    . 

D, 

1437  N.   20th  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 

Esbenshade,  Hiram  W  

Sergt...... 

C, 

Paradise,    Lancaster   Co.,    Pa. 

Bivans,    Benjamin  B  

Corp  

F, 

Carmichael,    Greene    Co.,    Pa. 

Fairchild,    Samuel  R  

Corp  

B. 

Scottdale,   Westmoreland  Co.,    Pa. 

•Fisher     Daniel  

Private,    .  . 

I, 

Oil    City,    Venango   Co.,    Pa. 

Franklin,  George  P., 

Private,    . 

A, 

1510  Mt.    Vernon   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
^Commissioned  Second  Lieutenant,  not  mustered. 


484  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Frankenberry,  Allen  D  

Private,    .. 

K, 

Point  Marlon,   Fayette  Co.,   Pa. 

Fritz,  Charles  H.,  
•Fry,  Henry  C  
•Gable  William,  

Corp  
Corp  
Private,    .. 

I, 
B, 

I, 

Berwick,    Columbia  Co.,    Pa. 
Rochester,    Beaver  Co.,    Pa. 
Shamokln,    Northumberland  Co.,   Pa. 

Gllmour,  John  M  

Sergt  
Private,    .. 

D, 
C, 

1413   Sellers    St.,    Frankford,    Phlla., 
Pa. 
Connellsville,   Fayette  Co.,  Pa, 

•Grim,  William  L  

Private,    .. 
Bugler  

D, 
L, 

West  Finley,   Washington  Co.,   Pa. 
Carmichael,     Greene    Co.,     Pa. 

Halnes,  Joseph  G.,  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 

I, 
B, 

1428  Palmer  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
23d    and    Providence    Ave.,    Chester, 

Hanson,  George  H  
•Hartley,  William  A.  
•Harrison,  John  H.,  
•Hawkins,  Alex.  L  
•H.envis,  Jacob  George  
Hewitt,  Ell  
Hewitt,  Jacob  

•Hlnchman,  Charles  S  
•Hood,  Alfred  W  
Houston,  Joseph  

Corp  
Corp.,  
Private,    .  . 
Corp  
Sergt  
Corp  
Bugler  

C.   S  
Sergt  
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 

B, 
B, 
E, 
I, 
H, 
B, 
F. 

B, 
H, 
I, 

Pa. 
Merlon  Station,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa. 
2603  N.  18th  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Hulmeville,   Bucks  Co.,    Pa. 
Washington,   Washington  Co.,   Pa. 
4127  Germantown  Ave.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
Conshohocken,    Montgomery  Co.,    Pa, 
656    Peebles    St.,    Wilkinsburg,    Alle- 
gheny Co.,   Pa. 
3635  Chestnut  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Connellsville,   Fayette  Co.,   Pa. 
McCracken,    Greene  Co.,    Pa. 
Corry,   Brie  Co.,   Pa. 

Hunt,  Elwood  H  
•Huey,  John  A  
•Irwln,  William  E  
Jamison,  Samuel  R  
Jamison,  Wllber  F  

Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 
Sergt  
Corp  
Q.  M.  Sgt., 

C, 
B, 

E, 
L, 
H, 

A, 

61  S.  Franklin  St.,  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. 
2038  Bainbridge  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Philipsburg,    Centre    Co.,    Pa. 
535  N.  41st  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
Waynesburg,    Greene    Co.,    Pa. 
Rochester,    Beaver  Co.,   Pa. 

•Jordan,  Robert  H  

Bugler,    ... 

H, 

Jefferson,   Greene  Co.,  Pa. 

Keely.  Wilfred  H  
•Klmmel,  Jacob  
Kinter,  George  W  

Kltzmiller,  Jacob  
•Lawrence  Thomas  

Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,    .. 
Sergt  

Sergt  
Private 

K, 

F, 

E, 
M 

1305  N.  13th  St.,   Phila..   Pa. 
Mechanicsburg,   Cumberland  Co.,   Pa. 
Mt.   Holly  Springs,   Cumberland  Co., 
Pa, 
Gettysburg,  Adams  Co.,  Pa. 
1854  Mervine  St.     Phlla      Pa 

Loan,  William  C  
Lonabaugh,  Joseph  R  
Lukens,  Geo.  W  
•Lush,  William  H  

Sergt  
Sergt  
Com.  Sgt., 

C. 
G, 
H. 
C 

1427  S.   20th  St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
2324   N.    Eighth    St.,    Phlla..    Pa. 
Kulpsville,    Montgomery   Co.,   Pa. 
426  Green  Lane    Roxborough    Phlla 

Macfarren,  Samuel  J  
•Mather,  Comly  J  
Marshall,  John  G  
•McCall,  Thomas  J  
•McCormlck,  Henry  C  
•McGlumphy,  James  B  

Private,    .. 
Capt  
Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
Private,    .  . 
Vet.    Sur., 

A, 

I: 

H, 
D, 

Pa. 
S.   Linden   Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
1619  Wallace  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 
325  W.  2d  St.,  Chester,  Pa. 
Tarentum,    Allegheny    Co.,    Pa. 
Connellsville,     Fayette    Co.,     Pa. 
Video,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 

•McMullin,  William  J  
•McNay,  Jasper  P  
McVay,  Demas  L.  ,  
•Mecke,  George  K  
•Megonegal,  M.  E.,  
•Metzgar,  Lebbeus  R  

Private,    .  . 
Private,    .. 
Corp  
Com.  Sgt., 
Private,    .. 
Private,    .. 

F, 
K, 
I, 
M, 
G, 
B, 

1533  Franklin  St.,  Phila.,  Pa. 
Wind  Ridge,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 
Prosperity,    Washington  Co.,    Pa. 
Narberth,    Montgomery    Co.,    Pa. 
2040   Diamond   St.,    Phlla.,    Pa. 
848  Rebecca  Ave.,  Wilkinsburg,  Alle- 
gheny Co.,   Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 
FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


485 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

Miller,   Abraham  C  

Bugler  

I, 

601  Walnut  St.,   Harrisburg,    Pa. 

Mllligan,  James  H.  
•Mish,   George  F  

Private,  .. 
Asst.  Sur., 

G, 

Homestead,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 
Middletown,    Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 

•Moredock,   John  
Murdock,    Wm.    M.,    

Private,  .. 
Bugler  

G, 
K, 

Fordyce,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 
Charlerol,    Washington   Co.,    Pa. 

Murphy,   James  F  
•tMusser,   Michael  M.,    

Private,  .. 
1st  Sergt., 

H, 
K, 

2014   Warnock   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Aaronsburg,    Centre    Co.,    Pa. 

•Oliver,  Horatio  N.,  

Private,  .. 

L, 

755  N.  38th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 

Orr,  James  P  
*Orr,   Robert  L  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 

E, 

A, 

Dithridge  St.,   Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Glenshaw,    Allegheny  Co.,    Pa. 

•Over,   James  "W.,    
•Overholt,   Aaron  S.  R.,    

Corp  
Sergt  

G. 
D, 

Court   House,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
West    Overton,     Westmoreland    Co., 

Overholt,    Joseph    S.,    
Owens,  James  T  
Pattlson,  Wm.  F  

Corp  
Private,  .. 
2d  Lieut.,.. 

L, 
H-. 
D, 

Pa. 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 
752  Washington  Ave.,  Tyrone,   Pa. 
8109     Frankford     Ave.,     Holmesburg, 

Phelps,  Darwin  E  
•Pierce,  Joseph  K  
•Plnney,    Norwood    G  

Corp  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 

G, 
K, 
G,, 

Phila.,   Pa. 
Kittanning,    Armstrong   Co.,    Pa. 
1819  N.    12th   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
Brookville,    Jefferson    Co.,    Pa. 

Pontius     Joseph      

Private,  .. 

M, 

Ridge     Ave.      above     Gorgas     Lane, 

•Pugh,   Charles  

Corp.,  

G, 

Phila.,   Pa. 
Newtown,   Bucks  Co.,   Pa. 

•Reesman,   David  
Robertson,    John  
Saibel,    Augrustus,    ;  
•Sayers,    Henry   C  
Sease,  John  M  
•Sellers,   Alphonso  B  

Sergt.  
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Corp  
Private,  .  . 

F, 
K, 
C, 
G, 
I, 
E, 

Curwensville,    Clearfleld   Co.,    Pa. 
Scottdale,    Westmoreland    Co.,    Pa. 
518  Noble  St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
Waynesburg,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Pa. 
New  Hope     Bucks  Co.     Pa. 

•Shaw,  Milton  E  
Sheaffer,  David  C  

Sergt  

I, 
E 

Worthington,   Armstrong  Co.,   Pa. 

Skillen,  Samuel    

Sergt 

j 

Small,   William  H.,    
•Spidle,    Abram   G  
•Sprout,   Timothy  R  
Squires,    Joseph  C.,    
•Stokes,  Jonathan  O.,   

Corp  
Q.  M.  Sgt., 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .  . 
Private, 

K, 
I, 
B, 
D, 
B, 

Edgegrove,   Adams  Co.,   Pa. 
Muddy   Creek    Forks,    York  Co.,    Pa. 
Waynesburg,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 
718  N.  43d  St.,   Phila.,   Pa. 
5541  Greene  St.,  Germantown    Phila., 

•Stone,    George  E.,    

Sergt  

I 

Pa. 

Carraichael     Greene  Co.,   Pa 

Supplee,    Henderson,    

Private 

K 

Gulf  Mills     Montgomery  Co      Pa. 

•Tack,  Frank,   '. 

L 

Titusville     Crawford    Co      Pa 

•Taylor,  Charles  E  
Taylor,   Thomas  B  
•Turbett,  Harry  B.,    
•Turner,   John  F  

•Ulrich,    George  
•  tVance,  Henry  H  

Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Private,  .. 
Corp  

Saddler,  . 
1st  Sergt 

E, 
I, 
E, 
|    M, 

L, 
jj 

L"onard,   Chester  Co.,   Pa. 
Fairmount  Springs,  Luzerne  Co.,  Pa. 
11  Grandview  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
R21  Rebecca  Ave..  Wllkinsburgr.  Alle- 
gheny Co.,   Pa. 
Millhelm,    Centre    Co.,    Pa. 
P    O     Box  245     Pittsburgh     Pa 

Vandling,  Ellis  L  
•Walter,    John,    

Com.  Sgt., 

L, 

j£ 

Sunbury,    Northumberland    Co.,    Pa. 

Wampler,  Sam'l  E.,   
•Wassell,   William     

Private,  . 
Private 

I. 

B 

Bendersville,    Adams   Co.,    Pa. 
298  Main  St      Station  B     Pittsburgh 

Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 
tCommissioned  Second  Lieutenant,  not  mustered. 


486  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT  CAVALRY— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Residence. 

•Weand  Henry  K.,  

1st  Lieut., 
Sergt  

M, 

K, 

L. 
C, 
I, 
F, 
K, 
I, 
C, 
F, 

G, 
F, 
M, 
K, 
C, 
I, 

K, 

718  DeKalb  St.,    Norrlstown,   Pa. 
New     Stanton,     Westmoreland     Co., 
Pa. 
3701  Chestnut  St.,   Phila.,   Pa, 
York  Springs,   Adams  Co.,   Pa. 
Option,  Allegheny  Co.,  Pa. 
West  Mill  Creek,  Erie  Co.,  Pa.     • 
52  Second  Ave.,  Corry,  Erie  Co.,  Pa. 
Washington,    Washington   Co.,    Pa. 
Waynesburg,    Greene   Co.,    Pa. 
604    Peebles    St.,    Wllkinsburg,    Alle- 
gheny Co.,  Pa. 
1516  Oakdale   St.,    Phila.,   Pa. 
Carmichael,   Greene  Co.,  Pa. 
1938  N.  17th  St.,   Phila.,   Pa, 
Smithton,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 
13  Stockton  Ave.,   Allegheny,  Pa. 
638  Collins  Ave.,    E.    E.,    Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 
1441  N.  5th  St.,   Phila.,  Pa. 

Weir,  James  A  
Wlerman,  John  W  

Corp  
Com.  Sgt., 
Private,    .  . 

tWightman,  Henry  B  

Willis.  Thomas  D  

Private,    .  . 
Sergt  
1st  Sergt., 
Sergt  
Private,    .  . 

Corp  
Corp  
Private,    .  . 
Bugler,  — 
Private,    .  . 
Private,    .  . 

Private,    .. 

Wilson,  John  C  
n  Wilson,  Seldon  L.  
Wood,  Edward  W.,  
Woodwell,  James  S  

tWoodward,  Alfred  
Worthlngton,  Richard  
tWright,  Julian  P  
Wright,  George  W.,  

tYeager,  William  R  

Young,  Jacob  P  
tZoIl,  John  M  

LIGHT    ARTILLERY,    BATTERY    B. 
(Twenty-sixth  Independent.) 


Name. 


Rank. 


Residence. 


Butler,    Alfred Private,    ... 

De  Hart,  Frederick Corp 

Dunklnaon,   Robert Sergt.,   

Herron,  Napolean  B Private,    ... 

Herron,    John Private,    ... 

tHollet,    James Private,    ... 

Kohler,  John  H Private,    ... 

Krlner,  Amos ,  Private,    ... 

Kues,   William,    Corp 

Lutje,    William'  F 1st.  Lieut., 

Lynch,    George Private,    ... 

tMorrison,   Paul Private,    ... 

tPrimm,    John   H Private,    ... 

Richter,    Jesse Private,    ... 

tSelfert,    Valentine ,  Private,    ... 

tShatzer,   David  B i  Private,    ... 

tTitler,    Henry >  Private,    ... 


Warren,    Isaac, 


Private, 


Mill  Village,   Erie  Co.,   Pa. 
Rear  825  Penn  St.,    Reading,    Pa. 
Chambersburg,    Franklin    Co.,    Pa. 
Chambersburg,    Franklin    Co.,    Pa. 
Chambersburg,    Franklin    Co.,    Pa. 
2517  Webster  Ave.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Fayettevllle,    Franklin   Co.,    Pa. 
Bendersvllle,    Adams   Co.,    Pa. 
730  W.  5th  St.,  Erie,  Pa. 
123  W.  25th  St.,   Erie,   Pa. 
Mechanicsburg,  Cumberland  Co.,   Pa. 
5172   Natrona  Alley,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
Lykens,    Dauphin  Co.,    Pa. 
Chambersburg,    Franklin   Co.,    Pa. 
521  E.   Hth   St.,    Erie,    Pa. 
Edenvllle,    Franklin   Co.,    Pa. 
Boiling  Springs,  Cumberland  Co.,  Pa. 
Wenks,    Adams   Co.,    Pa. 


•Commissioned  captain,   not  mustered. 

tNot   present   at   the   dedicatory   ceremonies. 

tCommlssloned   Second   Lieutenant,    not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


487 


LIGHT  ARTILLERY,    BATTERY  E. 
(Knap's   Pennsylvania  Independent.) 


Name. 

Rank. 

Residence. 

639  2d  St.,   Williamsport,   Pa. 

Atwell,    William    P  
Barry,   William  A  

Sergt.,    
Private  

Private,    

3d  Ave.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
West    Alexander,     Washington    Co., 
Pa. 
6807    Germantown1  Ave.,    Phila.  ,    Pa. 

Cochran,  James  H  
De  Witt,    William  H  

Corp  
Private  

3  Maple  Ave.,    Allegheny,    Pa. 
13   N.   Charlotte   St.,    Pottstown,    Pa. 

Donahue,    Patrick,    

Private,    

1814  Locust  St      Pittsburgh     Pa. 

*Dooney,    Charles     

Private  

25  Robinson  St.     Allegheny    Pa. 

Dooney,   Peter     

Private,    

25  Robinson  St      Allegheny    Pa 

Dorman,  Charles  S  

Private,    .  .-.  

152  Pearl   St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

•Dougherty,   John  A  

Artificer,     

Coal  port     Clearfield   Co.,    Pa. 

Evans,    Edwin   John      

Private 

•Gilbert,   Thomas  W  

Private,    

gheny,   Pa. 
42S8    Franklin    St       Phila       Pa 

Hammann,  Edward  

2d  Lieut  

•Haverstock,  William  J  
Hayward,    Richard  
Hughes,  George  W.,   

Sergt  
Private  
Private  

2186  E.  Norris  St.,   Phila.,    Pa. 
1416  N.  7th  St.,   Harrisburg,   Pa. 
169  Beaver   Ave.,    Allegheny     Pa. 

Hunzeker,    Samuel    F  

Private  

3   Clifton   Park,    Allegheny,    Pa. 

•Jones,    Thomas  

Private  

1029  Vickroy  St      Pittsburgh     Pa. 

Klinefelter,   Joseph  G  
Lamb,    Augustus   J  
•Lisbon,    John,     
•Lohmeier,  Henry,   
Mawhinney,    Thomas  
McCluskey,    Sylvester  W.  ,    ... 

Private,    
Private,    
Private,    
Private  
Corp  
2d  Lieut     

Harvard   St.,    Pittsburgh,    Pa. 
20  Union  Ave.,   Allegheny,   Pa. 
Keckesburg,    Westmoreland   Co.,    Pa. 
2002  Sarah  St.,   S.  S.  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Elliott,     Allegheny    Co.,     Pa. 
188   47th    St       Pittsburgh     Pa 

Mecklin,    Aaron   T  

Corp  

•Millhime,    Charles  

Private 

•Morgan,   Thomas  B  
Morris,  Henry  G.,   
Nichol,    David,     

Sergt  
Private  
1st  Sergt 

New  Castle,   Lawrence  Co.,    Fa. 
Hoboken,    Allegheny    Co.,    Pa. 

O'Brien,  Michael  S.,    
•Penrod,   William  H  

Corp  
Private 

2321  Wylie  Ave.,    Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
Zelienople,    Butler  Co.     Pa. 

•Ridge,    John    E  

Groveton,   Allegheny  Co.     Pa. 

Rowland,   William  B  
Shaw,    Adam,    

Corp.  ,    
1st  Lieut 

73  Stewart  St.,   Allegheny,   Pa. 
Forbes  and  Dallas  Ave.,   Pittsburgh, 

Shriver,  Preston  B  
Stewart,  James  P  
*Volk,    Frederick  
Walker,    George  J.,    

Corp.,    
Corp  
Q.  M.  Sergt  
Corp.  ,   

Pa. 

4018  Perry  ville  Ave.,  Allegheny,  Pa. 
35  Observatory  Ave.,   Allegheny,   Pa. 
951  Randolph   St.,    Phila.,    Pa. 
46  Clifton  Ave.,    Allegheny,    Pa. 

•Not  present  at  the  dedicatory  ceremonies. 


488 


PENNSYLVANIA  AT 


ROSTER  OF  MEMBERS  OF  THE  VARIOUS  ORGANIZATIONS 
PRESENT  AT  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THEIR  RESPECTIVE 
MONUMENTS  ON  THE  CHICKAMAUGA— CHATTANOOGA 
BATTLEFIELDS  WHO  WERE  NOT  FURNISHED  TRANSPOR- 
TATION BY  THE  STATE. 


Name. 

•Rank. 

Co. 

Organization. 

Residence. 

Alderson,    Thomas,    .. 
Barr,    Oliver  1'  

1st    Lieut., 
R.  Saddler, 

K, 

46th   regt.    inf.,. 
7th  regt.  cav.,.. 

Lotus,  Wise  Co.,   Va. 
Hagerstown,    Md. 

•Barns,   Gilbert  S.,    .. 

Private,     .. 

K, 

7th  regt.  cav.,.. 

Pittsburg,   Pa. 

•Blacker,    Charles,    .. 

Sergt.,    

F, 

7th  regt.  cav.,.. 

Lytle,   Walker  Co.,  Ga. 

•Boyle,   Emerson  M... 

Private,    .. 

K, 

lllth    regt.    inf., 

1534    Diamond    St.,     Phila- 

delphia,   Pa. 

Boyle,   J.  Richards,   .. 

AdJ  

lllth   regt.    Inf., 

Trenton,    N.    J. 

•Boyles,    Job  

Private,    .. 

E. 

lllth  regt.   inf.. 

Meadville,    Crawford,    Co., 

Pa. 

•Burton,    Spencer  S.,. 

Private,    .. 

A, 

lllth   regt.    inf.. 

9  W.  8th  St.,  Erie,   Pa. 

•Caughey,    John   F.  ... 

Private,     .. 

C, 

lllth   regt.    Inf., 

West    Millcreek,    Erie    Co., 

Pa. 

Collins,   William  H... 

Capt  

K, 

7th   regt.   cav.,. 

Wellsville,      Franklin     Co., 

Kansas. 

Gorman,    Alfred   L.,.. 

Sergt  

C. 

Dth  regt.  cav.,  .. 

Columbus,  O. 

tCozens,   Smith  D.,    .. 

Corp.,     

L, 

15th  regt.  cav.,. 

522    N.    21st    St.,     Philadel- 

phia,   Pa. 

•Decker,    Robert   T... 

Private,    .. 

I, 

9th  regt.  cav.,.. 

Union  Church,    Huntingdon 

Co.,  Pa. 

Denning,   William  J., 

Private,    .. 

H, 

15th  regt.   cav.,. 

Penna.    R.    R.    Shops,     Al- 

toona,   Pa. 

•Doebler,    Henry  J.,.. 

Private,    .. 

a, 

147th   regt.    inf., 

Selinsgrove,   Snyder  Co.,  Pa. 

•Duncan,   Samuel  W., 

Private,    .  . 

M, 

7th   regt.    cav.  ,  . 

Chattanooga,    Tenn. 

Engle,  Edward  H.,    .. 

Private,    .. 

L. 

15th  regt.  cav.,. 

355     Broadway,     New    York 

City. 

Goodman,    Joseph  E., 

1st  Sergt.,  . 

D, 

H7th   regt.    inf. 

Greeno,   Charlos   L.  ... 

Bt.Lt.Col.. 

7th  regt.   cav.,.. 

325  Main  St.,  Cincinnati,   O. 

•Heftener,    Henry  W., 

Private,    .  . 

a. 

9th  regt.  cav.  ,  .  . 

York,    York   Co..    Pa. 

Keith,  Isaac  S  

l.-t  Lieut.,. 

i, 

7th  regt.   cav.,  .. 

St.    Louis,    Mo. 

JKelly,    Matthew  

1st  Lieut.,. 

F, 

28th   regt.    inf.,. 

Chattanooga,   Tenn. 

•Linton,    Mah'.on   H... 

Saddler,     .. 

H, 

7th  regt.  cav.  ,  .  . 

East   Bethlehem,    Washing- 

ton  Co..    Pa. 

Lowry,    \Vm.    A  

Corp  

H, 

7Sth   regt.   iiif.,. 

Butler,  Butler  Co.,   Pa. 

Martin,   Edwin  K.,    .. 

Private,    .. 

E, 

79th  regt.    Inf.,. 

290    Broadway,    New    York 

City. 

•Mayberry,     William 

Private,    .. 

A, 

15kh  regt.  cav.,. 

Fetteressa,   Charleston  Co., 

\V. 

S.    C. 

McDowell.   John   S.,. 

Capt  

F, 

77th  regt.    inf.,. 

Clay  Center,   Kansas. 

Minnick,   John   R.,    . 

Private,    .. 

K, 

7th   rf  Rt.    cav.  ,  . 

Stonehill,  Cleburne  Co.,  Ala. 

•Munsee,    Ira   B.,    ... 

Private,     .. 

F. 

lllth   regt.    Inf., 

Wattsburg,   Erie  Co.,   Pa. 

Myers,   George  G.,    . 

Bugler,     ... 

F. 

9th  regt.  cav.,.. 

Coatesvllle,      Chester     Co.. 

Pa. 

Pelper,    Jonathan,    .. 

Private,    .. 

I, 

9th  regt.   cav.,.. 

Fitzgerald,   Irwin  Co.,  Ga. 

Price,  John  II  

Corp.  ,    

H, 

46th   regt.    inf.,. 

Dawn,  Livingston  Co.,  Mo. 

Riekert,    Thomas    H.. 

Q.    M  

7th  regt.  cav.  ,  .  . 

Pottsville,     Schuylkill    Co., 

Pa. 

Shatzer,    Emanuel  F.  , 

1st   Lieut., 

Battery  B  

Columbus,    Ga. 

•Not  a  member  of  the  organization  at  the  time  of  the  engagements. 
tTsktn  sick  en  route,  and  did  not  reach  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
^Commissioned  Captain,    not  mustered. 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA. 


489 


ROSTER  OF  MEMBERS  OF  THE  VARIOUS  ORGANIZATIONS  PRES- 
ENT AT  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THEIR  RESPECTIVE  MONU- 
MENTS ON  THE  CHICKAMAUGA— CHATTANOOGA  BATTLE- 
FIELDS WHO  WERE  NOT  FURNISHED  TRANSPORTATION  BY 
THE  STATE.— Continued. 


Name. 

Rank. 

Co. 

Organization. 

Residence. 

•Sigley,   Charles  H.,.. 
*Spchn,    Llewellyn  J.  . 

Private,     .. 
Private,    .  . 

c, 

B, 

46th  regt.    inf.,.. 
46th  regt.    inf.,. 

Chattanooga,    Tenn. 
Reading,    Berks  Co.,  Pa. 

•Stickney,  Allison  M.  ,     Private,     .. 

E, 

15th  regt.  cav.,.;  Medford,      Middlesex      Co., 

Mass. 

Street,    William  !  Private,    .. 

F,     78th   regt.   inf.,.    Chattanooga,    Tenn. 

Thomas,    John  Private,    .. 

K,     7th  regt.  cav.,..     Pikeville,        Bledsoe       Co., 

Tenn. 

Timmons     Joseph,    ...    Sergt  

j 

9th  reert.    cav..  . 

Kenton,    Hardin    Co.,    O. 

Tweedale,    John,    Private,    .. 

I,     15th  regt.  cav.,  . 

War  Department,  Washing- 

ton,  D.   C. 

*Walker,   James  D.  ,..    Private,    .. 

Battery    E  

5222  Westminster  St.,  E.  E., 

Pittsburgh,    Pa. 

Walker,   Thomas  M.,  .   Bt.Brig.Gen. 

lllth   regt.    inf., 

Grandin,    Cass  Co.,   N.  D. 

Wallace,  Thomas,    ...    Private,    .. 

E,     29th   regt.    inf.,. 

Canton,  Baltimore  Co.,  Md. 

•West,    John  Private,     .. 

I,     7th  regt.  cav.,..1  Butler,    Butler  Co.,    Pa. 

Wiehl,    Frederick  F.,. 

2d    Lieut.,. 

H,     7Sth   regt.    inf.,.    Chattanooga,   Tenn. 

Wills,   Andrew  W.,   ..    Private,    .. 

L, 

15th  regt.  cav.,.    Nashville,    Tenn. 

•Williams,  Robert  E.,     Corp.,     

C,      46th    regt.    inf.,.     Catasauqua,      Lehigh     Co., 

Pa. 

•Wilson,    Charles  T.,.    Private,    .. 

K, 

15th  regt.  cav.,      Penna.    R.    R.     Shops,     Al- 

toona,    Pa. 

•Not  a  member  of  the  organization  at  the  time  of  the  engagements. 


(490) 


A. 

I  age. 

ACCEPTANCE  OF  MONUMENTS  on  behalf  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Penn- 
sylvania, by  Governor  Daniel  H.  Hastings,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exer- 
cises, Chattanooga 45 

National  Government,  by  Hon.  John  Tweedale,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exer- 
cises-, Chattanooga 48 

Chickamauga-Chattanooga    National   Military   Park   Commission,    by    General 

Henry  V.  Boynton,    at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,    Chattanooga,    151 

ACT  making  appropriation  to  pay  expenses  of  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Bat- 
tlefields Commission  and  executive  committee  thereof 13 

providing  for  erection  of  monuments  to  Pennsylvania  organizations  engaged 
in  battles  on  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields 13 

to  provide  transportation  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  for  Pennsylvania  soldiers 
engaged  in  battles  on  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  battlefields,  on  occa- 
sion of  dedication  of  their  respective  monuments 15 

ADDRESS    of   welcom-i   at    Auditorium,    Chattanooga,    by   Mayor  Ed.    Watkins, 

on  behalf  of   State  and  city 23 

of  welcome  at  Auditorium,  Chattanooga,  by  Col.  Halbert  B.  Case,  on  behalf 
of  G.  A.  R 28 

in  behalf  of  United  Confederate  Veterans,  by  Captain  J.  F.  Shipp 31 

in  behalf  of  United   Confederate  Veterans,    by  Colonel  L.    T.    Dickinson 32 

introductory,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chattanooga,  by  Brigadier 
General  William  A.  Robinson 37 

of  Hon.  H.  Clay  Evans,   at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chattanooga,   54 

of  Brigadier  General  Thos.  J.  Stewart,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises, 
Chattanooga,  56 

of  General  James  W.  Latta,   at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,   Chattanooga,...  58 

of  Private  John  Emhart,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Twenty-seventh 
regiment  infantry 63 

of  Captain  J.  Adelsheimer,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Twenty-seventh 
regiment  infantry,  63 

of  Corporal  Joseph  L.  Cornet,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Twenty-eighth 
regiment  infantry 80 

of  Corporal  Wallace  M.  Hoffner,  at  dedication  of  tablet  of  Twenty-ninth 
regiment  infantry,  109 

of  Colonel  William  Rickards,  at  dedication  of  tablet  of  Twenty-ninth 
regiment  infantry 110 

of  Captain  Louis  R.  Fortescue,  at  dedication  of  tablet  of  Twenty-ninth 
regiment  infantry 118 

of  Captain  Joseph  Matchette,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Forty-sixth 
regiment  infantry 144 

of  Corporal  Jacob  Ullmann,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-fifth  regi- 
ment infantry 162 

of  Private  John  Ullmann,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-fifth  regi- 
ment infantry t 164 

of  Lieutenant  T.  Albert  Steiger,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-fifth 
regiment  infantry 166 

of  Rev.  J.  Cooper,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-seventh  regiment 
infantry 193 

of  Captain  George  W.  Skinnner,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-sev- 
enth regiment  infantry 195 

of  Brigadier  General  W.  A.  Robinson,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Sev- 
enty-seventh regiment  infantry 199 

of  Private  R    P.   Scott,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-eighth  regi- 

'  ment    infantry 211 

of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Archibald  Blakeley,  at  dedication  of  monument  of 
Seventy-eighth  regiment  infantry 215 

,491) 
32 


492  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Page. 
ADDRESS— Continued. 

of  Hon.  Edwin  K.  Martin,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-ninth 
regiment  Infantry,  234 

of  Rev.  J.  Richards  Boyle,  D.  D.,  at  dedication  of  tablet  of  One  Hun- 
dred and  Eleventh  regiment  infantry 259 

of  Lieutenant  John  L.  Wells,  at  dedication  of  tablet  of  One  Hundred 
and  Eleventh  regiment  infantry,  273 

of  Corporal  Joseph  Lumbard,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  One  Hundred 
ar.d  Forty-seventh  regiment  infantry 284 

of  Captain  Heber  S.  Thompson,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventh  regi- 
ment cavalry 298 

of  Captain  Joseph  G.  Vale,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventh  regiment 
cavalry 300 

of  Lieutenant  George  F.  Steahlln,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventh 
regiment  cavalry « 308 

of  Lieutenant  Calcnel  Charles  L.  Greeno,  at  dedication  of  monument  of 
Seventh  regiment  cavalry,  311 

of  Major  Charles  C.  Davis,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventh  regi- 
ment cavalry 313 

of  Captain  H.  B.  Waltman,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth  regiment 
cavalry,  323 

of  Major  Simon  B.  Cameron,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth  regiment 
cavalry 325 

of  Major  M.  A.  Gherst,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth  regiment  cav- 
alry   327 

of  Sergeant  Joseph  Timmons,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth  regiment 
cavalry 330 

of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Charles  M.  Betts,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fif- 
teenth regiment  cavalry 341 

of  Lieutenant   John   F.   Conaway,    at   dedication  of   monument  of   Fifteenth 

'    regiment  cavalry 343 

of  Hon.  H.  K.  Weand,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth  regi- 
ment cavalry 350 

of  Private  A.  M.  Stickney,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth  regi- 
ment cavalry 301 

of  Captain  Byron  O.  Camp,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth  regi- 
ment cavalry,  352 

of  Private  John  Tweedale,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth  regi- 
ment cavalry 355 

of  Private  John  H.  Kohler,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light  Artillery, 
Battery  B 366 

of  Lieutenant  Wm.  F.  Lutje,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light  Artillery, 
Batttry  B 367 

of  Private  P.  R.  Donahue,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light  Artillery, 
Battery  E 371 

of  Private  James  D.  Walker,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light  Artillery, 
Battery  E,  373 

of   General    Charles   H.    Grcsvenor,    on   establishment  of   Chickamauga   and 

Chattanooga  National  Military  Park GS7 

ADKLSHEIMER,   Captain  J.,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Twen- 
ty-seventh   regiment    infantry 63 

ARMY  OF  THE  CUMBERLAND,  organization  of,   during  the  battle  of  Chicka- 

mauRa,   Ga.,   September  19th  and  20th,   1S63 413 

casualties  in,  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  19th  and  20th, 
1863,  427 

detail  aggregate  strength  and  loss  of  the  various  corps  of 436 

recapitulation  of  aggregate  strength  and  loss  of.    437 

ARMY   OF  THK   TENNESSEE,    aggregate   strength   and   loss   of 437 

APPROPRIATION   for  payment  of  expenses  of  Chlekamauga-Chattanooga  Bat- 
tlefields Commission  and  executive  committee  thereof 13 

for  erection  of  monuments  to  Pennsylvania  organizations  engaged  in  battles 
on  C  hickamaug-i-Chattanooga  battlefields 13 

covering  transportation  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  for  Pennsylvania  soldiers, 
fm  occasion  of  dedication  of  their  respective  monuments  on  the  Chicka- 
mauga-Chattanooga  battlefields 15 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  493 

B. 

Page. 

BATTERY   B,    LIGHT  ARTILLERY,    dedication  of  monument  of,    366 

historical    sketch    of 369 

inscription    on   monument   of,    411 

roster  of  applications   from,    for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,    Tenn.,    486 

BATTERY  E,   LIGHT  ARTILLERY,   dedication  of  monument  of 371 

historical  sketch  of, '. 381 

inscription   on  monument  of 412 

roster  of  applications  from,    for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,    Tenn.,    ....  487 
BENEDICTION,    by   Rev.    J.    Thompson  Gibson,    D.    D.,    at  Pennsylvania   Day 

exercises,    Chattanooga 6? 

BETTS,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Charles  M..  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monu- 
ment of  Fifteenth  regiment  cavalry 341 

BLAKELEY,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Archibald,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monu- 
ment of  Seventy-eighth  regiment  infantry,  215 

transfer  of  monuments   by,    to   the  Governor  of   Pennsylvania,    at   Pennsyl- 
vania   Day    exercises,    Chattanooga 39 

BOYLE,    Rev.    J.    Richards,    D.    D.,    address    of,    at    dedication    of    tablet    of 

One   Hundred  and   Eleventh   regiment   infantry, 259 

BOYNTON,  General  Henry  V.,  acceptance  of  monuments  by,  on  behalf  of  the 
Chickamauga-Chattanooga  National  Military  Park  Commission,  at  Penn- 
sylvania Day  exercises,  Chattanooga,  51 

c. 

CAMERON,   Major  Simon  B.,   address  of,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth 

regiment  cavalry 325 

CAMP,  Captain  Byron  O.,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth 

regiment   cavalry 352 

CASE,  Colonel  Halbert  B.,  address  of  welcome  by,  at  Auditorium,  Chatta- 
nooga,    28 

CASUALTIES  in  Army  of  the  Cumberland  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,   Ga., 

September  I9th  and  20th,    1S6S,    427 

CEREMONIES  at  the  dedication  of  the  regimental  monuments,   61 

CHATTANOOGA,    Pennsylvania  Day,    ...» 35 

CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA  NATIONAL  MILITARY  PARK,  his- 
tory of  organization  of,  385 

COMMANDS,    Pennsylvania,    engaged   in   battles   on   Chickamauga-Chattanooga 

battlefields 18 

COMMITTEE,  Executive,  of  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commis- 
sion,   • 3 

General  Reception,   to  receive  and  entertain  Pennsylvania  soldiers 21 

CON  AW  AY,    Lieutenant   John    F.,    address    of,    at   dedication   of   monument    of 

Fifteenth  regiment   cavalry,    343 

COOPER,    Rev.   J.,   address  of,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-seventh 

regiment    infantry,    193 

CORNET,   Corporal  Joseph  L.,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Twen- 
ty-eighth   regiment   infantry 80 

D. 

DAVIS,    Major  Charles  C.,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventh 

regiment   cavalry 313 

DEDICATION    ceremonies    at    regimental    monuments 61 

of   monument    of   Twenty-seventh    regiment   infantry,    63 

Twenty-eighth   regiment    infantry,    80 

Twenty-ninth    regiment    infantry 108 

Forty-sixth    regiment    infantry 144 

Seventy-fifth   regiment   infantry,    162 

Seventy-seventh  regiment  infantry 193 

Seventy-eighth    regiment    infantry 210 

Seventy-ninth    regiment    infantry 234 

One   Hundred   and  Eleventh  regiment   infantry 259 

One  Hundred  and  Forty-seventh  regiment   infantry,    284 

Seventh  regiment  cavalry 298 

Ninth    regiment    cavalry 323 

Fifteenth  regiment   cavalry 341 

Light  Artillery,   Battery  B 366 

Light    Artillery,    Battery   E,    371 


491  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Page. 

DELEGATION,  Pennsylvania's,  to  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Com- 
mission   6 

DICKINSON,    Colonel  L.    T.,    address  by,    at  Auditorium,    Chattanooga 32 

DONAHUE,  Private  P.  R.,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light  Ar- 

tilleiy.    Battery  E,    371 

E. 

EMHART,  Private  John,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Twenty- 
seventh  regiment  Infantry 63 

EVANS,  Hon.  H.  Clay,  address  of,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chatta- 
nooga,    54 

EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE,  Chickamauga-Chattanooga  Battlefields  Commis- 
sion    3 

EXERCISES,    Pennsylvania  Day,   Chattanooga,   Tenn 35 

at   the  Auditorium,    Chattanooga,   Tenn.,    19 

F. 

FIFTEENTH  REGIMENT   CAVALRY,    dedication  of   monument  of 341 

historical   sketch   of,    356 

inscription    on    monument    of 411 

roster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn.,   483 

FORCES  engaged  In  battles  about  Chattanooga,  November  23-25,  1863,  organiza- 
tion of 439 

FORTESCUE,     Captain    Louis    R.,    address    of,     at    dedication    of    tablet    of 

Twenty-ninth    regiment   infantry,    118 

FORTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT   INFANTRY,    dedication   of   monument   of 144 

historical  sketch  pf 147 

inscription  on  monument  of 405 

roster  of  applications  from,  for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn 460 

G. 

GENERAL  RECEPTION  COMMITTEE,  to  receive  and  entertain  Pennsyl- 
vania soldiers,  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn 21 

GHERST,     Major    M.    A.,     address    of,    at    dedication    of    monument    of    Ninth 

regiment     cavalry,     327 

GIBSON,    Rev.    J.    Thompson,    D.    D.,    benediction    by,    at    Pennsylvania    Day 

exercises,    Chattanooga,    60 

prayer  by,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy-eighth  regiment  Infantry,..         210 

GOBIN,   General  J.   P.  S.,   response  by,  to  address  of  welcome  at  Auditorium, 

Chattanooga 30 

GREENO,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Charles  L. ,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monu- 
ment of  Seventh  regiment  cavalry 311 

prayer  by,    at  dedication   of  monument  of  Seventh  regiment  cavalry 300 

GROSVENOR,    General    Charles    H.,    address   of,    on    establishment    of  Chicka- 

mauga   and   Chattanooga   National    Military   Park 387 

H. 

HASTINGS,  Governor  Daniel  H.,  acceptance  of  monuments  by,  on  behalf  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chat- 
tanooga,    45 

response  by,  to  address  of  welcome,   at  Auditorium,   Chattanooga 25 

HISTORICAL  SKETCH  of  Twenty-seventh  regiment  Infantry 66 

Twenty-eighth  regiment  infantry 86 

Twenty-ninth    regiment    infantry 121 

Forty-sixth    regiment   infantry 147 

Seventy-third   regiment  infantry 154 

Seventy-Iifth  regiment  infantry,    185 

Seventy-seventh   regiment    Infantry 202 

Seventy-eighth    regiment   Infantry : 227 

Seventy-ninth   regiment  Infantry 240 

One    Hundred  and    Ninth    regiment    Infantry 250 


CHJCKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  495 

Page. 
HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF— Continued. 

One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  regiment  infantry,    273 

One  Hundred  and  Forty-seventh   regiment   infantry,    292 

Seventh    regiment    cavalry,     315 

Ninth  regiment   cavalry 332 

Fifteenth  regiment  cavalry 356 

Light  Artillery,   Battery  B 369 

Light  Artillery,   Battery  E,   381 

HISTORY  of  the  organization  of  the  Chickamauga  and   Chattanooga  National 

Military  Park,   385 

HOFFNER,     Corporal    Wallace    M.,     address    of,    at    dedication    of    tablet    of 

Twenty-ninth   regiment  infantry 109 

I. 

INSCRIPTIONS  ON  MONUMENTS  AND  TABLETS  of  Pennsylvania  regi- 
ments   401 

Twenty-seventh  regiment  infantry 403 

Twenty-eighth  regiment  infantry 403 

Twenty-ninth   regiment   infantry,    404 

Forty-sixth    regiment    infantry 405 

Seventy-fifth    regiment    infantry 405 

Seventy-seventh  raiment    infantry .' 405 

Seventy-eighth    regiment   infantry 406 

Seventy-ninth    regiment    infantry,     -. 407 

One  Hundred   and  Eleventh   regiment  infantry,    408 

One    Hundred   and    Forty-seventh   regiment   infantry 409 

Seventh    regiment    cavalry , 410 

Ninth   regiment   cavalry,    411 

Fifteenth   regiment    cavalry 411 

Light    Artillery    Battery    B,     411 

Light   Artillery,    Battery    E 412 

K. 

KOHLER,    Private  John  H.,  address  of,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light 

Artillery,    Battery  B 366 

L. 

LIGHT  ARTILLERY,  Battery  B,  dedication  of  monument  of 366 

historical    sketch    of,    369 

inscription  on  monument  of 411 

roster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn.,..  486 

Battery  E,    dedication   of   monument  of,    371 

historical    sketch   of 381 

inscription  on  monument  of,    412 

roster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn.,   ..  487 
LANDIS,  Lieutenant  Isaac  D.,   prayer  by,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth 

regiment   cavalry 325 

LATTA,  General  James  W. ,  address  by,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chat- 
tanooga   58 

LETTER  from   Colonel   Thomas  E.    Rose,    read   at  dedication  of   monument   of 

Seventy-seventh   regiment  infantry 200 

LUMBARD,   Corporal  Joseph  A.,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  One 

Hundred  and  Forty-seventh  regiment  infantry 284 

LUTJE,    Lieutenant  Wm.   F.,    address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light 

Artillery,    Battery   B 367 

M. 

MARTIN,  Hon.  Edwin  K.,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy- 
ninth  regiment  infantry,  234 

MATCHETTE,  Captain  Joseph,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of 

Forty-sixth  regiment  infantry 144 


496  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Page. 
MILLISON.    Lieutenant   Colonel  Jesse   R.,    prayer   by.    at   dedication   of   tablet 

of  Twenty-ninth  regiment  infantry 108 

MONUMENTS,  transfer  cf,  to  the  Governor  of  Pennsylvania,  by  Lieutenant 
Colcnel  Archibald  Blakeley,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chatta- 
nooga,    39 

acceptance  of,  on  behalf  of  the  Chickamauga- Chattanooga  National  Military 
Park   Commission,    by   General  Henry   V.    Boynton,    at  Pennsylvania   Day 

exercises,   Chattanooga 51 

on   behalf  of   the   Commonwealth   of   Pennsylvania,   by   Governor  Daniel 

H.   Hastings,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,    Chattanooga 45 

on    behalf    of    the    National    Government    by    Hon.    John    Tweedale,    at 
Penneylvanla   Day  exercises,    Chattanooga 48 

N. 

NINTH   REGIMENT  CAVALRY,    dedication   of   monument   of 323 

historical   sketch  of.    832 

inscription   on   monument   of 411 

rrster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn 479 

o. 

OFFICIAL  RECEPTION  PROGRAMME  of  exercises  at  Auditorium,  Chatta- 
nooga. Tenn.,  : 22 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  NINTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,   historical  sketch  of.  250 
ONE    HUNDRED   AND   ELEVENTH   REGIMENT  INFANTRY,    dedication    of 

tablet  of 269 

historical    sketch    of,     273 

inscription  on  bronze  tablet  of 408 

renter  of  applications  from,    for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,    Tenn 472 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FORTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,  dedica- 
tion of  monument  of 284 

historical    sketch    of 292 

inscription  on  monument  of,    409 

roster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn 474 

ORGANIZATION    OF   ARMY    OF   THE   CUMBERLAND    during   the    battle    of 

Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  19th  and  20th,   1863, 413 

forces  engaged  In  the  battles  about  Chattanooga,  November  23-25,  1863 439 

P. 

PRAYER,  by  Rev  T.  H.  Robinson,  D.  D. ,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  exercises,  Chat- 
tanooga,    37 

by    Lieutenant    Colonel    Jesse    R.     Millison,     at     dedication    of    tablet    of  / 

Twenty-ninth   regiment   infantry 108 

by  Rev.   W.   J.  Trimble,  D.   D.,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Forty-sixth 

regiment   Infantry , 144 

by   Sergeant  Charles   Preusch,    at   dedication   of  monument   of  Seventy-fifth 

regiment    infantry 163 

by  Rev.  J.  Thompson  Gibson,  D.  D.,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy- 
eighth   regiment    infantry 210 

by    Lieutenant   Colonel   Charles   L.    Oreeno,    at   dedication   of  monument   of 

Seventh  regiment   cavalry 300 

by  Lieutenant  Isaac  D.   Landis.   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth  regi- 
ment   cavalry 325 

by  Corporal  James  P.  Stewart,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light  Artil- 
lery,   Battery    E 872 

PENNSYLVANIA  commands  engaged   in  battles  on   Chlckamauga-Chattanooga 

battlefields 18 

delegation  to  Chickamauga-Chattanooga   Battlefields   Commission 5 

PREFACE 5 

PREUSCH,  Sergeant  Charles,  prayer  by,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy- 
filth  regiment  infantry 183 

PROCEEDINGS  of  Initial  meeting  of  Pennsylvania  Delegation  to  Chlckamauga- 

ChaUanooga   Battlefields  Commission 6 

PROGRAMME,    Official    reception,    of    exercises    at    Auditorium.    Chattanooga, 

Tenn 22 

of  exercises  at  Chattanooga  on  Pennsylvania  Day 36 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.  497 

R. 

Page. 

RECEPTION,   programme  of,   exercises  at  Auditorium,    Chattanooga,    22 

REGIMENTAL   MONUMENTS,    ceremonies   at   the   dedication  of,    61 

RESPONSE,   by  Governor  Daniel  H.  Hastings,   to  address  of  welcome,   at  Aud- 
itorium,   Chattanooga,     25 

by   Brigadier  General  Thos.   J.   Stewart,    to  address  of  welcome,    at  Audito- 
rium,   Chattanooga,     27 

by  General  J.   P.   S.   Gobin,    to  address  of  welcome,   at  Auditorium,   Chatta- 
nooga   30 

by   Captain   George  W.   Skinner,    at  Auditorium,    Chattanooga,    to  addresses 

of  welcome  on  behalf  of  United  Confederate   Veterans,    32 

RICKARDS,    Colonel    William,    address    of,    at    dedication    of    tablet  of    Twen- 
ty-ninth   regiment   infantry -110 

ROBINSON,   Brigadier  General  William  A.,   introductory  address  by,   at  Penn- 
sylvania Day   exercises,    Chattanooga 37 

address    of,    at    dedication    of    monument    of    Seventy-seventh    regiment   in- 
fantry   199 

ROBINSON,    Rev.   T.    H.,    D.    D.,    prayer   by,    at   Pennsylvania  Day   exercises, 

Chattanooga 37 

ROSE,    Colonel    Thomas    E.,    letter   from,    read   at   dedication    of   monument  of 

Seventy-seventh    regiment    infantry 20C 

ROSTER   of   applications   for   transportation   to   Chattanooga,    Tenn 453 

Twenty-seventh   regiment  infantry 455 

Twenty-eighth    regiment    infantry 456 

Twenty-ninth    regiment    infantry 458 

Forty-sixth    regiment   infantry,     .'..  460 

Seventy-fifth   regiment   infantry '. 462 

Seventy-seventh  regiment  infantry 463 

Seventy-eighth  regiment  infantry 464 

Seventy-ninth    regiment    infantry 469 

One  Hundred  and  Eleventh  regiment  infantry 472 

One    Hundred   and   Forty-seventh    regiment    infantry 474 

Seventh  regiment  cavalry 476 

Ninth   regiment   cavalry,    479 

Fifteenth  regiment  cavalry,    483 

Light    Artillery,    Battery    B 486 

Light    Artillery,     Battery    E 487 

of    members   of    the    various    organizations    present    at   the   dedicatory  cere- 
monies who  were  not  furnished   transportation  by  the   State,    488 

S. 

SCOTT,    Private    R.    P.,    address   of,    at   dedication    of    monument    of    Seventy- 
eighth    regiment    infantry 211 

SEVENTH    REGIMENT    CAVALRY,    dedication    of   monument   of 298 

historical   sketch  of 315 

inscription  on  monument  of,    410 

roster  of  applications   from,    for   transportation   to   Chattanooga,    Tenn 476 

SEVENTY-THIRD  REGIMENT   INFANTRY,    historical  sketch  of 154 

SEVENTY-FIFTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,   dedication  of  monument  of 162 

historical     sketch    of 185 

inscription    on    monument    of 405 

roster  of  applications  from,  for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn 462 

SEVENTY-SEVENTH   REGIMENT    INFANTRY,    dedication    of    monument    of,  193 

historical    sketch    of,    202 

inscription   on   monument   of,    405 

roster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn 463 

SEVENTY-EIGHTH    REGIMENT   INFANTRY,    dedication   of  monument   of,...  210 

historical    sketch    of 227 

inscription    on    monument    of,  ^ 406 

roster  of  applications  from,   for  transportation   to  Chattanooga,    Tenn 464 

SEVENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT   INFANTRY,    dedication   of   monument   of,    ....  234 

historical   sketch  of 240 

inscription    on    monument    of,     407 

roster  of  applications  from,    for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,    Tenn 469 


«98  PENNSYLVANIA  AT 

Page. 

SHIPP,  Captain  J.  F..  address  of  welcome  by,  In  behalf  of  United  Confed- 
erate Veterans 31 

SKINNER,    Captain   George   W.,    address  of,    at    dedication    of   monument   of 

Seventy-seventh  regiment  infantry 195 

response  by,   to  address   of  welcome  on  behalf  of   United  Confederate   Vet- 
erans,             32 

STATEMENT  OF  TRANSPORTATION  furnished  honorably  discharged  soldiers 

tc   Chattanooga,   Tenn.,   and  return 16 

STKAHLIN,  Lieutenant  George.  F.,  address  and  historical  sketch  of,  at  dedi- 
cation of  monument  of  Seventh  regiment  cavalry 308 

STEIGER,    Lieutenant  T.    Albert,    address    of,    at   dedication   of   monument   of 

Seventy-fifth  regiment  infantry 166 

STEWART,  Brigadier  General  Thos.  J.,  address  of,  at  Pennsylvania  Day  ex- 
ercises, Chattanooga,  56 

response   by,    at  Auditorium,    Chattanooga,    to   address   of   welcome 27 

STEWART,    Corporal    James    P.,    prayer    by,    at   dedication    of    monument    of 

Light  Artillery,   Battery  E 372 

STICKNEY,     Private    A.    M.,     address    of,     at    dedication    of    monument    of 

Fifteenth  regiment  cavalry 351 

T. 

THOMPSON,    Captain  Heber   S.p    address   of,    at    dedication    of    monument   of 

Seventh    rogiment    cavalry 298 

TIMMONS,   Sergeant  Joseph,   address  of,    at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth 

regiment   cavalry,    330 

TRANSFER  OF  MONUMENTS  to   Governor  of  Pennsylvania,    at   Pennsylvania 

Day  exercises,  Chattanooga,  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Archibald  Blakeley 39 

TRANSPORTATION,    act   providing    for,    to    honorably    discharged    soldiers   to 

Chattanooga,    T-jnn.,    and   return,    15 

statement    of,     furnished    honorably    discharged    soldiers,    to    Chattanooga, 

Tenn. ,    " 16 

tc  Chattanooga,    Tenn.,    roster  of  applications  for,    453 

TRIMBLE,    Rev.    W.    J. ,    D.    D. ,    prayer  by,    at    dedication    of    monument    of 

Forty-sixth   regiment   Infantry,    144 

TWEEDALE,   Hon.   John,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth 

regiment   cavalry ' 355 

acceptance  of  monuments  by,   on  behalf  of  National  Government,   at  Penn- 
sylvania Day  exercises,  Chattanooga,   48 

TWENTY-SEVENTH  REGIMENT  INFANTRY,   dedication  of  monument  of,    ..  63 

historical    sketch    of 66 

inscription   on   mDnument  of 403 

roster  of  applications  from,    fcr  transportation  to  Chattanooga,    Tenn.,    —  455 

T\\  KXTY-EIGHTH   REGIMENT   INFANTRY,    dedication   of   monument   of,    ..  80 

historical    sketch    of 86 

inscription   on   monument  of 403 

roster  of  applications  from,    for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,   Tenn 456 

TWENTY-NINTH    REGIMENT    INFANTRY,    dedication    of    tablet    of 108 

historical    sketch    of 121 

inscription  on  bronze  tablet  of,    404 

roster  of  applications  from,  for  transportation  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn 458 

u. 

UI.LMANN,  Corporal  Jacob,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy- 
fifth  regiment  infantry 162 

ULLMANN,  Private  John,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventy- 
fifth  regiment  Infantry 184 

V. 

VALE,   Captain  Joseph  G.,   address  of,   at  dedication  of  monument  of  Seventh 

regiment  cavalry 390 


CHICKAMAUGA  AND  CHATTANOOGA.-  499 

W. 

Page. 

WALKER,  Private  James  D.,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Light 

Artillery,  Battery  E 373 

WALTMAN,  Captain  H.  B.,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Ninth 

regiment  cavalry 323 

WATKINS,    Mayor  Ed.-,    address  of  welcome   by,   at  Auditorium,    Chattanooga,  23 

WEAND,  Hon.  H.  K.,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  monument  of  Fifteenth 

regiment  cavalry 350 

WELLS,  Lieutenant  John  L.,  address  of,  at  dedication  of  tablet  of  One  Hun- 
dred and  Eleventh  regiment  infantry,  279 


